In this paper, we provide an explicit expression for the full Dirichlet-to-Neumann map corresponding to a radial potential for a hyperbolic differential equation in 3-dimensional. We show that the Dirichlet-Neumann op...In this paper, we provide an explicit expression for the full Dirichlet-to-Neumann map corresponding to a radial potential for a hyperbolic differential equation in 3-dimensional. We show that the Dirichlet-Neumann operators corresponding to a potential radial have the same properties for hyperbolic differential equations as for elliptic differential equations. We numerically implement the coefficients of the explicit formulas. Moreover, a Lipschitz type stability is established near the edge of the domain by an estimation constant. That is necessary for the reconstruction of the potential from Dirichlet-to-Neumann map in the inverse problem for a hyperbolic differential equation.展开更多
In this paper, a method based on the Dirichlet- to-Neumann map is developed for bandgap calculation of mixed in-plane waves propagating in 2D phononic crystals with square and triangular lattices. The method expresses...In this paper, a method based on the Dirichlet- to-Neumann map is developed for bandgap calculation of mixed in-plane waves propagating in 2D phononic crystals with square and triangular lattices. The method expresses the scattered fields in a unit cell as the cylindrical wave expansions and imposes the Bloch condition on the boundary of the unit cell. The Dirichlet-to-Neumann （DtN） map is applied to obtain a linear eigenvalue equation, from which the Bloch wave vectors along the irreducible Brillouin zone are calculated for a given frequency. Compared with other methods, the present method is memory-saving and time-saving. It can yield accurate results with fast convergence for various material combinations including those with large acoustic mismatch without extra computational cost. The method is also efficient for mixed fluid-solid systems because it considers the different wave modes in the fluid and solid as well as the proper fluid-solid interface condition.展开更多
In this paper, we provide an explicit expression for the full Dirichlet-to-Neumann map corresponding to a radial potential for the Schrödinger equation in 3-dimensional. We numerically implement the coefficie...In this paper, we provide an explicit expression for the full Dirichlet-to-Neumann map corresponding to a radial potential for the Schrödinger equation in 3-dimensional. We numerically implement the coefficients of the explicit formulas. In this work, Lipschitz type stability is established near the edge of the domain with giving estimation constant. That is necessary for the reconstruction of the potential from Dirichlet-to-Neuman map.展开更多
This paper highlights the crucial role of Indonesia’s GNSS receiver network in advancing Equatorial Plasma Bubble(EPB)studies in Southeast and East Asia,as ionospheric irregularities within EPB can disrupt GNSS signa...This paper highlights the crucial role of Indonesia’s GNSS receiver network in advancing Equatorial Plasma Bubble(EPB)studies in Southeast and East Asia,as ionospheric irregularities within EPB can disrupt GNSS signals and degrade positioning accuracy.Managed by the Indonesian Geospatial Information Agency(BIG),the Indonesia Continuously Operating Reference Station(Ina-CORS)network comprises over 300 GNSS receivers spanning equatorial to southern low-latitude regions.Ina-CORS is uniquely situated to monitor EPB generation,zonal drift,and dissipation across Southeast Asia.We provide a practical tool for EPB research,by sharing two-dimensional rate of Total Electron Content(TEC)change index(ROTI)derived from this network.We generate ROTI maps with a 10-minute resolution,and samples from May 2024 are publicly available for further scientific research.Two preliminary findings from the ROTI maps of Ina-CORS are noteworthy.First,the Ina-CORS ROTI maps reveal that the irregularities within a broader EPB structure persist longer,increasing the potential for these irregularities to migrate farther eastward.Second,we demonstrate that combined ROTI maps from Ina-CORS and GNSS receivers in East Asia and Australia can be used to monitor the development of ionospheric irregularities in Southeast and East Asia.We have demonstrated the combined ROTI maps to capture the development of ionospheric irregularities in the Southeast/East Asian sector during the G5 Geomagnetic Storm on May 11,2024.We observed simultaneous ionospheric irregularities in Japan and Australia,respectively propagating northwestward and southwestward,before midnight,whereas Southeast Asia’s equatorial and low-latitude regions exhibited irregularities post-midnight.By sharing ROTI maps from Indonesia and integrating them with regional GNSS networks,researchers can conduct comprehensive EPB studies,enhancing the understanding of EPB behavior across Southeast and East Asia and contributing significantly to ionospheric research.展开更多
目的利用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术构建斑马鱼map3k15敲除纯合品系,为进一步研究map3k15在肾脏疾病方面的作用提供动物模型。方法1)分析map3k15在斑马鱼中的表达模式;2)利用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术构建斑马鱼map3k15敲除纯合品系;3)观察...目的利用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术构建斑马鱼map3k15敲除纯合品系,为进一步研究map3k15在肾脏疾病方面的作用提供动物模型。方法1)分析map3k15在斑马鱼中的表达模式;2)利用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术构建斑马鱼map3k15敲除纯合品系;3)观察map3k15缺失对斑马鱼表型的影响。结果1)map3k15在斑马鱼前肾中表达,且MAP3K15/Map3k15蛋白在多物种间具有高度保守性;2)成功构建了斑马鱼map3k15-/-突变体,并保留+2 bp及+1 bp 2种突变品系;3)map3k15突变斑马鱼在胚胎发育过程中出现卵黄囊、心包及头部的水肿,且随发育时间延长,症状逐渐加重。结论成功构建了map3k15敲除的纯合斑马鱼品系,为未来研究map3k15在肾脏发育及疾病中的作用提供了重要的模型。展开更多
目的基于T2^(*)mapping定量分析业余马拉松运动员足踝部关节软骨的T2^(*)值,并分析其与性别、年龄、身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、跑龄、跑量之间的相关性。材料与方法于2023年7月份至2023年9月份招募重庆市长跑运动爱好者48名,...目的基于T2^(*)mapping定量分析业余马拉松运动员足踝部关节软骨的T2^(*)值,并分析其与性别、年龄、身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、跑龄、跑量之间的相关性。材料与方法于2023年7月份至2023年9月份招募重庆市长跑运动爱好者48名,其中跑量<300 km/月的36例(中低跑量组),跑量≥300 km/月的12例(高跑量组)。所有受试者均进行单侧无症状踝关节的MRI扫描,扫描序列包括T2^(*)mapping多回波自旋回波(spin echo,SE)序列矢状位、质子密度加权成像脂肪抑制(proton density-weighted imaging fat-saturated,PDWI-FS)序列矢状位、冠状位、横轴位以及T1加权脂肪抑制成像(T1-weighted imaging fat-saturated,T1WI-FS)序列横轴位。沿关节软骨轮廓边缘勾画距骨穹窿、跟骰关节跟骨面、骰骨面及后距下关节跟骨面、距骨面软骨作为感兴趣区(region of interest,ROI),获得相应的T2^(*)值。采用线性回归分析软骨T2^(*)值与年龄、BMI、跑龄的相关性,采用独立样本t检验分析不同跑量及不同性别间的软骨T2^(*)值差异。结果(1)距骨穹窿、跟骰关节跟骨面及骰骨面、后距下关节跟骨面及距骨面软骨T2^(*)值在性别上的差异均具有统计学意义(P=0.001、P<0.001、P=0.002、P=0.008、P=0.004);(2)高跑量组的距骨穹窿、后距下关节跟骨面软骨T2^(*)值高于中低跑量组(P=0.014、0.023),不同跑量的跟骰关节跟骨面及骰骨面、后距下关节距骨面软骨T2^(*)值的差异均无统计学意义(P=0.987、0.072、0.724);(3)距骨穹窿、跟骰关节跟骨面及骰骨面、后距下关节跟骨面、距骨面软骨T2^(*)值均与BMI呈正相关(r=0.376、0.384、0.300、0.422、0.455,P=0.005、0.004、0.019、0.001、0.001)。结论在业余马拉松运动员这一跑步群体中,与中低跑量相比,高跑量更有可能导致距骨穹窿、后距下关节跟骨面软骨损伤;而与较低的BMI相比,高BMI增加了距骨穹窿、跟骰关节跟骨面、骰骨面及后距下关节跟骨面、距骨面软骨损伤的风险。展开更多
多模态苹果派(multimodal APPLE PIE, MAP)基于多模态教学原则以及交互性教学原则,在教学过程中以有效性、互动性和参与性为核心,对解决当前考研英语教学中存在的问题具有重要指导意义。因此,探究考研英语教学现状,提出MAP原则指导下实...多模态苹果派(multimodal APPLE PIE, MAP)基于多模态教学原则以及交互性教学原则,在教学过程中以有效性、互动性和参与性为核心,对解决当前考研英语教学中存在的问题具有重要指导意义。因此,探究考研英语教学现状,提出MAP原则指导下实现考研英语线上虚拟课堂的教学设计,从课堂导入、课程呈现、学生合作学习、人机互动、课堂互动5个环节探究考研英语线上虚拟课堂的教学过程,以期提高教师的教学质量以及增强学生的学习效果。展开更多
This study was aimed to prepare landslide susceptibility maps for the Pithoragarh district in Uttarakhand,India,using advanced ensemble models that combined Radial Basis Function Networks(RBFN)with three ensemble lear...This study was aimed to prepare landslide susceptibility maps for the Pithoragarh district in Uttarakhand,India,using advanced ensemble models that combined Radial Basis Function Networks(RBFN)with three ensemble learning techniques:DAGGING(DG),MULTIBOOST(MB),and ADABOOST(AB).This combination resulted in three distinct ensemble models:DG-RBFN,MB-RBFN,and AB-RBFN.Additionally,a traditional weighted method,Information Value(IV),and a benchmark machine learning(ML)model,Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network(MLP),were employed for comparison and validation.The models were developed using ten landslide conditioning factors,which included slope,aspect,elevation,curvature,land cover,geomorphology,overburden depth,lithology,distance to rivers and distance to roads.These factors were instrumental in predicting the output variable,which was the probability of landslide occurrence.Statistical analysis of the models’performance indicated that the DG-RBFN model,with an Area Under ROC Curve(AUC)of 0.931,outperformed the other models.The AB-RBFN model achieved an AUC of 0.929,the MB-RBFN model had an AUC of 0.913,and the MLP model recorded an AUC of 0.926.These results suggest that the advanced ensemble ML model DG-RBFN was more accurate than traditional statistical model,single MLP model,and other ensemble models in preparing trustworthy landslide susceptibility maps,thereby enhancing land use planning and decision-making.展开更多
A distinctive feature of scholarly communities today is exploring topics and concepts in interdisciplinary and international contexts. This observation is increasingly apparent and visible in advancing our thinking an...A distinctive feature of scholarly communities today is exploring topics and concepts in interdisciplinary and international contexts. This observation is increasingly apparent and visible in advancing our thinking and policies related to human/environmental worlds at local, regional, and global scales. Maps are an important part of these innovative and ongoing research approaches. In this context, we consider urban forests a topic meriting more attention of scholars studying the geographic and environmental intersections of the natural sciences with the social sciences and humanities. We construct two innovative knowledge bases, one a conceptual framework based on major themes and concepts related to mapping urban forests using key words of the first 100 results of a Google Scholar query and a second using the number of Google Scholar hyperlinks about mapping urban forests in 244 capital cities. We discovered that the constructed world maps reveal vast global unevenness in our knowledge about urban forests in hyperlink numbers and ratios, results that merit further attention by disciplinary, international and interdisciplinary scholarly communities.展开更多
With their high economic value and cultural significance,modern roses are one of the most important ornamental plants.Because of their complicated genetic background and tetraploid nature,the creation of high-density ...With their high economic value and cultural significance,modern roses are one of the most important ornamental plants.Because of their complicated genetic background and tetraploid nature,the creation of high-density genetic maps of roses has been a challenge that has slowed the pace of molecular breeding for modern roses.The current construction of tetraploid genetic maps based on existing diploid rose genomes could lead to inaccurate marker information and genotyping results.Therefore,we generated the first high-quality tetraploid genome of Rosa chinensis‘Yunzheng Xiawei.'Utilizing Illumina,PacBio,and Hi-C sequencing technologies,we assembled a genome of 858.59 Mb with 14pseudo-chromosomes.Mode of inheritance analysis using PolyOrigin indicated that modern roses show both quadrivalent and bivalent pairing.Based on this reference genome,high-density genetic maps were constructed using MSTmap with nearly saturated markers.Quantitative trait locus(QTL)analysis was conducted using WinQTLCart and R/qtl for flavonoids and carotenoids,and 11 QTL clusters were identified.By combining the genome annotation,phylogenetic analyses,and gene expression analyses,we were able to identify several key genes related to flavonoid and carotenoid biosynthesis.This study provides the basis for further genetic analyses of highly heterozygous tetraploid roses and could facilitate the progress of marker-assisted selection in modern roses.展开更多
Momordica antiviral protein 30 kD(MAP30)is a type I ribosome-inactivating protein(RIP)with antibacterial,anti-HIV and antitumor activities but lacks the ability to target tumor cells.To increase its tumor-targeting ab...Momordica antiviral protein 30 kD(MAP30)is a type I ribosome-inactivating protein(RIP)with antibacterial,anti-HIV and antitumor activities but lacks the ability to target tumor cells.To increase its tumor-targeting ability,the arginine-glycine-aspartic(RGD)peptide and the epidermal growth factor receptor interference(EGFRi)peptide were fused with MAP30,which was named ELRL-MAP30.The efficiency of targeted therapy for triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)MDA-MB-231 cells,which lack the expression of estrogen receptor(ER),Progesterone receptor(PgR)and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2(HER2),is limited.In this study,we focus on exploring the effect and mechanism of ELRL-MAP30 on TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells.First,we discovered that ELRL-MAP30 significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells and induced MDA-MB-231 cell apoptosis.Moreover,ELRL-MAP30 treatment resulted in a significant increase in Bax expression and a decrease in Bcl-2 expression.Furthermore,ELRL-MAP30 triggered apoptosis via the Fak/EGFR/Erk and Ilk/Akt signaling pathways.In addition,recombinant ELRL-MAP30 can inhibit chicken embryonic angiogenesis,and also inhibit the tube formation ability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs),indicating its potential therapeutic effects on tumor angiogenesis.Collectively,these results indicate that ELRL-MAP30 has significant tumor-targeting properties in MDA-MB-231 cancer cells and reveals potential therapeutic effects on angiogenesis.These findings indicate the potential role of ELRL-MAP30 in the targeted treatment of the TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231.展开更多
Based on the numerical evidences,an analytical expression of the Dirichletto-Neumann mapping in the form of infinite product was first conjectured for the onedimensional characteristic Schrodinger equation with a sinu...Based on the numerical evidences,an analytical expression of the Dirichletto-Neumann mapping in the form of infinite product was first conjectured for the onedimensional characteristic Schrodinger equation with a sinusoidal potential in[Commun.Comput.Phys.,3(3):641-658,2008].It was later extended for the general secondorder characteristic elliptic equations with symmetric periodic coefficients in[J.Comp.Phys.,227:6877-6894,2008].In this paper,we present a proof for this Dirichlet-toNeumann mapping.展开更多
In a two-dimensional(2D)photonic crystal(PhC)composed of circular cylinders(dielectric rods or air holes)on a square or triangular lattice,various PhC devices can be created by removing or modifying some cylinders.Mos...In a two-dimensional(2D)photonic crystal(PhC)composed of circular cylinders(dielectric rods or air holes)on a square or triangular lattice,various PhC devices can be created by removing or modifying some cylinders.Most existing numerical methods for PhC devices give rise to large sparse or smaller but dense linear systems,all of which are expensive to solve if the device is large.In a previous work[Z.Hu et al.,Optics Express,16(2008),17383-17399],an efficient Dirichlet-to-Neumann(DtN)map method was developed for general 2D PhC devices with an infinite background PhC to take full advantage of the underlying lattice structure.The DtN map of a unit cell is an operator that maps the wave field to its normal derivative on the cell boundary and it allows one to avoid computing the wave field in the interior of the unit cell.In this paper,we extend the DtN map method to PhC devices with a finite background PhC.Since there is no bandgap effect to confine the light in a finite PhC,a different technique for truncating the domain is needed.We enclose the finite structure with a layer of empty boundary and corner unit cells,and approximate the DtN maps of these cells based on expanding the scattered wave in outgoing plane waves.Our method gives rise to a relatively small and sparse linear systems that are particularly easy to solve.展开更多
文摘In this paper, we provide an explicit expression for the full Dirichlet-to-Neumann map corresponding to a radial potential for a hyperbolic differential equation in 3-dimensional. We show that the Dirichlet-Neumann operators corresponding to a potential radial have the same properties for hyperbolic differential equations as for elliptic differential equations. We numerically implement the coefficients of the explicit formulas. Moreover, a Lipschitz type stability is established near the edge of the domain by an estimation constant. That is necessary for the reconstruction of the potential from Dirichlet-to-Neumann map in the inverse problem for a hyperbolic differential equation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51178037,10632020)the 973 State Key Development Program for Basic Research of China(2010CB732104)
文摘In this paper, a method based on the Dirichlet- to-Neumann map is developed for bandgap calculation of mixed in-plane waves propagating in 2D phononic crystals with square and triangular lattices. The method expresses the scattered fields in a unit cell as the cylindrical wave expansions and imposes the Bloch condition on the boundary of the unit cell. The Dirichlet-to-Neumann （DtN） map is applied to obtain a linear eigenvalue equation, from which the Bloch wave vectors along the irreducible Brillouin zone are calculated for a given frequency. Compared with other methods, the present method is memory-saving and time-saving. It can yield accurate results with fast convergence for various material combinations including those with large acoustic mismatch without extra computational cost. The method is also efficient for mixed fluid-solid systems because it considers the different wave modes in the fluid and solid as well as the proper fluid-solid interface condition.
文摘In this paper, we provide an explicit expression for the full Dirichlet-to-Neumann map corresponding to a radial potential for the Schrödinger equation in 3-dimensional. We numerically implement the coefficients of the explicit formulas. In this work, Lipschitz type stability is established near the edge of the domain with giving estimation constant. That is necessary for the reconstruction of the potential from Dirichlet-to-Neuman map.
基金JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number16H06286 supports global GNSS ionospheric maps (TEC,ROTI,and detrended TEC maps) developed by the Institute for SpaceEarth Environmental Research (ISEE) of Nagoya Universitysupport of the 2024 JASSO Follow-up Research Fellowship Program for a 90-day visiting research at the Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research (ISEE),Nagoya University+3 种基金the support received from Telkom University under the“Skema Penelitian Terapan Periode I Tahun Anggaran 2024”the Memorandum of Understanding for Research Collaboration on Regional Ionospheric Observation (No:092/SAM3/TE-DEK/2021)the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) International Exchange Program 2024-2025(No.2024-007)support for a one-year visiting research at Hokkaido University
文摘This paper highlights the crucial role of Indonesia’s GNSS receiver network in advancing Equatorial Plasma Bubble(EPB)studies in Southeast and East Asia,as ionospheric irregularities within EPB can disrupt GNSS signals and degrade positioning accuracy.Managed by the Indonesian Geospatial Information Agency(BIG),the Indonesia Continuously Operating Reference Station(Ina-CORS)network comprises over 300 GNSS receivers spanning equatorial to southern low-latitude regions.Ina-CORS is uniquely situated to monitor EPB generation,zonal drift,and dissipation across Southeast Asia.We provide a practical tool for EPB research,by sharing two-dimensional rate of Total Electron Content(TEC)change index(ROTI)derived from this network.We generate ROTI maps with a 10-minute resolution,and samples from May 2024 are publicly available for further scientific research.Two preliminary findings from the ROTI maps of Ina-CORS are noteworthy.First,the Ina-CORS ROTI maps reveal that the irregularities within a broader EPB structure persist longer,increasing the potential for these irregularities to migrate farther eastward.Second,we demonstrate that combined ROTI maps from Ina-CORS and GNSS receivers in East Asia and Australia can be used to monitor the development of ionospheric irregularities in Southeast and East Asia.We have demonstrated the combined ROTI maps to capture the development of ionospheric irregularities in the Southeast/East Asian sector during the G5 Geomagnetic Storm on May 11,2024.We observed simultaneous ionospheric irregularities in Japan and Australia,respectively propagating northwestward and southwestward,before midnight,whereas Southeast Asia’s equatorial and low-latitude regions exhibited irregularities post-midnight.By sharing ROTI maps from Indonesia and integrating them with regional GNSS networks,researchers can conduct comprehensive EPB studies,enhancing the understanding of EPB behavior across Southeast and East Asia and contributing significantly to ionospheric research.
文摘目的利用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术构建斑马鱼map3k15敲除纯合品系,为进一步研究map3k15在肾脏疾病方面的作用提供动物模型。方法1)分析map3k15在斑马鱼中的表达模式;2)利用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术构建斑马鱼map3k15敲除纯合品系;3)观察map3k15缺失对斑马鱼表型的影响。结果1)map3k15在斑马鱼前肾中表达,且MAP3K15/Map3k15蛋白在多物种间具有高度保守性;2)成功构建了斑马鱼map3k15-/-突变体,并保留+2 bp及+1 bp 2种突变品系;3)map3k15突变斑马鱼在胚胎发育过程中出现卵黄囊、心包及头部的水肿,且随发育时间延长,症状逐渐加重。结论成功构建了map3k15敲除的纯合斑马鱼品系,为未来研究map3k15在肾脏发育及疾病中的作用提供了重要的模型。
文摘多模态苹果派(multimodal APPLE PIE, MAP)基于多模态教学原则以及交互性教学原则,在教学过程中以有效性、互动性和参与性为核心,对解决当前考研英语教学中存在的问题具有重要指导意义。因此,探究考研英语教学现状,提出MAP原则指导下实现考研英语线上虚拟课堂的教学设计,从课堂导入、课程呈现、学生合作学习、人机互动、课堂互动5个环节探究考研英语线上虚拟课堂的教学过程,以期提高教师的教学质量以及增强学生的学习效果。
基金the University of Transport Technology under the project entitled“Application of Machine Learning Algorithms in Landslide Susceptibility Mapping in Mountainous Areas”with grant number DTTD2022-16.
文摘This study was aimed to prepare landslide susceptibility maps for the Pithoragarh district in Uttarakhand,India,using advanced ensemble models that combined Radial Basis Function Networks(RBFN)with three ensemble learning techniques:DAGGING(DG),MULTIBOOST(MB),and ADABOOST(AB).This combination resulted in three distinct ensemble models:DG-RBFN,MB-RBFN,and AB-RBFN.Additionally,a traditional weighted method,Information Value(IV),and a benchmark machine learning(ML)model,Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network(MLP),were employed for comparison and validation.The models were developed using ten landslide conditioning factors,which included slope,aspect,elevation,curvature,land cover,geomorphology,overburden depth,lithology,distance to rivers and distance to roads.These factors were instrumental in predicting the output variable,which was the probability of landslide occurrence.Statistical analysis of the models’performance indicated that the DG-RBFN model,with an Area Under ROC Curve(AUC)of 0.931,outperformed the other models.The AB-RBFN model achieved an AUC of 0.929,the MB-RBFN model had an AUC of 0.913,and the MLP model recorded an AUC of 0.926.These results suggest that the advanced ensemble ML model DG-RBFN was more accurate than traditional statistical model,single MLP model,and other ensemble models in preparing trustworthy landslide susceptibility maps,thereby enhancing land use planning and decision-making.
文摘A distinctive feature of scholarly communities today is exploring topics and concepts in interdisciplinary and international contexts. This observation is increasingly apparent and visible in advancing our thinking and policies related to human/environmental worlds at local, regional, and global scales. Maps are an important part of these innovative and ongoing research approaches. In this context, we consider urban forests a topic meriting more attention of scholars studying the geographic and environmental intersections of the natural sciences with the social sciences and humanities. We construct two innovative knowledge bases, one a conceptual framework based on major themes and concepts related to mapping urban forests using key words of the first 100 results of a Google Scholar query and a second using the number of Google Scholar hyperlinks about mapping urban forests in 244 capital cities. We discovered that the constructed world maps reveal vast global unevenness in our knowledge about urban forests in hyperlink numbers and ratios, results that merit further attention by disciplinary, international and interdisciplinary scholarly communities.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32071818)。
文摘With their high economic value and cultural significance,modern roses are one of the most important ornamental plants.Because of their complicated genetic background and tetraploid nature,the creation of high-density genetic maps of roses has been a challenge that has slowed the pace of molecular breeding for modern roses.The current construction of tetraploid genetic maps based on existing diploid rose genomes could lead to inaccurate marker information and genotyping results.Therefore,we generated the first high-quality tetraploid genome of Rosa chinensis‘Yunzheng Xiawei.'Utilizing Illumina,PacBio,and Hi-C sequencing technologies,we assembled a genome of 858.59 Mb with 14pseudo-chromosomes.Mode of inheritance analysis using PolyOrigin indicated that modern roses show both quadrivalent and bivalent pairing.Based on this reference genome,high-density genetic maps were constructed using MSTmap with nearly saturated markers.Quantitative trait locus(QTL)analysis was conducted using WinQTLCart and R/qtl for flavonoids and carotenoids,and 11 QTL clusters were identified.By combining the genome annotation,phylogenetic analyses,and gene expression analyses,we were able to identify several key genes related to flavonoid and carotenoid biosynthesis.This study provides the basis for further genetic analyses of highly heterozygous tetraploid roses and could facilitate the progress of marker-assisted selection in modern roses.
文摘Momordica antiviral protein 30 kD(MAP30)is a type I ribosome-inactivating protein(RIP)with antibacterial,anti-HIV and antitumor activities but lacks the ability to target tumor cells.To increase its tumor-targeting ability,the arginine-glycine-aspartic(RGD)peptide and the epidermal growth factor receptor interference(EGFRi)peptide were fused with MAP30,which was named ELRL-MAP30.The efficiency of targeted therapy for triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)MDA-MB-231 cells,which lack the expression of estrogen receptor(ER),Progesterone receptor(PgR)and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2(HER2),is limited.In this study,we focus on exploring the effect and mechanism of ELRL-MAP30 on TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells.First,we discovered that ELRL-MAP30 significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells and induced MDA-MB-231 cell apoptosis.Moreover,ELRL-MAP30 treatment resulted in a significant increase in Bax expression and a decrease in Bcl-2 expression.Furthermore,ELRL-MAP30 triggered apoptosis via the Fak/EGFR/Erk and Ilk/Akt signaling pathways.In addition,recombinant ELRL-MAP30 can inhibit chicken embryonic angiogenesis,and also inhibit the tube formation ability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs),indicating its potential therapeutic effects on tumor angiogenesis.Collectively,these results indicate that ELRL-MAP30 has significant tumor-targeting properties in MDA-MB-231 cancer cells and reveals potential therapeutic effects on angiogenesis.These findings indicate the potential role of ELRL-MAP30 in the targeted treatment of the TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231.
基金The authors would like to thank Prof.Matthias Ehrhardt for the inspiring discussion on this work.C.Zheng was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.11371218.
文摘Based on the numerical evidences,an analytical expression of the Dirichletto-Neumann mapping in the form of infinite product was first conjectured for the onedimensional characteristic Schrodinger equation with a sinusoidal potential in[Commun.Comput.Phys.,3(3):641-658,2008].It was later extended for the general secondorder characteristic elliptic equations with symmetric periodic coefficients in[J.Comp.Phys.,227:6877-6894,2008].In this paper,we present a proof for this Dirichlet-toNeumann mapping.
基金the National Science Foundation of China(Project No.10701016)the open fund of key laboratory of information photonics and optical communications(Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications)of Ministry of Education+1 种基金the fundamental research funds for the central universities(BUPT2009RC0706)a grant from the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China(Project No.CityU 102207)。
文摘In a two-dimensional(2D)photonic crystal(PhC)composed of circular cylinders(dielectric rods or air holes)on a square or triangular lattice,various PhC devices can be created by removing or modifying some cylinders.Most existing numerical methods for PhC devices give rise to large sparse or smaller but dense linear systems,all of which are expensive to solve if the device is large.In a previous work[Z.Hu et al.,Optics Express,16(2008),17383-17399],an efficient Dirichlet-to-Neumann(DtN)map method was developed for general 2D PhC devices with an infinite background PhC to take full advantage of the underlying lattice structure.The DtN map of a unit cell is an operator that maps the wave field to its normal derivative on the cell boundary and it allows one to avoid computing the wave field in the interior of the unit cell.In this paper,we extend the DtN map method to PhC devices with a finite background PhC.Since there is no bandgap effect to confine the light in a finite PhC,a different technique for truncating the domain is needed.We enclose the finite structure with a layer of empty boundary and corner unit cells,and approximate the DtN maps of these cells based on expanding the scattered wave in outgoing plane waves.Our method gives rise to a relatively small and sparse linear systems that are particularly easy to solve.
