In eukaryotic cells,organelles in the secretory,lysosomal,and endocytic pathways actively exchange biological materials with each other through intracellular membrane trafficking,which is the process of transporting t...In eukaryotic cells,organelles in the secretory,lysosomal,and endocytic pathways actively exchange biological materials with each other through intracellular membrane trafficking,which is the process of transporting the cargo of proteins,lipids,and other molecules to appropriate compartments via transport vesicles or intermediates.These processes are strictly regulated by various small GTPases such as the RAS-like in rat brain(RAB)protein family,which is the largest subfamily of the RAS superfamily.Dysfunction of membrane trafficking affects tissue homeostasis and leads to a wide range of diseases,including neurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases.Therefore,it is important to understand the physiological and pathological roles of RAB proteins in brain function.RAB35,a member of the RAB family,is an evolutionarily conserved protein in metazoans.A wide range of studies using cultured mammalian cells and model organisms have revealed that RAB35 mediates various processes such as cytokinesis,endocytic recycling,actin bundling,and cell migration.RAB35 is also involved in neurite outgrowth and turnover of synaptic vesicles.We generated brain-specific Rab35 knockout mice to study the physiological roles of RAB35 in brain development and function.These mice exhibited defects in anxiety-related behaviors and spatial memory.Strikingly,RAB35 is required for the precise positioning of pyramidal neurons during hippocampal development,and thereby for normal hippocampal lamination.In contrast,layer formation in the cerebral cortex occurred superficially,even in the absence of RAB35,suggesting a predominant role for RAB35 in hippocampal development rather than in cerebral cortex development.Recent studies have suggested an association between RAB35 and neurodegenerative diseases,including Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease.In this review,we provide an overview of the current understanding of subcellular functions of RAB35.We also provide insights into the physiological role of RAB35 in mammalian brain development and function,and discuss the involvement of RAB35 dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases.展开更多
Human brain development is a complex process,and animal models often have significant limitations.To address this,researchers have developed pluripotent stem cell-derived three-dimensional structures,known as brain-li...Human brain development is a complex process,and animal models often have significant limitations.To address this,researchers have developed pluripotent stem cell-derived three-dimensional structures,known as brain-like organoids,to more accurately model early human brain development and disease.To enable more consistent and intuitive reproduction of early brain development,in this study,we incorporated forebrain organoid culture technology into the traditional unguided method of brain organoid culture.This involved embedding organoids in matrigel for only 7 days during the rapid expansion phase of the neural epithelium and then removing them from the matrigel for further cultivation,resulting in a new type of human brain organoid system.This cerebral organoid system replicated the temporospatial characteristics of early human brain development,including neuroepithelium derivation,neural progenitor cell production and maintenance,neuron differentiation and migration,and cortical layer patterning and formation,providing more consistent and reproducible organoids for developmental modeling and toxicology testing.As a proof of concept,we applied the heavy metal cadmium to this newly improved organoid system to test whether it could be used to evaluate the neurotoxicity of environmental toxins.Brain organoids exposed to cadmium for 7 or 14 days manifested severe damage and abnormalities in their neurodevelopmental patterns,including bursts of cortical cell death and premature differentiation.Cadmium exposure caused progressive depletion of neural progenitor cells and loss of organoid integrity,accompanied by compensatory cell proliferation at ectopic locations.The convenience,flexibility,and controllability of this newly developed organoid platform make it a powerful and affordable alternative to animal models for use in neurodevelopmental,neurological,and neurotoxicological studies.展开更多
The organotypic retinal explant culture has been established for more than a decade and offers a range of unique advantages compared with in vivo experiments and cell cultures.However,the lack of systematic and contin...The organotypic retinal explant culture has been established for more than a decade and offers a range of unique advantages compared with in vivo experiments and cell cultures.However,the lack of systematic and continuous comparison between in vivo retinal development and the organotypic retinal explant culture makes this model controversial in postnatal retinal development studies.Thus,we aimed to verify the feasibility of using this model for postnatal retinal development studies by comparing it with the in vivo retina.In this study,we showed that postnatal retinal explants undergo normal development,and exhibit a consistent structure and timeline with retinas in vivo.Initially,we used SOX2 and PAX6 immunostaining to identify retinal progenitor cells.We then examined cell proliferation and migration by immunostaining with Ki-67 and doublecortin,respectively.Ki-67-and doublecortin-positive cells decreased in both in vivo and explants during postnatal retinogenesis,and exhibited a high degree of similarity in abundance and distribution between groups.Additionally,we used Ceh-10 homeodomain-containing homolog,glutamate-ammonia ligase(glutamine synthetase),neuronal nuclei,and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 immunostaining to examine the emergence of bipolar cells,Müller glia,mature neurons,and microglia,respectively.The timing and spatial patterns of the emergence of these cell types were remarkably consistent between in vivo and explant retinas.Our study showed that the organotypic retinal explant culture model had a high degree of consistency with the progression of in vivo early postnatal retina development.The findings confirm the accuracy and credibility of this model and support its use for long-term,systematic,and continuous observation.展开更多
The Chinese government promises to reach the carbon emission peak by 2030 and achieve the carbon neutrality by 2060.Renewable energy development is important for achieving this target.Local governments’behaviors and ...The Chinese government promises to reach the carbon emission peak by 2030 and achieve the carbon neutrality by 2060.Renewable energy development is important for achieving this target.Local governments’behaviors and attitudes might be influenced by neighbors.Therefore,this study uses simultaneous autoregressive models(SAR)to examine the peer effects on renewable energy development across China’s provinces and explain the imbalanced renewable energy developments across regions in China.The results exemplified:①The peer effects exist in China and the endogenous interaction is the main cause.②The interaction between geographically adjacent provinces have greatest peer effects.③Both competition mechanism and learning mechanism induce the peer effects and the imbalanced development.This research introduces energy-related peer effects at the provincial level to reflect the preferences of governments and reveal the underlying mechanisms involved.It also provides suggestions to policy makers:①Select developed provinces as the frontrunner to promote the renewable energy development in neighboring areas.②Regional renewable energy development policies need to be considered.③Central government should consider adding“green growth indicators”into evaluation system to avoid the asymmetrical incentives policies between economic growth and environmental protection.展开更多
Creative tourism is a dynamic and innovative approach to tourism,which points out the importance of people's active participation and their immersion in such experiences.In a vernacular context,it should attract p...Creative tourism is a dynamic and innovative approach to tourism,which points out the importance of people's active participation and their immersion in such experiences.In a vernacular context,it should attract people(local and tourists)attention to accomplish its main goals.Despite its rich cultural and natural assets,Kurdistan province faces several challenges that impact its tourism potential.To achieve that,the study uses quantitative approach to thoroughly analyze and evaluate the components of creative tourism in this province.The research focuses on tourists who visited the province's ten towns during the spring and summer of 2023.Data collection utilized a Likert-scale questionnaire ranging from"very good"to"very poor".The study employed a semistructured questionnaire developed through qualitative interviews alongside a researcher-made questionnaire validated by experts from the University of Kurdistan.The qualitative questionnaire achieved a high-reliability score of 93%using Cronbach's alpha coefficient.In-depth interviews and literary research were conducted to identify creative tourism components and indicators,informing the development of a quantitative questionnaire.Data analysis was performed using SPSS 20 and AMOS software to scrutinize the survey findings,providing insights into enhancing creative tourism strategies in Kurdistan province.The results reveal the varying significance of these dimensions,with the cultural dimension identified as the most crucial(factor loading:0.95),followed by the social(0.92),economic(0.88),and managerial/political dimensions(0.83).The study highlights the importance of cultural planning,community engagement,and infrastructural support in fostering creative tourism.Furthermore,it explores the impact of creative industries,such as music and arts rooted in Kurdish culture,on tourism development.Economic diversification and spatialphysical considerations are critical factors in enhancing Kurdistan's appeal as a creative tourism destination,emphasizing sustainable growth and cultural preservation.展开更多
Cracks are important migration channels and storage spaces for oil and gas, and the peripheral cracks in the Ordos Basin have developed extensively after multiple tectonic movements. Using unmanned aerial vehicle obli...Cracks are important migration channels and storage spaces for oil and gas, and the peripheral cracks in the Ordos Basin have developed extensively after multiple tectonic movements. Using unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photogrammetry technology to obtain field outcrop image data and establish a three-dimensional model for observation, the NEE and NNW fractures are the most developed in the Yanchang Formation of the study area, while the NW and NNE fractures are slightly developed, all of which are high angle vertical fractures and belong to regional structural fractures. The NNW oriented cracks are restricted by the NEE oriented cracks and developed in the late stage. Combined with the analysis of regional geological background, fracture intersection relationship and tectonic stress field, it is considered that there are two stages of fractures in Dongjiahe, namely, the late Indosinian and Yanshanian.展开更多
Developing deep fragmented soft coalbed methane(CBM)can significantly enhance domestic natural gas supplies,reduce reliance on imported energy,and bolster national energy security.This manuscript provides a comprehens...Developing deep fragmented soft coalbed methane(CBM)can significantly enhance domestic natural gas supplies,reduce reliance on imported energy,and bolster national energy security.This manuscript provides a comprehensive review of commonly employed coalbed methane extraction technologies.It then delves into several critical issues in the current stage of CBM exploration and development in China,including the compatibility of existing technologies with CBM reservoirs,the characteristics and occurrence states of CBM reservoirs,critical desorption pressure,and gas generation mechanisms.Our research indicates that current CBM exploration and development technologies in China have reached an internationally advanced level,yet the industry is facing unprecedented challenges.Despite progress in low-permeability,high-value coal seams,significant breakthroughs have not been achieved in exploring other types of coal seams.For different coal reservoirs,integrated extraction technologies have been developed,such as surface pre-depressurisation and segmented hydraulic fracturing of coal seam roof strata.Additionally,techniques like large-scale volume fracturing in horizontal wells have been established,significantly enhancing reservoir stimulation effects and coalbed methane recovery rates.However,all of these technologies are fundamentally based on permeation.These technologies lack direct methods aimed at enhancing the diffusion rate of CBM,thereby failing to fully reflect the unique characteristics of CBM.Current CBM exploration and development theories and technologies are not universally applicable to all coal seams.They do not adequately account for the predominantly adsorbed state of CBM,and the complex and variable gas generation mechanisms further constrain CBM development in China.Finally,continuous exploration of new deep CBM exploration technologies is necessary.Integrating more effective reservoir stimulation technologies is essential to enhance technical adaptability concerning CBM reservoir characteristics,gas occurrence states,and gas generation mechanisms,ultimately achieving efficient CBM development.We conclude that while China possesses a substantial foundation of deep fractured CBM resources,industry development is constrained and requires continuous exploration of new CBM exploration and development technologies to utilize these resources effectively.展开更多
This study investigates the critical intersection of cyberpsychology and cybersecurity policy development in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Through a mixed-methods approach incorporating surveys of 523 emp...This study investigates the critical intersection of cyberpsychology and cybersecurity policy development in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Through a mixed-methods approach incorporating surveys of 523 employees across 78 SMEs, qualitative interviews, and case studies, the research examines how psychological factors influence cybersecurity behaviors and policy effectiveness. Key findings reveal significant correlations between psychological factors and security outcomes, including the relationship between self-efficacy and policy compliance (r = 0.42, p β = 0.37, p < 0.001). The study identifies critical challenges in risk perception, policy complexity, and organizational culture affecting SME cybersecurity implementation. Results demonstrate that successful cybersecurity initiatives require the integration of psychological principles with technical solutions. The research provides a framework for developing human-centric security policies that address both behavioral and technical aspects of cybersecurity in resource-constrained environments.展开更多
This paper explores the essential role of art education in adolescents’cultural development.By examining the influence of art education on adolescents’aesthetic abilities and observing the cultural stories behind ar...This paper explores the essential role of art education in adolescents’cultural development.By examining the influence of art education on adolescents’aesthetic abilities and observing the cultural stories behind artworks,this paper aims to underscore the importance of art education in nurturing knowledge,fostering cultural identity,and encouraging cross-cultural understanding.Suggestions are put forward correspondingly to ensure the quality of art education and improve adolescents’cultural literacy.展开更多
The development of communication networks is currently undergoing a period of transformation.This paper illustrates this transformation from the growth rate of communication users,network bandwidth,and service revenue...The development of communication networks is currently undergoing a period of transformation.This paper illustrates this transformation from the growth rate of communication users,network bandwidth,and service revenue.We also analyze the shift in the focus of network technology development from aspects such as information sources,mobile terminals,wireless channels,core networks,edge clouds,data perception,and artificial intelligence.Finally,we briefly outline the new paradigm for network research and development(R&D)in the intelligent era.展开更多
The pandemic highlighted significant gaps in the public health infrastructure impacted by shortages of public health workers, an undertrained workforce, and years of disinvestment. These gaps required innovative probl...The pandemic highlighted significant gaps in the public health infrastructure impacted by shortages of public health workers, an undertrained workforce, and years of disinvestment. These gaps required innovative problem-solving by public health agencies (PHAs), including local health departments (LHDs), to respond to rapidly changing community conditions during and after the pandemic. Many schools and programs of public health (SPPH) worked with PHAs to mobilize public health (PH) students through practice-based teaching (PBT). Current research indicates PBT benefits all stakeholders—PHAs, students, faculty, SPPH, and ultimately the community served. However, more research is needed on the utility of PBT in addressing a community’s systemic public health issues, the extent to which the academic-community collaboration enhances a PHA’s capacity, and the impact of the pedagogy on preparing the workforce for an evolving PH landscape. This paper examines the process of a semester-long PBT course, guided by the PBT STEPS framework, which includes five steps from collaboration to implementation to evaluation of a PBT course. The collaborating PHA and its student group addressed community trauma and resilience issues during the semester. Additionally, it examines the longer-term impacts after the semester for the PHA, community, and the workforce by 1) conducting a formative evaluation to understand needs and gaps in the community;2) redesigning an intervention that merged the results of the formative evaluation with the intervention developed during the semester;and 3) securing funding and resources for intervention sustainability. Through the documentation of a post-course partnership between an LHD and faculty at a large school of public health, this case study illustrates the potential for PBT to lay the foundation for ongoing research that supports more impactful interventions for PHAs while bolstering the workforce abilities of students as future practitioners.展开更多
The coordinated regional development strategy,recognized as one of China’s seven development strategies,plays a crucial role in reducing regional development disparities,optimizing resource allocation,and facilitatin...The coordinated regional development strategy,recognized as one of China’s seven development strategies,plays a crucial role in reducing regional development disparities,optimizing resource allocation,and facilitating high-quality development.This study analyzes a total of 418 relevant publications from China spanning the years 1998 to 2022.Utilizing CiteSpace software,a visualization analysis of keyword cooccurrence,mutation,and other bibliometric characteristics was conducted.The findings indicate that the number of publications during the specified period exhibited a fluctuating upward trend,with a notable increase observed after 2018.Furthermore,the research demonstrated a weak interdisciplinary crossover and a low intensity of collaboration among authors.The primary thematic areas of focus were identified as follows:connotation,mechanisms,countermeasure and suggestion,and evaluation.展开更多
High-power laser technology is widely used in manufacturing processing,medical diagnosis,and treatment,and is one of the important fields of strategic high-tech competition in China at the moment.In the context of ind...High-power laser technology is widely used in manufacturing processing,medical diagnosis,and treatment,and is one of the important fields of strategic high-tech competition in China at the moment.In the context of industrial upgrading,high-power laser technology plays an important role in leading the development of the manufacturing industry and industrial intelligence.Based on this,this paper carries out research on high-power laser technology and industry,summarizes the basic principle and classification of high-power laser technology,analyzes the current status of high-power laser technology industry,points out the opportunities and challenges faced by the industry development,puts forward suggestions to promote the development of high-power laser technology industry,and to provide an effective reference for the application and development of high-power laser technology.展开更多
Blocking the development of edible mushrooms will affect the production cycle and yield of fruiting bodies.Phenylalanine ammonia lyase(PAL,EC 4.3.1.24.)is an enzyme that catalyzes the deamination of phenylalanine to f...Blocking the development of edible mushrooms will affect the production cycle and yield of fruiting bodies.Phenylalanine ammonia lyase(PAL,EC 4.3.1.24.)is an enzyme that catalyzes the deamination of phenylalanine to form trans-cinnamic acid.Previous studies have shown that a decrease in pal1 gene transcription delays fruiting body development in Pleurotus ostreatus.Herein,we used wild type(WT)and RNA interference(RNAi)strains to study the molecular regulation of pal1 by RNA sequencing and Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation.Our results showed that interference with the pal1 gene resulted in reductions in the total PAL enzyme activity and the total phenol content,as well as an increase in the intracellular H_(2)O_(2)content.RNA-Seq data demonstrated that the significantly enriched KEGG terms were mainly related to the peroxisome pathway,MAPK signaling pathway-yeast and three other pathways,and the catalase(CAT)gene cat1 is also involved in multiple pathways that were enriched above.Exogenous H_(2)O_(2)significantly enhanced the transcription of the cat1 gene and elevated total CAT enzymatic activity.Moreover,the levels of cat1 gene transcription and the total CAT enzymatic activity in the RNAi-pal1 strains gradually become closer to those in the WT strain through the removal of H_(2)O_(2),which indicated that pal1 regulated the expression of cat1 by affecting the intracellular H_(2)O_(2)content.Finally,the overexpression of the cat1 gene in P.ostreatus caused growth retardation,especially during the process of primordia formation.In conclusion,this study demonstrated that PAL1 affects cat1 gene expression through the signaling molecule H_(2)O_(2)and regulates the development of P.ostreatus.The findings of this study enhance our understanding of the molecular developmental mechanism of edible mushrooms.展开更多
This paper makes an in-depth study of the status quo and trend of the development of the big health industry under the background of digitalization,aiming to explore ways to promote the transformation,upgrading and su...This paper makes an in-depth study of the status quo and trend of the development of the big health industry under the background of digitalization,aiming to explore ways to promote the transformation,upgrading and sustainable development of the big health industry through technological innovation and policy guidance,and provide valuable references for the government,enterprises and universities and other stakeholders to promote the high-quality development of the big health industry in the digital era.展开更多
Investigations into rail corrugation within metro systems have traditionally focused on specific mechanisms,thereby limiting the generalizability of proposed theories.Understanding the commonalities in rail corrugatio...Investigations into rail corrugation within metro systems have traditionally focused on specific mechanisms,thereby limiting the generalizability of proposed theories.Understanding the commonalities in rail corrugation across diverse metro lines remains pivotal for elucidating its underlying mechanisms.The present study conducted extensive field surveys and tracking tests across 14 Chinese metro lines.By employing t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding(t-SNE)for dimensional reduction and employing the unsupervised clustering algorithm DBSCAN,the research redefines the classification of metro rail corrugation based on characteristic information.The analysis encompassed spatial distribution and temporal evolution of this phenomenon.Findings revealed that floating slab tracks exhibited the highest proportion of rail corrugation at 47%.Notably,ordinary monolithic bed tracks employing damping fasteners were more prone to inducing rail corrugation.Corrugation primarily manifested in curve sections with radii between 300 and 500 m,featuring ordinary monolithic bed track and steel-spring floating slab track structures,with wavelengths typically between 30 and 120 mm.Stick–slip vibrations of the wheel–rail system maybe led to short-wavelength corrugations(40–60 mm),while longer wavelengths(200–300 mm)exhibited distinct fatigue damage characteristics,mainly observed in steel-spring floating slab tracks and small-radius curve sections of ordinary monolithic bed tracks and ladder sleeper tracks.A classification system comprising 57 correlated features categorized metro rail corrugation into four distinct types.These research outcomes serve as critical benchmarks for validating various theories pertaining to rail corrugation formation.展开更多
As a vital component of the national economic system,the forestry economy plays a significant role in promoting economic and social development.With the increasing emphasis on green and sustainable development,the car...As a vital component of the national economic system,the forestry economy plays a significant role in promoting economic and social development.With the increasing emphasis on green and sustainable development,the carbon sink market has gained widespread attention and experienced rapid expansion,exerting a profound impact on the sustainable development of the forestry economy.In this new stage,deepening the relationship between the carbon sink market and the forestry economy is of great practical significance for enhancing forest coverage,advancing forestry economic growth,and fostering green ecological development.This paper analyzes the impact of the carbon sink market on the sustainable development of the forestry economy and explores specific strategies for its advancement.展开更多
The integrated development of nursing education and innovation&entrepreneurship education is a crucial approach to cultivating high-quality nursing professionals and advancing the discipline of nursing.This paper ...The integrated development of nursing education and innovation&entrepreneurship education is a crucial approach to cultivating high-quality nursing professionals and advancing the discipline of nursing.This paper discusses the main issues currently faced in the integration process and provides reform suggestions from six aspects:curriculum system,teaching methods,practical teaching platforms,project competitions,faculty development,and evaluation systems.These explorations aim to offer theoretical support and practical references for promoting the deep integration of nursing education and innovation&entrepreneurship education,ultimately enhancing students’innovation and entrepreneurial capabilities.展开更多
Software-related security aspects are a growing and legitimate concern,especially with 5G data available just at our palms.To conduct research in this field,periodic comparative analysis is needed with the new techniq...Software-related security aspects are a growing and legitimate concern,especially with 5G data available just at our palms.To conduct research in this field,periodic comparative analysis is needed with the new techniques coming up rapidly.The purpose of this study is to review the recent developments in the field of security integration in the software development lifecycle(SDLC)by analyzing the articles published in the last two decades and to propose a way forward.This review follows Kitchenham’s review protocol.The review has been divided into three main stages including planning,execution,and analysis.From the selected 100 articles,it becomes evident that need of a collaborative approach is necessary for addressing critical software security risks(CSSRs)through effective risk management/estimation techniques.Quantifying risks using a numeric scale enables a comprehensive understanding of their severity,facilitating focused resource allocation and mitigation efforts.Through a comprehensive understanding of potential vulnerabilities and proactive mitigation efforts facilitated by protection poker,organizations can prioritize resources effectively to ensure the successful outcome of projects and initiatives in today’s dynamic threat landscape.The review reveals that threat analysis and security testing are needed to develop automated tools for the future.Accurate estimation of effort required to prioritize potential security risks is a big challenge in software security.The accuracy of effort estimation can be further improved by exploring new techniques,particularly those involving deep learning.It is also imperative to validate these effort estimation methods to ensure all potential security threats are addressed.Another challenge is selecting the right model for each specific security threat.To achieve a comprehensive evaluation,researchers should use well-known benchmark checklists.展开更多
Rural education in China faces significant challenges,including limited resources,declining student enrollment,and frequent school closures.This paper examines the educational leadership and management strategies empl...Rural education in China faces significant challenges,including limited resources,declining student enrollment,and frequent school closures.This paper examines the educational leadership and management strategies employed by Simin Primary School,a century-old rural institution in Zhuji City,which has successfully revitalized its community and attracted students through the innovative practice of nature education.By leveraging local cultural and environmental resources,the school has established a sustainable model for small rural schools.展开更多
基金supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI(grant Nos.23K05678 to IM,19H05711 and 20H00466 to KS)the Joint Research Program of Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation,Gunma University(to KS)。
文摘In eukaryotic cells,organelles in the secretory,lysosomal,and endocytic pathways actively exchange biological materials with each other through intracellular membrane trafficking,which is the process of transporting the cargo of proteins,lipids,and other molecules to appropriate compartments via transport vesicles or intermediates.These processes are strictly regulated by various small GTPases such as the RAS-like in rat brain(RAB)protein family,which is the largest subfamily of the RAS superfamily.Dysfunction of membrane trafficking affects tissue homeostasis and leads to a wide range of diseases,including neurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases.Therefore,it is important to understand the physiological and pathological roles of RAB proteins in brain function.RAB35,a member of the RAB family,is an evolutionarily conserved protein in metazoans.A wide range of studies using cultured mammalian cells and model organisms have revealed that RAB35 mediates various processes such as cytokinesis,endocytic recycling,actin bundling,and cell migration.RAB35 is also involved in neurite outgrowth and turnover of synaptic vesicles.We generated brain-specific Rab35 knockout mice to study the physiological roles of RAB35 in brain development and function.These mice exhibited defects in anxiety-related behaviors and spatial memory.Strikingly,RAB35 is required for the precise positioning of pyramidal neurons during hippocampal development,and thereby for normal hippocampal lamination.In contrast,layer formation in the cerebral cortex occurred superficially,even in the absence of RAB35,suggesting a predominant role for RAB35 in hippocampal development rather than in cerebral cortex development.Recent studies have suggested an association between RAB35 and neurodegenerative diseases,including Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease.In this review,we provide an overview of the current understanding of subcellular functions of RAB35.We also provide insights into the physiological role of RAB35 in mammalian brain development and function,and discuss the involvement of RAB35 dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China,No.2019YFA0110300(to ZG)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81773302(to YF),32070862(to ZG).
文摘Human brain development is a complex process,and animal models often have significant limitations.To address this,researchers have developed pluripotent stem cell-derived three-dimensional structures,known as brain-like organoids,to more accurately model early human brain development and disease.To enable more consistent and intuitive reproduction of early brain development,in this study,we incorporated forebrain organoid culture technology into the traditional unguided method of brain organoid culture.This involved embedding organoids in matrigel for only 7 days during the rapid expansion phase of the neural epithelium and then removing them from the matrigel for further cultivation,resulting in a new type of human brain organoid system.This cerebral organoid system replicated the temporospatial characteristics of early human brain development,including neuroepithelium derivation,neural progenitor cell production and maintenance,neuron differentiation and migration,and cortical layer patterning and formation,providing more consistent and reproducible organoids for developmental modeling and toxicology testing.As a proof of concept,we applied the heavy metal cadmium to this newly improved organoid system to test whether it could be used to evaluate the neurotoxicity of environmental toxins.Brain organoids exposed to cadmium for 7 or 14 days manifested severe damage and abnormalities in their neurodevelopmental patterns,including bursts of cortical cell death and premature differentiation.Cadmium exposure caused progressive depletion of neural progenitor cells and loss of organoid integrity,accompanied by compensatory cell proliferation at ectopic locations.The convenience,flexibility,and controllability of this newly developed organoid platform make it a powerful and affordable alternative to animal models for use in neurodevelopmental,neurological,and neurotoxicological studies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81901156(to ZZ),82271200(to ZZ),82171308(to XC)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,No.xzy012022035(to ZZ)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province,Nos.2021JM-261(to QK),2023-YBSF-303(to ZZ)Traditional Chinese Medicine Project of Shaanxi Province,No.2019-ZZ-JC047(to QK)。
文摘The organotypic retinal explant culture has been established for more than a decade and offers a range of unique advantages compared with in vivo experiments and cell cultures.However,the lack of systematic and continuous comparison between in vivo retinal development and the organotypic retinal explant culture makes this model controversial in postnatal retinal development studies.Thus,we aimed to verify the feasibility of using this model for postnatal retinal development studies by comparing it with the in vivo retina.In this study,we showed that postnatal retinal explants undergo normal development,and exhibit a consistent structure and timeline with retinas in vivo.Initially,we used SOX2 and PAX6 immunostaining to identify retinal progenitor cells.We then examined cell proliferation and migration by immunostaining with Ki-67 and doublecortin,respectively.Ki-67-and doublecortin-positive cells decreased in both in vivo and explants during postnatal retinogenesis,and exhibited a high degree of similarity in abundance and distribution between groups.Additionally,we used Ceh-10 homeodomain-containing homolog,glutamate-ammonia ligase(glutamine synthetase),neuronal nuclei,and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 immunostaining to examine the emergence of bipolar cells,Müller glia,mature neurons,and microglia,respectively.The timing and spatial patterns of the emergence of these cell types were remarkably consistent between in vivo and explant retinas.Our study showed that the organotypic retinal explant culture model had a high degree of consistency with the progression of in vivo early postnatal retina development.The findings confirm the accuracy and credibility of this model and support its use for long-term,systematic,and continuous observation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant No.71834003,72204111]the Major Program of National Social Science Foundation of China[Grant No.21&ZD110,22ZDA113].
文摘The Chinese government promises to reach the carbon emission peak by 2030 and achieve the carbon neutrality by 2060.Renewable energy development is important for achieving this target.Local governments’behaviors and attitudes might be influenced by neighbors.Therefore,this study uses simultaneous autoregressive models(SAR)to examine the peer effects on renewable energy development across China’s provinces and explain the imbalanced renewable energy developments across regions in China.The results exemplified:①The peer effects exist in China and the endogenous interaction is the main cause.②The interaction between geographically adjacent provinces have greatest peer effects.③Both competition mechanism and learning mechanism induce the peer effects and the imbalanced development.This research introduces energy-related peer effects at the provincial level to reflect the preferences of governments and reveal the underlying mechanisms involved.It also provides suggestions to policy makers:①Select developed provinces as the frontrunner to promote the renewable energy development in neighboring areas.②Regional renewable energy development policies need to be considered.③Central government should consider adding“green growth indicators”into evaluation system to avoid the asymmetrical incentives policies between economic growth and environmental protection.
基金supported by Exploring Visitor Satisfaction at Hunan's National Eco-Tourism Demonstration Zone in the Post-Pandemic Era:A Study(20YBA188)a project titled"Ecological and Limnological Study of the Zayibar International Wetland,Aiming to Provide Restoration Solutions"(S/01/9/10225),conducted at the Kurdistan Studies Research Institute,University of Kurdistan,in 2024。
文摘Creative tourism is a dynamic and innovative approach to tourism,which points out the importance of people's active participation and their immersion in such experiences.In a vernacular context,it should attract people(local and tourists)attention to accomplish its main goals.Despite its rich cultural and natural assets,Kurdistan province faces several challenges that impact its tourism potential.To achieve that,the study uses quantitative approach to thoroughly analyze and evaluate the components of creative tourism in this province.The research focuses on tourists who visited the province's ten towns during the spring and summer of 2023.Data collection utilized a Likert-scale questionnaire ranging from"very good"to"very poor".The study employed a semistructured questionnaire developed through qualitative interviews alongside a researcher-made questionnaire validated by experts from the University of Kurdistan.The qualitative questionnaire achieved a high-reliability score of 93%using Cronbach's alpha coefficient.In-depth interviews and literary research were conducted to identify creative tourism components and indicators,informing the development of a quantitative questionnaire.Data analysis was performed using SPSS 20 and AMOS software to scrutinize the survey findings,providing insights into enhancing creative tourism strategies in Kurdistan province.The results reveal the varying significance of these dimensions,with the cultural dimension identified as the most crucial(factor loading:0.95),followed by the social(0.92),economic(0.88),and managerial/political dimensions(0.83).The study highlights the importance of cultural planning,community engagement,and infrastructural support in fostering creative tourism.Furthermore,it explores the impact of creative industries,such as music and arts rooted in Kurdish culture,on tourism development.Economic diversification and spatialphysical considerations are critical factors in enhancing Kurdistan's appeal as a creative tourism destination,emphasizing sustainable growth and cultural preservation.
文摘Cracks are important migration channels and storage spaces for oil and gas, and the peripheral cracks in the Ordos Basin have developed extensively after multiple tectonic movements. Using unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photogrammetry technology to obtain field outcrop image data and establish a three-dimensional model for observation, the NEE and NNW fractures are the most developed in the Yanchang Formation of the study area, while the NW and NNE fractures are slightly developed, all of which are high angle vertical fractures and belong to regional structural fractures. The NNW oriented cracks are restricted by the NEE oriented cracks and developed in the late stage. Combined with the analysis of regional geological background, fracture intersection relationship and tectonic stress field, it is considered that there are two stages of fractures in Dongjiahe, namely, the late Indosinian and Yanshanian.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52074045,52274074)the Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Chongqing(CSTB2022NSCQ-JQX0028).
文摘Developing deep fragmented soft coalbed methane(CBM)can significantly enhance domestic natural gas supplies,reduce reliance on imported energy,and bolster national energy security.This manuscript provides a comprehensive review of commonly employed coalbed methane extraction technologies.It then delves into several critical issues in the current stage of CBM exploration and development in China,including the compatibility of existing technologies with CBM reservoirs,the characteristics and occurrence states of CBM reservoirs,critical desorption pressure,and gas generation mechanisms.Our research indicates that current CBM exploration and development technologies in China have reached an internationally advanced level,yet the industry is facing unprecedented challenges.Despite progress in low-permeability,high-value coal seams,significant breakthroughs have not been achieved in exploring other types of coal seams.For different coal reservoirs,integrated extraction technologies have been developed,such as surface pre-depressurisation and segmented hydraulic fracturing of coal seam roof strata.Additionally,techniques like large-scale volume fracturing in horizontal wells have been established,significantly enhancing reservoir stimulation effects and coalbed methane recovery rates.However,all of these technologies are fundamentally based on permeation.These technologies lack direct methods aimed at enhancing the diffusion rate of CBM,thereby failing to fully reflect the unique characteristics of CBM.Current CBM exploration and development theories and technologies are not universally applicable to all coal seams.They do not adequately account for the predominantly adsorbed state of CBM,and the complex and variable gas generation mechanisms further constrain CBM development in China.Finally,continuous exploration of new deep CBM exploration technologies is necessary.Integrating more effective reservoir stimulation technologies is essential to enhance technical adaptability concerning CBM reservoir characteristics,gas occurrence states,and gas generation mechanisms,ultimately achieving efficient CBM development.We conclude that while China possesses a substantial foundation of deep fractured CBM resources,industry development is constrained and requires continuous exploration of new CBM exploration and development technologies to utilize these resources effectively.
文摘This study investigates the critical intersection of cyberpsychology and cybersecurity policy development in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Through a mixed-methods approach incorporating surveys of 523 employees across 78 SMEs, qualitative interviews, and case studies, the research examines how psychological factors influence cybersecurity behaviors and policy effectiveness. Key findings reveal significant correlations between psychological factors and security outcomes, including the relationship between self-efficacy and policy compliance (r = 0.42, p β = 0.37, p < 0.001). The study identifies critical challenges in risk perception, policy complexity, and organizational culture affecting SME cybersecurity implementation. Results demonstrate that successful cybersecurity initiatives require the integration of psychological principles with technical solutions. The research provides a framework for developing human-centric security policies that address both behavioral and technical aspects of cybersecurity in resource-constrained environments.
文摘This paper explores the essential role of art education in adolescents’cultural development.By examining the influence of art education on adolescents’aesthetic abilities and observing the cultural stories behind artworks,this paper aims to underscore the importance of art education in nurturing knowledge,fostering cultural identity,and encouraging cross-cultural understanding.Suggestions are put forward correspondingly to ensure the quality of art education and improve adolescents’cultural literacy.
文摘The development of communication networks is currently undergoing a period of transformation.This paper illustrates this transformation from the growth rate of communication users,network bandwidth,and service revenue.We also analyze the shift in the focus of network technology development from aspects such as information sources,mobile terminals,wireless channels,core networks,edge clouds,data perception,and artificial intelligence.Finally,we briefly outline the new paradigm for network research and development(R&D)in the intelligent era.
文摘The pandemic highlighted significant gaps in the public health infrastructure impacted by shortages of public health workers, an undertrained workforce, and years of disinvestment. These gaps required innovative problem-solving by public health agencies (PHAs), including local health departments (LHDs), to respond to rapidly changing community conditions during and after the pandemic. Many schools and programs of public health (SPPH) worked with PHAs to mobilize public health (PH) students through practice-based teaching (PBT). Current research indicates PBT benefits all stakeholders—PHAs, students, faculty, SPPH, and ultimately the community served. However, more research is needed on the utility of PBT in addressing a community’s systemic public health issues, the extent to which the academic-community collaboration enhances a PHA’s capacity, and the impact of the pedagogy on preparing the workforce for an evolving PH landscape. This paper examines the process of a semester-long PBT course, guided by the PBT STEPS framework, which includes five steps from collaboration to implementation to evaluation of a PBT course. The collaborating PHA and its student group addressed community trauma and resilience issues during the semester. Additionally, it examines the longer-term impacts after the semester for the PHA, community, and the workforce by 1) conducting a formative evaluation to understand needs and gaps in the community;2) redesigning an intervention that merged the results of the formative evaluation with the intervention developed during the semester;and 3) securing funding and resources for intervention sustainability. Through the documentation of a post-course partnership between an LHD and faculty at a large school of public health, this case study illustrates the potential for PBT to lay the foundation for ongoing research that supports more impactful interventions for PHAs while bolstering the workforce abilities of students as future practitioners.
文摘The coordinated regional development strategy,recognized as one of China’s seven development strategies,plays a crucial role in reducing regional development disparities,optimizing resource allocation,and facilitating high-quality development.This study analyzes a total of 418 relevant publications from China spanning the years 1998 to 2022.Utilizing CiteSpace software,a visualization analysis of keyword cooccurrence,mutation,and other bibliometric characteristics was conducted.The findings indicate that the number of publications during the specified period exhibited a fluctuating upward trend,with a notable increase observed after 2018.Furthermore,the research demonstrated a weak interdisciplinary crossover and a low intensity of collaboration among authors.The primary thematic areas of focus were identified as follows:connotation,mechanisms,countermeasure and suggestion,and evaluation.
文摘High-power laser technology is widely used in manufacturing processing,medical diagnosis,and treatment,and is one of the important fields of strategic high-tech competition in China at the moment.In the context of industrial upgrading,high-power laser technology plays an important role in leading the development of the manufacturing industry and industrial intelligence.Based on this,this paper carries out research on high-power laser technology and industry,summarizes the basic principle and classification of high-power laser technology,analyzes the current status of high-power laser technology industry,points out the opportunities and challenges faced by the industry development,puts forward suggestions to promote the development of high-power laser technology industry,and to provide an effective reference for the application and development of high-power laser technology.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD1200600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32002110)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-20)。
文摘Blocking the development of edible mushrooms will affect the production cycle and yield of fruiting bodies.Phenylalanine ammonia lyase(PAL,EC 4.3.1.24.)is an enzyme that catalyzes the deamination of phenylalanine to form trans-cinnamic acid.Previous studies have shown that a decrease in pal1 gene transcription delays fruiting body development in Pleurotus ostreatus.Herein,we used wild type(WT)and RNA interference(RNAi)strains to study the molecular regulation of pal1 by RNA sequencing and Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation.Our results showed that interference with the pal1 gene resulted in reductions in the total PAL enzyme activity and the total phenol content,as well as an increase in the intracellular H_(2)O_(2)content.RNA-Seq data demonstrated that the significantly enriched KEGG terms were mainly related to the peroxisome pathway,MAPK signaling pathway-yeast and three other pathways,and the catalase(CAT)gene cat1 is also involved in multiple pathways that were enriched above.Exogenous H_(2)O_(2)significantly enhanced the transcription of the cat1 gene and elevated total CAT enzymatic activity.Moreover,the levels of cat1 gene transcription and the total CAT enzymatic activity in the RNAi-pal1 strains gradually become closer to those in the WT strain through the removal of H_(2)O_(2),which indicated that pal1 regulated the expression of cat1 by affecting the intracellular H_(2)O_(2)content.Finally,the overexpression of the cat1 gene in P.ostreatus caused growth retardation,especially during the process of primordia formation.In conclusion,this study demonstrated that PAL1 affects cat1 gene expression through the signaling molecule H_(2)O_(2)and regulates the development of P.ostreatus.The findings of this study enhance our understanding of the molecular developmental mechanism of edible mushrooms.
文摘This paper makes an in-depth study of the status quo and trend of the development of the big health industry under the background of digitalization,aiming to explore ways to promote the transformation,upgrading and sustainable development of the big health industry through technological innovation and policy guidance,and provide valuable references for the government,enterprises and universities and other stakeholders to promote the high-quality development of the big health industry in the digital era.
基金support extended by the Joint Funds of Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation and Fengtai Rail Transit Frontier Research(Grant No.L211006)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Science and technology leading talent team project,Grant No.2022JBXT010)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2023YJS052)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52308426)。
文摘Investigations into rail corrugation within metro systems have traditionally focused on specific mechanisms,thereby limiting the generalizability of proposed theories.Understanding the commonalities in rail corrugation across diverse metro lines remains pivotal for elucidating its underlying mechanisms.The present study conducted extensive field surveys and tracking tests across 14 Chinese metro lines.By employing t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding(t-SNE)for dimensional reduction and employing the unsupervised clustering algorithm DBSCAN,the research redefines the classification of metro rail corrugation based on characteristic information.The analysis encompassed spatial distribution and temporal evolution of this phenomenon.Findings revealed that floating slab tracks exhibited the highest proportion of rail corrugation at 47%.Notably,ordinary monolithic bed tracks employing damping fasteners were more prone to inducing rail corrugation.Corrugation primarily manifested in curve sections with radii between 300 and 500 m,featuring ordinary monolithic bed track and steel-spring floating slab track structures,with wavelengths typically between 30 and 120 mm.Stick–slip vibrations of the wheel–rail system maybe led to short-wavelength corrugations(40–60 mm),while longer wavelengths(200–300 mm)exhibited distinct fatigue damage characteristics,mainly observed in steel-spring floating slab tracks and small-radius curve sections of ordinary monolithic bed tracks and ladder sleeper tracks.A classification system comprising 57 correlated features categorized metro rail corrugation into four distinct types.These research outcomes serve as critical benchmarks for validating various theories pertaining to rail corrugation formation.
文摘As a vital component of the national economic system,the forestry economy plays a significant role in promoting economic and social development.With the increasing emphasis on green and sustainable development,the carbon sink market has gained widespread attention and experienced rapid expansion,exerting a profound impact on the sustainable development of the forestry economy.In this new stage,deepening the relationship between the carbon sink market and the forestry economy is of great practical significance for enhancing forest coverage,advancing forestry economic growth,and fostering green ecological development.This paper analyzes the impact of the carbon sink market on the sustainable development of the forestry economy and explores specific strategies for its advancement.
基金supported by the Key Teaching Reform and Practice Project of Pingdingshan University in 2023,titled“Research and Practice on Innovation and Entrepreneurship Pathways for Medical Students under the New Medical Discipline Framework”(Project No.2023-JYZD15)Additionally,this study received support from the Henan Province Higher Education Teaching Reform Research and Practice Project,titled“Research on the Integration Path of Medical Education and Innovation&Entrepreneurship Education under the‘Project-based+Mentorship System’Model”(Project No.2024SJGLX0495).
文摘The integrated development of nursing education and innovation&entrepreneurship education is a crucial approach to cultivating high-quality nursing professionals and advancing the discipline of nursing.This paper discusses the main issues currently faced in the integration process and provides reform suggestions from six aspects:curriculum system,teaching methods,practical teaching platforms,project competitions,faculty development,and evaluation systems.These explorations aim to offer theoretical support and practical references for promoting the deep integration of nursing education and innovation&entrepreneurship education,ultimately enhancing students’innovation and entrepreneurial capabilities.
文摘Software-related security aspects are a growing and legitimate concern,especially with 5G data available just at our palms.To conduct research in this field,periodic comparative analysis is needed with the new techniques coming up rapidly.The purpose of this study is to review the recent developments in the field of security integration in the software development lifecycle(SDLC)by analyzing the articles published in the last two decades and to propose a way forward.This review follows Kitchenham’s review protocol.The review has been divided into three main stages including planning,execution,and analysis.From the selected 100 articles,it becomes evident that need of a collaborative approach is necessary for addressing critical software security risks(CSSRs)through effective risk management/estimation techniques.Quantifying risks using a numeric scale enables a comprehensive understanding of their severity,facilitating focused resource allocation and mitigation efforts.Through a comprehensive understanding of potential vulnerabilities and proactive mitigation efforts facilitated by protection poker,organizations can prioritize resources effectively to ensure the successful outcome of projects and initiatives in today’s dynamic threat landscape.The review reveals that threat analysis and security testing are needed to develop automated tools for the future.Accurate estimation of effort required to prioritize potential security risks is a big challenge in software security.The accuracy of effort estimation can be further improved by exploring new techniques,particularly those involving deep learning.It is also imperative to validate these effort estimation methods to ensure all potential security threats are addressed.Another challenge is selecting the right model for each specific security threat.To achieve a comprehensive evaluation,researchers should use well-known benchmark checklists.
文摘Rural education in China faces significant challenges,including limited resources,declining student enrollment,and frequent school closures.This paper examines the educational leadership and management strategies employed by Simin Primary School,a century-old rural institution in Zhuji City,which has successfully revitalized its community and attracted students through the innovative practice of nature education.By leveraging local cultural and environmental resources,the school has established a sustainable model for small rural schools.
