Solvent extraction,a separation and purification technology,is crucial in critical metal metallurgy.Organic solvents commonly used in solvent extraction exhibit disadvantages,such as high volatility,high toxicity,and ...Solvent extraction,a separation and purification technology,is crucial in critical metal metallurgy.Organic solvents commonly used in solvent extraction exhibit disadvantages,such as high volatility,high toxicity,and flammability,causing a spectrum of hazards to human health and environmental safety.Neoteric solvents have been recognized as potential alternatives to these harmful organic solvents.In the past two decades,several neoteric solvents have been proposed,including ionic liquids(ILs)and deep eutectic solvents(DESs).DESs have gradually become the focus of green solvents owing to several advantages,namely,low toxicity,degradability,and low cost.In this critical review,their classification,formation mechanisms,preparation methods,characterization technologies,and special physicochemical properties based on the most recent advancements in research have been systematically described.Subsequently,the major separation and purification applications of DESs in critical metal metallurgy were comprehensively summarized.Finally,future opportunities and challenges of DESs were explored in the current research area.In conclusion,this review provides valuable insights for improving our overall understanding of DESs,and it holds important potential for expanding separation and purification applications in critical metal metallurgy.展开更多
Mixed matrix membranes(MMMs)have demonstrated significant promise in energy-intensive gas separations by amalgamating the unique properties of fillers with the facile processability of polymers.However,achieving a sim...Mixed matrix membranes(MMMs)have demonstrated significant promise in energy-intensive gas separations by amalgamating the unique properties of fillers with the facile processability of polymers.However,achieving a simultaneous enhancement of permeability and selectivity remains a formidable challenge,due to the difficulty of achieving an optimal match between polymers and fillers.In this study,we incorporate a porous carbon-based zinc oxide composite(C@ZnO)into high-permeability polymers of intrinsic microporosity(PIMs)to fabricate MMMs.The dipole–dipole interaction between C@ZnO and PIMs ensures their exceptional compatibility,mitigating the formation of non-selective voids in the resulting MMMs.Concurrently,C@ZnO with abundant interconnected pores can provide additional low-resistance pathways for gas transport in MMMs.As a result,the CO_(2) permeability of the optimized C@ZnO/PIM-1 MMMs is elevated to 13,215 barrer,while the CO_(2)/N_(2) and CO_(2)/CH_(4) selectivity reached 21.5 and 14.4,respectively,substantially surpassing the 2008 Robeson upper bound.Additionally,molecular simulation results further corroborate that the augmented membrane gas selectivity is attributed to the superior CO_(2) affinity of C@ZnO.In summary,we believe that this work not only expands the application of MMMs for gas separation but also heralds a paradigm shift in the application of porous carbon materials.展开更多
n-octylphosphonic acid(OPA)was introduced as a novel collector for ilmenite flotation and its effectiveness was compared with the conventional chelating collector,benzohydroxamic acid(BHA).Micro-flotation tests demons...n-octylphosphonic acid(OPA)was introduced as a novel collector for ilmenite flotation and its effectiveness was compared with the conventional chelating collector,benzohydroxamic acid(BHA).Micro-flotation tests demonstrated that OPA was a highly effective and selective collector for separating ilmenite from titanaugite over acidic conditions(optimal pH around 3),which was also supported by adsorption amount measurements.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)tests indicated that the chemisorption of OPA onto ilmenite surface was much stronger than that of BHA.Solution chemistry diagram analyses indicated that OPA could dissociate well at pH 3.0 and mostly exist in anion form.DFT calculations further confirmed that OPA was much easier to adsorb onto ilmenite surface with shorter bond length and lower adsorption energy in comparison with BHA.Therefore,OPA maintained good collecting ability and selectivity for ilmenite flotation in the strongly acidic pulp,providing valuable insights into new collector design and development.展开更多
Mineral fulvic acid(MFA)was used as an eco-friendly pyrite depressant to recover chalcopyrite by flotation with the use of the butyl xanthate as a collector.Flotation experiments showed that MFA produced a stronger in...Mineral fulvic acid(MFA)was used as an eco-friendly pyrite depressant to recover chalcopyrite by flotation with the use of the butyl xanthate as a collector.Flotation experiments showed that MFA produced a stronger inhibition effect on pyrite than on chalcopyrite.The separation of chalcopyrite from pyrite was realized by introducing 150 mg/L MFA at a pulp pH of approximately 8.0.The copper grade,copper recovery,and separation efficiency were 28.03%,84.79%,and 71.66%,respectively.Surface adsorption tests,zeta potential determinations,and localized electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests showed that more MFA adsorbed on pyrite than on chalcopyrite,which weakened the subsequent interactions between pyrite and the collector.Atomic force microscope imaging further confirmed the adsorption of MFA on pyrite,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicated that hydrophilic Fe-based species on the pyrite surfaces increased after exposure of pyrite to MFA,thereby decreasing the floatability of pyrite.展开更多
The separation of lithium isotopes (^(6)Li and ^(7)Li) is of great importance for the nuclear industry.The lithium amalgam method is the only lithium isotopes separation process in industry,and the extensive use of me...The separation of lithium isotopes (^(6)Li and ^(7)Li) is of great importance for the nuclear industry.The lithium amalgam method is the only lithium isotopes separation process in industry,and the extensive use of mercury has raised concerns about its potential environmental hazards,which have prompted the search for more efficient and environmentally friendly alternatives.Crown ethers can bind lithium ions highly selectively and separate lithium isotopes effectively.A chemical exchange-based lithium isotopes separation method using crown ether decorated materials could be a viable and cost-effective alternative to the lithium amalgam method.In this review,we provide a systematic summary of the recent advances in lithium isotopes separation using crown ethers decorated materials.展开更多
The research,fabrication and development of piezoelectric nanofibrous materials offer effective solutions to the challenges related to energy consumption and non-renewable resources.However,enhancing their electrical ...The research,fabrication and development of piezoelectric nanofibrous materials offer effective solutions to the challenges related to energy consumption and non-renewable resources.However,enhancing their electrical output still remains a significant challenge.Here,a strategy of inducing constrained phase separation on single nanofibers via shear force was proposed.Employing electrospinning technology,a polyacrylonitrile/polyvinylidene difluoride(PAN/PVDF)nanofibrous membrane was fabricated in one step,which enabled simultaneous piezoelectric and triboelectric conversion within a single-layer membrane.Each nanofiber contained independent components of PAN and PVDF and exhibited a rough surface.The abundant frictional contact points formed between these heterogeneous components contributed to an enhanced endogenous triboelectric output,showcasing an excellent synergistic effect of piezoelectric and triboelectric response in the nanofibrous membrane.Additionally,the component mass ratio influenced the microstructure,piezoelectric conformation and piezoelectric performance of the PAN/PVDF nanofibrous membranes.Through comprehensive performance comparison,the optimal mass ratio of PAN to PVDF was determined to be 9∶1.The piezoelectric devices made of the optimal PAN/PVDF nanofibrous membranes with rough nanofiber surfaces generated an output voltage of 20 V,which was about 1.8 times that of the smooth one at the same component mass ratio.The strategy of constrained phase separation on the surface of individual nanofibers provides a new approach to enhance the output performance of single-layer piezoelectric nanofibrous materials.展开更多
Membrane technology holds significant potential for augmenting or partially substituting conventional separation techniques,such as heatdriven distillation,thereby reducing energy consumption.Organic solvent nanofiltr...Membrane technology holds significant potential for augmenting or partially substituting conventional separation techniques,such as heatdriven distillation,thereby reducing energy consumption.Organic solvent nanofiltration represents an advanced membrane separation technology capable of discerning molecules within a molecular weight range of approximately 100-1000 Da in organic solvents,offering low energy requirements and minimal carbon footprints.Molecular separation in non-polar solvent system,such as toluene,n-hexane,and n-heptane,has gained paramount importance due to their extensive use in the pharmaceutical,biochemical,and petrochemical industries.In this review,we presented recent advancements in membrane materials,membrane fabrication techniques and their promising applications for separation in nonpolar solvent system,encompassing hydrocarbon separation,bioactive molecule purification and organic solvent recovery.Furthermore,this review highlighted the challenges and opportunities associated with membrane scale-up strategies and the direct translation of this promising technology into industrial applications.展开更多
The capture of CO_(2)from CO_(2)/H_(2)gas mixtures in syngas is a crucial issue for hydrogen production from steam methane reforming in industry,as the presence of CO_(2)directly affects the purity of H_(2).A combinat...The capture of CO_(2)from CO_(2)/H_(2)gas mixtures in syngas is a crucial issue for hydrogen production from steam methane reforming in industry,as the presence of CO_(2)directly affects the purity of H_(2).A combination of a high-throughput screening method and grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation was utilized to evaluate and screen 1725 metal–organic frameworks(MOFs)in detail as a means of determining their adsorption performance for CO_(2)/H_(2)gas mixtures.The adsorption and separation performance of double-linker MOFs was comprehensively evaluated using eight evaluation indicators,namely,the largest cavity diameter,accessible surface area,pore occupied accessible volume,porosity,adsorption selectivity,working capacity,adsorbent performance score and percent regeneration.Six optimal performance frameworks were screened to further study their single-component adsorption and binary competitive adsorption of CO_(2)/H_(2)respectively.The CO_(2)adsorption selectivity at different CO_(2)/H_(2)feed ratios was also evaluated,which indicated their excellent adsorption and separation performance.The microscopic adsorption mechanisms for CO_(2)and H_(2)at the molecular level were investigated by analyzing the radial distribution function and density distribution.This study may provide directional guidance and reference for subsequent experiments on the adsorption and separation of CO_(2)/H_(2).展开更多
Polymers of intrinsic microporosity(PIMs)have received considerable attention for making high-performance membranes for carbon dioxide separation over the last two decades,owing to their highly permeable porous struct...Polymers of intrinsic microporosity(PIMs)have received considerable attention for making high-performance membranes for carbon dioxide separation over the last two decades,owing to their highly permeable porous structures.However,challenges regarding its relatively low selectivity,physical aging,and plasticisation impede relevant industrial adoptions for gas separation.To address these issues,several strategies including chain modification,post-modification,blending with other polymers,and the addition of fillers,have been developed and explored.PIM-1 is the most investigated PIMs,and hence here we review the stateof-the-arts of the modification strategies of PIM-1 critically and discuss the progress achieved for addressing the aforementioned challenges via meta-analysis.Additionally,the development of PIM-1-based thin film composite membranes is commented as well,shedding light on their potential in industrial gas separation.We hope that the review can be a timely snapshot of the relevant state-of-the-arts of PIMs guiding future design and optimisation of PIMs-based membranes for enhanced performance towards a higher technology readiness level for practical applications.展开更多
Removing H_(2)S and CO_(2)is of great significance for natural gas purification.With excellent gas affinity and tunable structure,ionic liquids(ILs) have been regarded as nontrivial candidates for fabricating polymer-...Removing H_(2)S and CO_(2)is of great significance for natural gas purification.With excellent gas affinity and tunable structure,ionic liquids(ILs) have been regarded as nontrivial candidates for fabricating polymer-based membranes.Herein,we firstly reported the incorporation of protic ILs (PILs) having ether-rich and carboxylate sites (ECPILs) into poly(ether-block-amide)(Pebax) matrix for efficient separation H_(2)S and CO_(2)from CH_(4).Notably,the optimal permeability of H_(2)S reaches up to 4310 Barrer (40C,0.50 bar) in Pebax/ECPIL membranes,along with H_(2)S/CH_(4)and (H_(2)StCO_(2))/CH_(4)selectivity of 97.7 and 112.3,respectively.These values are increased by 1125%,160.8%and 145.9%compared to those in neat Pebax membrane.Additionally,the solubility and diffusion coefficients of the gases were measured,demonstrating that ECPIL can simultaneously strengthen the dissolution and diffusion of H_(2)S and CO_(2),thus elevating the permeability and permselectivity.By using quantum chemical calculations and FT-IR spectroscopy,the highly reversible multi-site hydrogen bonding interaction between ECPILs and H_(2)S was revealed,which is responsible for the fast permeation of H_(2)S and good selectivity.Furthermore,H_(2)S/CO_(2)/CH_(4)(3/3/94 mol/mol) ternary mixed gas can be efficiently and stably separated by Pebax/ECPIL membrane for at least 100 h.Overall,this work not only illustrates that PILs with ether-rich and carboxylate hydrogen bonding sites are outstanding materials for simultaneous removal of H_(2)S and CO_(2),but may also provide a novel insight into the design of membrane materials for natural gas upgrading.展开更多
In this paper,the effect of vibration intensity on the spatial distribution of sulfur content in bed particles was studied.The effects of vibration and airflow on the mechanical characteristics of particles were studi...In this paper,the effect of vibration intensity on the spatial distribution of sulfur content in bed particles was studied.The effects of vibration and airflow on the mechanical characteristics of particles were studied,the collision behavior mode of particles was determined,the spatial saltation law of particles was investigated,the spatial functional axis of beds was determined,and the saltation separation period of particles was determined.The test results show that:When separation bed provides inlet airflow velocity(U_(in)) is 2.55 m/s,the airflow distribution interval of I,II and III areas were U_(I)=2.55-2.57 m/s,U_(II)=1.33-1.35 m/s,U_(III)=0.35-0.38 m/s,respectively;when separation bed vibration amplitude (A)A=2.4-2.5 mm,separation bed vibration frequency (f) f=23-24 Hz,the desulfurization effect is the best.When vibration intensity (Γ)Γ=1.22,U_(in)=1.05 m/s,the particles have disordered contact and collision behavior.WhenΓ=14.89,U_(in)=3.18 m/s,the particles have a transition cataclastic collision.WhenΓ=5.80,U_(in)=2.55 m/s,the particles have directional collision behavior.It is determined that the OX axis is the transverse stable diffusion axis of the material,the OY axis is the longitudinal gradient transport axis of the material,and the OZ axis is the vertical density cascade distribution axis of the material.When separation time (T) T=0-10 s was the period of disorderly diffusion and mixing of particles,T=10-20 s was the period of directional migration and stratification of particles,and T=20-30 s was the period of cascade distribution and separation of particles.Finally,separation experiments conducted under optimal operating parameters demonstrated that the clean coal yield was 72.02%with a sulfur content of 0.98%.展开更多
Flotation separation of magnesite and its calcium-containing carbonate minerals is a difficult problem.Recently,new regulat-ors have been proposed for magnesite flotation decalcification,although traditional regulator...Flotation separation of magnesite and its calcium-containing carbonate minerals is a difficult problem.Recently,new regulat-ors have been proposed for magnesite flotation decalcification,although traditional regulators such as tannin,water glass,sodium carbon-ate,and sodium hexametaphosphate are more widely used in industry.However,they are rarely used as the main regulators in research because they perform poorly in magnesite and dolomite single-mineral flotation tests.Inspired by the limonite presedimentation method and the addition of a regulator to magnesite slurry mixing,we used a tannin pretreatment method for separating magnesite and dolomite.Microflotation experiments confirmed that the tannin pretreatment method selectively and largely reduces the flotation recovery rate of dolomite without affecting the flotation recovery rate of magnesite.Moreover,the contact angles of the tannin-pretreated magnesite and dolomite increased and decreased,respectively,in the presence of NaOl.Zeta potential and Fourier transform infrared analyses showed that the tannin pretreatment method efficiently hinders NaOl adsorption on the dolomite surface but does not affect NaOl adsorption on the magnesite surface.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations confirmed that tannin interacts more strongly with dolomite than with magnesite.展开更多
Direct air capture(DAC)has attracted increasing interest and investment over the past few years.There are a fast-growing number of companies that entered the field and demonstrated DAC carbon removal setups and potent...Direct air capture(DAC)has attracted increasing interest and investment over the past few years.There are a fast-growing number of companies that entered the field and demonstrated DAC carbon removal setups and potential.However,current DAC methods are still based on solid absorbents or alkali solutions approaches which have low capture efficiency and low energy efficiency.This highlight proposed a promising CO_(2) capture technology,an electric energy driven closed-loop system for the direct removal of CO_(2) from ambient air which are based on two individual technologies:Polyam-N-Cu hybrid system promoted CO_(2) capture with ocean as anthropogenic CO_(2) sink and a chloride-mediated electrochemical pH swing system to remove CO_(2) from oceanwater.展开更多
The flotation separation of Cu–Fe sulfide minerals at low alkalinity can be achieved using selective depressants.In the flotation system of Cu–Fe sulfide minerals,depressants usually preferentially interact with the...The flotation separation of Cu–Fe sulfide minerals at low alkalinity can be achieved using selective depressants.In the flotation system of Cu–Fe sulfide minerals,depressants usually preferentially interact with the pyrite surface to render the mineral surface hydrophilic and hinder the adsorption of the collector.This review summarizes the advances in depressants for the flotation separation of Cu–Fe sulfide minerals at low alkalinity.These advances include use of inorganic depressants (oxidants and sulfur–oxygen compounds),natural polysaccharides (starch,dextrin,konjac glucomannan,and galactomannan),modified polymers (carboxymethyl cellulose,polyacrylamide,lignosulfonate,and tricarboxylate sodium starch),organic acids (polyglutamic acid,sodium humate,tannic acid,pyrogallic acid,salicylic acid,and lactic acid),sodium dimethyl dithiocarbamate,and diethylenetriamine.The potential application of specific inorganic and organic depressants in the flotation separation of Cu–Fe sulfide minerals at low alkalinity is reviewed.The advances in the use of organic depressants with respect to the flotation separation of Cu–Fe sulfide minerals are comprehensively detailed.Additionally,the depression performances and mechanisms of different types of organic depressants on mineral surfaces are summarized.Finally,several perspectives on depressants vis-à-vis flotation separation of Cu–Fe sulfide minerals at low alkalinity are proposed.展开更多
This paper proposes luteolin(LUT)as a novel depressant for the flotation-based separation of scheelite and calcite in a sodium oleate(NaOL)system.The suitability of LUT as a calcite depressant is confirmed through mic...This paper proposes luteolin(LUT)as a novel depressant for the flotation-based separation of scheelite and calcite in a sodium oleate(NaOL)system.The suitability of LUT as a calcite depressant is confirmed through micro-flotation testing.At pH=9,with LUT concentration of 50 mg·L^(-1) and NaOL concentration of 50 mg·L^(-1),scheelite recovery reaches 80.3%.Calcite,on the other hand,exhibits a recovery rate of 17.6%,indicating a significant difference in floatability between the two minerals.Subsequently,the surface modifica-tions of scheelite and calcite following LUT treatment are characterized using adsorption capacity testing,Zeta potential analysis,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and atomic force microscopy(AFM).The study in-vestigates the selective depressant mechanism of LUT on calcite.Adsorption capacity testing and Zeta potential analysis demonstrate sub-stantial absorption of LUT on the surface of calcite,impeding the further adsorption of sodium oleate,while its impact on scheelite is min-imal.FT-IR and XPS analyses reveal the selective adsorption of LUT onto the surface of calcite,forming strong chemisorption bonds between the hydroxyl group and calcium ions present.AFM directly illustrates the distinct adsorption densities of LUT on the two miner-al types.Consequently,LUT can effectively serve as a depressant for calcite,enabling the successful separation of scheelite and calcite.展开更多
To achieve efficient flotation separation of brucite and calcite,flotation separation experiments were conducted on two minerals using dodecylamine(DDA)as the collector and potassium dihydrogen phosphate(PDP)as the re...To achieve efficient flotation separation of brucite and calcite,flotation separation experiments were conducted on two minerals using dodecylamine(DDA)as the collector and potassium dihydrogen phosphate(PDP)as the regulator.The action mechanism of DDA and PDP was explored through contact angle measurement,zeta potential detection,solution chemistry calculation,FTIR analysis,and XPS detection.The flotation results showed that when DDA dosage was 35 mg/L and PDP dosage was 40 mg/L,the maximum floating difference between brucite and calcite was 79.81%,and the selectivity separation index was 6.46.The detection analysis showed that the main dissolved component HPO_(4)^(2−)of PDP is selectively strongly adsorbed on the Ca site on the surface of calcite,promoting the adsorption of the main dissolved component RNH_(3)^(+)of DDA on calcite surface,while brucite is basically not affected by PDP.Therefore,PDP is an effective regulator for the reverse flotation separation of brucite and calcite in DDA system.展开更多
The efficient separation of chalcopyrite(CuFeS2)and galena(PbS)is essential for optimal resource utilization.However,find-ing a selective depressant that is environmentally friendly and cost effective remains a challe...The efficient separation of chalcopyrite(CuFeS2)and galena(PbS)is essential for optimal resource utilization.However,find-ing a selective depressant that is environmentally friendly and cost effective remains a challenge.Through various techniques,such as mi-croflotation tests,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy(SEM)observation,X-ray photoelectron spec-troscopy(XPS),and Raman spectroscopy measurements,this study explored the use of ferric ions(Fe^(3+))as a selective depressant for ga-lena.The results of flotation tests revealed the impressive selective inhibition capabilities of Fe^(3+)when used alone.Surface analysis showed that Fe^(3+)significantly reduced the adsorption of isopropyl ethyl thionocarbamate(IPETC)on the galena surface while having a minimal impact on chalcopyrite.Further analysis using SEM,XPS,and Raman spectra revealed that Fe^(3+)can oxidize lead sulfide to form compact lead sulfate nanoparticles on the galena surface,effectively depressing IPETC adsorption and increasing surface hydrophilicity.These findings provide a promising solution for the efficient and environmentally responsible separation of chalcopyrite and galena.展开更多
Liquid-liquid phase separation,a novel biochemical phenomenon,has been increasingly studied for its medical applications.It underlies the formation of membrane-less organelles and is involved in many cellular and biol...Liquid-liquid phase separation,a novel biochemical phenomenon,has been increasingly studied for its medical applications.It underlies the formation of membrane-less organelles and is involved in many cellular and biological processes.During transcriptional regulation,dynamic condensates are formed through interactions between transcriptional elements,such as transcription factors,coactivators,and mediators.Cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation,but the precise mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis often remain to be elucidated.Emerging evidence has linked abnormal transcriptional condensates to several diseases,especially cancer,implying that phase separation plays an important role in tumorigenesis.Condensates formed by phase separation may have an effect on gene transcription in tumors.In the present review,we focus on the correlation between phase separation and transcriptional regulation,as well as how this phenomenon contributes to cancer development.展开更多
Focusing on the use of imidazolium ionic liquids and quaternary ammonium salts-based deep eutectic solvents for the separation of phenols and nitrogen-containing heteroaromatics,the role of heteroaromatics as specific...Focusing on the use of imidazolium ionic liquids and quaternary ammonium salts-based deep eutectic solvents for the separation of phenols and nitrogen-containing heteroaromatics,the role of heteroaromatics as specific sites for hydrogen bond-based separation has been investigated.These environmentally friendly solvents are known for their ability to form hydrogen bonds with heteroatoms,a key aspect in separation processes.We quantified the hydrogen bond interaction energy to reach the threshold energy for efficient O-and N-heteroaromatics separation.This article provides an in-depth study of the structural nuances of different hydrogen bonding sites and their affinity properties while conducting a comparative evaluation of the separation efficiency of ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents from a thermodynamic perspective.Results showed that phenols with dual hydrogen bonding recognition sites were easier to separate than nitrogen-containing heteroaromatics.Imidazolium ionic liquids were more suitable for the extraction of nonbasic nitrogen-containing heteroaromatics,and quaternary ammonium salts-based deep eutectic solvents are more effective for phenols and basic nitrogen-containing heteroaromatics,which was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and empirical tests.Therefore,this study provides a theoretical basis for the strategy design and selection of extractants for the efficient separation of O-and N-containing aromatic compounds.展开更多
Herein,the impact of the independent control of processing additives on vertical phase separation in sequentially deposited (SD) organic photovoltaics (OPVs) and its subsequent effects on charge carrier kinetics at th...Herein,the impact of the independent control of processing additives on vertical phase separation in sequentially deposited (SD) organic photovoltaics (OPVs) and its subsequent effects on charge carrier kinetics at the electron donor-acceptor interface are investigated.The film morphology exhibits notable variations,significantly depending on the layer to which 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) was applied.Grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering analysis reveals distinctly separated donor/acceptor phases and vertical crystallinity details in SD films.Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis is employed to obtain component distributions in diverse vertical phase structures of SD films depending on additive control.In addition,nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy shows that DIO control significantly affects the dynamics of separated charges in SD films.In SD OPVs,DIO appears to act through distinct mechanisms with minimal restriction,depending on the applied layer.This study emphasizes the significance of morphological optimization in improving device performance and underscores the importance of independent additive control in the advancement of OPV technology.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Original Exploration Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52150079)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U22A20130,U2004215,and 51974280)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province of China(No.232300421196)the Project of Zhongyuan Critical Metals Laboratory of China(Nos.GJJSGFYQ202304,GJJSGFJQ202306,GJJSGFYQ202323,GJJSGFYQ202308,and GJJSGFYQ202307)。
文摘Solvent extraction,a separation and purification technology,is crucial in critical metal metallurgy.Organic solvents commonly used in solvent extraction exhibit disadvantages,such as high volatility,high toxicity,and flammability,causing a spectrum of hazards to human health and environmental safety.Neoteric solvents have been recognized as potential alternatives to these harmful organic solvents.In the past two decades,several neoteric solvents have been proposed,including ionic liquids(ILs)and deep eutectic solvents(DESs).DESs have gradually become the focus of green solvents owing to several advantages,namely,low toxicity,degradability,and low cost.In this critical review,their classification,formation mechanisms,preparation methods,characterization technologies,and special physicochemical properties based on the most recent advancements in research have been systematically described.Subsequently,the major separation and purification applications of DESs in critical metal metallurgy were comprehensively summarized.Finally,future opportunities and challenges of DESs were explored in the current research area.In conclusion,this review provides valuable insights for improving our overall understanding of DESs,and it holds important potential for expanding separation and purification applications in critical metal metallurgy.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22108258 and 52003251)Program for Science&Technology Innovation Talents in Universities of Henan Province(24HASTIT004)+1 种基金Outstanding Youth Fund of Henan Scientific Committee(222300420085)Science and Technology Joint Project of Henan Province(222301420041)。
文摘Mixed matrix membranes(MMMs)have demonstrated significant promise in energy-intensive gas separations by amalgamating the unique properties of fillers with the facile processability of polymers.However,achieving a simultaneous enhancement of permeability and selectivity remains a formidable challenge,due to the difficulty of achieving an optimal match between polymers and fillers.In this study,we incorporate a porous carbon-based zinc oxide composite(C@ZnO)into high-permeability polymers of intrinsic microporosity(PIMs)to fabricate MMMs.The dipole–dipole interaction between C@ZnO and PIMs ensures their exceptional compatibility,mitigating the formation of non-selective voids in the resulting MMMs.Concurrently,C@ZnO with abundant interconnected pores can provide additional low-resistance pathways for gas transport in MMMs.As a result,the CO_(2) permeability of the optimized C@ZnO/PIM-1 MMMs is elevated to 13,215 barrer,while the CO_(2)/N_(2) and CO_(2)/CH_(4) selectivity reached 21.5 and 14.4,respectively,substantially surpassing the 2008 Robeson upper bound.Additionally,molecular simulation results further corroborate that the augmented membrane gas selectivity is attributed to the superior CO_(2) affinity of C@ZnO.In summary,we believe that this work not only expands the application of MMMs for gas separation but also heralds a paradigm shift in the application of porous carbon materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52074357)the Vanadium Titanium Union Foundation,ChinaChina Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2019M650188)。
文摘n-octylphosphonic acid(OPA)was introduced as a novel collector for ilmenite flotation and its effectiveness was compared with the conventional chelating collector,benzohydroxamic acid(BHA).Micro-flotation tests demonstrated that OPA was a highly effective and selective collector for separating ilmenite from titanaugite over acidic conditions(optimal pH around 3),which was also supported by adsorption amount measurements.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)tests indicated that the chemisorption of OPA onto ilmenite surface was much stronger than that of BHA.Solution chemistry diagram analyses indicated that OPA could dissociate well at pH 3.0 and mostly exist in anion form.DFT calculations further confirmed that OPA was much easier to adsorb onto ilmenite surface with shorter bond length and lower adsorption energy in comparison with BHA.Therefore,OPA maintained good collecting ability and selectivity for ilmenite flotation in the strongly acidic pulp,providing valuable insights into new collector design and development.
基金supported by Fundamental Research Projects of Yunnan Province,China(Nos.202101BE070001-009,202301AU070189).
文摘Mineral fulvic acid(MFA)was used as an eco-friendly pyrite depressant to recover chalcopyrite by flotation with the use of the butyl xanthate as a collector.Flotation experiments showed that MFA produced a stronger inhibition effect on pyrite than on chalcopyrite.The separation of chalcopyrite from pyrite was realized by introducing 150 mg/L MFA at a pulp pH of approximately 8.0.The copper grade,copper recovery,and separation efficiency were 28.03%,84.79%,and 71.66%,respectively.Surface adsorption tests,zeta potential determinations,and localized electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests showed that more MFA adsorbed on pyrite than on chalcopyrite,which weakened the subsequent interactions between pyrite and the collector.Atomic force microscope imaging further confirmed the adsorption of MFA on pyrite,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicated that hydrophilic Fe-based species on the pyrite surfaces increased after exposure of pyrite to MFA,thereby decreasing the floatability of pyrite.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.U21B2094 and Grant No.U2067212)。
文摘The separation of lithium isotopes (^(6)Li and ^(7)Li) is of great importance for the nuclear industry.The lithium amalgam method is the only lithium isotopes separation process in industry,and the extensive use of mercury has raised concerns about its potential environmental hazards,which have prompted the search for more efficient and environmentally friendly alternatives.Crown ethers can bind lithium ions highly selectively and separate lithium isotopes effectively.A chemical exchange-based lithium isotopes separation method using crown ether decorated materials could be a viable and cost-effective alternative to the lithium amalgam method.In this review,we provide a systematic summary of the recent advances in lithium isotopes separation using crown ethers decorated materials.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52373281)National Energy-Saving and Low-Carbon Materials Production and Application Demonstration Platform Program,China(No.TC220H06N)。
文摘The research,fabrication and development of piezoelectric nanofibrous materials offer effective solutions to the challenges related to energy consumption and non-renewable resources.However,enhancing their electrical output still remains a significant challenge.Here,a strategy of inducing constrained phase separation on single nanofibers via shear force was proposed.Employing electrospinning technology,a polyacrylonitrile/polyvinylidene difluoride(PAN/PVDF)nanofibrous membrane was fabricated in one step,which enabled simultaneous piezoelectric and triboelectric conversion within a single-layer membrane.Each nanofiber contained independent components of PAN and PVDF and exhibited a rough surface.The abundant frictional contact points formed between these heterogeneous components contributed to an enhanced endogenous triboelectric output,showcasing an excellent synergistic effect of piezoelectric and triboelectric response in the nanofibrous membrane.Additionally,the component mass ratio influenced the microstructure,piezoelectric conformation and piezoelectric performance of the PAN/PVDF nanofibrous membranes.Through comprehensive performance comparison,the optimal mass ratio of PAN to PVDF was determined to be 9∶1.The piezoelectric devices made of the optimal PAN/PVDF nanofibrous membranes with rough nanofiber surfaces generated an output voltage of 20 V,which was about 1.8 times that of the smooth one at the same component mass ratio.The strategy of constrained phase separation on the surface of individual nanofibers provides a new approach to enhance the output performance of single-layer piezoelectric nanofibrous materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2230081973)Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research(22TQ1400100-4).
文摘Membrane technology holds significant potential for augmenting or partially substituting conventional separation techniques,such as heatdriven distillation,thereby reducing energy consumption.Organic solvent nanofiltration represents an advanced membrane separation technology capable of discerning molecules within a molecular weight range of approximately 100-1000 Da in organic solvents,offering low energy requirements and minimal carbon footprints.Molecular separation in non-polar solvent system,such as toluene,n-hexane,and n-heptane,has gained paramount importance due to their extensive use in the pharmaceutical,biochemical,and petrochemical industries.In this review,we presented recent advancements in membrane materials,membrane fabrication techniques and their promising applications for separation in nonpolar solvent system,encompassing hydrocarbon separation,bioactive molecule purification and organic solvent recovery.Furthermore,this review highlighted the challenges and opportunities associated with membrane scale-up strategies and the direct translation of this promising technology into industrial applications.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11304079,11404094,and 11504088)Science and Technology Research Project of Henan Science and Technology Department(Grant No.182102410076)。
文摘The capture of CO_(2)from CO_(2)/H_(2)gas mixtures in syngas is a crucial issue for hydrogen production from steam methane reforming in industry,as the presence of CO_(2)directly affects the purity of H_(2).A combination of a high-throughput screening method and grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation was utilized to evaluate and screen 1725 metal–organic frameworks(MOFs)in detail as a means of determining their adsorption performance for CO_(2)/H_(2)gas mixtures.The adsorption and separation performance of double-linker MOFs was comprehensively evaluated using eight evaluation indicators,namely,the largest cavity diameter,accessible surface area,pore occupied accessible volume,porosity,adsorption selectivity,working capacity,adsorbent performance score and percent regeneration.Six optimal performance frameworks were screened to further study their single-component adsorption and binary competitive adsorption of CO_(2)/H_(2)respectively.The CO_(2)adsorption selectivity at different CO_(2)/H_(2)feed ratios was also evaluated,which indicated their excellent adsorption and separation performance.The microscopic adsorption mechanisms for CO_(2)and H_(2)at the molecular level were investigated by analyzing the radial distribution function and density distribution.This study may provide directional guidance and reference for subsequent experiments on the adsorption and separation of CO_(2)/H_(2).
基金funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 872102the China Scholarship Council(CSC,file no.202006240076)-University of Manchester joint studentship for supporting the PhD researchthe special innovation project fund from the Institute of Wenzhou,Zhejiang University(No.XMGL-KJZX-202204)。
文摘Polymers of intrinsic microporosity(PIMs)have received considerable attention for making high-performance membranes for carbon dioxide separation over the last two decades,owing to their highly permeable porous structures.However,challenges regarding its relatively low selectivity,physical aging,and plasticisation impede relevant industrial adoptions for gas separation.To address these issues,several strategies including chain modification,post-modification,blending with other polymers,and the addition of fillers,have been developed and explored.PIM-1 is the most investigated PIMs,and hence here we review the stateof-the-arts of the modification strategies of PIM-1 critically and discuss the progress achieved for addressing the aforementioned challenges via meta-analysis.Additionally,the development of PIM-1-based thin film composite membranes is commented as well,shedding light on their potential in industrial gas separation.We hope that the review can be a timely snapshot of the relevant state-of-the-arts of PIMs guiding future design and optimisation of PIMs-based membranes for enhanced performance towards a higher technology readiness level for practical applications.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 22308145, 22208140, 22178159, 22078145)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20230791)Postgraduate Research Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (KYCX24_0165)。
文摘Removing H_(2)S and CO_(2)is of great significance for natural gas purification.With excellent gas affinity and tunable structure,ionic liquids(ILs) have been regarded as nontrivial candidates for fabricating polymer-based membranes.Herein,we firstly reported the incorporation of protic ILs (PILs) having ether-rich and carboxylate sites (ECPILs) into poly(ether-block-amide)(Pebax) matrix for efficient separation H_(2)S and CO_(2)from CH_(4).Notably,the optimal permeability of H_(2)S reaches up to 4310 Barrer (40C,0.50 bar) in Pebax/ECPIL membranes,along with H_(2)S/CH_(4)and (H_(2)StCO_(2))/CH_(4)selectivity of 97.7 and 112.3,respectively.These values are increased by 1125%,160.8%and 145.9%compared to those in neat Pebax membrane.Additionally,the solubility and diffusion coefficients of the gases were measured,demonstrating that ECPIL can simultaneously strengthen the dissolution and diffusion of H_(2)S and CO_(2),thus elevating the permeability and permselectivity.By using quantum chemical calculations and FT-IR spectroscopy,the highly reversible multi-site hydrogen bonding interaction between ECPILs and H_(2)S was revealed,which is responsible for the fast permeation of H_(2)S and good selectivity.Furthermore,H_(2)S/CO_(2)/CH_(4)(3/3/94 mol/mol) ternary mixed gas can be efficiently and stably separated by Pebax/ECPIL membrane for at least 100 h.Overall,this work not only illustrates that PILs with ether-rich and carboxylate hydrogen bonding sites are outstanding materials for simultaneous removal of H_(2)S and CO_(2),but may also provide a novel insight into the design of membrane materials for natural gas upgrading.
基金supported by Science and Technology Project of Hebei Education Department (No. ZD2022128)Tangshan Science and Technology Plan Project (No. 22130226H)。
文摘In this paper,the effect of vibration intensity on the spatial distribution of sulfur content in bed particles was studied.The effects of vibration and airflow on the mechanical characteristics of particles were studied,the collision behavior mode of particles was determined,the spatial saltation law of particles was investigated,the spatial functional axis of beds was determined,and the saltation separation period of particles was determined.The test results show that:When separation bed provides inlet airflow velocity(U_(in)) is 2.55 m/s,the airflow distribution interval of I,II and III areas were U_(I)=2.55-2.57 m/s,U_(II)=1.33-1.35 m/s,U_(III)=0.35-0.38 m/s,respectively;when separation bed vibration amplitude (A)A=2.4-2.5 mm,separation bed vibration frequency (f) f=23-24 Hz,the desulfurization effect is the best.When vibration intensity (Γ)Γ=1.22,U_(in)=1.05 m/s,the particles have disordered contact and collision behavior.WhenΓ=14.89,U_(in)=3.18 m/s,the particles have a transition cataclastic collision.WhenΓ=5.80,U_(in)=2.55 m/s,the particles have directional collision behavior.It is determined that the OX axis is the transverse stable diffusion axis of the material,the OY axis is the longitudinal gradient transport axis of the material,and the OZ axis is the vertical density cascade distribution axis of the material.When separation time (T) T=0-10 s was the period of disorderly diffusion and mixing of particles,T=10-20 s was the period of directional migration and stratification of particles,and T=20-30 s was the period of cascade distribution and separation of particles.Finally,separation experiments conducted under optimal operating parameters demonstrated that the clean coal yield was 72.02%with a sulfur content of 0.98%.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.51974064,52174239,and 52374259)the Open Project of the Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Utiliza-tion of the Ministry of Education,China (No.23kfgk02).
文摘Flotation separation of magnesite and its calcium-containing carbonate minerals is a difficult problem.Recently,new regulat-ors have been proposed for magnesite flotation decalcification,although traditional regulators such as tannin,water glass,sodium carbon-ate,and sodium hexametaphosphate are more widely used in industry.However,they are rarely used as the main regulators in research because they perform poorly in magnesite and dolomite single-mineral flotation tests.Inspired by the limonite presedimentation method and the addition of a regulator to magnesite slurry mixing,we used a tannin pretreatment method for separating magnesite and dolomite.Microflotation experiments confirmed that the tannin pretreatment method selectively and largely reduces the flotation recovery rate of dolomite without affecting the flotation recovery rate of magnesite.Moreover,the contact angles of the tannin-pretreated magnesite and dolomite increased and decreased,respectively,in the presence of NaOl.Zeta potential and Fourier transform infrared analyses showed that the tannin pretreatment method efficiently hinders NaOl adsorption on the dolomite surface but does not affect NaOl adsorption on the magnesite surface.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations confirmed that tannin interacts more strongly with dolomite than with magnesite.
文摘Direct air capture(DAC)has attracted increasing interest and investment over the past few years.There are a fast-growing number of companies that entered the field and demonstrated DAC carbon removal setups and potential.However,current DAC methods are still based on solid absorbents or alkali solutions approaches which have low capture efficiency and low energy efficiency.This highlight proposed a promising CO_(2) capture technology,an electric energy driven closed-loop system for the direct removal of CO_(2) from ambient air which are based on two individual technologies:Polyam-N-Cu hybrid system promoted CO_(2) capture with ocean as anthropogenic CO_(2) sink and a chloride-mediated electrochemical pH swing system to remove CO_(2) from oceanwater.
基金financially supported by the Yunnan Major Scientific and Technological Projects,China (No.202202AG050015)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51464029)。
文摘The flotation separation of Cu–Fe sulfide minerals at low alkalinity can be achieved using selective depressants.In the flotation system of Cu–Fe sulfide minerals,depressants usually preferentially interact with the pyrite surface to render the mineral surface hydrophilic and hinder the adsorption of the collector.This review summarizes the advances in depressants for the flotation separation of Cu–Fe sulfide minerals at low alkalinity.These advances include use of inorganic depressants (oxidants and sulfur–oxygen compounds),natural polysaccharides (starch,dextrin,konjac glucomannan,and galactomannan),modified polymers (carboxymethyl cellulose,polyacrylamide,lignosulfonate,and tricarboxylate sodium starch),organic acids (polyglutamic acid,sodium humate,tannic acid,pyrogallic acid,salicylic acid,and lactic acid),sodium dimethyl dithiocarbamate,and diethylenetriamine.The potential application of specific inorganic and organic depressants in the flotation separation of Cu–Fe sulfide minerals at low alkalinity is reviewed.The advances in the use of organic depressants with respect to the flotation separation of Cu–Fe sulfide minerals are comprehensively detailed.Additionally,the depression performances and mechanisms of different types of organic depressants on mineral surfaces are summarized.Finally,several perspectives on depressants vis-à-vis flotation separation of Cu–Fe sulfide minerals at low alkalinity are proposed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52164022).
文摘This paper proposes luteolin(LUT)as a novel depressant for the flotation-based separation of scheelite and calcite in a sodium oleate(NaOL)system.The suitability of LUT as a calcite depressant is confirmed through micro-flotation testing.At pH=9,with LUT concentration of 50 mg·L^(-1) and NaOL concentration of 50 mg·L^(-1),scheelite recovery reaches 80.3%.Calcite,on the other hand,exhibits a recovery rate of 17.6%,indicating a significant difference in floatability between the two minerals.Subsequently,the surface modifica-tions of scheelite and calcite following LUT treatment are characterized using adsorption capacity testing,Zeta potential analysis,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and atomic force microscopy(AFM).The study in-vestigates the selective depressant mechanism of LUT on calcite.Adsorption capacity testing and Zeta potential analysis demonstrate sub-stantial absorption of LUT on the surface of calcite,impeding the further adsorption of sodium oleate,while its impact on scheelite is min-imal.FT-IR and XPS analyses reveal the selective adsorption of LUT onto the surface of calcite,forming strong chemisorption bonds between the hydroxyl group and calcium ions present.AFM directly illustrates the distinct adsorption densities of LUT on the two miner-al types.Consequently,LUT can effectively serve as a depressant for calcite,enabling the successful separation of scheelite and calcite.
基金the General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51974064,52174239)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFC2902400)the Outstanding Postdoctoral Program of Jiangsu Province,China(No.2022ZB521).
文摘To achieve efficient flotation separation of brucite and calcite,flotation separation experiments were conducted on two minerals using dodecylamine(DDA)as the collector and potassium dihydrogen phosphate(PDP)as the regulator.The action mechanism of DDA and PDP was explored through contact angle measurement,zeta potential detection,solution chemistry calculation,FTIR analysis,and XPS detection.The flotation results showed that when DDA dosage was 35 mg/L and PDP dosage was 40 mg/L,the maximum floating difference between brucite and calcite was 79.81%,and the selectivity separation index was 6.46.The detection analysis showed that the main dissolved component HPO_(4)^(2−)of PDP is selectively strongly adsorbed on the Ca site on the surface of calcite,promoting the adsorption of the main dissolved component RNH_(3)^(+)of DDA on calcite surface,while brucite is basically not affected by PDP.Therefore,PDP is an effective regulator for the reverse flotation separation of brucite and calcite in DDA system.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52204298 and 52004335)the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2022YFC2904502 and 2022YFC2904501)+1 种基金the Major Science and Technology Projects in Yunnan Province(No.202202AB080012)the Science Research Initiation Fund of Central South University(No.202044019).
文摘The efficient separation of chalcopyrite(CuFeS2)and galena(PbS)is essential for optimal resource utilization.However,find-ing a selective depressant that is environmentally friendly and cost effective remains a challenge.Through various techniques,such as mi-croflotation tests,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy(SEM)observation,X-ray photoelectron spec-troscopy(XPS),and Raman spectroscopy measurements,this study explored the use of ferric ions(Fe^(3+))as a selective depressant for ga-lena.The results of flotation tests revealed the impressive selective inhibition capabilities of Fe^(3+)when used alone.Surface analysis showed that Fe^(3+)significantly reduced the adsorption of isopropyl ethyl thionocarbamate(IPETC)on the galena surface while having a minimal impact on chalcopyrite.Further analysis using SEM,XPS,and Raman spectra revealed that Fe^(3+)can oxidize lead sulfide to form compact lead sulfate nanoparticles on the galena surface,effectively depressing IPETC adsorption and increasing surface hydrophilicity.These findings provide a promising solution for the efficient and environmentally responsible separation of chalcopyrite and galena.
基金supported by the Jiangsu Province Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.BK20201492)the Key Medical Research Project of Jiangsu Provincial Health Commission(Grant No.K2019002)the Clinical Capacity Improvement Project of Jiangsu Province People's Hospital(Grant No.JSPH-MA-2021-8).
文摘Liquid-liquid phase separation,a novel biochemical phenomenon,has been increasingly studied for its medical applications.It underlies the formation of membrane-less organelles and is involved in many cellular and biological processes.During transcriptional regulation,dynamic condensates are formed through interactions between transcriptional elements,such as transcription factors,coactivators,and mediators.Cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation,but the precise mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis often remain to be elucidated.Emerging evidence has linked abnormal transcriptional condensates to several diseases,especially cancer,implying that phase separation plays an important role in tumorigenesis.Condensates formed by phase separation may have an effect on gene transcription in tumors.In the present review,we focus on the correlation between phase separation and transcriptional regulation,as well as how this phenomenon contributes to cancer development.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22038008)the science and technology innovation project of China Shenhua Coal to Liquid and Chemical Company Limited(MZYHG-2021-01).
文摘Focusing on the use of imidazolium ionic liquids and quaternary ammonium salts-based deep eutectic solvents for the separation of phenols and nitrogen-containing heteroaromatics,the role of heteroaromatics as specific sites for hydrogen bond-based separation has been investigated.These environmentally friendly solvents are known for their ability to form hydrogen bonds with heteroatoms,a key aspect in separation processes.We quantified the hydrogen bond interaction energy to reach the threshold energy for efficient O-and N-heteroaromatics separation.This article provides an in-depth study of the structural nuances of different hydrogen bonding sites and their affinity properties while conducting a comparative evaluation of the separation efficiency of ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents from a thermodynamic perspective.Results showed that phenols with dual hydrogen bonding recognition sites were easier to separate than nitrogen-containing heteroaromatics.Imidazolium ionic liquids were more suitable for the extraction of nonbasic nitrogen-containing heteroaromatics,and quaternary ammonium salts-based deep eutectic solvents are more effective for phenols and basic nitrogen-containing heteroaromatics,which was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and empirical tests.Therefore,this study provides a theoretical basis for the strategy design and selection of extractants for the efficient separation of O-and N-containing aromatic compounds.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(No.RS-2023-00213920,NRF-2021R1A4A1031761).
文摘Herein,the impact of the independent control of processing additives on vertical phase separation in sequentially deposited (SD) organic photovoltaics (OPVs) and its subsequent effects on charge carrier kinetics at the electron donor-acceptor interface are investigated.The film morphology exhibits notable variations,significantly depending on the layer to which 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) was applied.Grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering analysis reveals distinctly separated donor/acceptor phases and vertical crystallinity details in SD films.Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis is employed to obtain component distributions in diverse vertical phase structures of SD films depending on additive control.In addition,nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy shows that DIO control significantly affects the dynamics of separated charges in SD films.In SD OPVs,DIO appears to act through distinct mechanisms with minimal restriction,depending on the applied layer.This study emphasizes the significance of morphological optimization in improving device performance and underscores the importance of independent additive control in the advancement of OPV technology.
