The outbreak of Covid-19 affects China’s health delivery system, and the current status of primary health services after the Covid-19 pandemic is not yet clear. To further explore the current status of demands of fam...The outbreak of Covid-19 affects China’s health delivery system, and the current status of primary health services after the Covid-19 pandemic is not yet clear. To further explore the current status of demands of family health services, we conducted a cross-sectional survey, in the community of Haidian District, Beijing. Chi-square test analysis and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify factors influencing residents’ demands for family healthcare services. Results show that population of married (OR = 3.108), living with parents (OR = 2.171), degree of Junior high school and above (OR = 7.250) and high school (OR = 7.670), Annual income: 0 - 56,000 (OR = 3.680) and 72,001 - 88,000 (OR = 1.690) have significant demands for family health care. The approach to building primary health services in Haidian District is worth promoting, but it is also important to pay attention to the health inequalities that can occur when patients are moved down to the grassroots level. .展开更多
Background: In Pakistan, the crucial role of Lady Health Workers (LHWs) cannot be over looked and must be supported. Their alliance position between the community and health system allows them to provide services to t...Background: In Pakistan, the crucial role of Lady Health Workers (LHWs) cannot be over looked and must be supported. Their alliance position between the community and health system allows them to provide services to the most marginalised groups. However, LHWs face numerous challenges and issues resulting in reduced efficiency and effectiveness of LHW program. Aims: The study aims to identify the challenges highlighted in various studies that undermine the performance of LHWs and attempts to combine the recommendations of the studies for addressing these challenges. Methods: Literature search included articles from 2000 to 2024. PubMed and Google Scholar were the main search engines utilized. Initial search resulted in 1380 articles, out of which only those showing a link to the study title were included in the study. From the total articles searched, 55 were selected for writing this article. Results: Literature highlighted the importance of community selection, monitoring, monetary as well as non-financial incentives;trainings;availability of supervision, workload balance, monitoring;recognition, clarity on roles, resources and uninterrupted supply of logistics, support and embedment of LHWs in community and health system. Lack or poor quality of these aspects may lead to low performance of LHWs. Conclusions: This paper explores the extent of issues and challenges faced by LHWs in Pakistan. A number of interventions appear to be effective in improving the efficiency of LHWs in Pakistan. The review may serve as an essential resource for program planners and decision-makers in improving the effectiveness and efficiency of LHW programs.展开更多
背景高血压是心血管疾病主要的危险因素,降压用药不仅要考虑患者血压特征,也要考虑患者合并症情况。现阶段,基于家庭医生签约服务对高血压患者的服药状况及影响因素研究比较缺乏。目的调查安徽省界首市家庭医生签约服务的高血压患者服...背景高血压是心血管疾病主要的危险因素,降压用药不仅要考虑患者血压特征,也要考虑患者合并症情况。现阶段,基于家庭医生签约服务对高血压患者的服药状况及影响因素研究比较缺乏。目的调查安徽省界首市家庭医生签约服务的高血压患者服药现状,描述患者服药行为与患者特征之间的关联,探索患者用药调整的影响因素,并分析基层高血压患者用药的合理性。方法采用整群抽样的方法,于2021年7—8月从安徽省界首市随机抽取48个行政村,通过面对面调查法采用自制问卷收集患者特征和服药数据,参照《国家基层高血压防治管理指南2020版》将问卷中患者提到的降压药分为如下5类:A类为血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)和血管紧张素受体阻滞剂(ARB),B类为β受体阻滞剂,C类为钙通道阻滞剂(CCB),D类为利尿剂,E类为单片复方制剂。通过科大讯飞智能语音血压计的后台获取患者上传的近1年血压数据,分析不同特征患者的服药行为。采用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨高血压患者用药调整的影响因素。本研究中联合用药是指服用复方制剂或2种以上降压药,用药调整是指患者过去服用其他降压药。结果本研究共纳入高血压患者3005例,其中男1291例(43.0%)、女1714例(57.0%),平均年龄为(65.5±9.8)岁,高血压服药率为79.1%,联合用药率为40.2%。2376例服用降压药的患者中,不同类型降压药服用率从高到低依次为(部分患者存在联合用药):E类(39.6%)、C类(35.1%)、D类(20.3%)、A类(20.1%)、B类(3.7%);服用最多的降压药为复方利血平(33.7%)。对于年均血压≥160/100mm Hg的患者,仍有12.2%和4.9%未服用降压药。患者联合用药以E类降压药为主。年均“舒张压≥100 mm Hg”且“患合并症”的患者,调整后A类和C类降压药的服用率增加相对较多,年均“收缩压≥160 mm Hg”且“未患合并症”的患者,调整后E类降压药的服用率增加相对较多。多因素Logistic回归结果显示,服药年数长(OR=1.042,95%CI=1.031~1.053,P<0.001)、初中以上文化程度(OR=1.488,95%CI=1.195~1.853,P<0.001)、合并高脂血症(OR=1.267,95%CI=1.052~1.525,P=0.013)、合并心血管疾病(OR=1.394,95%CI=1.166~1.667,P<0.001)、合并脑血管疾病(OR=1.258,95%CI=1.040~1.522,P=0.018)是患者用药调整的促进因素,高龄(OR=0.980,95%CI=0.971~0.990,P<0.001)是用药调整的抑制因素。结论界首市农村地区高血压患者的服药率较高,主要服用E类和C类降压药。服药年数长、初中以上文化程度、合并高脂血症、合并心脑血管疾病是患者用药调整的促进因素,高龄是用药调整的抑制因素。展开更多
背景以家庭医生签约服务为载体的健康管理服务是我国农村老年人实现健康老龄化的必要途径,而该项服务在实践中受到多种因素影响。目的对影响我国农村家庭医生签约服务老年人健康管理实践的因素进行范围综述,为提高该项服务的可及性和有...背景以家庭医生签约服务为载体的健康管理服务是我国农村老年人实现健康老龄化的必要途径,而该项服务在实践中受到多种因素影响。目的对影响我国农村家庭医生签约服务老年人健康管理实践的因素进行范围综述,为提高该项服务的可及性和有效性提供参考依据。方法于2023年1—4月,遵循范围综述报告规范清单,于Web of Science、PubMed、Embase、Medline、CINAHL、中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普网和中国生物医学文献数据库检索有关家庭医生签约服务老年人健康管理的文献,检索时限为建库至2022-12-31。根据纳入和排除标准,基于社会生态学模型审查、总结和分析影响农村家庭医生签约服务老年人健康管理实践的因素。结果共纳入27篇文献,提取了与农村家庭医生签约服务老年人健康管理相关的个人、人际、组织、社区及政策5个层面的影响因素。结论农村家庭医生签约服务老年人健康管理实践受到多层面、多因素影响,推动农村地区签约服务老年人健康管理发展需综合考虑其影响因素,明确各责任部门、主体的权利和义务,合力促进以家庭医生签约服务为载体的健康管理服务提质增效。展开更多
文摘The outbreak of Covid-19 affects China’s health delivery system, and the current status of primary health services after the Covid-19 pandemic is not yet clear. To further explore the current status of demands of family health services, we conducted a cross-sectional survey, in the community of Haidian District, Beijing. Chi-square test analysis and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify factors influencing residents’ demands for family healthcare services. Results show that population of married (OR = 3.108), living with parents (OR = 2.171), degree of Junior high school and above (OR = 7.250) and high school (OR = 7.670), Annual income: 0 - 56,000 (OR = 3.680) and 72,001 - 88,000 (OR = 1.690) have significant demands for family health care. The approach to building primary health services in Haidian District is worth promoting, but it is also important to pay attention to the health inequalities that can occur when patients are moved down to the grassroots level. .
文摘Background: In Pakistan, the crucial role of Lady Health Workers (LHWs) cannot be over looked and must be supported. Their alliance position between the community and health system allows them to provide services to the most marginalised groups. However, LHWs face numerous challenges and issues resulting in reduced efficiency and effectiveness of LHW program. Aims: The study aims to identify the challenges highlighted in various studies that undermine the performance of LHWs and attempts to combine the recommendations of the studies for addressing these challenges. Methods: Literature search included articles from 2000 to 2024. PubMed and Google Scholar were the main search engines utilized. Initial search resulted in 1380 articles, out of which only those showing a link to the study title were included in the study. From the total articles searched, 55 were selected for writing this article. Results: Literature highlighted the importance of community selection, monitoring, monetary as well as non-financial incentives;trainings;availability of supervision, workload balance, monitoring;recognition, clarity on roles, resources and uninterrupted supply of logistics, support and embedment of LHWs in community and health system. Lack or poor quality of these aspects may lead to low performance of LHWs. Conclusions: This paper explores the extent of issues and challenges faced by LHWs in Pakistan. A number of interventions appear to be effective in improving the efficiency of LHWs in Pakistan. The review may serve as an essential resource for program planners and decision-makers in improving the effectiveness and efficiency of LHW programs.
文摘背景高血压是心血管疾病主要的危险因素,降压用药不仅要考虑患者血压特征,也要考虑患者合并症情况。现阶段,基于家庭医生签约服务对高血压患者的服药状况及影响因素研究比较缺乏。目的调查安徽省界首市家庭医生签约服务的高血压患者服药现状,描述患者服药行为与患者特征之间的关联,探索患者用药调整的影响因素,并分析基层高血压患者用药的合理性。方法采用整群抽样的方法,于2021年7—8月从安徽省界首市随机抽取48个行政村,通过面对面调查法采用自制问卷收集患者特征和服药数据,参照《国家基层高血压防治管理指南2020版》将问卷中患者提到的降压药分为如下5类:A类为血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)和血管紧张素受体阻滞剂(ARB),B类为β受体阻滞剂,C类为钙通道阻滞剂(CCB),D类为利尿剂,E类为单片复方制剂。通过科大讯飞智能语音血压计的后台获取患者上传的近1年血压数据,分析不同特征患者的服药行为。采用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨高血压患者用药调整的影响因素。本研究中联合用药是指服用复方制剂或2种以上降压药,用药调整是指患者过去服用其他降压药。结果本研究共纳入高血压患者3005例,其中男1291例(43.0%)、女1714例(57.0%),平均年龄为(65.5±9.8)岁,高血压服药率为79.1%,联合用药率为40.2%。2376例服用降压药的患者中,不同类型降压药服用率从高到低依次为(部分患者存在联合用药):E类(39.6%)、C类(35.1%)、D类(20.3%)、A类(20.1%)、B类(3.7%);服用最多的降压药为复方利血平(33.7%)。对于年均血压≥160/100mm Hg的患者,仍有12.2%和4.9%未服用降压药。患者联合用药以E类降压药为主。年均“舒张压≥100 mm Hg”且“患合并症”的患者,调整后A类和C类降压药的服用率增加相对较多,年均“收缩压≥160 mm Hg”且“未患合并症”的患者,调整后E类降压药的服用率增加相对较多。多因素Logistic回归结果显示,服药年数长(OR=1.042,95%CI=1.031~1.053,P<0.001)、初中以上文化程度(OR=1.488,95%CI=1.195~1.853,P<0.001)、合并高脂血症(OR=1.267,95%CI=1.052~1.525,P=0.013)、合并心血管疾病(OR=1.394,95%CI=1.166~1.667,P<0.001)、合并脑血管疾病(OR=1.258,95%CI=1.040~1.522,P=0.018)是患者用药调整的促进因素,高龄(OR=0.980,95%CI=0.971~0.990,P<0.001)是用药调整的抑制因素。结论界首市农村地区高血压患者的服药率较高,主要服用E类和C类降压药。服药年数长、初中以上文化程度、合并高脂血症、合并心脑血管疾病是患者用药调整的促进因素,高龄是用药调整的抑制因素。
文摘背景以家庭医生签约服务为载体的健康管理服务是我国农村老年人实现健康老龄化的必要途径,而该项服务在实践中受到多种因素影响。目的对影响我国农村家庭医生签约服务老年人健康管理实践的因素进行范围综述,为提高该项服务的可及性和有效性提供参考依据。方法于2023年1—4月,遵循范围综述报告规范清单,于Web of Science、PubMed、Embase、Medline、CINAHL、中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普网和中国生物医学文献数据库检索有关家庭医生签约服务老年人健康管理的文献,检索时限为建库至2022-12-31。根据纳入和排除标准,基于社会生态学模型审查、总结和分析影响农村家庭医生签约服务老年人健康管理实践的因素。结果共纳入27篇文献,提取了与农村家庭医生签约服务老年人健康管理相关的个人、人际、组织、社区及政策5个层面的影响因素。结论农村家庭医生签约服务老年人健康管理实践受到多层面、多因素影响,推动农村地区签约服务老年人健康管理发展需综合考虑其影响因素,明确各责任部门、主体的权利和义务,合力促进以家庭医生签约服务为载体的健康管理服务提质增效。
