Pd-based catalysts are extensively employed to catalyze CO oxidative coupling to generate DMO,while the expensive price and high usage of Pd hinder its massive application in industrial production.Designing Pd-based c...Pd-based catalysts are extensively employed to catalyze CO oxidative coupling to generate DMO,while the expensive price and high usage of Pd hinder its massive application in industrial production.Designing Pd-based catalysts with high efficiency and low Pd usage as well as expounding the catalytic mechanisms are significant for the reaction.In this study,we theoretically predict that Pd stripe doping Co(111)surface exhibits excellent performance than pure Pd(111),Pd monolayer supporting on Co(111)and Pd single atom doping Co(111)surface,and clearly expound the catalytic mechanisms through the density functional theory(DFT)calculation and micro-reaction kinetic model analysis.It is obtained that the favorable reaction pathway is COOCH_(3)-COOCH_(3)coupling pathway over these four catalysts,while the rate-controlling step is COOCH_(3)+CO+OCH_(3)→2COOCH_(3)on Pd stripe doping Co(111)surface,which is different from the case(2COOCH_(3)→DMO)on pure Pd(111),Pd monolayer supporting on Co(111)and Pd single atom doping Co(111)surface.This study can contribute a certain reference value for developing Pd-based catalysts with high efficiency and low Pd usage for CO oxidative coupling to DMO.展开更多
Flexible surface micro-discharge plasma is a non-thermal plasma technique used for treating wounds in a painless way, with significant efficacy for chronic or hard-to-heal wounds. In this study, a confined space was d...Flexible surface micro-discharge plasma is a non-thermal plasma technique used for treating wounds in a painless way, with significant efficacy for chronic or hard-to-heal wounds. In this study, a confined space was designed to simulate wound conditions, with gelatin used to simulate wound tissue. The distinction between open and confined spaces was explored, and the effects of temperature, humidity, discharge power and the gap size within the confined space on the plasma characteristics were analyzed. It was found that temperature, humidity and discharge power are important factors that affect the concentration distribution of active components and the mode transition between ozone and nitrogen oxides. Compared to open space, the concentration of ozone in confined space was relatively lower, which facilitated the formation of nitrogen oxides. In open space, the discharge was dominated by ozone initially. As the temperature,humidity and discharge power increased, nitrogen oxides in the gas-phase products were gradually detected. In confined space, nitrogen oxides can be detected at an early stage and at much higher concentrations than ozone concentration. Furthermore, as the gap of the confined space decreased, the concentration of ozone was observed to decrease while that of nitrate increased, and the rate of this concentration change was further accelerated at higher temperature and higher power. It was shown that ozone concentration decreased from 0.11 to 0.03 μmol and the nitrate concentration increased from 20.5 to 24.5 μmol when the spacing in the confined space was reduced from 5 to 1 mm, the temperature of the external discharge was controlled at 40 ℃, and the discharge power was 12 W. In summary, this study reveals the formation and transformation mechanisms of active substances in air surface micro-discharge plasma within confined space, providing foundational data for its medical applications.展开更多
Quantum computing has the potential to solve complex problems that are inefficiently handled by classical computation.However,the high sensitivity of qubits to environmental interference and the high error rates in cu...Quantum computing has the potential to solve complex problems that are inefficiently handled by classical computation.However,the high sensitivity of qubits to environmental interference and the high error rates in current quantum devices exceed the error correction thresholds required for effective algorithm execution.Therefore,quantum error correction technology is crucial to achieving reliable quantum computing.In this work,we study a topological surface code with a two-dimensional lattice structure that protects quantum information by introducing redundancy across multiple qubits and using syndrome qubits to detect and correct errors.However,errors can occur not only in data qubits but also in syndrome qubits,and different types of errors may generate the same syndromes,complicating the decoding task and creating a need for more efficient decoding methods.To address this challenge,we used a transformer decoder based on an attention mechanism.By mapping the surface code lattice,the decoder performs a self-attention process on all input syndromes,thereby obtaining a global receptive field.The performance of the decoder was evaluated under a phenomenological error model.Numerical results demonstrate that the decoder achieved a decoding accuracy of 93.8%.Additionally,we obtained decoding thresholds of 5%and 6.05%at maximum code distances of 7 and 9,respectively.These results indicate that the decoder used demonstrates a certain capability in correcting noise errors in surface codes.展开更多
Silica fibers were modified by a specific ratio of SiB6 mixed with silica sol through vacuum impregnation method.The modified fibers were then incorporated into a phenolic resin matrix to prepare fiber-reinforced resi...Silica fibers were modified by a specific ratio of SiB6 mixed with silica sol through vacuum impregnation method.The modified fibers were then incorporated into a phenolic resin matrix to prepare fiber-reinforced resin composites.The influences of the SiB_(6)/SiO_(2)mixed modification on silica fiber properties were analyzed through thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and X-ray diffraction(XRD),respectively.Additionally,the influence of the SiB_(6)/SiO_(2)mixed modification on the mechanical properties of phenolic resin matrix composites was evaluated through mechanical testing.The experimeatal results indicate that the SiB_(6)/SiO_(2)mixed surface modification shows significant improvement in strength at room temperature and high temperatures,and crystallization temperature of silica fiber increases.The SiB_(6)/Silica sol co-modified silica fiber shows potential for future application in thermal protection and other high-temperature conditions.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the demographics,clinical characteristics,treatments,and outcomes of patients with ocular surface squamous neoplasia(OSSN)at the Philippine General Hospital.METHODS:This was a single-center,11-year ret...AIM:To evaluate the demographics,clinical characteristics,treatments,and outcomes of patients with ocular surface squamous neoplasia(OSSN)at the Philippine General Hospital.METHODS:This was a single-center,11-year retrospective,cross sectional case series on 18 cases of OSSN seen between January 2012 to June 2023.The patient’s demographics,presenting symptoms,tumor characteristics,histopathologic diagnosis,treatment,outcomes,and duration of follow-up were reviewed.RESULTS:Out of 33 identified cases of OSSN,only 18 were eligible for inclusion in the study.Mean age was 60.78y(range 31 to 80),with male predominance(66.67%).The left eye was most commonly affected(61.11%)with most presenting with fleshy mass(83.33%).Most tumors were located nasally(66.67%)and were predominantly papilliform(44.44%)in morphology with associated hyperpigmentation(38.89%).Squamous cell carcinoma(SCCA)was the most common histopathologic diagnosis(72.22%).The main primary treatment was surgical excision(94.44%)with or without adjunctive therapy,with only 1 patient undergoing first-line topical chemotherapy.Only 3 recurrences(16.67%)were noted with a median followup of 7.5mo.A statistically significant recurrence-free odds leaning towards the utilization of cryotherapy was noted.CONCLUSION:OSSN seen at the Philippine General Hospital is presented as a limbal papilliform mass,most commonly affecting elderly males.Surgical excision with adjuvant cryotherapy and/or chemotherapy is the preferred mode of treatment.展开更多
In this paper,a physical model of RIS of bistatic polarized radar cross section is derived starting from the Stratton-Chu equations under the assumptions of physical optics,PEC,far field and rectangular RIS element.In...In this paper,a physical model of RIS of bistatic polarized radar cross section is derived starting from the Stratton-Chu equations under the assumptions of physical optics,PEC,far field and rectangular RIS element.In the context of important physical characteristics of the backscattering polarization of RIS,the modeling of the RIS wireless channel requires a tradeoff between complexity and accuracy,as well as usability and simplicity.For channel modeling of RIS systems,RIS is modelled as multi-equivalent virtual base stations(BSs)induced by multi polarized electromagnetic waves from different incident directions.The comparison between test and simulation results demonstrates that the proposed algorithm effectively captures the key characteristics of the general RIS element polarization physical model and provides accurate results.展开更多
We build a computer program to reconstruct convex bodies using even L_(p)surface area measures for p≥1.Firstly,we transform the minimization problem Pi,which is equivalent to solving the even L_(p)Minkowski problem,i...We build a computer program to reconstruct convex bodies using even L_(p)surface area measures for p≥1.Firstly,we transform the minimization problem Pi,which is equivalent to solving the even L_(p)Minkowski problem,into a convex optimization problem P4 with a finite number of constraints.This transformation makes it suitable for computational resolution.Then,we prove that the approximate solutions obtained by solving the problem P4 converge to the theoretical solution when N and k are sufficiently large.Finally,based on the convex optimization problem P_(4),we provide an algorithm for reconstructing convex bodies from even L_(p)surface area measures,and present several examples implemented using MATLAB.展开更多
The maneuverability and stealth of aerial-aquatic vehicles(AAVs)is of significant importance for future integrated air-sea combat missions.To improve the maneuverability and stealth of AAVs near the water surface,this...The maneuverability and stealth of aerial-aquatic vehicles(AAVs)is of significant importance for future integrated air-sea combat missions.To improve the maneuverability and stealth of AAVs near the water surface,this paper proposed a high-maneuverability skipping motion strategy for the tandem twin-rotor AAV,inspired by the motion behavior of the flying fish to avoid aquatic and aerial predators near the water surface.The novel tandem twin-rotor AAV was employed as the research subject and a strategybased ADRC control method for validation,comparing it with a strategy-based PID control method.The results indicate that both control methods enable the designed AAV to achieve high stealth and maneuverability near the water surface with robust control stability.The strategy-based ADRC control method exhibits a certain advantage in controlling height,pitch angle,and reducing impact force.This motion strategy will offer an inspiring approach for the practical application of AAVs to some extent.展开更多
Mo（CO）6 adsorption on the clean, oxygen-precovered and deeply oxidized Si（lll） surfaces was comparatively investigated by high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy. The downward vibrational frequency shift...Mo（CO）6 adsorption on the clean, oxygen-precovered and deeply oxidized Si（lll） surfaces was comparatively investigated by high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy. The downward vibrational frequency shift of the C-O stretching mode in adsorbed Mo（CO）6 illustrates that different interactions of adsorbed Mo（CO）6 occur on clean Si（111） and SiO2/Si（111） surfaces, weak on the former and strong on the latter. The strong interaction on SiO2/Si（111） might lead to the partial dissociation of Mo（CO）6, consequently the formation of molybdenum subcarbonyls. Therefore, employing Mo（CO）6 as the precursor, metallic molybdenum could be successfully deposited on the SiO2/Si（111） surface but not on the clean Si（111） surface. A portion of the deposited metallic molybdenum is transformed into the MoOa on the SiO2/Si（111） surface upon heating, and the evolved MoO3 finally desorbs from the substrate upon annealing at elevated temperatures.展开更多
The use of‘Electrostatic tweezers'is a promising tool for droplet manipulation,but it faces many limitations in manipulating droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces.Here,we achieve noncontact and multifunctional dr...The use of‘Electrostatic tweezers'is a promising tool for droplet manipulation,but it faces many limitations in manipulating droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces.Here,we achieve noncontact and multifunctional droplet manipulation on Nepenthes-inspired lubricated slippery surfaces via triboelectric electrostatic tweezers(TETs).The TET manipulation of droplets on a slippery surface has many advantages over electrostatic droplet manipulation on a superhydrophobic surface.The electrostatic field induces the redistribution of the charges inside the neutral droplet,which causes the triboelectric charged rod to drive the droplet to move forward under the electrostatic force.Positively or negatively charged droplets can also be driven by TET based on electrostatic attraction and repulsion.TET enables us to manipulate droplets under diverse conditions,including anti-gravity climb,suspended droplets,corrosive liquids,low-surface-tension liquids(e.g.ethanol with a surface tension of 22.3 mN·m^(-1)),different droplet volumes(from 100 nl to 0.5 ml),passing through narrow slits,sliding over damaged areas,on various solid substrates,and even droplets in an enclosed system.Various droplet-related applications,such as motion guidance,motion switching,droplet-based microreactions,surface cleaning,surface defogging,liquid sorting,and cell labeling,can be easily achieved with TETs.展开更多
Lower Earth Orbit(LEO) satellite becomes an important part of complementing terrestrial communication due to its lower orbital altitude and smaller propagation delay than Geostationary satellite. However, the LEO sate...Lower Earth Orbit(LEO) satellite becomes an important part of complementing terrestrial communication due to its lower orbital altitude and smaller propagation delay than Geostationary satellite. However, the LEO satellite communication system cannot meet the requirements of users when the satellite-terrestrial link is blocked by obstacles. To solve this problem, we introduce Intelligent reflect surface(IRS) for improving the achievable rate of terrestrial users in LEO satellite communication. We investigated joint IRS scheduling, user scheduling, power and bandwidth allocation(JIRPB) optimization algorithm for improving LEO satellite system throughput.The optimization problem of joint user scheduling and resource allocation is formulated as a non-convex optimization problem. To cope with this problem, the nonconvex optimization problem is divided into resource allocation optimization sub-problem and scheduling optimization sub-problem firstly. Second, we optimize the resource allocation sub-problem via alternating direction multiplier method(ADMM) and scheduling sub-problem via Lagrangian dual method repeatedly.Third, we prove that the proposed resource allocation algorithm based ADMM approaches sublinear convergence theoretically. Finally, we demonstrate that the proposed JIRPB optimization algorithm improves the LEO satellite communication system throughput.展开更多
The increasing concentration of atmospheric CO_(2) since the Industrial Revolution has affected surface air temperature.However,the impact of the spatial distribution of atmospheric CO_(2) concentration on surface air...The increasing concentration of atmospheric CO_(2) since the Industrial Revolution has affected surface air temperature.However,the impact of the spatial distribution of atmospheric CO_(2) concentration on surface air temperature biases remains highly unclear.By incorporating the spatial distribution of satellite-derived atmospheric CO_(2) concentration in the Beijing Normal University Earth System Model,this study investigated the increase in surface air temperature since the Industrial Revolution in the Northern Hemisphere(NH) under historical conditions from 1976-2005.In comparison with the increase in surface temperature simulated using a uniform distribution of CO_(2),simulation with a nonuniform distribution of CO_(2)produced better agreement with the Climatic Research Unit(CRU) data in the NH under the historical condition relative to the baseline over the period 1901-30.Hemispheric June-July-August(JJA) surface air temperature increased by 1.28℃ ±0.29℃ in simulations with a uniform distribution of CO_(2),by 1.00℃±0.24℃ in simulations with a non-uniform distribution of CO_(2),and by 0.24℃ in the CRU data.The decrease in downward shortwave radiation in the non-uniform CO_(2) simulation was primarily attributable to reduced warming in Eurasia,combined with feedbacks resulting from increased leaf area index(LAI) and latent heat fluxes.These effects were more pronounced in the non-uniform CO_(2)simulation compared to the uniform CO_(2) simulation.Results indicate that consideration of the spatial distribution of CO_(2)concentration can reduce the overestimated increase in surface air temperature simulated by Earth system models.展开更多
Full concentration gradient lithium-rich layered oxides are catching lots of interest as the next generation cathode for lithium-ion batteries due to their high discharge voltage,reduced voltage decay and enhanced rat...Full concentration gradient lithium-rich layered oxides are catching lots of interest as the next generation cathode for lithium-ion batteries due to their high discharge voltage,reduced voltage decay and enhanced rate performance,whereas the high lithium residues on its surface impairs the structure stability and long-term cycle performance.Herein,a facile multifunctional surface modification method is implemented to eliminate surface lithium residues of full concentration gradient lithium-rich layered oxides by a wet chemistry reaction with tetrabutyl titanate and the post-annealing process.It realizes not only a stable Li_(2)TiO_(3)coating layer with 3D diffusion channels for fast Li^(+)ions transfer,but also dopes partial Ti^(4+)ions into the sub-surface region of full concentration gradient lithium-rich layered oxides to further strengthen its crystal structure.Consequently,the modified full concentration gradient lithium-rich layered oxides exhibit improved structure stability,elevated thermal stability with decomposition temperature from 289.57℃to 321.72℃,and enhanced cycle performance(205.1 mAh g^(-1)after 150 cycles)with slowed voltage drop(1.67 mV per cycle).This work proposes a facile and integrated modification method to enhance the comprehensive performance of full concentration gradient lithium-rich layered oxides,which can facilitate its practical application for developing higher energy density lithium-ion batteries.展开更多
Surface metallization of glass fiber(GF)/polyetheretherketone(PEEK)[GF/PEEK] is conducted by coating copper using electroplating and magnetron sputtering and the properties are determined by X-ray diffraction(XRD), sc...Surface metallization of glass fiber(GF)/polyetheretherketone(PEEK)[GF/PEEK] is conducted by coating copper using electroplating and magnetron sputtering and the properties are determined by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), and electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD).The coating bonding strength is assessed by pull-out tests and scribing in accordance with GB/T 9286-1998.The results show that the Cu coating with a thickness of 30 μm deposited on GF/PEEK by magnetron sputtering has lower roughness, finer grain size, higher crystallinity, as well as better macroscopic compressive stress,bonding strength, and electrical conductivity than the Cu coating deposited by electroplating.展开更多
In order to determine the structures of Si（111）-√7 √3-In surfaces and to understand their electronic properties, we construct six models of both hexagonal and rectangular types and perform first-principles calcula...In order to determine the structures of Si（111）-√7 √3-In surfaces and to understand their electronic properties, we construct six models of both hexagonal and rectangular types and perform first-principles calculations. Their scanning tunneling microscopic images and work functions are simulated and compared with experimental results. In this way, the hex-H3＇ and rect-T1 models are identified as the experimental configurations for the hexagonal and rectangular types, respectively. The structural evolution mechanism of the In/Si（lll） surface with indium coverage around 1.0 monolayer is discussed. The 4×1 and -√7× √3 phases are suggested to have two different types of evolution mechanisms, consistent with experimental results.展开更多
In seismology and earthquake engineering,it is fundamental to identify and characterize the pulse-like features in pulse-type ground motions.To capture the pulses that dominate structural responses,this study establis...In seismology and earthquake engineering,it is fundamental to identify and characterize the pulse-like features in pulse-type ground motions.To capture the pulses that dominate structural responses,this study establishes congruence and shift relationships between response spectrum surfaces.A similarity search between spectrum surfaces,supplemented with a similarity search in time series,has been applied to characterize the pulse-like features in pulse-type ground motions.The identified pulses are tested in predicting the rocking consequences of slender rectangular blocks under the original ground motions.Generally,the prediction is promising for the majority of the ground motions where the dominant pulse is correctly identified.展开更多
To investigate the interaction of the bolt-reinforced rock and the surface support,an analytical model of the convergence-confinement type is proposed,considering the sequential installation of the fully grouted rockb...To investigate the interaction of the bolt-reinforced rock and the surface support,an analytical model of the convergence-confinement type is proposed,considering the sequential installation of the fully grouted rockbolts and the surface support.The rock mass is assumed to be elastic-brittle-plastic material,obeying the linear Mohr-Coulomb criterion or the non-linear Hoek-Brown criterion.According to the strain states of the tunnel wall at bolt and surface support installation and the relative magnitude between the bolt length and the plastic depth during the whole process,six cases are categorized upon solving the problem.Each case is divided into three stages due to the different effects of the active rockbolts and the passive surface support.The fictitious pressure is introduced to quantify the threedimensional(3D)effect of the tunnel face,and thus,the actual physical location along the tunnel axis of the analytical section can be considered.By using the bolt-rock strain compatibility and the rocksurface support displacement compatibility conditions,the solutions of longitudinal tunnel displacement and the reaction pressure of surface support along the tunnel axis are obtained.The proposed analytical solutions are validated by a series of 3D numerical simulations.Extensive parametric studies are conducted to examine the effect of the typical parameters of rockbolts and surface support on the tunnel displacement and the reaction pressure of the surface support under different rock conditions.The results show that the rockbolts are more effective in controlling the tunnel displacement than the surface support,which should be installed as soon as possible with a suitable length.For tunnels excavated in weak rocks or with restricted displacement control requirements,the surface support should also be installed or closed timely with a certain stiffness.The proposed method provides a convenient alternative approach for the optimization of rockbolts and surface support at the preliminary stage of tunnel design.展开更多
Mining-induced surface deformation disrupts ecological balance and impedes economic progress.This study employs SBAS-InSAR with 107-view of ascending and descending SAR data from Sentinel-1,spanning February 2017 to S...Mining-induced surface deformation disrupts ecological balance and impedes economic progress.This study employs SBAS-InSAR with 107-view of ascending and descending SAR data from Sentinel-1,spanning February 2017 to September 2020,to monitor surface deformation in the Fa’er Coal Mine,Guizhou Province.Analysis on the surface deformation time series reveals the relationship between underground mining and surface shifts.Considering geological conditions,mining activities,duration,and ranges,the study determines surface movement parameters for the coal mine.It asserts that mining depth significantly influences surface movement parameters in mountainous mining areas.Increasing mining depth elevates the strike movement angle on the deeper side of the burial depth by 22.84°,while decreasing by 7.74°on the shallower side.Uphill movement angles decrease by 4.06°,while downhill movement angles increase by 15.71°.This emphasizes the technology's suitability for local mining design,which lays the groundwork for resource development,disaster prevention,and ecological protection in analogous contexts.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFA1502804)the Regional Innovation and Development Joint Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20430)+3 种基金the Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering(2022SX-FR001)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(202203021212201)the Scientific and Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxithe Foundation of Taiyuan University of Technology(2022QN138)
文摘Pd-based catalysts are extensively employed to catalyze CO oxidative coupling to generate DMO,while the expensive price and high usage of Pd hinder its massive application in industrial production.Designing Pd-based catalysts with high efficiency and low Pd usage as well as expounding the catalytic mechanisms are significant for the reaction.In this study,we theoretically predict that Pd stripe doping Co(111)surface exhibits excellent performance than pure Pd(111),Pd monolayer supporting on Co(111)and Pd single atom doping Co(111)surface,and clearly expound the catalytic mechanisms through the density functional theory(DFT)calculation and micro-reaction kinetic model analysis.It is obtained that the favorable reaction pathway is COOCH_(3)-COOCH_(3)coupling pathway over these four catalysts,while the rate-controlling step is COOCH_(3)+CO+OCH_(3)→2COOCH_(3)on Pd stripe doping Co(111)surface,which is different from the case(2COOCH_(3)→DMO)on pure Pd(111),Pd monolayer supporting on Co(111)and Pd single atom doping Co(111)surface.This study can contribute a certain reference value for developing Pd-based catalysts with high efficiency and low Pd usage for CO oxidative coupling to DMO.
基金supported by Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (No. 1003016001)。
文摘Flexible surface micro-discharge plasma is a non-thermal plasma technique used for treating wounds in a painless way, with significant efficacy for chronic or hard-to-heal wounds. In this study, a confined space was designed to simulate wound conditions, with gelatin used to simulate wound tissue. The distinction between open and confined spaces was explored, and the effects of temperature, humidity, discharge power and the gap size within the confined space on the plasma characteristics were analyzed. It was found that temperature, humidity and discharge power are important factors that affect the concentration distribution of active components and the mode transition between ozone and nitrogen oxides. Compared to open space, the concentration of ozone in confined space was relatively lower, which facilitated the formation of nitrogen oxides. In open space, the discharge was dominated by ozone initially. As the temperature,humidity and discharge power increased, nitrogen oxides in the gas-phase products were gradually detected. In confined space, nitrogen oxides can be detected at an early stage and at much higher concentrations than ozone concentration. Furthermore, as the gap of the confined space decreased, the concentration of ozone was observed to decrease while that of nitrate increased, and the rate of this concentration change was further accelerated at higher temperature and higher power. It was shown that ozone concentration decreased from 0.11 to 0.03 μmol and the nitrate concentration increased from 20.5 to 24.5 μmol when the spacing in the confined space was reduced from 5 to 1 mm, the temperature of the external discharge was controlled at 40 ℃, and the discharge power was 12 W. In summary, this study reveals the formation and transformation mechanisms of active substances in air surface micro-discharge plasma within confined space, providing foundational data for its medical applications.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(Grant No.ZR2021MF049)Joint Fund of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant Nos.ZR2022LLZ012 and ZR2021LLZ001)the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province,China(Grant No.2023CXGC010901)。
文摘Quantum computing has the potential to solve complex problems that are inefficiently handled by classical computation.However,the high sensitivity of qubits to environmental interference and the high error rates in current quantum devices exceed the error correction thresholds required for effective algorithm execution.Therefore,quantum error correction technology is crucial to achieving reliable quantum computing.In this work,we study a topological surface code with a two-dimensional lattice structure that protects quantum information by introducing redundancy across multiple qubits and using syndrome qubits to detect and correct errors.However,errors can occur not only in data qubits but also in syndrome qubits,and different types of errors may generate the same syndromes,complicating the decoding task and creating a need for more efficient decoding methods.To address this challenge,we used a transformer decoder based on an attention mechanism.By mapping the surface code lattice,the decoder performs a self-attention process on all input syndromes,thereby obtaining a global receptive field.The performance of the decoder was evaluated under a phenomenological error model.Numerical results demonstrate that the decoder achieved a decoding accuracy of 93.8%.Additionally,we obtained decoding thresholds of 5%and 6.05%at maximum code distances of 7 and 9,respectively.These results indicate that the decoder used demonstrates a certain capability in correcting noise errors in surface codes.
基金Funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2024AFB833)。
文摘Silica fibers were modified by a specific ratio of SiB6 mixed with silica sol through vacuum impregnation method.The modified fibers were then incorporated into a phenolic resin matrix to prepare fiber-reinforced resin composites.The influences of the SiB_(6)/SiO_(2)mixed modification on silica fiber properties were analyzed through thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and X-ray diffraction(XRD),respectively.Additionally,the influence of the SiB_(6)/SiO_(2)mixed modification on the mechanical properties of phenolic resin matrix composites was evaluated through mechanical testing.The experimeatal results indicate that the SiB_(6)/SiO_(2)mixed surface modification shows significant improvement in strength at room temperature and high temperatures,and crystallization temperature of silica fiber increases.The SiB_(6)/Silica sol co-modified silica fiber shows potential for future application in thermal protection and other high-temperature conditions.
文摘AIM:To evaluate the demographics,clinical characteristics,treatments,and outcomes of patients with ocular surface squamous neoplasia(OSSN)at the Philippine General Hospital.METHODS:This was a single-center,11-year retrospective,cross sectional case series on 18 cases of OSSN seen between January 2012 to June 2023.The patient’s demographics,presenting symptoms,tumor characteristics,histopathologic diagnosis,treatment,outcomes,and duration of follow-up were reviewed.RESULTS:Out of 33 identified cases of OSSN,only 18 were eligible for inclusion in the study.Mean age was 60.78y(range 31 to 80),with male predominance(66.67%).The left eye was most commonly affected(61.11%)with most presenting with fleshy mass(83.33%).Most tumors were located nasally(66.67%)and were predominantly papilliform(44.44%)in morphology with associated hyperpigmentation(38.89%).Squamous cell carcinoma(SCCA)was the most common histopathologic diagnosis(72.22%).The main primary treatment was surgical excision(94.44%)with or without adjunctive therapy,with only 1 patient undergoing first-line topical chemotherapy.Only 3 recurrences(16.67%)were noted with a median followup of 7.5mo.A statistically significant recurrence-free odds leaning towards the utilization of cryotherapy was noted.CONCLUSION:OSSN seen at the Philippine General Hospital is presented as a limbal papilliform mass,most commonly affecting elderly males.Surgical excision with adjuvant cryotherapy and/or chemotherapy is the preferred mode of treatment.
基金supported by Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(2020YFB1808101)the Project“5G evolution wireless air interface intelligent R&D and verification public platform project”supported by Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People’s Republic of China(TC220A04M).
文摘In this paper,a physical model of RIS of bistatic polarized radar cross section is derived starting from the Stratton-Chu equations under the assumptions of physical optics,PEC,far field and rectangular RIS element.In the context of important physical characteristics of the backscattering polarization of RIS,the modeling of the RIS wireless channel requires a tradeoff between complexity and accuracy,as well as usability and simplicity.For channel modeling of RIS systems,RIS is modelled as multi-equivalent virtual base stations(BSs)induced by multi polarized electromagnetic waves from different incident directions.The comparison between test and simulation results demonstrates that the proposed algorithm effectively captures the key characteristics of the general RIS element polarization physical model and provides accurate results.
文摘We build a computer program to reconstruct convex bodies using even L_(p)surface area measures for p≥1.Firstly,we transform the minimization problem Pi,which is equivalent to solving the even L_(p)Minkowski problem,into a convex optimization problem P4 with a finite number of constraints.This transformation makes it suitable for computational resolution.Then,we prove that the approximate solutions obtained by solving the problem P4 converge to the theoretical solution when N and k are sufficiently large.Finally,based on the convex optimization problem P_(4),we provide an algorithm for reconstructing convex bodies from even L_(p)surface area measures,and present several examples implemented using MATLAB.
基金supported by Southern Marine Science and Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)(Grant No.SML2023SP229)。
文摘The maneuverability and stealth of aerial-aquatic vehicles(AAVs)is of significant importance for future integrated air-sea combat missions.To improve the maneuverability and stealth of AAVs near the water surface,this paper proposed a high-maneuverability skipping motion strategy for the tandem twin-rotor AAV,inspired by the motion behavior of the flying fish to avoid aquatic and aerial predators near the water surface.The novel tandem twin-rotor AAV was employed as the research subject and a strategybased ADRC control method for validation,comparing it with a strategy-based PID control method.The results indicate that both control methods enable the designed AAV to achieve high stealth and maneuverability near the water surface with robust control stability.The strategy-based ADRC control method exhibits a certain advantage in controlling height,pitch angle,and reducing impact force.This motion strategy will offer an inspiring approach for the practical application of AAVs to some extent.
文摘Mo（CO）6 adsorption on the clean, oxygen-precovered and deeply oxidized Si（lll） surfaces was comparatively investigated by high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy. The downward vibrational frequency shift of the C-O stretching mode in adsorbed Mo（CO）6 illustrates that different interactions of adsorbed Mo（CO）6 occur on clean Si（111） and SiO2/Si（111） surfaces, weak on the former and strong on the latter. The strong interaction on SiO2/Si（111） might lead to the partial dissociation of Mo（CO）6, consequently the formation of molybdenum subcarbonyls. Therefore, employing Mo（CO）6 as the precursor, metallic molybdenum could be successfully deposited on the SiO2/Si（111） surface but not on the clean Si（111） surface. A portion of the deposited metallic molybdenum is transformed into the MoOa on the SiO2/Si（111） surface upon heating, and the evolved MoO3 finally desorbs from the substrate upon annealing at elevated temperatures.
基金supported by the USTC Research Funds of the Double First-Class Initiative(Nos.YD2090002013,YD234000009)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61927814,62325507,52122511,U20A20290,62005262)。
文摘The use of‘Electrostatic tweezers'is a promising tool for droplet manipulation,but it faces many limitations in manipulating droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces.Here,we achieve noncontact and multifunctional droplet manipulation on Nepenthes-inspired lubricated slippery surfaces via triboelectric electrostatic tweezers(TETs).The TET manipulation of droplets on a slippery surface has many advantages over electrostatic droplet manipulation on a superhydrophobic surface.The electrostatic field induces the redistribution of the charges inside the neutral droplet,which causes the triboelectric charged rod to drive the droplet to move forward under the electrostatic force.Positively or negatively charged droplets can also be driven by TET based on electrostatic attraction and repulsion.TET enables us to manipulate droplets under diverse conditions,including anti-gravity climb,suspended droplets,corrosive liquids,low-surface-tension liquids(e.g.ethanol with a surface tension of 22.3 mN·m^(-1)),different droplet volumes(from 100 nl to 0.5 ml),passing through narrow slits,sliding over damaged areas,on various solid substrates,and even droplets in an enclosed system.Various droplet-related applications,such as motion guidance,motion switching,droplet-based microreactions,surface cleaning,surface defogging,liquid sorting,and cell labeling,can be easily achieved with TETs.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China under Grant 2020YFB1807900the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under Grant 61931005Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications-China Mobile Research Institute Joint Innovation Center。
文摘Lower Earth Orbit(LEO) satellite becomes an important part of complementing terrestrial communication due to its lower orbital altitude and smaller propagation delay than Geostationary satellite. However, the LEO satellite communication system cannot meet the requirements of users when the satellite-terrestrial link is blocked by obstacles. To solve this problem, we introduce Intelligent reflect surface(IRS) for improving the achievable rate of terrestrial users in LEO satellite communication. We investigated joint IRS scheduling, user scheduling, power and bandwidth allocation(JIRPB) optimization algorithm for improving LEO satellite system throughput.The optimization problem of joint user scheduling and resource allocation is formulated as a non-convex optimization problem. To cope with this problem, the nonconvex optimization problem is divided into resource allocation optimization sub-problem and scheduling optimization sub-problem firstly. Second, we optimize the resource allocation sub-problem via alternating direction multiplier method(ADMM) and scheduling sub-problem via Lagrangian dual method repeatedly.Third, we prove that the proposed resource allocation algorithm based ADMM approaches sublinear convergence theoretically. Finally, we demonstrate that the proposed JIRPB optimization algorithm improves the LEO satellite communication system throughput.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.42175142,42141017 and 41975112) for supporting our study。
文摘The increasing concentration of atmospheric CO_(2) since the Industrial Revolution has affected surface air temperature.However,the impact of the spatial distribution of atmospheric CO_(2) concentration on surface air temperature biases remains highly unclear.By incorporating the spatial distribution of satellite-derived atmospheric CO_(2) concentration in the Beijing Normal University Earth System Model,this study investigated the increase in surface air temperature since the Industrial Revolution in the Northern Hemisphere(NH) under historical conditions from 1976-2005.In comparison with the increase in surface temperature simulated using a uniform distribution of CO_(2),simulation with a nonuniform distribution of CO_(2)produced better agreement with the Climatic Research Unit(CRU) data in the NH under the historical condition relative to the baseline over the period 1901-30.Hemispheric June-July-August(JJA) surface air temperature increased by 1.28℃ ±0.29℃ in simulations with a uniform distribution of CO_(2),by 1.00℃±0.24℃ in simulations with a non-uniform distribution of CO_(2),and by 0.24℃ in the CRU data.The decrease in downward shortwave radiation in the non-uniform CO_(2) simulation was primarily attributable to reduced warming in Eurasia,combined with feedbacks resulting from increased leaf area index(LAI) and latent heat fluxes.These effects were more pronounced in the non-uniform CO_(2)simulation compared to the uniform CO_(2) simulation.Results indicate that consideration of the spatial distribution of CO_(2)concentration can reduce the overestimated increase in surface air temperature simulated by Earth system models.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2022QB166,ZR2020KE032)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA22010600)+3 种基金the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(2021210)the Foundation of Qingdao Postdoctoral Application Program(Y63302190F)the Natural Science Foundation of Qingdao Institute ofBioenergy and Bioprocess Technology(QIBEBT SZ202101)support from the Max Planck-POSTECH-Hsinchu Center for Complex Phase Materials
文摘Full concentration gradient lithium-rich layered oxides are catching lots of interest as the next generation cathode for lithium-ion batteries due to their high discharge voltage,reduced voltage decay and enhanced rate performance,whereas the high lithium residues on its surface impairs the structure stability and long-term cycle performance.Herein,a facile multifunctional surface modification method is implemented to eliminate surface lithium residues of full concentration gradient lithium-rich layered oxides by a wet chemistry reaction with tetrabutyl titanate and the post-annealing process.It realizes not only a stable Li_(2)TiO_(3)coating layer with 3D diffusion channels for fast Li^(+)ions transfer,but also dopes partial Ti^(4+)ions into the sub-surface region of full concentration gradient lithium-rich layered oxides to further strengthen its crystal structure.Consequently,the modified full concentration gradient lithium-rich layered oxides exhibit improved structure stability,elevated thermal stability with decomposition temperature from 289.57℃to 321.72℃,and enhanced cycle performance(205.1 mAh g^(-1)after 150 cycles)with slowed voltage drop(1.67 mV per cycle).This work proposes a facile and integrated modification method to enhance the comprehensive performance of full concentration gradient lithium-rich layered oxides,which can facilitate its practical application for developing higher energy density lithium-ion batteries.
基金Funded by Shenzhen-Hong Kong Innovative Collaborative Research and Development Program (Nos.SGLH20181109 110802117, CityU 9240014)Innovation Project of Southwestern Institute of Physics (Nos.202001XWCXYD002, 202301XWCX003)CNNC Young Talent Program (No.2023JZYF-01)。
文摘Surface metallization of glass fiber(GF)/polyetheretherketone(PEEK)[GF/PEEK] is conducted by coating copper using electroplating and magnetron sputtering and the properties are determined by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), and electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD).The coating bonding strength is assessed by pull-out tests and scribing in accordance with GB/T 9286-1998.The results show that the Cu coating with a thickness of 30 μm deposited on GF/PEEK by magnetron sputtering has lower roughness, finer grain size, higher crystallinity, as well as better macroscopic compressive stress,bonding strength, and electrical conductivity than the Cu coating deposited by electroplating.
基金V. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.20603032, No.20733004, No.21121003, No.91021004, No.20933006）, the National Key Basic Research Program （No.2011CB921400）, the Foundation of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of China （No.200736）, the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities （No.WK2340000006 and No.WK2060140005）, and the Shanghai Supercompurer Center, the USTC-HP HPC Project, and the SCCAS.
文摘In order to determine the structures of Si（111）-√7 √3-In surfaces and to understand their electronic properties, we construct six models of both hexagonal and rectangular types and perform first-principles calculations. Their scanning tunneling microscopic images and work functions are simulated and compared with experimental results. In this way, the hex-H3＇ and rect-T1 models are identified as the experimental configurations for the hexagonal and rectangular types, respectively. The structural evolution mechanism of the In/Si（lll） surface with indium coverage around 1.0 monolayer is discussed. The 4×1 and -√7× √3 phases are suggested to have two different types of evolution mechanisms, consistent with experimental results.
基金National Key Research and Development Program,Ministry of Science and Technology of China under Grant No.2022YFC3803004the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.51838004。
文摘In seismology and earthquake engineering,it is fundamental to identify and characterize the pulse-like features in pulse-type ground motions.To capture the pulses that dominate structural responses,this study establishes congruence and shift relationships between response spectrum surfaces.A similarity search between spectrum surfaces,supplemented with a similarity search in time series,has been applied to characterize the pulse-like features in pulse-type ground motions.The identified pulses are tested in predicting the rocking consequences of slender rectangular blocks under the original ground motions.Generally,the prediction is promising for the majority of the ground motions where the dominant pulse is correctly identified.
基金funding support from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2023JBZY024)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52208382 and 52278387).
文摘To investigate the interaction of the bolt-reinforced rock and the surface support,an analytical model of the convergence-confinement type is proposed,considering the sequential installation of the fully grouted rockbolts and the surface support.The rock mass is assumed to be elastic-brittle-plastic material,obeying the linear Mohr-Coulomb criterion or the non-linear Hoek-Brown criterion.According to the strain states of the tunnel wall at bolt and surface support installation and the relative magnitude between the bolt length and the plastic depth during the whole process,six cases are categorized upon solving the problem.Each case is divided into three stages due to the different effects of the active rockbolts and the passive surface support.The fictitious pressure is introduced to quantify the threedimensional(3D)effect of the tunnel face,and thus,the actual physical location along the tunnel axis of the analytical section can be considered.By using the bolt-rock strain compatibility and the rocksurface support displacement compatibility conditions,the solutions of longitudinal tunnel displacement and the reaction pressure of surface support along the tunnel axis are obtained.The proposed analytical solutions are validated by a series of 3D numerical simulations.Extensive parametric studies are conducted to examine the effect of the typical parameters of rockbolts and surface support on the tunnel displacement and the reaction pressure of the surface support under different rock conditions.The results show that the rockbolts are more effective in controlling the tunnel displacement than the surface support,which should be installed as soon as possible with a suitable length.For tunnels excavated in weak rocks or with restricted displacement control requirements,the surface support should also be installed or closed timely with a certain stiffness.The proposed method provides a convenient alternative approach for the optimization of rockbolts and surface support at the preliminary stage of tunnel design.
基金supported in part by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA28060201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42067046)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guiyang City(Grant No.ZKHT[2023]13-10).
文摘Mining-induced surface deformation disrupts ecological balance and impedes economic progress.This study employs SBAS-InSAR with 107-view of ascending and descending SAR data from Sentinel-1,spanning February 2017 to September 2020,to monitor surface deformation in the Fa’er Coal Mine,Guizhou Province.Analysis on the surface deformation time series reveals the relationship between underground mining and surface shifts.Considering geological conditions,mining activities,duration,and ranges,the study determines surface movement parameters for the coal mine.It asserts that mining depth significantly influences surface movement parameters in mountainous mining areas.Increasing mining depth elevates the strike movement angle on the deeper side of the burial depth by 22.84°,while decreasing by 7.74°on the shallower side.Uphill movement angles decrease by 4.06°,while downhill movement angles increase by 15.71°.This emphasizes the technology's suitability for local mining design,which lays the groundwork for resource development,disaster prevention,and ecological protection in analogous contexts.
