A new dihydrochromone derivative, named chaenomone, was isolated from the twigs of Chaenomeles sinensis (Thouin) Koehne. The structure was determined by spectroscopic methods.
Chaenomeles speciosa(Sweet)Nakai cultivated widely in temperate regions possesses anti-inflammatory properties,however,the underlying molecular mechanisms remain not fully understood.In this study,a purified phenolic ...Chaenomeles speciosa(Sweet)Nakai cultivated widely in temperate regions possesses anti-inflammatory properties,however,the underlying molecular mechanisms remain not fully understood.In this study,a purified phenolic extract of C.speciosa rich in chlorogenic acid,procyanidin B1 and catechin(determined by HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS)exhibited dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effects on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-treated RAW264.7 macrophages.The extract at 30μg/mL was most potent and enabled most cells in normal morphology under LPS stimulation without causing cytotoxicity.The extract suppressed the levels of nitric oxide(NO),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6)and interleukin-1β(IL-1β),and the mRNA and protein expressions of nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)and cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2).The mechanisms underlying such anti-inflammatory actions included the regulation of phosphorylation of related proteins to monitor the expressions of inflammatory mediators and genes in the nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)and mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling pathways.Therefore,the phenolic extract from C.speciosa is a desirable anti-inflammatory agent for inflammatory conditions to meet the rising demand for natural and cost-effective therapeutics.展开更多
Ultrasound was applied for the extraction of pectin from chaenomeles. The content of pectin was evaluated by carbazole colorimetric method. Based on the results of the single factor experiment and the orthogonal tests...Ultrasound was applied for the extraction of pectin from chaenomeles. The content of pectin was evaluated by carbazole colorimetric method. Based on the results of the single factor experiment and the orthogonal tests, the optimum extraction parameters are as follows: the solid-to-liquid ratio is 1:4 g/m L, the ultrasonic power is 320 W, the ultrasonic-assisted extraction temperature is 60 °C, the ultrasonic-assisted extraction time is 50 min, and p H value is 2.0. Compared with acid hydrolyze methods, the extraction time of the present technique decreases from 70 min to 50 min, and the extraction yield increases from 1.39% to 2.61%. The results show that ultrasonic-assisted extraction is time-saving and highly efficient, so it provides a new way to extract pectin from chaenomeles.展开更多
OBJECTIVE Gastric ulcers affect people of all ages and half of the world's population,which is being considered as the new"plague of the 21st century".As is well known,gastric mucosa is known as the firs...OBJECTIVE Gastric ulcers affect people of all ages and half of the world's population,which is being considered as the new"plague of the 21st century".As is well known,gastric mucosa is known as the first guard to protect the stomach from ulcer injury,while the aetiology of gastric ulcer is relative to imbalances between gastric mucosal protective and aggressive factors.Therefore,reducing or eliminating the aggressive factors,returning to the balance of between mucosal protective and aggressive factors,and then restoring the normal functional of gastric mucosal barrier could be crucial for treating the gastric ulcer.The fruits of Chaenomeles speciosa(TCS),also known as"mugua",might be processed into edible and health care derived products,and used as a commonly used traditional medicine in China for thousands of years.In China folk,there is a saying that"apricot one benefit,pear two benefits,mgua hundred benefits",so it has a"hundred-benefit"fruit reputation.Tujia nationality inhabitants in Southwestern China should have rheumatic diseases and peptic ulcers for living in the damp environments and bingeing on spicy and pungent foods.For the exis⁃tence of the fruit derived products of Chaenomeles speciosa as their complementary foods or snacks,the habit makes them rarely suffer from the two kinds of diseases.Enlightened by these,we had investigated the structure-activity rela⁃tionships,screened out CSTT with gastroprotective activity.Our previous studies demonstrated that TCS owned effec⁃tively therapeutic effects on gastric ulcer patients and animals,and further confirmed that TFF1 and apoptotic pathway were closely interrelated with its exerting gastroprotection.However,its underlying molecular mechanisms involved have not been fully elucidated.The current study was to further investigate its protective effect on indomethacin(IND)-damaged RGM-1 cells and rats and its underlying mechanisms through modulating TFF1-mediated EGF/EGFR and apoptotic pathways.METHODS The gastroprotection of TCS was evaluated with IND-induced gastric lesions model in RGM-1 cells and rats.In vitro,the proliferation,migration,mitochondrial viability and apoptosis were assessed,In vivo,ulcer index,ulcer inhibition rate,gastric juice acidity,gastric wall mucus(GWM),histopathology of gastric mucosa were detected.The gastroprotective effects of TCS through the TFF1-mediated EGFR/EGFR and apoptotic pathways were presented and measured by qRT-PCR and Western blotting assays.RESULTS TCS had gastroprotective function,which was related to the amelioration in promoting IND-damaged RGM-1 cell proliferation and migration,hoisting gastric juice acidity and GWM,improving ulcer index and ulcer inhibition rate,attenuating the hemorrhage,edema,epithelial cell loss and inflammatory cell infiltration of gastric mucosa,upregulating proliferation cell nuclear antigen,Bcl-2,Bcl-xl mRNA and TFF1,EGF,p-EGFR,p-Src,pro-caspase-3,pro-caspase-9 protein expressions,mitochondrial viability,mitochondrial cytochrome C concentration and p-EGFR/EGFR,p-Src/Src,Bcl-2/Bax,Bcl-xl/Bad ratioes,downregulating Bax,Bad,Apaf-1 mRNA and cleaved-caspase-3,cleaved-caspase-9,cleaved-PARP-1 protein expressions,cytosol cytochrome C concentration.CONCLUSION TCS′s gastroprotective effect was closely connected with boosting TFF1 expression,acti⁃vating TFF1-mediated EGF/EGFR pathway,thus restraining mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis,which provided new insights into interpreting its underlying mechanism and promised to act as a candidate drug to treat gastric mucosal injury.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to establish a method for determining the contents of Chaenomeles cathayensis(Hemsl.)Schneid.,and analyze the changes in effective components of C.cathayensis grown in Guizhou,so a...[Objectives]This study was conducted to establish a method for determining the contents of Chaenomeles cathayensis(Hemsl.)Schneid.,and analyze the changes in effective components of C.cathayensis grown in Guizhou,so as to provide data support for the production and quality control of C.cathayensis.[Methods]The contents of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid in C.cathayensis in different areas of Guizhou were determined.The HPLC method was adopted under following conditions:chromatographic column waters C18 column(4.6 mm×150 mm,5.0μm);mobile phase:methanol-0.1 mol/L ammonium acetate(85∶15);column temperature:25℃;detection wavelength:257 nm;flow rate 1.0 ml/min.[Results]Through methodological investigations,HPLC could be used to detect the contents of the two terpenoids oleanolic acid and ursolic acid in C.cathayensis from Guizhou.The content of oleanolic acid ranged from 0.076%to 0.144%,and the content of ursolic acid ranged from 0.201%to 0.439%.[Conclusions]A method for determining the contents of C.cathayensis was established using the HPLC method with oleanolic acid and ursolic acid as the index components.The method is accurate,reliable,and simple and easy to implement,and can serve as a reference and support for quality evaluation and standard improvement of C.cathayensis.展开更多
Drought stress has been demonstrated to enhance the biosynthesis of anthocyanins in the leaves,resulting in an increased aesthetic appeal.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying drought-induced anthocyanin biosynt...Drought stress has been demonstrated to enhance the biosynthesis of anthocyanins in the leaves,resulting in an increased aesthetic appeal.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying drought-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in Chaenomeles speciosa remain unclear.In this study,the metabolites of C.speciosa leaves were analyzed,and it was found that the content of cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside increased significantly under drought stress.The differentially expressed genes CsMYB123 and CsbHLH111 were isolated by transcriptomics data analysis and gene cloning,and gene overexpression and VIGS experiments verified that both play important roles in anthocyanin biosynthesis.Subsequently,Y1H and Dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that CsMYB123 binds to the promoters of anthocyanin biosynthesis-related structural genes(such as CsCHI,CsF3H,and CsANS),while CsbHLH111 was shown to bind to the promoter of CsCHI,positively regulating its activity.Furthermore,BIFC and Y2H assays unveiled potential protein–protein interactions between CsMYB123 and CsbHLH111 at the cell nucleus.Collectively,these results shed light on the critical roles played by CsMYB123 and CsbHLH111 in anthocyanin biosynthesis,thus providing a valuable insight into understanding the molecular mechanisms of how the MYB and bHLH genes regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in the process of leaf coloration in C.speciosa.展开更多
Wrinkle Floweringquince(Chaenomeles speciose(Sweet)Nakai)seed,as an unexploited forestry residue,contains considerable amount of bioactive carbohydrates with potential functionality,which was not widely concerned.The ...Wrinkle Floweringquince(Chaenomeles speciose(Sweet)Nakai)seed,as an unexploited forestry residue,contains considerable amount of bioactive carbohydrates with potential functionality,which was not widely concerned.The aim of this study is to determine the basic characterizations(molecular weight and functional group),specificcomponents(carbohydrate,protein and uronic acid contents),and functional properties of Chaenomeles speciosa seedgum(CSG).Results indicated that carbohydrate(63.80%),protein(13.69%)and uronic acid(10.30%)contents wereachieved.The CSG(average molecular weight,9.85×106 u)consists rhamnose,arabinose,xylose and glucose in a molarpercentage of 29.77꞉10.54꞉18.55꞉15.84,respectively.The Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR)analysis revealed hydroxyl,carboxyl and methyl groups andα-glycosidic linkages are founded in the CSG.The CSG was surface active and its abilityto decrease surface tension was comparable to commercial gums.Moreover,the CSG solutions showed pseudoplasticflow behavior under dynamic shear rate at high concentrations.The GSC also presented good emulsifying and foamingproperties,indicating the potential of the GSC as bioresource stabilizer and thickener in industry.展开更多
OBJECTIVE It has been supposed that mast cells have important participation in the physiopathology of RA,however,the role of mast cells in the pathogenesis of RA remains unclear.In this study,we observed the antiapopt...OBJECTIVE It has been supposed that mast cells have important participation in the physiopathology of RA,however,the role of mast cells in the pathogenesis of RA remains unclear.In this study,we observed the antiapoptotic effects of tryptase released by mast cell on RA synovial fibroblasts.METHODS Mast cells and fibroblasts synovial were obtained from mouse.Chemical mediator release was assessed by measuringβ-hexosa-minidase release.TSCS and bone marrow-derived mast cells were co-cultured;the toxic effects of TSCS on mast cell was measured by MTT and CCK-8 method;the releasing amount of tryptase in cell supernatants was measured by Elisa assay;the expression of FLS cell membrane receptor PAR-2 was detected by flow cytometry;the apoptosis of FLS cell was detected through flow cytometry and Western blotting;the level of activated Rho-GTP was detected by the pull-down method and Western blotting.RESULTS In this study,we observed the antiapoptotic effects of tryptase released by mast cell on RA synovial fibroblasts,and found that tryptase significantly increased the expression of PAR-2 on the surface of fibroblast-like synovial cell,significantly activated Rho kinase,significantly inhibited apoptosis of fibroblast-like synovial cell induced by CH11.The release rates ofβ-hexosaminidase and the level of tryptase from bone marrow-derived mast cells after stimulation with different antigen and co-cultured with TSCS significantly decreased compared to the control group.In the co-culture system of mast cells and fibroblast-like synovial cells,TSCS treatment significantly inhibited Rho kinase(P<0.05),significantly promoted apoptosis of fibroblast-like synovial cell induced by CH11(P<0.05).CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that tryptase may play a key role in the physiopathology of RA.TSCS can inhibit mast cells activation and promote FLS cells apoptosis.This provide theoretical and experimental basis for the study of mast cells as targets for new anti-RA drugs.展开更多
Chaenomeles sinensis spot leaf cast is one of the most serious diseases in production. The biological characteristics of Marssonina coronaria were studied and the suitable pesticides against the pathogen were screened...Chaenomeles sinensis spot leaf cast is one of the most serious diseases in production. The biological characteristics of Marssonina coronaria were studied and the suitable pesticides against the pathogen were screened in the paper, to provide a scientific basis for studies on epidemic regularity and control of the disease. The effects of different nutrition and environmental conditions as well as nine pesticides on the mycelial growth of M. coronaria were investigated in this paper. The results indicated that the mycelium grew well on the PDA medium with pH of 7.0, and soluble starch and urea were suitable carbon and nitrogen sources, respec- tively. The lethal temperature was 45 ~C, and the light-dark alternation （12/12h） was benefit for mycelial growth. Among the nine tested pesticides, carbendazim was the most effective agent, with ECs0 of 8.78 mg/L, and its relative inhibition rate was 85 % under the recommended concentration of 1.0 mg/L. Mancozeb was the least effective agent, and its relative inhibition rate was only 40.8% under the recommended concentration of 1.67 mg/L.展开更多
The microwave-low-pressure process(MWLP)of total polyphenols from Chaenomeles speciosa fruit was studied,and the advantages of MWLP were further evaluated by comparing with ultra high pressure(UHP)and microwave-assist...The microwave-low-pressure process(MWLP)of total polyphenols from Chaenomeles speciosa fruit was studied,and the advantages of MWLP were further evaluated by comparing with ultra high pressure(UHP)and microwave-assisted extraction(MAE).The influences of liquid/solid ratio,extraction time,pressure,and ethanol concentration on the performance of MWLP were investigated.Thereafter,the interactive variables were further optimized by the stepwise multiple quadratic regression model on the basis of the previous univariate analysis.The results showed that temperature as an intermediate variable in MWLP significantly affected the yields of polyphenols and 3-o-caffeoyl-quinic acid,which was determined by pressure and ethanol concentration.The optimized parameters were proved to be valid because the results predicted by the stepwise multiple quadratic regression model equations fit well with the experimental results.Compared with UHP,the predominance of MWLP was that the extraction time was shortened and the cost of extraction equipment was lowered.MWLP is an effective technology since MWLP was superior to MAE based on extraction yield,solvent loss and reproducibility.展开更多
文摘A new dihydrochromone derivative, named chaenomone, was isolated from the twigs of Chaenomeles sinensis (Thouin) Koehne. The structure was determined by spectroscopic methods.
基金supported by the Key R&D Program of Forestry Shandong Province(2021TZXD014)the Science and Technology Innovation Breakthrough Project of Heze Ctiy(2021KJTP10).
文摘Chaenomeles speciosa(Sweet)Nakai cultivated widely in temperate regions possesses anti-inflammatory properties,however,the underlying molecular mechanisms remain not fully understood.In this study,a purified phenolic extract of C.speciosa rich in chlorogenic acid,procyanidin B1 and catechin(determined by HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS)exhibited dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effects on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-treated RAW264.7 macrophages.The extract at 30μg/mL was most potent and enabled most cells in normal morphology under LPS stimulation without causing cytotoxicity.The extract suppressed the levels of nitric oxide(NO),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6)and interleukin-1β(IL-1β),and the mRNA and protein expressions of nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)and cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2).The mechanisms underlying such anti-inflammatory actions included the regulation of phosphorylation of related proteins to monitor the expressions of inflammatory mediators and genes in the nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)and mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling pathways.Therefore,the phenolic extract from C.speciosa is a desirable anti-inflammatory agent for inflammatory conditions to meet the rising demand for natural and cost-effective therapeutics.
基金Project(2011ZK3171) supported by Hunan Provincial Science & Technology Department,China
文摘Ultrasound was applied for the extraction of pectin from chaenomeles. The content of pectin was evaluated by carbazole colorimetric method. Based on the results of the single factor experiment and the orthogonal tests, the optimum extraction parameters are as follows: the solid-to-liquid ratio is 1:4 g/m L, the ultrasonic power is 320 W, the ultrasonic-assisted extraction temperature is 60 °C, the ultrasonic-assisted extraction time is 50 min, and p H value is 2.0. Compared with acid hydrolyze methods, the extraction time of the present technique decreases from 70 min to 50 min, and the extraction yield increases from 1.39% to 2.61%. The results show that ultrasonic-assisted extraction is time-saving and highly efficient, so it provides a new way to extract pectin from chaenomeles.
基金Research Foundation of Hubei Biological Enzyme Engineering Technology Research Center(JS2018-06)
文摘OBJECTIVE Gastric ulcers affect people of all ages and half of the world's population,which is being considered as the new"plague of the 21st century".As is well known,gastric mucosa is known as the first guard to protect the stomach from ulcer injury,while the aetiology of gastric ulcer is relative to imbalances between gastric mucosal protective and aggressive factors.Therefore,reducing or eliminating the aggressive factors,returning to the balance of between mucosal protective and aggressive factors,and then restoring the normal functional of gastric mucosal barrier could be crucial for treating the gastric ulcer.The fruits of Chaenomeles speciosa(TCS),also known as"mugua",might be processed into edible and health care derived products,and used as a commonly used traditional medicine in China for thousands of years.In China folk,there is a saying that"apricot one benefit,pear two benefits,mgua hundred benefits",so it has a"hundred-benefit"fruit reputation.Tujia nationality inhabitants in Southwestern China should have rheumatic diseases and peptic ulcers for living in the damp environments and bingeing on spicy and pungent foods.For the exis⁃tence of the fruit derived products of Chaenomeles speciosa as their complementary foods or snacks,the habit makes them rarely suffer from the two kinds of diseases.Enlightened by these,we had investigated the structure-activity rela⁃tionships,screened out CSTT with gastroprotective activity.Our previous studies demonstrated that TCS owned effec⁃tively therapeutic effects on gastric ulcer patients and animals,and further confirmed that TFF1 and apoptotic pathway were closely interrelated with its exerting gastroprotection.However,its underlying molecular mechanisms involved have not been fully elucidated.The current study was to further investigate its protective effect on indomethacin(IND)-damaged RGM-1 cells and rats and its underlying mechanisms through modulating TFF1-mediated EGF/EGFR and apoptotic pathways.METHODS The gastroprotection of TCS was evaluated with IND-induced gastric lesions model in RGM-1 cells and rats.In vitro,the proliferation,migration,mitochondrial viability and apoptosis were assessed,In vivo,ulcer index,ulcer inhibition rate,gastric juice acidity,gastric wall mucus(GWM),histopathology of gastric mucosa were detected.The gastroprotective effects of TCS through the TFF1-mediated EGFR/EGFR and apoptotic pathways were presented and measured by qRT-PCR and Western blotting assays.RESULTS TCS had gastroprotective function,which was related to the amelioration in promoting IND-damaged RGM-1 cell proliferation and migration,hoisting gastric juice acidity and GWM,improving ulcer index and ulcer inhibition rate,attenuating the hemorrhage,edema,epithelial cell loss and inflammatory cell infiltration of gastric mucosa,upregulating proliferation cell nuclear antigen,Bcl-2,Bcl-xl mRNA and TFF1,EGF,p-EGFR,p-Src,pro-caspase-3,pro-caspase-9 protein expressions,mitochondrial viability,mitochondrial cytochrome C concentration and p-EGFR/EGFR,p-Src/Src,Bcl-2/Bax,Bcl-xl/Bad ratioes,downregulating Bax,Bad,Apaf-1 mRNA and cleaved-caspase-3,cleaved-caspase-9,cleaved-PARP-1 protein expressions,cytosol cytochrome C concentration.CONCLUSION TCS′s gastroprotective effect was closely connected with boosting TFF1 expression,acti⁃vating TFF1-mediated EGF/EGFR pathway,thus restraining mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis,which provided new insights into interpreting its underlying mechanism and promised to act as a candidate drug to treat gastric mucosal injury.
基金Science and Technology Innovation Platform Construction Project of Anshun City(ASKP[2017]03)。
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to establish a method for determining the contents of Chaenomeles cathayensis(Hemsl.)Schneid.,and analyze the changes in effective components of C.cathayensis grown in Guizhou,so as to provide data support for the production and quality control of C.cathayensis.[Methods]The contents of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid in C.cathayensis in different areas of Guizhou were determined.The HPLC method was adopted under following conditions:chromatographic column waters C18 column(4.6 mm×150 mm,5.0μm);mobile phase:methanol-0.1 mol/L ammonium acetate(85∶15);column temperature:25℃;detection wavelength:257 nm;flow rate 1.0 ml/min.[Results]Through methodological investigations,HPLC could be used to detect the contents of the two terpenoids oleanolic acid and ursolic acid in C.cathayensis from Guizhou.The content of oleanolic acid ranged from 0.076%to 0.144%,and the content of ursolic acid ranged from 0.201%to 0.439%.[Conclusions]A method for determining the contents of C.cathayensis was established using the HPLC method with oleanolic acid and ursolic acid as the index components.The method is accurate,reliable,and simple and easy to implement,and can serve as a reference and support for quality evaluation and standard improvement of C.cathayensis.
基金Open access funding provided by Shanghai Jiao Tong Universityfunded by National Natural Science Foundation of China,grant number 32171862Plant Resources of Rosaceae in the Qinling Mountains Research on investigation,evaluation,development and utilization,grant number SXLk2020-02.
文摘Drought stress has been demonstrated to enhance the biosynthesis of anthocyanins in the leaves,resulting in an increased aesthetic appeal.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying drought-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in Chaenomeles speciosa remain unclear.In this study,the metabolites of C.speciosa leaves were analyzed,and it was found that the content of cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside increased significantly under drought stress.The differentially expressed genes CsMYB123 and CsbHLH111 were isolated by transcriptomics data analysis and gene cloning,and gene overexpression and VIGS experiments verified that both play important roles in anthocyanin biosynthesis.Subsequently,Y1H and Dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that CsMYB123 binds to the promoters of anthocyanin biosynthesis-related structural genes(such as CsCHI,CsF3H,and CsANS),while CsbHLH111 was shown to bind to the promoter of CsCHI,positively regulating its activity.Furthermore,BIFC and Y2H assays unveiled potential protein–protein interactions between CsMYB123 and CsbHLH111 at the cell nucleus.Collectively,these results shed light on the critical roles played by CsMYB123 and CsbHLH111 in anthocyanin biosynthesis,thus providing a valuable insight into understanding the molecular mechanisms of how the MYB and bHLH genes regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in the process of leaf coloration in C.speciosa.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFD0400902-3).
文摘Wrinkle Floweringquince(Chaenomeles speciose(Sweet)Nakai)seed,as an unexploited forestry residue,contains considerable amount of bioactive carbohydrates with potential functionality,which was not widely concerned.The aim of this study is to determine the basic characterizations(molecular weight and functional group),specificcomponents(carbohydrate,protein and uronic acid contents),and functional properties of Chaenomeles speciosa seedgum(CSG).Results indicated that carbohydrate(63.80%),protein(13.69%)and uronic acid(10.30%)contents wereachieved.The CSG(average molecular weight,9.85×106 u)consists rhamnose,arabinose,xylose and glucose in a molarpercentage of 29.77꞉10.54꞉18.55꞉15.84,respectively.The Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR)analysis revealed hydroxyl,carboxyl and methyl groups andα-glycosidic linkages are founded in the CSG.The CSG was surface active and its abilityto decrease surface tension was comparable to commercial gums.Moreover,the CSG solutions showed pseudoplasticflow behavior under dynamic shear rate at high concentrations.The GSC also presented good emulsifying and foamingproperties,indicating the potential of the GSC as bioresource stabilizer and thickener in industry.
基金The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81274166,81673665)Project in Hubei Province Department of Education(B20101201)+1 种基金Yichang City Technology Bureau Project(2010A01301-04)China Three Gorges University Research Fund(0620080702)
文摘OBJECTIVE It has been supposed that mast cells have important participation in the physiopathology of RA,however,the role of mast cells in the pathogenesis of RA remains unclear.In this study,we observed the antiapoptotic effects of tryptase released by mast cell on RA synovial fibroblasts.METHODS Mast cells and fibroblasts synovial were obtained from mouse.Chemical mediator release was assessed by measuringβ-hexosa-minidase release.TSCS and bone marrow-derived mast cells were co-cultured;the toxic effects of TSCS on mast cell was measured by MTT and CCK-8 method;the releasing amount of tryptase in cell supernatants was measured by Elisa assay;the expression of FLS cell membrane receptor PAR-2 was detected by flow cytometry;the apoptosis of FLS cell was detected through flow cytometry and Western blotting;the level of activated Rho-GTP was detected by the pull-down method and Western blotting.RESULTS In this study,we observed the antiapoptotic effects of tryptase released by mast cell on RA synovial fibroblasts,and found that tryptase significantly increased the expression of PAR-2 on the surface of fibroblast-like synovial cell,significantly activated Rho kinase,significantly inhibited apoptosis of fibroblast-like synovial cell induced by CH11.The release rates ofβ-hexosaminidase and the level of tryptase from bone marrow-derived mast cells after stimulation with different antigen and co-cultured with TSCS significantly decreased compared to the control group.In the co-culture system of mast cells and fibroblast-like synovial cells,TSCS treatment significantly inhibited Rho kinase(P<0.05),significantly promoted apoptosis of fibroblast-like synovial cell induced by CH11(P<0.05).CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that tryptase may play a key role in the physiopathology of RA.TSCS can inhibit mast cells activation and promote FLS cells apoptosis.This provide theoretical and experimental basis for the study of mast cells as targets for new anti-RA drugs.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31200488)Applied Basic Research Project of Yunnan Province(2011FB066)Open Fund of Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables of Hubei Province(2014K05)
文摘Chaenomeles sinensis spot leaf cast is one of the most serious diseases in production. The biological characteristics of Marssonina coronaria were studied and the suitable pesticides against the pathogen were screened in the paper, to provide a scientific basis for studies on epidemic regularity and control of the disease. The effects of different nutrition and environmental conditions as well as nine pesticides on the mycelial growth of M. coronaria were investigated in this paper. The results indicated that the mycelium grew well on the PDA medium with pH of 7.0, and soluble starch and urea were suitable carbon and nitrogen sources, respec- tively. The lethal temperature was 45 ~C, and the light-dark alternation （12/12h） was benefit for mycelial growth. Among the nine tested pesticides, carbendazim was the most effective agent, with ECs0 of 8.78 mg/L, and its relative inhibition rate was 85 % under the recommended concentration of 1.0 mg/L. Mancozeb was the least effective agent, and its relative inhibition rate was only 40.8% under the recommended concentration of 1.67 mg/L.
基金This research was supported by China National“12th Five-Year Plan”Scientific and Technological Support Projects(2012BAD31B01 and 2012BAK17B06)from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China.
文摘The microwave-low-pressure process(MWLP)of total polyphenols from Chaenomeles speciosa fruit was studied,and the advantages of MWLP were further evaluated by comparing with ultra high pressure(UHP)and microwave-assisted extraction(MAE).The influences of liquid/solid ratio,extraction time,pressure,and ethanol concentration on the performance of MWLP were investigated.Thereafter,the interactive variables were further optimized by the stepwise multiple quadratic regression model on the basis of the previous univariate analysis.The results showed that temperature as an intermediate variable in MWLP significantly affected the yields of polyphenols and 3-o-caffeoyl-quinic acid,which was determined by pressure and ethanol concentration.The optimized parameters were proved to be valid because the results predicted by the stepwise multiple quadratic regression model equations fit well with the experimental results.Compared with UHP,the predominance of MWLP was that the extraction time was shortened and the cost of extraction equipment was lowered.MWLP is an effective technology since MWLP was superior to MAE based on extraction yield,solvent loss and reproducibility.
