为了解crp/cya基因对鸡白痢沙门菌毒力和生物学特性的影响,本研究构建缺失1182 bp cya基因的重组自杀性质粒pREΔcya,并经酶切和测序鉴定正确后,转化大肠杆菌χ7213作为供体菌,分别以鸡白痢沙门菌C79-13株和本研究室前期构建的其crp基...为了解crp/cya基因对鸡白痢沙门菌毒力和生物学特性的影响,本研究构建缺失1182 bp cya基因的重组自杀性质粒pREΔcya,并经酶切和测序鉴定正确后,转化大肠杆菌χ7213作为供体菌,分别以鸡白痢沙门菌C79-13株和本研究室前期构建的其crp基因缺失株C79-13Δcrp(简写为Δcrp)为受体菌,利用重组自杀性质粒介导的同源重组技术构建C79-13菌株的单基因缺失株Δcya以及双基因缺失株ΔcrpΔcya,并均经PCR和测序鉴定。将这3株菌连续传60代后每隔10代分别利用PCR鉴定cya基因缺失的遗传稳定性;利用玻片凝集试验鉴定各菌株的血清型,并鉴定各菌株的生化反应特性;绘制各菌株的生长曲线分析缺失株与亲本株的生长特性;通过微量结晶紫法检测各菌株的生物被膜(BF)形成能力。PCR和测序鉴定结果显示Δcya、ΔcrpΔcya均正确构建,且cya基因缺失均具有稳定的遗传性。血清型及生化鉴定结果显示,菌株Δcya、Δcrp、ΔcrpΔcya均保留了C79-13的O9血清型,而失去了发酵蔗糖、鼠李糖、葡萄糖、麦芽糖等糖类的能力。生长曲线及BF形成能力的检测结果显示,各缺失株的生长速度较亲本株相比均显著降低,尤其双基因缺失株ΔcrpΔcya的生长速度极显著下降(P<0.01),且基因缺失株BF的形成能力均极显著降低(P<0.01),其中双基因缺失株BF的形成能力更低。将3株缺失菌及亲本菌分别以不同的剂量(5×10^(8)cfu/只~7×10^(11)cfu/只)经腹腔注射感染雏鸡进行毒力试验,计算各菌株对雏鸡的半数致死量(LD_(50))。将各缺失株以10^(7) cfu/mL两次经灌服免疫雏鸡,100μL/只,二免后7 d各组雏鸡均以5.0×10^(8)cfu/mL经腹腔注射亲本菌株C79-13进行攻毒试验,500μL/只,在42 d的观察期内观察并记录各组鸡的发病及死亡情况,计算各基因缺失株对雏鸡的免疫保护率。结果显示,缺失株Δcya、Δcrp、ΔcrpΔcya对雏鸡的LD_(50)分别为2.84×10^(9) cfu/mL、1.41×10^(10)cfu/mL、2.51×10^(11)cfu/mL,与亲本菌株C79-13相比,各缺失株LD_(50)分别升高约1.1×10^(3)倍、5.7×10^(3)倍、1.0×10^(5)倍;各组雏鸡攻毒后出现精神沉郁症状,且有部分鸡死亡,PBS对照组鸡出现排稀便症状,且全部死亡。Δcya、Δcrp及ΔcrpΔcya对雏鸡的免疫保护率分别为60%、80%、50%。表明各基因缺失株均能够对雏鸡提供一定的免疫保护效果,且单基因缺失株Δcrp的免疫效果最好。本研究首次对鸡白痢沙门菌crp、cya基因生物学功能做了初步研究,并证实缺失株Δcrp有望作为一种鸡白痢沙门菌基因缺失疫苗的候选菌株,为研制安全有效的沙门菌弱毒活疫苗奠定了基础。展开更多
Reaction products of 2,4,6-tris(4-phenyl-phenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine derived from 4-phenylphenol cyanate ester and phenyl glycidyl ether were analyzed. In addition to an isocyanurate compound and an oxazolidone compound w...Reaction products of 2,4,6-tris(4-phenyl-phenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine derived from 4-phenylphenol cyanate ester and phenyl glycidyl ether were analyzed. In addition to an isocyanurate compound and an oxazolidone compound which were well known as reaction products of cyanate esters and epoxy resins, compounds with hybrid ring structure of cyanurate/isocyanurate were determined. Gibbs free energies of the compound having hybrid ring structure of cyanurate/isocyanurate with two isocyanurate moiety were found to be lower than that of the compound with cyanurate ring structure through calculations. Calculation data supported the existence of hybrid ring structure of cy-anurate/isocyanurate. It was revealed that isomerization from cyanurate to isocyanurate occurs via hybrid ring structure of cyanurate/isocyanurate in the reaction of aryl cyanurate and epoxy.展开更多
Aim This study was to prepare cyclosporine A （CyA） microspheres （Ms） using 75：25 poly （D, L-lactide-co-glycolide） polymer （PLGA）, and to evaluate the in vitro release of the CyA microspheres. Methods CyA-Ms w...Aim This study was to prepare cyclosporine A （CyA） microspheres （Ms） using 75：25 poly （D, L-lactide-co-glycolide） polymer （PLGA）, and to evaluate the in vitro release of the CyA microspheres. Methods CyA-Ms were prepared by an oil-inwater （o/w） emulsion solvent extraction/evaporation process and characterized for drug content, particle size, surface morphology, and differential scanning calorimeter （DSC）. Accelerated in vitro release of cyclosporine A from the mieropsheres was studied at various conditions, such as temperatures, surfactants, pH values and organic solvents for a short period. Results CyA-Ms were in spherical shape with average particle size of 50 μm and loading efficiency of 13.0%. The results of DSC measurements suggested that at the dry state, CyA did interact very strongly with the hydrophilic PLGA polymer. In vitro release test in various release medium showed slight increase of CyA-Ms release profiles under various conditions of temperatures, surfactants and pH values. However, dramatical increase of CyA-Ms release was seen in the medium containing 30% isopropanol. Conclusion It was demonstrated that CyA could be incorporated into polymeric Ms prepared from PLGA using a solvent evaporation technique. The release medium containing 30% isopropanol might be the ideal condition for CyA-PLGA microspheres in vitro quality control test.展开更多
文摘Reaction products of 2,4,6-tris(4-phenyl-phenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine derived from 4-phenylphenol cyanate ester and phenyl glycidyl ether were analyzed. In addition to an isocyanurate compound and an oxazolidone compound which were well known as reaction products of cyanate esters and epoxy resins, compounds with hybrid ring structure of cyanurate/isocyanurate were determined. Gibbs free energies of the compound having hybrid ring structure of cyanurate/isocyanurate with two isocyanurate moiety were found to be lower than that of the compound with cyanurate ring structure through calculations. Calculation data supported the existence of hybrid ring structure of cy-anurate/isocyanurate. It was revealed that isomerization from cyanurate to isocyanurate occurs via hybrid ring structure of cyanurate/isocyanurate in the reaction of aryl cyanurate and epoxy.
基金Science and Technology Program of Beijing(Grant No. D0205003040621).
文摘Aim This study was to prepare cyclosporine A （CyA） microspheres （Ms） using 75：25 poly （D, L-lactide-co-glycolide） polymer （PLGA）, and to evaluate the in vitro release of the CyA microspheres. Methods CyA-Ms were prepared by an oil-inwater （o/w） emulsion solvent extraction/evaporation process and characterized for drug content, particle size, surface morphology, and differential scanning calorimeter （DSC）. Accelerated in vitro release of cyclosporine A from the mieropsheres was studied at various conditions, such as temperatures, surfactants, pH values and organic solvents for a short period. Results CyA-Ms were in spherical shape with average particle size of 50 μm and loading efficiency of 13.0%. The results of DSC measurements suggested that at the dry state, CyA did interact very strongly with the hydrophilic PLGA polymer. In vitro release test in various release medium showed slight increase of CyA-Ms release profiles under various conditions of temperatures, surfactants and pH values. However, dramatical increase of CyA-Ms release was seen in the medium containing 30% isopropanol. Conclusion It was demonstrated that CyA could be incorporated into polymeric Ms prepared from PLGA using a solvent evaporation technique. The release medium containing 30% isopropanol might be the ideal condition for CyA-PLGA microspheres in vitro quality control test.
