Brownfield redevelopment is a new urban land use strategy to pursue the ideal of sustainable development. It relieves environmental pressure and resolves the glaring contradiction between urban land idleness and urban...Brownfield redevelopment is a new urban land use strategy to pursue the ideal of sustainable development. It relieves environmental pressure and resolves the glaring contradiction between urban land idleness and urban sprawl. It addresses issues of urban land use and farmland protection in China. This paper compares brownfield with greenfield, and defines brownfield and its redevelopment. It elaborates general and special government policies for this sustainable land use strategy in the context of China. General policies contain two aspects: clarifying brownfield redevelopment's priority in Chinese urban planning and land use and setting a general quantitative redevelopment target. The extent of the government's special policies, which aim at coordinating three factors in the redevelopment process, namely govern- ments, developers and users, are divided into five areas: statistics and categorization, assessment and remediation, fi- nancial supports and tax incentives, environmental and legal liability, and publicity and guidance. The paper concludes the major functions of different levels of Chinese government in the redevelopment process, i.e. making general strategy, formulating legislation, spectifying regulations and technical standards, estimating and categorizing brownfield sites, drawing up brownfield planning, providing information and financial support, guiding developers, publicizing the strategy to the public, and checking reuse results.展开更多
With the adjustment of industrial structure,many high pollution enterprises will gradually shut down.This process will produce a large number of high-risk pollution plots and cause a series of environmental problems.I...With the adjustment of industrial structure,many high pollution enterprises will gradually shut down.This process will produce a large number of high-risk pollution plots and cause a series of environmental problems.In this study,geophysical detection and direct push technology were applied to investigate soil and groundwater pollution in a typical brownfield in Zhenjiang,Jiangsu province,China.The results showed that Chlorotoluene and its ramification were the main pollutants for the brownfield.Pollution decreased with depth and was quite uneven in the brownfield.Production and wastewater treatment areas were heavily polluted,where volatile organic compounds contaminated and semi-volatile organic compounds were found 12 m and 15 m below the land surface,respectively.About 18880 m3 groundwater was contaminated.This study is significant to develop a geological survey work mode for the postindustrial era.展开更多
This paper presents the assumptions and the preliminary results of the project entitled"Extension of the system for man-agement of post-mining areas in the Silesian province-OPI TPP 2.0".The overall objectiv...This paper presents the assumptions and the preliminary results of the project entitled"Extension of the system for man-agement of post-mining areas in the Silesian province-OPI TPP 2.0".The overall objective of the project is to develop and implement a new e-service in the form of an open-access information system on post-mining areas in the Silesia Voivodeship.The range of information and tools planned to be made available is dedicated to assessing the possibilities and potential for economic and social reuse of these areas.The basic and extremely important stage of the project was to identify and collect data on post-industrial sites located in the Silesia Province.The information contained in this article illustrates the activities that were carried out in the initial phase of the project in which unmanned aerial vehicles(UAV)were used to identify and acquire information on brownfields(including post-mining sites)entered into the developed common database.The article assesses the possibility of using drones in an enterprise of such a large scale and also points out the advantages of using this method.The article describes the methodology and scope of work related to the acquisition of data that can be collected using unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)covering surface infrastructure and land use of brownfields,allowing for the identification of negative phenomena on their site as well as monitoring of naturally occurring processes.Based on fieldworks experience and the results of numerous analyses carried out for different types of brownfields(e.g.post-mining areas,former transport bases,settling ponds,etc.),paper presents the advantages and benefits of drones(UAN)over other data sources used to monitor changes in an area.The article is based on the results of an inventory of over 600 brownfields located in Upper Silesia region(Silesia Voivodeship,Poland).展开更多
This study proposed obstacles in the brownfield development and analyzed 3 classical cases of brownfield development:German Ruhr Industrial Area,the American Automobile City and 798 Art Zone in China.Based on the comp...This study proposed obstacles in the brownfield development and analyzed 3 classical cases of brownfield development:German Ruhr Industrial Area,the American Automobile City and 798 Art Zone in China.Based on the comprehensive elaboration and evaluation of the driving factors,patterns,rehabilitation benefits,costs and prospects of brownfield development,its enlightenment on urban development of China was summarized from 4 perspectives:inhibiting urban sprawl,improving environmental quality of brownfield,promoting urban renewal and reserving cultural heritage.展开更多
This paper introduced concept and modern thought of urban brownfield site and flexible landscape design, analyzed factors influencing the modernity, and pointed out significance and necessity of flexible landscape des...This paper introduced concept and modern thought of urban brownfield site and flexible landscape design, analyzed factors influencing the modernity, and pointed out significance and necessity of flexible landscape design. By analyzing realistic problems of urban brownfield site, this paper combined flexible design and renovation of brownfield landscape renovation, and proposed suggestions for the flexible landscape renovation of urban brownfield sites, so that renovation of urban brownfield landscape is not confined in renovation, but is more flexible and adaptive, and flexible design is positive for the renovation of urban brownfield landscapes.展开更多
Children in Detroit are disproportionately exposed to toxins and pollutants when compared to children who reside in the suburbs,subjecting Detroit children to many health conditions such as asthma and lead poisoning.T...Children in Detroit are disproportionately exposed to toxins and pollutants when compared to children who reside in the suburbs,subjecting Detroit children to many health conditions such as asthma and lead poisoning.This disturbing knowledge was the impetus to focus on looking at GIS datasets that might help start to address the following question:To what extent is the health of Detroit’s children threatened by brownfields in the neighborhoods in which they live and go to school?Three datasets were used to investigate the relationship between under 18 populations and brownfield presence in Detroit.This study was able to identify the potential areas of concern.This study recommends to discern how brownfield may be affecting residents,in particular those residents under the age of 18,by examining smaller areas at a larger scale to get a true picture of the brownfield landscape in Detroit.展开更多
In the oil and gas industry, operations in greenfield sites are straightforward. However, there are increased risks, such as damage to existing facilities, unknown site conditions, and other complexities in brownfield...In the oil and gas industry, operations in greenfield sites are straightforward. However, there are increased risks, such as damage to existing facilities, unknown site conditions, and other complexities in brownfield sites. In addition to these physical risks, task scheduling is also complex, as vessels need to be replaced during a turnaround. To mitigate the risks of site conditions and realize a truncated schedule for Saudi Aramco’s operations, 3D laser scanning was combined with 3D modeling, clash detection, and time. This integrated approach minimized the shutdown period, which resulted in cost savings, heightened safety, and enhanced stakeholder communications.展开更多
Fear of liability from the 1980 Comprehensive Environmental Response,Compensation,and Liability Act(CERCLA or Superfund)has prompted developers to build preferentially upon undeveloped green space rather than potentia...Fear of liability from the 1980 Comprehensive Environmental Response,Compensation,and Liability Act(CERCLA or Superfund)has prompted developers to build preferentially upon undeveloped green space rather than potentially contaminated former industrial sites,leading to urban sprawl in the suburban areas while blighted properties in the urban core remain vacant.A brownfield is defined as a property in which the presence or potential presence of a hazardous substance or contaminant poses a barrier to development.Agencies often create brownfield inventories by performing a site suitability analysis,using distinguishing features such as ecolo-gically and culturally significant areas or neighborhoods that need revitalizing.Pima County,Arizona and the Sonora Environmental Research Institute,Inc.(SERI)developed a brownfield inventory of the large,industrial area directly to the west of Davis-Monthan Air Force Base.Because the brownfield target area has few residential neighborhoods and lacks the distinguish-ing features usually used in a brownfield site suitability analysis,the county and SERI used the official tax assessor database and 11 federal,state and county environmental databases to develop a brownfield inventory.The goal of the project was to prioritize properties that stood to benefit from the grant funding.The final brownfield inventory contained 531 parcels.展开更多
Lack of adequate and affordable financing is the most significant obstacle to brownfield remediation.This paper identifies the financing barriers of PPP(Public-Private Partnership)model to brownfi eld reuse,develops a...Lack of adequate and affordable financing is the most significant obstacle to brownfield remediation.This paper identifies the financing barriers of PPP(Public-Private Partnership)model to brownfi eld reuse,develops a PIPP(Public Intermediary Private Partnerships)fi nancing model,and discusses its operating mechanism and component elements from the aspects of its driving force,participation forms,and profi tability.Accordingly,it puts forward the specifi c operating plan and safeguard measures of the PIPP fi nancing model in brownfi eld remediation in China.展开更多
Introduction:Although Brownfield greening(BG)can be a crucial solution to green space deficiency in dense urban areas,the potential benefits of different BG initiatives have rarely been quantitatively pre-evaluated.He...Introduction:Although Brownfield greening(BG)can be a crucial solution to green space deficiency in dense urban areas,the potential benefits of different BG initiatives have rarely been quantitatively pre-evaluated.Here,the concept and main features of BG and its costs and benefits are firstly depicted.Next,a conceptual framework is presented which combines ecosystem service(ESS)valuation,economic cost-benefit analysis,and spatial pattern analysis.The framework is used to perform ex ante valuation of the ESS value of BG in Xuhui District,Shanghai.Outcomes:The scenario comparison results show that it can spatially reflect a closer-to-reality value of ESS at the urban scale instead of a theoretical value at the site scale.The ultimate values of ESS(After economic and landscape adjustments)in the composite scenario is more than 21%higher than those in the full-eco scenario,whereas the initial values of ESS(before the adjustments)in the former was 14%lower than those in the latter.These results suggest that a considerable part of brownfield greening projects need to be implemented in the more populated and economically vibrant areas instead of solely in the ecological construction zone,thereby correspondingly providing more cultural and regulation services and forming a better urban green space network.Conclusion:The framework provides a simple,science-based,and feasible tool for making BG decisions from a systematic perspective in dense urban areas.It can help meet the need for applying ESS knowledge to BG-based green space planning and policy making in the context of urban sustainable development.展开更多
Liberty State Park in New Jersey,USA,is a ＂brownfield＂ site containing various levels of contaminants.To investigate metal uptake and distributions in plants on the brownfield site,Phragmites australis and Typha lat...Liberty State Park in New Jersey,USA,is a ＂brownfield＂ site containing various levels of contaminants.To investigate metal uptake and distributions in plants on the brownfield site,Phragmites australis and Typha latifolia were collected in Liberty State Park during the growing season（May–September）in 2011 at two sites with the high and low metal loads,respectively.The objective of this study was to understand the metal（Fe,Mn,Cu,Pb and Zn）concentration and spatial distributions in P.australis and T.latifolia root systems with micro-meter scale resolution using synchrotron X-ray microfluorescence（μXRF）and synchrotron X-ray computed microtomography（μCMT）techniques.The root structure measurement by synchrotron μCMT showed that high X-ray attenuation substance appeared in the epidermis.Synchrotron μXRF measurement showed that metal concentrations and distributions in the root cross-section between epidermis and vascular tissue were statistically different.Significant correlations were found between metals（Cu,Mn,Pb and Zn）and Fe in the epidermis,implying that metals were scavenged by Fe oxides.The results from this study suggest that the expression of metal transport and accumulation within the root systems may be element specific.The information derived from this study can improve our current knowledge of the wetland plant ecological function in brownfield remediation.展开更多
The redevelopment and regeneration of coal mining subsidence area has always been a hot topic in the?eld of social and scienti?c research.Relying on remote sensing and the geographic information system(GIS)platform an...The redevelopment and regeneration of coal mining subsidence area has always been a hot topic in the?eld of social and scienti?c research.Relying on remote sensing and the geographic information system(GIS)platform and considering the opinions of experts from various disciplines,this paper intends to take the landscape planning and design of the coal mining subsidence area in Nanhu of Tangshan as an example to discuss the planning design strategies and substantial implementing approaches to transform abandoned urban land into a national urban wetland park,which specifically includes:①anticipation of geological subsidence disaster and construction of ecological security pattern;②coal ash management;③garbage mountain transformation;④application of eco-technologies for solving ground subsidence,etc.,so as to provide technical methods and research ideas for the utilization directions,ecological protection,and construction of urban brown?eld in similar areas all over the world.展开更多
Under the new normal, urban construction in China is gradually transforming from an era of expansion planning to stock-based planning. The reuse of once-used, abandoned, or contaminated land in urban areas has become ...Under the new normal, urban construction in China is gradually transforming from an era of expansion planning to stock-based planning. The reuse of once-used, abandoned, or contaminated land in urban areas has become the focus for digging the potential of urban land resources and values. Binhai New Area, as the forefront of economic growth in China's development zones, has experienced rapid development in the past 30 years, where the brownfield regeneration issue is becoming increasingly prominent in the rapid process of urban industrial development and new town construction. In consideration of the large size of each single brownfield patch and serious petrochemical contamination, it is essential and valuable to carry out a research on the present status, problems, and regeneration strategies of brownfield in Binhai New Area.展开更多
Landscape architecture is one of the leading disciplines in tackling the challenges of brownfi elds regeneration,as open spaces are favored by regeneration projects as the end use.Among the many disciplines involved i...Landscape architecture is one of the leading disciplines in tackling the challenges of brownfi elds regeneration,as open spaces are favored by regeneration projects as the end use.Among the many disciplines involved in brownfields regeneration efforts,the two key disciplines that have impacts on the physical and spatial quality of brownfi eld sites are landscape architecture and environmental engineering.However,in current brownfi elds regeneration practice in China,there is a lack of collaboration between the two disciplines and it is urgent to elaborate the coupling mechanism between environmental remediation and landscape design.In response,the concept of"Brown Earth-Work"is proposed,which emphasizes the physical and spatial dimensions of"contamination"in brownfi eld sites.By identifying the key spatial and environmental elements in brownfi elds regeneration,Brown Earth-Work can serve as a common basis for closer dialogues and collaborations between the disciplines of landscape architecture and environmental engineering during the process.展开更多
Urban development and construction has led to a series of problems,such as the deficiency of land resources,difficulty in old city renovation,and backward landscape construction,etc.Brownfield refers to the abandoned ...Urban development and construction has led to a series of problems,such as the deficiency of land resources,difficulty in old city renovation,and backward landscape construction,etc.Brownfield refers to the abandoned and polluted lands of industrial,commercial,or other uses,whose redevelopment can not only effectively stimulate the intensive utilization of urban lands and the growth of urban economy,but also improve the quality of the urban ecological environment.Considering that the research on brownfield redevelopment methodologies in China is still at its initial stage,the application of the theories of urban regeneration and landscape urbanism in brownfield redevelopment will be conducive to solving various urban problems and promoting brownfield land use values.This paper,based on an analysis on the theoretical connotations of urban regeneration and landscape urbanism and their infl uences on brownfi eld redevelopment,argues that the urban regeneration theory can serve as the"framework"while the landscape urbanism theory as"skeleton"of brownfi eld development,both of which can integrally form the"organic body of brownfi eld redevelopment."It further puts forward fi ve primary principles for brownfi eld redevelopment which are elaborated through a case study on Changchun Tractor Factory.展开更多
Scenic Hudson’s Long Dock Park is a resilient living work of art and a vibrant community asset for the Hudson River Valley.A 23-acre peninsula on the east side of the Hudson at Beacon,New York,the site includes the P...Scenic Hudson’s Long Dock Park is a resilient living work of art and a vibrant community asset for the Hudson River Valley.A 23-acre peninsula on the east side of the Hudson at Beacon,New York,the site includes the Peter J.Sharp Park and the Klara Sauer Hudson River Trail.Two decades in the making,beginning in 1997,it took a decade to plan and remediate,and,by its completion in early 2017,it will have taken just as long to build and recover.In 1997,nonprofit Scenic Hudson,the largest environmental and land preservation group focused on the Hudson River Valley,started assembling the different ownership parcels of the Long Dock site.From 1999 to 2003,they engaged the Beacon community through a series of community meetings and workshops to articulate its vision for its waterfront and cleanup of the site began.From 2003 to 2007,the design team developed the architectural and site program for the project,restoration measures,and its physical expression with the client.Working with the City and the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation(NYSDEC),the project completed the State Environmental Quality Review Act(SEQR)process,filing a Draft Environmental Impact Statement(DEIS)and received approval of the final EIS ensuring that there was significant environmental,social,or economic value.The NYSDEC and the U.S.Army Corps of Engineers(USACE)were also directly involved in oversight of the brownfield remediation and work within the Hudson River and site wetlands.With the SEQR process complete and approval of a mitigation plan from the USACE,the team worked with the City of Beacon to complete the site plan application process for construction.Our mandate was clear from the start-build resilience,but realize it incrementally.The project’s first phase,opened in 2009,included additional remediation and removal of contaminated soils,removal of invasive species,stabilization of the south shoreline,a test plot for different materials,a wetland boardwalk and interior pathways,installation of native plantings,and site-specific artwork.By 2014,the landscape’s multiple character zones were complete:the established meadow,the connective network of trails and boardwalks,the working site infrastructure of wetlands with swales and seeps,the dynamic intertidal zone,and earthen buttresses.A new pavilion for kayak storage and rentals and an arts and environmental education center in the historic Red Barn were significant additions for the program and community engagement of the park(refer to Figure 1).Over the past summer of 2016,portions of the site originally designed as a LEED platinum eco-hotel and conference center are now being remediated and reconceived as a new civic plaza,amphitheater,overlook west deck,boardwalk at Quiet Harbor,and a shade structure with an area for food trucks.Long Dock Park will continue to adjust and adapt to changing circumstances of ecology,climate change,flooding and sea level rise,and culture.Our original goals of renewing and revealing the historic waterfront,increasing public access to the river,restoring degraded environmental conditions,and demonstrating exemplary,environmentally sensitive development-these are complete.And the park was one of the first pilot projects for the Sustainable-SITES certification program and subsequently received SITES’s highest rating of a SITES project at the time.Even as we considered program,spatial organization,and aesthetics,our work also sought to create in Long Dock a functional and sustainable ecosystem.The park’s design needed to initiate natural processes for the degraded post-industrial brownfield to function and sustain ecosystem services that had not existed before.The design of healthy soils,the integration of hydrology,and the establishment of native plant communities form the true story of the site’s transformation from postindustrial ruin into a significant waterfront park.展开更多
文摘Brownfield redevelopment is a new urban land use strategy to pursue the ideal of sustainable development. It relieves environmental pressure and resolves the glaring contradiction between urban land idleness and urban sprawl. It addresses issues of urban land use and farmland protection in China. This paper compares brownfield with greenfield, and defines brownfield and its redevelopment. It elaborates general and special government policies for this sustainable land use strategy in the context of China. General policies contain two aspects: clarifying brownfield redevelopment's priority in Chinese urban planning and land use and setting a general quantitative redevelopment target. The extent of the government's special policies, which aim at coordinating three factors in the redevelopment process, namely govern- ments, developers and users, are divided into five areas: statistics and categorization, assessment and remediation, fi- nancial supports and tax incentives, environmental and legal liability, and publicity and guidance. The paper concludes the major functions of different levels of Chinese government in the redevelopment process, i.e. making general strategy, formulating legislation, spectifying regulations and technical standards, estimating and categorizing brownfield sites, drawing up brownfield planning, providing information and financial support, guiding developers, publicizing the strategy to the public, and checking reuse results.
基金This work was supported financially by“Environmental geological survey of 1:50000 in the demonstration area of Sunan”(DD20160245).
文摘With the adjustment of industrial structure,many high pollution enterprises will gradually shut down.This process will produce a large number of high-risk pollution plots and cause a series of environmental problems.In this study,geophysical detection and direct push technology were applied to investigate soil and groundwater pollution in a typical brownfield in Zhenjiang,Jiangsu province,China.The results showed that Chlorotoluene and its ramification were the main pollutants for the brownfield.Pollution decreased with depth and was quite uneven in the brownfield.Production and wastewater treatment areas were heavily polluted,where volatile organic compounds contaminated and semi-volatile organic compounds were found 12 m and 15 m below the land surface,respectively.About 18880 m3 groundwater was contaminated.This study is significant to develop a geological survey work mode for the postindustrial era.
文摘This paper presents the assumptions and the preliminary results of the project entitled"Extension of the system for man-agement of post-mining areas in the Silesian province-OPI TPP 2.0".The overall objective of the project is to develop and implement a new e-service in the form of an open-access information system on post-mining areas in the Silesia Voivodeship.The range of information and tools planned to be made available is dedicated to assessing the possibilities and potential for economic and social reuse of these areas.The basic and extremely important stage of the project was to identify and collect data on post-industrial sites located in the Silesia Province.The information contained in this article illustrates the activities that were carried out in the initial phase of the project in which unmanned aerial vehicles(UAV)were used to identify and acquire information on brownfields(including post-mining sites)entered into the developed common database.The article assesses the possibility of using drones in an enterprise of such a large scale and also points out the advantages of using this method.The article describes the methodology and scope of work related to the acquisition of data that can be collected using unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)covering surface infrastructure and land use of brownfields,allowing for the identification of negative phenomena on their site as well as monitoring of naturally occurring processes.Based on fieldworks experience and the results of numerous analyses carried out for different types of brownfields(e.g.post-mining areas,former transport bases,settling ponds,etc.),paper presents the advantages and benefits of drones(UAN)over other data sources used to monitor changes in an area.The article is based on the results of an inventory of over 600 brownfields located in Upper Silesia region(Silesia Voivodeship,Poland).
文摘This study proposed obstacles in the brownfield development and analyzed 3 classical cases of brownfield development:German Ruhr Industrial Area,the American Automobile City and 798 Art Zone in China.Based on the comprehensive elaboration and evaluation of the driving factors,patterns,rehabilitation benefits,costs and prospects of brownfield development,its enlightenment on urban development of China was summarized from 4 perspectives:inhibiting urban sprawl,improving environmental quality of brownfield,promoting urban renewal and reserving cultural heritage.
文摘This paper introduced concept and modern thought of urban brownfield site and flexible landscape design, analyzed factors influencing the modernity, and pointed out significance and necessity of flexible landscape design. By analyzing realistic problems of urban brownfield site, this paper combined flexible design and renovation of brownfield landscape renovation, and proposed suggestions for the flexible landscape renovation of urban brownfield sites, so that renovation of urban brownfield landscape is not confined in renovation, but is more flexible and adaptive, and flexible design is positive for the renovation of urban brownfield landscapes.
文摘Children in Detroit are disproportionately exposed to toxins and pollutants when compared to children who reside in the suburbs,subjecting Detroit children to many health conditions such as asthma and lead poisoning.This disturbing knowledge was the impetus to focus on looking at GIS datasets that might help start to address the following question:To what extent is the health of Detroit’s children threatened by brownfields in the neighborhoods in which they live and go to school?Three datasets were used to investigate the relationship between under 18 populations and brownfield presence in Detroit.This study was able to identify the potential areas of concern.This study recommends to discern how brownfield may be affecting residents,in particular those residents under the age of 18,by examining smaller areas at a larger scale to get a true picture of the brownfield landscape in Detroit.
文摘In the oil and gas industry, operations in greenfield sites are straightforward. However, there are increased risks, such as damage to existing facilities, unknown site conditions, and other complexities in brownfield sites. In addition to these physical risks, task scheduling is also complex, as vessels need to be replaced during a turnaround. To mitigate the risks of site conditions and realize a truncated schedule for Saudi Aramco’s operations, 3D laser scanning was combined with 3D modeling, clash detection, and time. This integrated approach minimized the shutdown period, which resulted in cost savings, heightened safety, and enhanced stakeholder communications.
基金The project was funded by the United States Environmental Protection Agency through Brownfields Assessment Grant#BF-99T36101 Additional funding was provided by the Sonora Environmental Research Institute,Inc.(SERI).
文摘Fear of liability from the 1980 Comprehensive Environmental Response,Compensation,and Liability Act(CERCLA or Superfund)has prompted developers to build preferentially upon undeveloped green space rather than potentially contaminated former industrial sites,leading to urban sprawl in the suburban areas while blighted properties in the urban core remain vacant.A brownfield is defined as a property in which the presence or potential presence of a hazardous substance or contaminant poses a barrier to development.Agencies often create brownfield inventories by performing a site suitability analysis,using distinguishing features such as ecolo-gically and culturally significant areas or neighborhoods that need revitalizing.Pima County,Arizona and the Sonora Environmental Research Institute,Inc.(SERI)developed a brownfield inventory of the large,industrial area directly to the west of Davis-Monthan Air Force Base.Because the brownfield target area has few residential neighborhoods and lacks the distinguish-ing features usually used in a brownfield site suitability analysis,the county and SERI used the official tax assessor database and 11 federal,state and county environmental databases to develop a brownfield inventory.The goal of the project was to prioritize properties that stood to benefit from the grant funding.The final brownfield inventory contained 531 parcels.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China (Grant No. 41401654)MOE (Ministry of Education in China) Project of Humanities and Social Sciences (Grant No. 11YJCZH248)
文摘Lack of adequate and affordable financing is the most significant obstacle to brownfield remediation.This paper identifies the financing barriers of PPP(Public-Private Partnership)model to brownfi eld reuse,develops a PIPP(Public Intermediary Private Partnerships)fi nancing model,and discusses its operating mechanism and component elements from the aspects of its driving force,participation forms,and profi tability.Accordingly,it puts forward the specifi c operating plan and safeguard measures of the PIPP fi nancing model in brownfi eld remediation in China.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[31800411]Shanghai Municipal Natural Science Fund[17ZR1427400]+1 种基金Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China[2017YFC0505706]Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology Fund[19DZ1203301].
文摘Introduction:Although Brownfield greening(BG)can be a crucial solution to green space deficiency in dense urban areas,the potential benefits of different BG initiatives have rarely been quantitatively pre-evaluated.Here,the concept and main features of BG and its costs and benefits are firstly depicted.Next,a conceptual framework is presented which combines ecosystem service(ESS)valuation,economic cost-benefit analysis,and spatial pattern analysis.The framework is used to perform ex ante valuation of the ESS value of BG in Xuhui District,Shanghai.Outcomes:The scenario comparison results show that it can spatially reflect a closer-to-reality value of ESS at the urban scale instead of a theoretical value at the site scale.The ultimate values of ESS(After economic and landscape adjustments)in the composite scenario is more than 21%higher than those in the full-eco scenario,whereas the initial values of ESS(before the adjustments)in the former was 14%lower than those in the latter.These results suggest that a considerable part of brownfield greening projects need to be implemented in the more populated and economically vibrant areas instead of solely in the ecological construction zone,thereby correspondingly providing more cultural and regulation services and forming a better urban green space network.Conclusion:The framework provides a simple,science-based,and feasible tool for making BG decisions from a systematic perspective in dense urban areas.It can help meet the need for applying ESS knowledge to BG-based green space planning and policy making in the context of urban sustainable development.
基金supported in part by the Margaret and Herman Sokol Foundation(HF)China Scholarship Council(YQ)+6 种基金the State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research Open Research Fund(Ref #:SKLEC-KF201304)(HF,WZ,LY,YQ)supported in part by the U.S.Department of Energy,Office of Science,Office of Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientists(WDTS)under the Visiting Faculty Program(VFP)(HF)Portions of this work were performed at Beamline X27A,National Synchrotron Light Source(NSLS),and Biosciences Department,Brookhaven National LaboratoryWork in Bioscience Department,BNL,was partially supported by the Division of Chemical Sciences,Geosciences,and Biosciences,Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy through Grant DEAC0298CH10886the National Science Foundation through grant MCB-1051675(CJL)X27A is supported in part by the U.S.Department of Energy--Geosciences(DE-FG02-92ER14244 to The University of Chicago-CARS)Use of the NSLS was supported by the U.S.Department of Energy,Office of Science,Office of Basic Energy Sciences,under Contract No.DE-AC02-98CH10886
文摘Liberty State Park in New Jersey,USA,is a ＂brownfield＂ site containing various levels of contaminants.To investigate metal uptake and distributions in plants on the brownfield site,Phragmites australis and Typha latifolia were collected in Liberty State Park during the growing season（May–September）in 2011 at two sites with the high and low metal loads,respectively.The objective of this study was to understand the metal（Fe,Mn,Cu,Pb and Zn）concentration and spatial distributions in P.australis and T.latifolia root systems with micro-meter scale resolution using synchrotron X-ray microfluorescence（μXRF）and synchrotron X-ray computed microtomography（μCMT）techniques.The root structure measurement by synchrotron μCMT showed that high X-ray attenuation substance appeared in the epidermis.Synchrotron μXRF measurement showed that metal concentrations and distributions in the root cross-section between epidermis and vascular tissue were statistically different.Significant correlations were found between metals（Cu,Mn,Pb and Zn）and Fe in the epidermis,implying that metals were scavenged by Fe oxides.The results from this study suggest that the expression of metal transport and accumulation within the root systems may be element specific.The information derived from this study can improve our current knowledge of the wetland plant ecological function in brownfield remediation.
文摘The redevelopment and regeneration of coal mining subsidence area has always been a hot topic in the?eld of social and scienti?c research.Relying on remote sensing and the geographic information system(GIS)platform and considering the opinions of experts from various disciplines,this paper intends to take the landscape planning and design of the coal mining subsidence area in Nanhu of Tangshan as an example to discuss the planning design strategies and substantial implementing approaches to transform abandoned urban land into a national urban wetland park,which specifically includes:①anticipation of geological subsidence disaster and construction of ecological security pattern;②coal ash management;③garbage mountain transformation;④application of eco-technologies for solving ground subsidence,etc.,so as to provide technical methods and research ideas for the utilization directions,ecological protection,and construction of urban brown?eld in similar areas all over the world.
文摘Under the new normal, urban construction in China is gradually transforming from an era of expansion planning to stock-based planning. The reuse of once-used, abandoned, or contaminated land in urban areas has become the focus for digging the potential of urban land resources and values. Binhai New Area, as the forefront of economic growth in China's development zones, has experienced rapid development in the past 30 years, where the brownfield regeneration issue is becoming increasingly prominent in the rapid process of urban industrial development and new town construction. In consideration of the large size of each single brownfield patch and serious petrochemical contamination, it is essential and valuable to carry out a research on the present status, problems, and regeneration strategies of brownfield in Binhai New Area.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51608295)
文摘Landscape architecture is one of the leading disciplines in tackling the challenges of brownfi elds regeneration,as open spaces are favored by regeneration projects as the end use.Among the many disciplines involved in brownfields regeneration efforts,the two key disciplines that have impacts on the physical and spatial quality of brownfi eld sites are landscape architecture and environmental engineering.However,in current brownfi elds regeneration practice in China,there is a lack of collaboration between the two disciplines and it is urgent to elaborate the coupling mechanism between environmental remediation and landscape design.In response,the concept of"Brown Earth-Work"is proposed,which emphasizes the physical and spatial dimensions of"contamination"in brownfi eld sites.By identifying the key spatial and environmental elements in brownfi elds regeneration,Brown Earth-Work can serve as a common basis for closer dialogues and collaborations between the disciplines of landscape architecture and environmental engineering during the process.
文摘Urban development and construction has led to a series of problems,such as the deficiency of land resources,difficulty in old city renovation,and backward landscape construction,etc.Brownfield refers to the abandoned and polluted lands of industrial,commercial,or other uses,whose redevelopment can not only effectively stimulate the intensive utilization of urban lands and the growth of urban economy,but also improve the quality of the urban ecological environment.Considering that the research on brownfield redevelopment methodologies in China is still at its initial stage,the application of the theories of urban regeneration and landscape urbanism in brownfield redevelopment will be conducive to solving various urban problems and promoting brownfield land use values.This paper,based on an analysis on the theoretical connotations of urban regeneration and landscape urbanism and their infl uences on brownfi eld redevelopment,argues that the urban regeneration theory can serve as the"framework"while the landscape urbanism theory as"skeleton"of brownfi eld development,both of which can integrally form the"organic body of brownfi eld redevelopment."It further puts forward fi ve primary principles for brownfi eld redevelopment which are elaborated through a case study on Changchun Tractor Factory.
文摘Scenic Hudson’s Long Dock Park is a resilient living work of art and a vibrant community asset for the Hudson River Valley.A 23-acre peninsula on the east side of the Hudson at Beacon,New York,the site includes the Peter J.Sharp Park and the Klara Sauer Hudson River Trail.Two decades in the making,beginning in 1997,it took a decade to plan and remediate,and,by its completion in early 2017,it will have taken just as long to build and recover.In 1997,nonprofit Scenic Hudson,the largest environmental and land preservation group focused on the Hudson River Valley,started assembling the different ownership parcels of the Long Dock site.From 1999 to 2003,they engaged the Beacon community through a series of community meetings and workshops to articulate its vision for its waterfront and cleanup of the site began.From 2003 to 2007,the design team developed the architectural and site program for the project,restoration measures,and its physical expression with the client.Working with the City and the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation(NYSDEC),the project completed the State Environmental Quality Review Act(SEQR)process,filing a Draft Environmental Impact Statement(DEIS)and received approval of the final EIS ensuring that there was significant environmental,social,or economic value.The NYSDEC and the U.S.Army Corps of Engineers(USACE)were also directly involved in oversight of the brownfield remediation and work within the Hudson River and site wetlands.With the SEQR process complete and approval of a mitigation plan from the USACE,the team worked with the City of Beacon to complete the site plan application process for construction.Our mandate was clear from the start-build resilience,but realize it incrementally.The project’s first phase,opened in 2009,included additional remediation and removal of contaminated soils,removal of invasive species,stabilization of the south shoreline,a test plot for different materials,a wetland boardwalk and interior pathways,installation of native plantings,and site-specific artwork.By 2014,the landscape’s multiple character zones were complete:the established meadow,the connective network of trails and boardwalks,the working site infrastructure of wetlands with swales and seeps,the dynamic intertidal zone,and earthen buttresses.A new pavilion for kayak storage and rentals and an arts and environmental education center in the historic Red Barn were significant additions for the program and community engagement of the park(refer to Figure 1).Over the past summer of 2016,portions of the site originally designed as a LEED platinum eco-hotel and conference center are now being remediated and reconceived as a new civic plaza,amphitheater,overlook west deck,boardwalk at Quiet Harbor,and a shade structure with an area for food trucks.Long Dock Park will continue to adjust and adapt to changing circumstances of ecology,climate change,flooding and sea level rise,and culture.Our original goals of renewing and revealing the historic waterfront,increasing public access to the river,restoring degraded environmental conditions,and demonstrating exemplary,environmentally sensitive development-these are complete.And the park was one of the first pilot projects for the Sustainable-SITES certification program and subsequently received SITES’s highest rating of a SITES project at the time.Even as we considered program,spatial organization,and aesthetics,our work also sought to create in Long Dock a functional and sustainable ecosystem.The park’s design needed to initiate natural processes for the degraded post-industrial brownfield to function and sustain ecosystem services that had not existed before.The design of healthy soils,the integration of hydrology,and the establishment of native plant communities form the true story of the site’s transformation from postindustrial ruin into a significant waterfront park.
