AIM: To examine characteristics of patients with blood urea nitrogen(BUN) levels higher and lower than the normal limit.METHODS: Patient records between April 2011 and March 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. During ...AIM: To examine characteristics of patients with blood urea nitrogen(BUN) levels higher and lower than the normal limit.METHODS: Patient records between April 2011 and March 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. During this time, 3296 patients underwent upper endoscopy. In total, 50 male(69.2 ± 13.2 years) and 26 female(72.3 ± 10.2 years) patients were assessed. Patients were divided into two groups based on BUN levels: higher than the normal limit(21.0 mg/d L)(H) and lower thanthe normal limit(L). One-way analysis of variance was performed to reveal differences in the variables between the H and L groups. Fisher's exact test was used to compare the percentage of patients with gastric ulcer or gastric cancer in the H and L groups.RESULTS: White blood cell count was higher in the H group than in the L group(P = 0.0047). Hemoglobin level was lower in the H group than in the L group(P = 0.0307). Glycated hemoglobin was higher in the H group than in the L group(P = 0.0264). The percentage of patients with gastric ulcer was higher in the H group(P = 0.0002). The H group contained no patients with gastric cancer.CONCLUSION: Patients with BUN ≥ 21 mg/d L might have more severe upper gastrointestinal bleeding.展开更多
BACKGROUND Increased blood urea nitrogen(BUN)levels have been demonstrated to be associated with broader metabolic disturbances and the incidence of type 2 diabetes(T2D),potentially playing a role in the development o...BACKGROUND Increased blood urea nitrogen(BUN)levels have been demonstrated to be associated with broader metabolic disturbances and the incidence of type 2 diabetes(T2D),potentially playing a role in the development of diabetic complications,including diabetic peripheral neuropathy.AIM To examine the relationship between BUN levels and peripheral nerve function in patients with T2D.METHODS This observational study involved the systematic recruitment of 585 patients with T2D for whom BUN levels and estimated glomerular filtration rate were measured.Electromyography was used to assess peripheral motor and sensory nerve function in all patients,and overall composite Z-scores were subsequently calculated for nerve latency,amplitude,and conduction velocity(NCV)across the median,ulnar,common peroneal,posterior tibial,superficial peroneal,and sural nerves.RESULTS Across the quartiles of BUN levels,the overall composite Z-score for latency(F=38.996,P for trend<0.001)showed a significant increasing trend,whereas the overall composite Z-scores for amplitude(F=50.972,P for trend<0.001)and NCV(F=30.636,P for trend<0.001)exhibited a significant decreasing trend.Moreover,the BUN levels were closely correlated with the latency,amplitude,and NCV of each peripheral nerve.Furthermore,multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that elevated BUN levels were linked to a higher overall composite Z-score for latency(β=0.166,t=3.864,P<0.001)and lower overall composite Z-scores for amplitude(β=-0.184,t=-4.577,P<0.001)and NCV(β=-0.117,t=-2.787,P=0.006)independent of the estimated glomerular filtration rate and other clinical covariates.Additionally,when the analysis was restricted to sensory or motor nerves,elevated BUN levels remained associated with sensory or motor peripheral nerve dysfunction.CONCLUSION Increased BUN levels were independently associated with compromised peripheral nerve function in patients with T2D.展开更多
Background The elderly subjects affected by ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)have the highest risk of mortality.This study was to explore the the prognostic impact of blood urea nitrogen(BUN)for short-...Background The elderly subjects affected by ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)have the highest risk of mortality.This study was to explore the the prognostic impact of blood urea nitrogen(BUN)for short-term mortality in elderly STEMI patients receiving percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods A total of 777 consecutive patients with STEMI undergoing PCI were enrolled and divided into three groups according to the tertiles of BUN level at admission:<4.6 mmol/L(n=258),4.6-6.7 mmol/L(n=256)and≥263 mmol/L(n=263).The association of BUN with in-hospital and 1-year mortality was evaluated.Results The incidence of in-hospital death was 6.0%,which was significantly higher in patients with a high BUN level(1.6%vs.4.3%vs.12.2%,P<0.001).The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve showed that BUN>7 mmol/L had a sensitivity of 68.1%and specificity of 70.7%for predicting in-hospital death[area under curve(AUC):0.727,95%confidential interval(CI):0.660-0.795,P<0.001].Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that patients with BUN>7 mmol/L had a higher one-year mortality than those without(Log-rank test:44.7,P<0.001).Multivariate analysis showed an independent relationship between BUN>7 mmol/L and in-hospital[odds ratio(OR):2.37,95%CI:1.11-5.07,P=0.026]and one-year mortality[hazard ratio(HR):2.18,95%CI:1.32-3.59,P=0.002].Conclusions BUN may be a potential predictor for short-term mortality in patients with STEMI,which provided some references for identifying and managing high-risk populations early in clinical practice.展开更多
Background：As a major complication after orthotopic liver transplantation （OLT）,the occurrence of acute kidney injury （AKI） is frequently defined by serum creatinine （Cr）;however,the accuracy of commonly used b...Background：As a major complication after orthotopic liver transplantation （OLT）,the occurrence of acute kidney injury （AKI） is frequently defined by serum creatinine （Cr）;however,the accuracy of commonly used blood urea nitrogen （BUN）,uric acid （UA）,and β2-microglobulin （β2-MG） remains to be explored.This retrospective study compared the accuracy of these parameters for post-OLT AKI evaluation.Methods：Patients who underwent OLT in three centers between July 2003 and December 2013 were enrolled.The postoperative AKI group was diagnosed by the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes （KDIGO） criteria and classified by stage.Measurement data were analyzed using the t-test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test;enumerated data were analyzed using the Chi-square test or Fisher＇s exact test.Diagnostic reliability and predictive accuracy were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve analysis.Results：This study excluded 976 cases and analyzed 697 patients （578 men and 1 1 9 women）;the post-OLT AKI incidence was 0.409.Compared with the no-AKI group,the AKI group showed very significant differences in Model for End-stage Liver Disease score （14.74 ± 9.91 vs.11.07 ± 9.54,Z =5.404;P ＜ 0.001）,hepatic encephalopathy （45 [15.8％] vs.30 [7.3％],x2 =12.699;P ＜ 0.001）,hemofiltration （28 [9.8％] vs.0 [0.0％],x2 =42.171;P ＜ 0.001）,and 28-day mortality （23 [8.1％] vs.9 [2.2％],x2 13.323;P ＜0.001）.Moreover,mean values of Cr,BUN,UA,and β2-MG in the AKI group differed significantly at postoperative days 1,3,and 7 （all P ＜0.001）.ROC curve area was 0.847 of Cr for the detection of AKI Stage 1 （sensitivity 80.1％,specificity 75.7％,cutoffvalue 88.23 μmol/L）,0.916 for Stage 2 （sensitivity 87.6％,specificity 82.6％,cutoff value 99.9 μmol/L）,and 0.972 for Stage 3 （sensitivity 94.1％,specificity 88.2％,cutoff value 122.90 μmol/L）.Conclusion：The sensitivity and specificity of serum Cr might be a high-value indicator for the diagnosis and grading of post-OLT AKI.展开更多
Summary： The effects of oligosaccharide and creatine （Cr） supplementation on glucose, lactic acid and urea nitrogen levels in blood and activity of serum creatine kinase （CK） were explored. Twenty CUBA male athle...Summary： The effects of oligosaccharide and creatine （Cr） supplementation on glucose, lactic acid and urea nitrogen levels in blood and activity of serum creatine kinase （CK） were explored. Twenty CUBA male athletes were divided into 4 groups： group A （supplementation of Cr alone）, group B （supplementation of oligosaccharide）, group C （supplementation of oligosaccharide and Cr） and group D （placebo control group）. By using orthogonal L4 table （2a ）, the experiment was performed. There were factors including oligosaccharide （carbohydrate, CHO）, Cr and their correlation. Each factor had two levels： supplementation and no-supplementation. The results showed that the supplementation of CliO or Cr alone, combined supplementation of CHO and Cr could significantly reduce the glucose, urea nitrogen levels in blood and serum CK activity after competition in the athletes. Moreover, the effects of combined supplementation of CHO and Cr were more satisfactory. It was concluded that supplementation of CliO and Cr could promote the recovery of physical performance and athletic abilities after athletics in basketball athletes.展开更多
目的:探究尿素氮与白蛋白比值(blood urea nitrogen to serum albumin ratio,B/A)对老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,AECOPD)合并肾功能不全患者,无创机械通气(non-invasi...目的:探究尿素氮与白蛋白比值(blood urea nitrogen to serum albumin ratio,B/A)对老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,AECOPD)合并肾功能不全患者,无创机械通气(non-invasive mechanical ventilation,NIV)预后的预测价值。方法:选择2021年1月至2023年1月,在连云港市第二人民医院肾内科,收治的老年AECOPD合并肾功能不全患者接受NIV患者220例,依据患者住院NIV治疗后28 d的生存情况分为:生存组(180例)和死亡组(40例),比较两组患者的B/A,运用Logistic回归性分析和受试者工作特征曲线ROC评价入院初24 h的B/A预测AECOPD合并肾功能不全患者NIV治疗后28 d预后的价值。结果:生存组白蛋白、血红蛋白和血小板显著高于死亡组患者(P <0.05),生存组尿素氮、B/A、急性生理和慢性健康评分(acutephysiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ,APACHEⅡ)显著低于死亡组患者(P <0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示B/A和APACHEⅡ评分是导致患者死亡的危险因素(P <0.05)。ROC分析显示,B/A的曲线下面积、敏感度、特异度均较APACHEⅡ评分增高,B/A与APACHEⅡ评分的AUC差异无统计学意义(t=1.686,P=0.093)。结论:B/A和APACHEⅡ评分均可用于评估老年AECOPD合并肾功能不全患者NIV预后,与APACHEⅡ评分比,B/A在评估老年AECOPD患者NIV预后的效能更高。展开更多
文摘AIM: To examine characteristics of patients with blood urea nitrogen(BUN) levels higher and lower than the normal limit.METHODS: Patient records between April 2011 and March 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. During this time, 3296 patients underwent upper endoscopy. In total, 50 male(69.2 ± 13.2 years) and 26 female(72.3 ± 10.2 years) patients were assessed. Patients were divided into two groups based on BUN levels: higher than the normal limit(21.0 mg/d L)(H) and lower thanthe normal limit(L). One-way analysis of variance was performed to reveal differences in the variables between the H and L groups. Fisher's exact test was used to compare the percentage of patients with gastric ulcer or gastric cancer in the H and L groups.RESULTS: White blood cell count was higher in the H group than in the L group(P = 0.0047). Hemoglobin level was lower in the H group than in the L group(P = 0.0307). Glycated hemoglobin was higher in the H group than in the L group(P = 0.0264). The percentage of patients with gastric ulcer was higher in the H group(P = 0.0002). The H group contained no patients with gastric cancer.CONCLUSION: Patients with BUN ≥ 21 mg/d L might have more severe upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
基金Supported by the Social Development Projects of Nantong,No.MS12019019,No.HS2022004 and No.MS2023083the Medical Research Project of the Jiangsu Health Commission,No.Z2022058the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.32101027。
文摘BACKGROUND Increased blood urea nitrogen(BUN)levels have been demonstrated to be associated with broader metabolic disturbances and the incidence of type 2 diabetes(T2D),potentially playing a role in the development of diabetic complications,including diabetic peripheral neuropathy.AIM To examine the relationship between BUN levels and peripheral nerve function in patients with T2D.METHODS This observational study involved the systematic recruitment of 585 patients with T2D for whom BUN levels and estimated glomerular filtration rate were measured.Electromyography was used to assess peripheral motor and sensory nerve function in all patients,and overall composite Z-scores were subsequently calculated for nerve latency,amplitude,and conduction velocity(NCV)across the median,ulnar,common peroneal,posterior tibial,superficial peroneal,and sural nerves.RESULTS Across the quartiles of BUN levels,the overall composite Z-score for latency(F=38.996,P for trend<0.001)showed a significant increasing trend,whereas the overall composite Z-scores for amplitude(F=50.972,P for trend<0.001)and NCV(F=30.636,P for trend<0.001)exhibited a significant decreasing trend.Moreover,the BUN levels were closely correlated with the latency,amplitude,and NCV of each peripheral nerve.Furthermore,multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that elevated BUN levels were linked to a higher overall composite Z-score for latency(β=0.166,t=3.864,P<0.001)and lower overall composite Z-scores for amplitude(β=-0.184,t=-4.577,P<0.001)and NCV(β=-0.117,t=-2.787,P=0.006)independent of the estimated glomerular filtration rate and other clinical covariates.Additionally,when the analysis was restricted to sensory or motor nerves,elevated BUN levels remained associated with sensory or motor peripheral nerve dysfunction.CONCLUSION Increased BUN levels were independently associated with compromised peripheral nerve function in patients with T2D.
文摘Background The elderly subjects affected by ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)have the highest risk of mortality.This study was to explore the the prognostic impact of blood urea nitrogen(BUN)for short-term mortality in elderly STEMI patients receiving percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods A total of 777 consecutive patients with STEMI undergoing PCI were enrolled and divided into three groups according to the tertiles of BUN level at admission:<4.6 mmol/L(n=258),4.6-6.7 mmol/L(n=256)and≥263 mmol/L(n=263).The association of BUN with in-hospital and 1-year mortality was evaluated.Results The incidence of in-hospital death was 6.0%,which was significantly higher in patients with a high BUN level(1.6%vs.4.3%vs.12.2%,P<0.001).The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve showed that BUN>7 mmol/L had a sensitivity of 68.1%and specificity of 70.7%for predicting in-hospital death[area under curve(AUC):0.727,95%confidential interval(CI):0.660-0.795,P<0.001].Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that patients with BUN>7 mmol/L had a higher one-year mortality than those without(Log-rank test:44.7,P<0.001).Multivariate analysis showed an independent relationship between BUN>7 mmol/L and in-hospital[odds ratio(OR):2.37,95%CI:1.11-5.07,P=0.026]and one-year mortality[hazard ratio(HR):2.18,95%CI:1.32-3.59,P=0.002].Conclusions BUN may be a potential predictor for short-term mortality in patients with STEMI,which provided some references for identifying and managing high-risk populations early in clinical practice.
文摘Background：As a major complication after orthotopic liver transplantation （OLT）,the occurrence of acute kidney injury （AKI） is frequently defined by serum creatinine （Cr）;however,the accuracy of commonly used blood urea nitrogen （BUN）,uric acid （UA）,and β2-microglobulin （β2-MG） remains to be explored.This retrospective study compared the accuracy of these parameters for post-OLT AKI evaluation.Methods：Patients who underwent OLT in three centers between July 2003 and December 2013 were enrolled.The postoperative AKI group was diagnosed by the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes （KDIGO） criteria and classified by stage.Measurement data were analyzed using the t-test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test;enumerated data were analyzed using the Chi-square test or Fisher＇s exact test.Diagnostic reliability and predictive accuracy were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve analysis.Results：This study excluded 976 cases and analyzed 697 patients （578 men and 1 1 9 women）;the post-OLT AKI incidence was 0.409.Compared with the no-AKI group,the AKI group showed very significant differences in Model for End-stage Liver Disease score （14.74 ± 9.91 vs.11.07 ± 9.54,Z =5.404;P ＜ 0.001）,hepatic encephalopathy （45 [15.8％] vs.30 [7.3％],x2 =12.699;P ＜ 0.001）,hemofiltration （28 [9.8％] vs.0 [0.0％],x2 =42.171;P ＜ 0.001）,and 28-day mortality （23 [8.1％] vs.9 [2.2％],x2 13.323;P ＜0.001）.Moreover,mean values of Cr,BUN,UA,and β2-MG in the AKI group differed significantly at postoperative days 1,3,and 7 （all P ＜0.001）.ROC curve area was 0.847 of Cr for the detection of AKI Stage 1 （sensitivity 80.1％,specificity 75.7％,cutoffvalue 88.23 μmol/L）,0.916 for Stage 2 （sensitivity 87.6％,specificity 82.6％,cutoff value 99.9 μmol/L）,and 0.972 for Stage 3 （sensitivity 94.1％,specificity 88.2％,cutoff value 122.90 μmol/L）.Conclusion：The sensitivity and specificity of serum Cr might be a high-value indicator for the diagnosis and grading of post-OLT AKI.
文摘Summary： The effects of oligosaccharide and creatine （Cr） supplementation on glucose, lactic acid and urea nitrogen levels in blood and activity of serum creatine kinase （CK） were explored. Twenty CUBA male athletes were divided into 4 groups： group A （supplementation of Cr alone）, group B （supplementation of oligosaccharide）, group C （supplementation of oligosaccharide and Cr） and group D （placebo control group）. By using orthogonal L4 table （2a ）, the experiment was performed. There were factors including oligosaccharide （carbohydrate, CHO）, Cr and their correlation. Each factor had two levels： supplementation and no-supplementation. The results showed that the supplementation of CliO or Cr alone, combined supplementation of CHO and Cr could significantly reduce the glucose, urea nitrogen levels in blood and serum CK activity after competition in the athletes. Moreover, the effects of combined supplementation of CHO and Cr were more satisfactory. It was concluded that supplementation of CliO and Cr could promote the recovery of physical performance and athletic abilities after athletics in basketball athletes.
文摘目的:探究尿素氮与白蛋白比值(blood urea nitrogen to serum albumin ratio,B/A)对老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,AECOPD)合并肾功能不全患者,无创机械通气(non-invasive mechanical ventilation,NIV)预后的预测价值。方法:选择2021年1月至2023年1月,在连云港市第二人民医院肾内科,收治的老年AECOPD合并肾功能不全患者接受NIV患者220例,依据患者住院NIV治疗后28 d的生存情况分为:生存组(180例)和死亡组(40例),比较两组患者的B/A,运用Logistic回归性分析和受试者工作特征曲线ROC评价入院初24 h的B/A预测AECOPD合并肾功能不全患者NIV治疗后28 d预后的价值。结果:生存组白蛋白、血红蛋白和血小板显著高于死亡组患者(P <0.05),生存组尿素氮、B/A、急性生理和慢性健康评分(acutephysiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ,APACHEⅡ)显著低于死亡组患者(P <0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示B/A和APACHEⅡ评分是导致患者死亡的危险因素(P <0.05)。ROC分析显示,B/A的曲线下面积、敏感度、特异度均较APACHEⅡ评分增高,B/A与APACHEⅡ评分的AUC差异无统计学意义(t=1.686,P=0.093)。结论:B/A和APACHEⅡ评分均可用于评估老年AECOPD合并肾功能不全患者NIV预后,与APACHEⅡ评分比,B/A在评估老年AECOPD患者NIV预后的效能更高。
