目的在“骨肉不相亲”理论指导下,比较废用性骨质疏松症大鼠股骨、腓肠肌中果蝇母本抗生存因子蛋白2/3(small mother against decapentaplegic 2/3,Smad2/3)、特异性蛋白1(specificity protein 1,SP1)表达在中医不同治法下的影响,分析...目的在“骨肉不相亲”理论指导下,比较废用性骨质疏松症大鼠股骨、腓肠肌中果蝇母本抗生存因子蛋白2/3(small mother against decapentaplegic 2/3,Smad2/3)、特异性蛋白1(specificity protein 1,SP1)表达在中医不同治法下的影响,分析中医药对其的防治机制。方法将60只大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、补肾组、健脾组、补肾健脾组、西药组6组,并适应性喂养1周,造模组采用尾吊法建立模型,5周后取大鼠的腹主动脉血清、股骨及腓肠肌。通过骨密度检测和对股骨远端横断面处的骨形态进行三维重建观察比较各组大鼠股骨组织结构变化,评估骨质流失情况。采用HE染色和Masson染色观察大鼠腓肠肌组织的形态学变化。采用ELISA法检测各组大鼠血清碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(tartrate resistant acid phosphatase,TRACP)水平和股骨、腓肠肌中Smad2/3、SP1蛋白表达。结果与正常组比较,模型组大鼠股骨骨密度显著降低(P<0.01),骨微结构破坏明显;腓肠肌肌纤维萎缩,排列疏松;血清ALP水平显著降低、TRACP水平显著升高(P<0.01);股骨与腓肠肌中Smad2/3、SP1蛋白表达显著升高(P<0.01)。与模型组比较,各给药组股骨骨密度明显升高(P<0.05),骨微结构修复明显;腓肠肌肌纤维增粗,肌间隙减小;ALP水平明显升高(P<0.05,P<0.01)。与模型组比较,补肾健脾组和西药组TRACP水平降低最显著(P<0.01),其次是补肾组(P<0.05);各给药组股骨与腓肠肌中Smad2/3、SP1蛋白表达显著降低(P<0.01)。结论废用性骨质疏松症的发生、发展可能与骨骼及肌肉中Smad2/3、SP1蛋白表达的升高有关,二者的高表达可能会导致骨-肌失衡。各中医治法对废用性骨质疏松症的防治作用可能与降低骨骼与肌肉中Smad2/3、SP1蛋白表达有关。展开更多
Comprehensive surveys on the distribution of the endangered Chinting alpine toad(Scutiger chintingensis) were recently conducted, revealing important findings regarding its population characteristics. This study integ...Comprehensive surveys on the distribution of the endangered Chinting alpine toad(Scutiger chintingensis) were recently conducted, revealing important findings regarding its population characteristics. This study integrated morphological and molecular analyses to clarify the taxonomic status of these populations. Based on detailed morphological comparisons and phylogenetic analyses, the population from Wolong, Wenchuan County,Sichuan, China, is identified as a new species, which is formally described herein. The new species can be distinguished from all known congeners by a unique combination of following characteristics:(1) small body size, SVL 42.2–46.9 mm in adult males, SVL54.3–56.3 in adult females;(2) vomerine ridges and vomerine teeth absent, maxillary teeth present;(3)internasal distance and interorbital distance relatively large;(4) subarticular tubercle absent on fingers and toes;(5) dorsal and lateral skin rough with densely-distributed horny spines in males, smooth and lacking black horny spines in females;(6) vocal sac absent in males;(7) pair of pectoral glands and pair of axillary glands present on chest in males, axillary gland about two-thirds pectoral gland in size;(8) in breeding males, pectoral glands and axillary glands covered by dense spines, belly rough with horny spines, nuptial spines present on dorsal and lateral surface of first and second fingers and inner side of third finger,dense spines on inner forelimb aligned, extending from wrist to near axilla. This study highlights the critical importance of accurate taxonomic identification, particularly for endangered species, as misidentifications can misguide subsequent biological research and conservation efforts.展开更多
A new species of the Kukri snake genus Oligodon is described from Medog County in the eastern Himalayas of China. The species, named Oligodon zhangfujii sp. nov., can be distinguished from all known congeners by a com...A new species of the Kukri snake genus Oligodon is described from Medog County in the eastern Himalayas of China. The species, named Oligodon zhangfujii sp. nov., can be distinguished from all known congeners by a combination of the following morphological characteristics:(1) 17-17-15 dorsal scale rows;(2) six supralabials, third and fourth entering orbit;(3) one loreal present;(4)seven infralabials, first to fourth in contact with anterior chin shields;(5) 173 ventral scales and 47 pairs of subcaudal scales;(6) cloacal plate divided;(7) hemipenis single, shallowly bilobed, with large calcareous spines and a calyx area, sulcus spermaticus single;and(8) eight maxillary teeth.Phylogenetic analyses based on two mitochondrial genes revealed that this species occupies an independent phylogenetic position, distinct from the eight recognized species groups within the genus, and represents a sister taxon to the clade comprising the O. theobaldi and O. cinereus groups.The description is based on a single road-killed individual. As such, ecological data for the species remain sparse, underscoring the need for additional field surveys across the eastern Himalayan region.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Program of Research and Development, Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2023YFF1304800)National Natural Science Foundation of China (32400361, 32200363, 32370498)+2 种基金Sichuan Science and Technology Program (2024NSFSC1180, 2023NSFSC1155)the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (STEP) (2019QZKK0501)Taxonomist Position, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS-TAX-24-052, CAS-TAX-24-051),Biological Resources Programme, Chinese Academy of Sciences (KFJ-BRP-017-086, KFJ-BRP-017-65)。
文摘Comprehensive surveys on the distribution of the endangered Chinting alpine toad(Scutiger chintingensis) were recently conducted, revealing important findings regarding its population characteristics. This study integrated morphological and molecular analyses to clarify the taxonomic status of these populations. Based on detailed morphological comparisons and phylogenetic analyses, the population from Wolong, Wenchuan County,Sichuan, China, is identified as a new species, which is formally described herein. The new species can be distinguished from all known congeners by a unique combination of following characteristics:(1) small body size, SVL 42.2–46.9 mm in adult males, SVL54.3–56.3 in adult females;(2) vomerine ridges and vomerine teeth absent, maxillary teeth present;(3)internasal distance and interorbital distance relatively large;(4) subarticular tubercle absent on fingers and toes;(5) dorsal and lateral skin rough with densely-distributed horny spines in males, smooth and lacking black horny spines in females;(6) vocal sac absent in males;(7) pair of pectoral glands and pair of axillary glands present on chest in males, axillary gland about two-thirds pectoral gland in size;(8) in breeding males, pectoral glands and axillary glands covered by dense spines, belly rough with horny spines, nuptial spines present on dorsal and lateral surface of first and second fingers and inner side of third finger,dense spines on inner forelimb aligned, extending from wrist to near axilla. This study highlights the critical importance of accurate taxonomic identification, particularly for endangered species, as misidentifications can misguide subsequent biological research and conservation efforts.
基金supported by grants from National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2022YFC2602500)the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (STEP) (2019QZKK0501)+4 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (32200363, 32325011, 32220103004, 32300370, 32400361)International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (071GJHZ2023041MI)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2023M743416)Sichuan Science and Technology Program (2023NSFSC1155, 2024NSFSC1180)Taxonomist Position, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS-TAX-24-051, CAS-TAX-24-052),Biological Resources Programme, Chinese Academy of Sciences (KFJ-BRP-017-086, KFJ-BRP-017-065)。
文摘A new species of the Kukri snake genus Oligodon is described from Medog County in the eastern Himalayas of China. The species, named Oligodon zhangfujii sp. nov., can be distinguished from all known congeners by a combination of the following morphological characteristics:(1) 17-17-15 dorsal scale rows;(2) six supralabials, third and fourth entering orbit;(3) one loreal present;(4)seven infralabials, first to fourth in contact with anterior chin shields;(5) 173 ventral scales and 47 pairs of subcaudal scales;(6) cloacal plate divided;(7) hemipenis single, shallowly bilobed, with large calcareous spines and a calyx area, sulcus spermaticus single;and(8) eight maxillary teeth.Phylogenetic analyses based on two mitochondrial genes revealed that this species occupies an independent phylogenetic position, distinct from the eight recognized species groups within the genus, and represents a sister taxon to the clade comprising the O. theobaldi and O. cinereus groups.The description is based on a single road-killed individual. As such, ecological data for the species remain sparse, underscoring the need for additional field surveys across the eastern Himalayan region.
