Plants possess some desirable characteristics to synthesize recombinant glycoproteins for pharma-ceutical application.However,the mammalian glycoproteins produced in plants are somewhat different from their natural co...Plants possess some desirable characteristics to synthesize recombinant glycoproteins for pharma-ceutical application.However,the mammalian glycoproteins produced in plants are somewhat different from their natural counterparts in terms of N-glycoforms.The immunogenicity of plant-specific glyco-epitopes is the major concern in human therapy.Here,the distribution of N-glycans in different growth phases of tobacco BY2 cells and their immunogenicity in mice were determined.It was ob-served that the percentage of β1,2-xylose and α1,3-fucose in proteins of growing cells increased and the corresponding protein extracts caused accelerated immune response in mice.Based on this observation,the recombinant erythropoietin in BY2 cells was expressed and characterized,and Western blot analysis showed that the recombinant erythropoietin contained a relatively small amount of plant-specific glyco-epitopes in the early phase of culture growth.This study may provide a simple but effective strategy for the production of therapeutic glycoproteins with human-like N-glycan structures in plant hosts to avoid a great allergenic risk.展开更多
Plants are known to be efficient hosts for the production of mammalian therapeutic proteins.However,plants produce complex N-glycans bearingβ1,2-xylose and coreα1,3-fucose residues,which are absent in mammals.The im...Plants are known to be efficient hosts for the production of mammalian therapeutic proteins.However,plants produce complex N-glycans bearingβ1,2-xylose and coreα1,3-fucose residues,which are absent in mammals.The immunogenicity and allergenicity of plant-specific Nglycans is a key concern in mammalian therapy.In this study,we amplified the sequences of 2 plant-specific glycosyltransferases from Nicotiana tabacum L.cv Bright Yellow 2(BY2),which is a well-established cell line widely used for the expression of therapeutic proteins.The expression of the endogenous xylosyltranferase(XylT)and fucosyltransferase(FucT)was downregulated by using RNA interference(RNAi)strategy.The xylosylated and core fucosylated N-glycans were significantly,but not completely,reduced in the glycoengineered lines.However,these RNAi-treated cell lines were stable and viable and did not exhibit any obvious phenotype.Therefore,this study may provide an effective and promising strategy to produce recombinant glycoproteins in BY2 cells with humanized N-glycoforms to avoid potential immunogenicity.展开更多
An integrated low power CMOS VCO and its divide by 2 dividers for WLAN transceivers are presented.The VCO is based on on chip symmetrical spiral inductor and differential diode and the divide by 2 dividers are b...An integrated low power CMOS VCO and its divide by 2 dividers for WLAN transceivers are presented.The VCO is based on on chip symmetrical spiral inductor and differential diode and the divide by 2 dividers are based on the ILFD technique.Due to differential LC tanks and ILFD techniques,power consumption is low.The circuit is implemented in a 0 18μm CMOS process.Measurements show the proposed circuit could produce 3 6/1 8GHz dual band LO signals with a wide tuning range and low phase noise.1 8GHz LO signals are quadrature.It consumes 5mA at V DD =1 5V.The size of die area is only 1 0mm×1 0mm.展开更多
The present study was performed to determine the influence of lipid peroxidation and perturbance of Ca2+ homeostasis on liver damage induced by 2-chloro-1, 3-butadiene (CBD) and the protective effects of vitamin E in ...The present study was performed to determine the influence of lipid peroxidation and perturbance of Ca2+ homeostasis on liver damage induced by 2-chloro-1, 3-butadiene (CBD) and the protective effects of vitamin E in Wistar rats. Animals were given intraperitoneally different doses (8,40 or 200 mg·kg-1 daily) of CBD for 21 days, and the following dose-dependent events were observed: liver damage, significant increase in liver lipid peroxides, and decreases in activities of erythrocytic glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The pretreatment of rats with vitamin E (po 150 mg·kg-1) before administering CBD (iP 60 mg·kg-1 ) daily for 21 days prevented the following CBD-induced changes, the increase in serum cholylglycine (CG), hepatic LP, hepatic mitochondrion LP, hepatic oxidized glutathione (GSSG) (while the significant increase of reduced glutathione (GSH) was not affected) and the decrease in activities of erythrocytic SOD and hepatic mitochondrial calcium sequestration. These results suggest that lipid peroxidation and perturbance of Ca2+ homeostasis appear to contribute to the hepatotoxicity of CBD, and vitamin E might prevent the liver damage induced by CBD. The decrease in activities of GSH-Px and SOD in erythrocytes might be used as biomarkers for adverse effects of CBD on defense system against lipid peroxidation.展开更多
We present a 3 5 μ m optical parametric oscillator （OPO） based on ZGP pumped by KTP OPO 2.1-μ m laser. The tuning curves of ZGP OPO are calculated. The 8 ×6 ×18 （mm） ZGP crystal, whose end faces are an...We present a 3 5 μ m optical parametric oscillator （OPO） based on ZGP pumped by KTP OPO 2.1-μ m laser. The tuning curves of ZGP OPO are calculated. The 8 ×6 ×18 （mm） ZGP crystal, whose end faces are antireflection coated at 2.1 and 3.7 4.6 μ m, is cut as θ =53.5°, φ =0°. When the pump power of 2.1-μ m polarized laser is 15 W at 8 kHz, 5.7-W output power and 46.6% slope efficiency are obtained with a ZGP type I phase match. Central wavelengths of the signal and idler lasers are 4.10 and 4.32 μ m, respectively. Pulse duration is about 27 ns. Beam quality factor M 2 is better than 1.8. The tunability of 3 5 μ m can be achieved by changing the angle of the ZGP crystal.展开更多
The chemistry of extraction of lanthanide and yttrium by 2-ethylhexylphosphonic acidmono-2-ethylhexyl ester in n-dodecane from nitric acid is described. By M W determination, NMR and the slope method, the extraction r...The chemistry of extraction of lanthanide and yttrium by 2-ethylhexylphosphonic acidmono-2-ethylhexyl ester in n-dodecane from nitric acid is described. By M W determination, NMR and the slope method, the extraction reaction is studied.Based upon elementery analyses, IR, NMR as well as MW determination, the compositions ofthe complexes formed with La（NO3）3 and Nd（NO3）3 are studied. Both the standard enthalprchanges（-△H°） and the relative free energy and entropy changes （-△Zr°）（△SPr°）of the ex-.traction reaction are also estimated. The regularity of the variations of Kea（concentrationequilibrium constant）, -△AZr° and △Sr°reveals the tetrad effect. The average separationfactor of the adjacent lanthanides is calculated to be as high as 3.04.展开更多
基金Supported by the European Commission Sixth Framework Program (Grant No. SP22-CT-2004-511060)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30325030/30530400)
文摘Plants possess some desirable characteristics to synthesize recombinant glycoproteins for pharma-ceutical application.However,the mammalian glycoproteins produced in plants are somewhat different from their natural counterparts in terms of N-glycoforms.The immunogenicity of plant-specific glyco-epitopes is the major concern in human therapy.Here,the distribution of N-glycans in different growth phases of tobacco BY2 cells and their immunogenicity in mice were determined.It was ob-served that the percentage of β1,2-xylose and α1,3-fucose in proteins of growing cells increased and the corresponding protein extracts caused accelerated immune response in mice.Based on this observation,the recombinant erythropoietin in BY2 cells was expressed and characterized,and Western blot analysis showed that the recombinant erythropoietin contained a relatively small amount of plant-specific glyco-epitopes in the early phase of culture growth.This study may provide a simple but effective strategy for the production of therapeutic glycoproteins with human-like N-glycan structures in plant hosts to avoid a great allergenic risk.
基金This work was supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31030047)the European Commission Sixth Framework Program(Grant No.SP22-CT-2004-511060).
文摘Plants are known to be efficient hosts for the production of mammalian therapeutic proteins.However,plants produce complex N-glycans bearingβ1,2-xylose and coreα1,3-fucose residues,which are absent in mammals.The immunogenicity and allergenicity of plant-specific Nglycans is a key concern in mammalian therapy.In this study,we amplified the sequences of 2 plant-specific glycosyltransferases from Nicotiana tabacum L.cv Bright Yellow 2(BY2),which is a well-established cell line widely used for the expression of therapeutic proteins.The expression of the endogenous xylosyltranferase(XylT)and fucosyltransferase(FucT)was downregulated by using RNA interference(RNAi)strategy.The xylosylated and core fucosylated N-glycans were significantly,but not completely,reduced in the glycoengineered lines.However,these RNAi-treated cell lines were stable and viable and did not exhibit any obvious phenotype.Therefore,this study may provide an effective and promising strategy to produce recombinant glycoproteins in BY2 cells with humanized N-glycoforms to avoid potential immunogenicity.
文摘An integrated low power CMOS VCO and its divide by 2 dividers for WLAN transceivers are presented.The VCO is based on on chip symmetrical spiral inductor and differential diode and the divide by 2 dividers are based on the ILFD technique.Due to differential LC tanks and ILFD techniques,power consumption is low.The circuit is implemented in a 0 18μm CMOS process.Measurements show the proposed circuit could produce 3 6/1 8GHz dual band LO signals with a wide tuning range and low phase noise.1 8GHz LO signals are quadrature.It consumes 5mA at V DD =1 5V.The size of die area is only 1 0mm×1 0mm.
文摘The present study was performed to determine the influence of lipid peroxidation and perturbance of Ca2+ homeostasis on liver damage induced by 2-chloro-1, 3-butadiene (CBD) and the protective effects of vitamin E in Wistar rats. Animals were given intraperitoneally different doses (8,40 or 200 mg·kg-1 daily) of CBD for 21 days, and the following dose-dependent events were observed: liver damage, significant increase in liver lipid peroxides, and decreases in activities of erythrocytic glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The pretreatment of rats with vitamin E (po 150 mg·kg-1) before administering CBD (iP 60 mg·kg-1 ) daily for 21 days prevented the following CBD-induced changes, the increase in serum cholylglycine (CG), hepatic LP, hepatic mitochondrion LP, hepatic oxidized glutathione (GSSG) (while the significant increase of reduced glutathione (GSH) was not affected) and the decrease in activities of erythrocytic SOD and hepatic mitochondrial calcium sequestration. These results suggest that lipid peroxidation and perturbance of Ca2+ homeostasis appear to contribute to the hepatotoxicity of CBD, and vitamin E might prevent the liver damage induced by CBD. The decrease in activities of GSH-Px and SOD in erythrocytes might be used as biomarkers for adverse effects of CBD on defense system against lipid peroxidation.
文摘We present a 3 5 μ m optical parametric oscillator （OPO） based on ZGP pumped by KTP OPO 2.1-μ m laser. The tuning curves of ZGP OPO are calculated. The 8 ×6 ×18 （mm） ZGP crystal, whose end faces are antireflection coated at 2.1 and 3.7 4.6 μ m, is cut as θ =53.5°, φ =0°. When the pump power of 2.1-μ m polarized laser is 15 W at 8 kHz, 5.7-W output power and 46.6% slope efficiency are obtained with a ZGP type I phase match. Central wavelengths of the signal and idler lasers are 4.10 and 4.32 μ m, respectively. Pulse duration is about 27 ns. Beam quality factor M 2 is better than 1.8. The tunability of 3 5 μ m can be achieved by changing the angle of the ZGP crystal.
文摘The chemistry of extraction of lanthanide and yttrium by 2-ethylhexylphosphonic acidmono-2-ethylhexyl ester in n-dodecane from nitric acid is described. By M W determination, NMR and the slope method, the extraction reaction is studied.Based upon elementery analyses, IR, NMR as well as MW determination, the compositions ofthe complexes formed with La（NO3）3 and Nd（NO3）3 are studied. Both the standard enthalprchanges（-△H°） and the relative free energy and entropy changes （-△Zr°）（△SPr°）of the ex-.traction reaction are also estimated. The regularity of the variations of Kea（concentrationequilibrium constant）, -△AZr° and △Sr°reveals the tetrad effect. The average separationfactor of the adjacent lanthanides is calculated to be as high as 3.04.
