High-mobility group box 1 was first discovered in the calf thymus as a DNA-binding nuclear protein and has been widely studied in diverse fields,including neurology and neuroscience.High-mobility group box 1 in the ex...High-mobility group box 1 was first discovered in the calf thymus as a DNA-binding nuclear protein and has been widely studied in diverse fields,including neurology and neuroscience.High-mobility group box 1 in the extracellular space functions as a pro-inflammatory damage-associated molecular pattern,which has been proven to play an important role in a wide variety of central nervous system disorders such as ischemic stroke,Alzheimer’s disease,frontotemporal dementia,Parkinson’s disease,multiple sclerosis,epilepsy,and traumatic brain injury.Several drugs that inhibit high-mobility group box 1 as a damage-associated molecular pattern,such as glycyrrhizin,ethyl pyruvate,and neutralizing anti-high-mobility group box 1 antibodies,are commonly used to target high-mobility group box 1 activity in central nervous system disorders.Although it is commonly known for its detrimental inflammatory effect,high-mobility group box 1 has also been shown to have beneficial pro-regenerative roles in central nervous system disorders.In this narrative review,we provide a brief summary of the history of high-mobility group box 1 research and its characterization as a damage-associated molecular pattern,its downstream receptors,and intracellular signaling pathways,how high-mobility group box 1 exerts the repair-favoring roles in general and in the central nervous system,and clues on how to differentiate the pro-regenerative from the pro-inflammatory role.Research targeting high-mobility group box 1 in the central nervous system may benefit from differentiating between the two functions rather than overall suppression of high-mobility group box 1.展开更多
In Computed Tomography (CT), the beam hardening artifacts are caused by polychromatic X-ray beams applied in real medical imaging. In this article, we applied the recently proposed box-constrained nonlinear weighted a...In Computed Tomography (CT), the beam hardening artifacts are caused by polychromatic X-ray beams applied in real medical imaging. In this article, we applied the recently proposed box-constrained nonlinear weighted anisotropic total variation regularization (box-constrained NWATV) method in the process of the reconstruction. We do numerical experiments to validate the advantages of the proposed method in reducing the beam hardening artifacts compared with the existing ways.展开更多
基金supported by a grant of the M.D.-Ph.D./Medical Scientist Training Program through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute(KHIDI)funded by the Ministry of Health&Welfare,Republic of Korea(to HK)+3 种基金supported by National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grants funded by the Korean government(MSITMinistry of Science and ICT)(NRF2019R1A5A2026045 and NRF-2021R1F1A1061819)a grant from the Korean Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute(KHIDI),funded by the Ministry of Health&Welfare,Republic of Korea(HR21C1003)New Faculty Research Fund of Ajou University School of Medicine(to JYC)。
文摘High-mobility group box 1 was first discovered in the calf thymus as a DNA-binding nuclear protein and has been widely studied in diverse fields,including neurology and neuroscience.High-mobility group box 1 in the extracellular space functions as a pro-inflammatory damage-associated molecular pattern,which has been proven to play an important role in a wide variety of central nervous system disorders such as ischemic stroke,Alzheimer’s disease,frontotemporal dementia,Parkinson’s disease,multiple sclerosis,epilepsy,and traumatic brain injury.Several drugs that inhibit high-mobility group box 1 as a damage-associated molecular pattern,such as glycyrrhizin,ethyl pyruvate,and neutralizing anti-high-mobility group box 1 antibodies,are commonly used to target high-mobility group box 1 activity in central nervous system disorders.Although it is commonly known for its detrimental inflammatory effect,high-mobility group box 1 has also been shown to have beneficial pro-regenerative roles in central nervous system disorders.In this narrative review,we provide a brief summary of the history of high-mobility group box 1 research and its characterization as a damage-associated molecular pattern,its downstream receptors,and intracellular signaling pathways,how high-mobility group box 1 exerts the repair-favoring roles in general and in the central nervous system,and clues on how to differentiate the pro-regenerative from the pro-inflammatory role.Research targeting high-mobility group box 1 in the central nervous system may benefit from differentiating between the two functions rather than overall suppression of high-mobility group box 1.
文摘In Computed Tomography (CT), the beam hardening artifacts are caused by polychromatic X-ray beams applied in real medical imaging. In this article, we applied the recently proposed box-constrained nonlinear weighted anisotropic total variation regularization (box-constrained NWATV) method in the process of the reconstruction. We do numerical experiments to validate the advantages of the proposed method in reducing the beam hardening artifacts compared with the existing ways.
