AIM To determine diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance arthrography(MRA) in evaluating rotator cuff tears(RCTs) using Snyder's classification for reporting.METHODS One hundred and twenty-six patients(64 mal...AIM To determine diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance arthrography(MRA) in evaluating rotator cuff tears(RCTs) using Snyder's classification for reporting.METHODS One hundred and twenty-six patients(64 males, 62 females; median age 55 years) underwent shoulder MRA and arthroscopy, which represented our reference standard. Surgical arthroscopic reports were reviewed and the reported Snyder's classification was recorded. MRA examinations were evaluated by two independent radiologists(14 and 5 years' experience) using Snyder's classification system, blinded to arthroscopy. Agreement between arthroscopy and MRA on partial-and fullthickness tears was calculated, first regardless of their extent. Then, analysis took into account also the extent of the tear. Interobserver agreement was also calculated the quadratically-weighted Cohen kappa statistics.RESULTS On arthroscopy, 71/126 patients(56%) had a fullthickness RCT. The remaining 55/126 patients(44%) had a partial-thickness RCT. Regardless of tear extent, out of 71 patients with arthroscopically-confirmed fullthickness RCTs, 66(93%) were correctly scored by both readers. All 55 patients with arthroscopic diagnosis of partial-thickness RCT were correctly assigned as having a partial-thickness RCT at MRA by both readers. Interobserver reproducibility analysis showed total agreement between the two readers in distinguishing partial-thickness from full-thickness RCTs, regardless of tear extent(k = 1.000). With regard to tear extent, in patients in whom a complete tear was correctly diagnosed, correct tear extent was detected in 61/66 cases(92%); in the remaining 5/66 cases(8%), tear extent was underestimated. Agreement was k = 0.955. Interobserver agreement was total(k = 1.000).CONCLUSION MRA shows high diagnostic accuracy and reproducibility in evaluating RCTs using the Snyder's classification for reporting. Snyder's classification may be adopted for routine reporting of MRA.展开更多
BACKGROUND Intra-articular glenohumeral joint injections are essential procedures for treating various shoulder disorders. Fluoroscopy-guided injections have been extensively used;however, they pose a risk of radiatio...BACKGROUND Intra-articular glenohumeral joint injections are essential procedures for treating various shoulder disorders. Fluoroscopy-guided injections have been extensively used;however, they pose a risk of radiation exposure and are expensive and timeconsuming. Recently, it has been suggested that ultrasound-guided injections are accurate and cost effective procedures.AIM To evaluate the accuracy of ultrasound-guided glenohumeral injections using a posterior approach that is confirmed using magnetic resonance arthrography(MRA).METHODS The study included 179 shoulders of patients with recurrent anterior instability(150 patients;103 and 76 right and left shoulders, respectively;160 males and 19 females;average age = 20.5 years;age range: 14-63 years) who underwent MRA for preoperative diagnosis. They were injected with 12 m L lidocaine(1%) using the ultrasound-guided posterior approach and then underwent magnetic resonance imaging. Two shoulder surgeons, except for the injector, evaluated the transverse relaxation(T2)-weighted images of axial planes and classified the intraarticular condition of injected contrast into three groups based on one of the three following scenarios: no leakage, injection into the glenohumeral joint without leakage;minor leakage, practical intra-articular injection with some leakage outside the posterior rotator cuffs;and major leakage, inaccurate injection with mass leakage without any contrast into the joint. The inter-rater reliability between two assessors was also evaluated by calculating Cohen’s kappa coefficient. The learning curve was assessed regarding the inaccurate injection rate by analyzing Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient.RESULTS Of the 179 injections, 163 shoulders(91.0%) had no leakage, 10 shoulders(5.6%) had minor leakage, and six shoulders(3.4%) had major leakage. In total, 173 shoulders(96.6%) were intraarticularly injected;thus, we could detect anterior labrum and capsular pathologies. Regarding the inter-rater reliability, the kappa coefficient was 0.925, indicating consistency in the evaluations by both examiners. Regression analysis of the inaccurate injection rate for assessingtechnical learning showed a logarithmic curve with a downward trend(R;= 0.887, P < 0.001). Three(50%) of the six inaccurate injections classified into “major leakage” were observed in the first 30 injections, indicating that the accurate injection showed a leaning effect.CONCLUSION Ultrasound-guided intra-articular glenohumeral injections using a posterior approach had high accuracy;however, injection accuracy depends on clinical experience.展开更多
Objective To study the MR characterizations of supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendon lesions by comparing with gross anatomy and histopathology. Methods The study group consisted of 20 cadaver shoulders which were un...Objective To study the MR characterizations of supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendon lesions by comparing with gross anatomy and histopathology. Methods The study group consisted of 20 cadaver shoulders which were underwent the same imaging protocols of conventional MRI and MR arthrography. Results SET2WI images or MR arthrography respectively possessed of high specificity （95. 6% , 100% ）, but low sensitivity （70. 6% , 58. 8% ） for diagnosing rotator cuff tears. By uniting two images techniques, could remedy its limitations and would markedly increase the sensitivity （88.2% ）. There were many factors influencing the visualizations of partial thickness tears of rotator cuff on MR images, from which uppermost factors are tear extent, ruptured synovial capsule, scar and synovial proliferation. Conclusion MR1 diagnoses of rotator cuff lesions （ especially partial thickness tears） must carefully be estimated by combining T2WI images and MR arthrography.展开更多
Objective:: To investigate the radiocarpal joint injection arthrography and magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosis of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) injuries. Methods: Thirteen cases whose main complai...Objective:: To investigate the radiocarpal joint injection arthrography and magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosis of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) injuries. Methods: Thirteen cases whose main complaints were ulnar wrist pain were given radiocarpal joint arthrography and eight of them were also given magnetic resonance imaging for evaluating the integrity of the triangular fibrocartilage complex. Results: Ten of thirteen cases presented the leakage of contrast medium to distal radioulnar joint from the radiocarpal joint, in whom, 8 were demonstrated triangular fibrocartilage tear on magnetic resonance imaging, and 3 located at radial side, 2 at central, 3 at ulnar side. One of three cases which were demonstrated without the leakage of contrast medium in arthrography were displayed with marked TFCC tear on magnetic resonance imaging. Conclusions: The wrist arthrography can provide a definite diagnosis for triangular fibrocartilage disruption with higher sensitivity. magnetic resonance imaging not only demonstrates the site of triangular fibrocartilage disruption as the same value as wrist arthrography, but also displays the other related bony and soft tissues changes.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the values of spiral CT arthrography with multiplanar reconstruction and virtual arthroscopy technique i n diagnosis of internal derangements of the knee. Methods:Ten bovine knees were used for e...Objective:To evaluate the values of spiral CT arthrography with multiplanar reconstruction and virtual arthroscopy technique i n diagnosis of internal derangements of the knee. Methods:Ten bovine knees were used for experiment. The menisci , anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments and cartilage of these 10 bovine kne es were injured with a hook. Each of the joints was injected with 100 ml air, th en soon scanned with a PQ6000 spiral computed tomography scanner. The data obtai ned was input into the work station, and multiplanar reconstruction technique wa s used to illustrate lesions in the knees. The results of CT diagnosis were comp ared to those found by gross inspection of the specimens. Clinically, 10 knees o f 9 patients diagnosed as internal derangement were evaluated with the same meth od after 50-70 ml air was injected into each of the joints. Nine months later, the data of 2 patients were used for CT endoscopy reconstruction. The results we re compared with intraoperative findings. Results:Experimentally, the sensitivity and specificity were 88.9 % and 93.9 % by detection of meniscal abnormalities, 85.7 % and 10 0% by detection of cruciate ligament lesions, and 72.7 % and 100% by detectio n of cartilage damage, respectively. Clinically, the sensitivity and specificity were 90.0 % and 95.0 % by detection of meniscal lesion. As to ligament, t he figures were 85.7 % and 100% respectively. Images of virtual arthroscopy s imulated the images of real arthroscopy. Conclusions:Spiral CT arthrography of multiplanar reconstructi on technique offers fine images of internal structures of the knee, with clear b order and internal structure. It is an accurate method for detecting meniscal, cruciate and collateral ligament and cartilaginous lesions that cause internal d erangement of the knee. Virtual arthroscopy technique is a hopeful method for de tecting reasons of derangement of the knee.展开更多
文摘AIM To determine diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance arthrography(MRA) in evaluating rotator cuff tears(RCTs) using Snyder's classification for reporting.METHODS One hundred and twenty-six patients(64 males, 62 females; median age 55 years) underwent shoulder MRA and arthroscopy, which represented our reference standard. Surgical arthroscopic reports were reviewed and the reported Snyder's classification was recorded. MRA examinations were evaluated by two independent radiologists(14 and 5 years' experience) using Snyder's classification system, blinded to arthroscopy. Agreement between arthroscopy and MRA on partial-and fullthickness tears was calculated, first regardless of their extent. Then, analysis took into account also the extent of the tear. Interobserver agreement was also calculated the quadratically-weighted Cohen kappa statistics.RESULTS On arthroscopy, 71/126 patients(56%) had a fullthickness RCT. The remaining 55/126 patients(44%) had a partial-thickness RCT. Regardless of tear extent, out of 71 patients with arthroscopically-confirmed fullthickness RCTs, 66(93%) were correctly scored by both readers. All 55 patients with arthroscopic diagnosis of partial-thickness RCT were correctly assigned as having a partial-thickness RCT at MRA by both readers. Interobserver reproducibility analysis showed total agreement between the two readers in distinguishing partial-thickness from full-thickness RCTs, regardless of tear extent(k = 1.000). With regard to tear extent, in patients in whom a complete tear was correctly diagnosed, correct tear extent was detected in 61/66 cases(92%); in the remaining 5/66 cases(8%), tear extent was underestimated. Agreement was k = 0.955. Interobserver agreement was total(k = 1.000).CONCLUSION MRA shows high diagnostic accuracy and reproducibility in evaluating RCTs using the Snyder's classification for reporting. Snyder's classification may be adopted for routine reporting of MRA.
文摘BACKGROUND Intra-articular glenohumeral joint injections are essential procedures for treating various shoulder disorders. Fluoroscopy-guided injections have been extensively used;however, they pose a risk of radiation exposure and are expensive and timeconsuming. Recently, it has been suggested that ultrasound-guided injections are accurate and cost effective procedures.AIM To evaluate the accuracy of ultrasound-guided glenohumeral injections using a posterior approach that is confirmed using magnetic resonance arthrography(MRA).METHODS The study included 179 shoulders of patients with recurrent anterior instability(150 patients;103 and 76 right and left shoulders, respectively;160 males and 19 females;average age = 20.5 years;age range: 14-63 years) who underwent MRA for preoperative diagnosis. They were injected with 12 m L lidocaine(1%) using the ultrasound-guided posterior approach and then underwent magnetic resonance imaging. Two shoulder surgeons, except for the injector, evaluated the transverse relaxation(T2)-weighted images of axial planes and classified the intraarticular condition of injected contrast into three groups based on one of the three following scenarios: no leakage, injection into the glenohumeral joint without leakage;minor leakage, practical intra-articular injection with some leakage outside the posterior rotator cuffs;and major leakage, inaccurate injection with mass leakage without any contrast into the joint. The inter-rater reliability between two assessors was also evaluated by calculating Cohen’s kappa coefficient. The learning curve was assessed regarding the inaccurate injection rate by analyzing Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient.RESULTS Of the 179 injections, 163 shoulders(91.0%) had no leakage, 10 shoulders(5.6%) had minor leakage, and six shoulders(3.4%) had major leakage. In total, 173 shoulders(96.6%) were intraarticularly injected;thus, we could detect anterior labrum and capsular pathologies. Regarding the inter-rater reliability, the kappa coefficient was 0.925, indicating consistency in the evaluations by both examiners. Regression analysis of the inaccurate injection rate for assessingtechnical learning showed a logarithmic curve with a downward trend(R;= 0.887, P < 0.001). Three(50%) of the six inaccurate injections classified into “major leakage” were observed in the first 30 injections, indicating that the accurate injection showed a leaning effect.CONCLUSION Ultrasound-guided intra-articular glenohumeral injections using a posterior approach had high accuracy;however, injection accuracy depends on clinical experience.
文摘Objective To study the MR characterizations of supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendon lesions by comparing with gross anatomy and histopathology. Methods The study group consisted of 20 cadaver shoulders which were underwent the same imaging protocols of conventional MRI and MR arthrography. Results SET2WI images or MR arthrography respectively possessed of high specificity （95. 6% , 100% ）, but low sensitivity （70. 6% , 58. 8% ） for diagnosing rotator cuff tears. By uniting two images techniques, could remedy its limitations and would markedly increase the sensitivity （88.2% ）. There were many factors influencing the visualizations of partial thickness tears of rotator cuff on MR images, from which uppermost factors are tear extent, ruptured synovial capsule, scar and synovial proliferation. Conclusion MR1 diagnoses of rotator cuff lesions （ especially partial thickness tears） must carefully be estimated by combining T2WI images and MR arthrography.
文摘Objective:: To investigate the radiocarpal joint injection arthrography and magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosis of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) injuries. Methods: Thirteen cases whose main complaints were ulnar wrist pain were given radiocarpal joint arthrography and eight of them were also given magnetic resonance imaging for evaluating the integrity of the triangular fibrocartilage complex. Results: Ten of thirteen cases presented the leakage of contrast medium to distal radioulnar joint from the radiocarpal joint, in whom, 8 were demonstrated triangular fibrocartilage tear on magnetic resonance imaging, and 3 located at radial side, 2 at central, 3 at ulnar side. One of three cases which were demonstrated without the leakage of contrast medium in arthrography were displayed with marked TFCC tear on magnetic resonance imaging. Conclusions: The wrist arthrography can provide a definite diagnosis for triangular fibrocartilage disruption with higher sensitivity. magnetic resonance imaging not only demonstrates the site of triangular fibrocartilage disruption as the same value as wrist arthrography, but also displays the other related bony and soft tissues changes.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the values of spiral CT arthrography with multiplanar reconstruction and virtual arthroscopy technique i n diagnosis of internal derangements of the knee. Methods:Ten bovine knees were used for experiment. The menisci , anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments and cartilage of these 10 bovine kne es were injured with a hook. Each of the joints was injected with 100 ml air, th en soon scanned with a PQ6000 spiral computed tomography scanner. The data obtai ned was input into the work station, and multiplanar reconstruction technique wa s used to illustrate lesions in the knees. The results of CT diagnosis were comp ared to those found by gross inspection of the specimens. Clinically, 10 knees o f 9 patients diagnosed as internal derangement were evaluated with the same meth od after 50-70 ml air was injected into each of the joints. Nine months later, the data of 2 patients were used for CT endoscopy reconstruction. The results we re compared with intraoperative findings. Results:Experimentally, the sensitivity and specificity were 88.9 % and 93.9 % by detection of meniscal abnormalities, 85.7 % and 10 0% by detection of cruciate ligament lesions, and 72.7 % and 100% by detectio n of cartilage damage, respectively. Clinically, the sensitivity and specificity were 90.0 % and 95.0 % by detection of meniscal lesion. As to ligament, t he figures were 85.7 % and 100% respectively. Images of virtual arthroscopy s imulated the images of real arthroscopy. Conclusions:Spiral CT arthrography of multiplanar reconstructi on technique offers fine images of internal structures of the knee, with clear b order and internal structure. It is an accurate method for detecting meniscal, cruciate and collateral ligament and cartilaginous lesions that cause internal d erangement of the knee. Virtual arthroscopy technique is a hopeful method for de tecting reasons of derangement of the knee.
