The paper had studied growth situation and disease symptoms of ancient trees in Surging Waves Pavilion.There were 14 ancient trees belonging to 10 genera of 9 families,with tree age of 120-260 years.These trees had be...The paper had studied growth situation and disease symptoms of ancient trees in Surging Waves Pavilion.There were 14 ancient trees belonging to 10 genera of 9 families,with tree age of 120-260 years.These trees had been well protected generally.There were 9 ancient trees growing well,occupying 64.29%,which were Ginkgo biloba,Cupressus funebris Endl.,Podocarpus macrophyllus,Zelkova schneideriana Hand.-Mazz,Cinnamomum camphora(L.)Presl,Buxus sinica,and Wisteria sinensis(Sims)Sweet.There were 5 ancient trees needing to be protected preferentially,occupying 35.71%,including Ligustrum lucidum,Osmanthus fragrans and Pterocarya stenoptera.The disease symptoms were trunk rot and hollow structure.Based on these symptoms,the paper had proposed protective measures for Ligustrum lucidum and Osmanthus fragrans:① enclosing eroding holes on the trunk;② clearing up eroded woodiness on the surface of trunk,disinfecting and applying anti-corrosion protectants;③ filling eroded holes of the trunk.Protective measures for Pterocarya stenoptera included:① clearing up the inner part and interior walls;② disinfecting the inside and interior walls of holes;③ applying anti-corrosion protectants.展开更多
Growth conditions,symptoms of ancient trees in the Master-of-Nets Garden were investigated,it was found that there were 6 ancient trees about 120-920 years old in this garden,belonging to 5 genera and 5 families.Gener...Growth conditions,symptoms of ancient trees in the Master-of-Nets Garden were investigated,it was found that there were 6 ancient trees about 120-920 years old in this garden,belonging to 5 genera and 5 families.Generally speaking,ancient trees in this garden grow well due to the proper protection,and 3 of them need only regular management,specifically,Pinus bungeana Zucc.,Podocarpus macrophyllus(Thunb.)D.Don,Wisteria sinensis Sweet in south yard of Dianchun Yi(the Peony Study),while another three need key protection,specifically,Chaenomeles sinensis Koehne,Sabina chinensis(Linn.)Ant.,W.sinensis Sweet,2 of which need corrosion prevention and filling protection,and another one needs comprehensive techniques for the rejuvenation of tree vigor.In view of symptoms of these 3 trees requiring key protection,corresponding techniques were proposed as below:3 steps for protecting C.sinensis Koehne(A.clearing and sterilizing tree holes,painting anti-corrosion protective agent;B.filling holes;C.sealing holes);3 steps for protecting W.sinensis Sweet(A.clearing up rotten xylem;B.anti-corrosion and sterilization processing for trunk;C.painting anti-corrosion agent);4 steps for S.chinensis(Linn.)Ant.(A.clearing climbing plants around it;B.clearing rotten xylem;C.filling holes;D.improving rhizosphere and rejuvenation of the tree).展开更多
With superior natural conditions,Lushan has abounded in not only plant resources but also profound cultural,religious and political flavors.The research on the ancient trees in Lushan is of great significance to the p...With superior natural conditions,Lushan has abounded in not only plant resources but also profound cultural,religious and political flavors.The research on the ancient trees in Lushan is of great significance to the preservation of natural ancient,exploration of the cultural contents,development and exploitation of those ancient trees and realization of the sustainable development in Lushan.Forest coverage of Lushan reaches 76.6%,and among these plants there are 41 families,83 genera,and 217 species of fern,9 families,34 genera,and 95 species of gymnosperms,and 154 families,864 genera,and 2 332 species of angiosperms.Lushan is divided into the subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest zone in "Chinese Vegetation Regionalization",and characterized as obvious vertical vegetation distribution.Here the author reviewed the evaluation methods of the landscape value of ancient trees in Lushan,hoping to comment on the landscape value of Lushan ancient trees and the investigation,preservation and use of those plant resources in order to lay a foundation for future research.展开更多
Based on the current situation and symptoms of the trees' growth in the Humble Administrator's Garden,this paper put forward corresponding monitoring and early-warning standards and technical measures of the a...Based on the current situation and symptoms of the trees' growth in the Humble Administrator's Garden,this paper put forward corresponding monitoring and early-warning standards and technical measures of the ancient and famous trees protection in the Humble Administrator's Garden specifically.The aim of doing this is to establish a scientific basis for the protection of the ancient and famous trees in the Humble Administrator's Garden by setting up systematic fundamental data,dynamic protection standard grades and technique measures of protecting the trees.The main symptom of trees in the Humble Administrator's Garden is the erosion and decay of the tree trunks.Fifteen tree trunks need technical protection,which holds 65.22% of the total sum of trees in the Humble Administrator's Garden.Therefore,much more emphasis should be paid in strengthening technical protection procedures of monitoring and early warning of the tree trunks in the future protection of the ancient and famous trees in the garden.Besides,the rejuvenation technique of rooting zone and rooting system,tree pruning technique as well as tree supporting measures according to the specific condition and symptom of the trees should be concerned with in order to protect the ancient and famous trees in the Humble Administrator's Garden in a more scientific and effective way.展开更多
Due to the regional characteristics and special environment of classical Suzhou gardens, ancient and famous trees in these gardens are not only organisms or natural resources, but also witnesses and recorders of histo...Due to the regional characteristics and special environment of classical Suzhou gardens, ancient and famous trees in these gardens are not only organisms or natural resources, but also witnesses and recorders of history, so they have unique attributes and value of humanistic resources. On this basis, current situation of ancient and famous trees as well as ecological landscapes formed by these trees in classical Suzhou gardens were analyzed, connotations of these trees elaborated, and relevant regulations taken to identify the grade of these trees. Ancient and famous trees in 9 classical Chinese gardens were investigated, specifically, the Humble Administrator's Garden, the Lingering Garden, the Master-of-Nets Garden, the Mountain Villa with Embracing Beauty, the Pavilion of Surging Waves, the Lion Grove Garden, the Garden of Cultivation, the Couple's Retreat Garden and the Garden of Pleasure. Compared with statistics obtained in 2002, the quantity of ancient and famous trees in these 9 gardens reduced by 11. History and growth state of some trees were introduced, such as Pinus bungeana Zucc. ex Endl., Ginkgo biloba L., Sabina chinensis (Linn.) Ant., Buxus sinica (Rehd. et Wils.) Cheng, Cudrania tricuspidata (Carr.) Bur., and significance of the principle-"right tree for right land" for ancient trees aged 100 years or more was stressed. Moreover, it was stressed that garden protection should also devote more attention to researches on plants.展开更多
The field investigation of the present situation of ancient and famous tress in Lingering Garden was conducted, the results showed that there were 18 trees, belonging to 13 species, 12 genera and 10 families. The tree...The field investigation of the present situation of ancient and famous tress in Lingering Garden was conducted, the results showed that there were 18 trees, belonging to 13 species, 12 genera and 10 families. The trees’ ages were between 100 years old and 330 years old; 14 trees (accounting for 77.78% of the total trees) required regular management, 2 trees (accounting for 11.11%) required bole antiseptic protection, 1 tree (accounting for 5.56% of the total plants) required protection for its trunk, and 1 tree (accounting for 5.56%) required bole antiseptic protection and rejuvenation. According to the survey results, the monitoring and early warning standard grades were divided, its reasons were analyzed, and finally, the relative protection and restoration countermeasures were put forward.展开更多
west of Tiananmen Square in Beijing, in Zhongshan Park, there stand several ancient cypress trees, each more than 1,000 years old. Their leafy crowns are all more than 20 meters high, while four have trunks that are 6...west of Tiananmen Square in Beijing, in Zhongshan Park, there stand several ancient cypress trees, each more than 1,000 years old. Their leafy crowns are all more than 20 meters high, while four have trunks that are 6 meters in circumference. The most unique of展开更多
Conservation of ancient and large trees in domestic and overseas cities was compared, ancient and large trees were regarded as important cultural relics playing an important role in optimizing urban natural environmen...Conservation of ancient and large trees in domestic and overseas cities was compared, ancient and large trees were regarded as important cultural relics playing an important role in optimizing urban natural environment and enriching urban humanistic and natural landscapes, and they were also important contents of urban garden works symbolizing urban parks. A case study was carried out Yunqizhujing Park to study conservation of ancient and large trees in park green spaces of Hangzhou City, solutions to current problems were proposed, and constructive suggestions were given for the conservation of ancient and large trees in urban park green spaces.展开更多
By establishing an AHP-based assessment index system and assessment model,and applying detection technology that is convenient and harmless for ancient and famous trees,this paper is significant for investigating and ...By establishing an AHP-based assessment index system and assessment model,and applying detection technology that is convenient and harmless for ancient and famous trees,this paper is significant for investigating and assessing the health state of ancient and famous trees,and protecting the limited resources. Fourteen indexes such as growth vigor,disease and pest were selected from the perspectives of overall situation,canopy,trunk and root,and AHP(applied analytic hierarchy process) was applied to define weights of these indexes. According to the results,top 3 indexes in terms of weight are tree vigor,treetop death,internal decay and hole,while the indexes with lower weight are parasitism,root damage,ventilation and permeability. On the basis of assessment model and method as well as field investigation,health grade of ancient and famous trees(A) can be obtained. By grading the health of ancient and famous trees into 3 levels,each level indicates a certain health state,so managers can take corresponding maintenance measures to develop the best ecological and social value of these trees.展开更多
To determine the age of oil-tea camellia trees, regression equations including Logistic, Mitscherlich, Gompertz, Korf, and Richards were used to calculate accumulative growth rate using basal trunk disc and investigat...To determine the age of oil-tea camellia trees, regression equations including Logistic, Mitscherlich, Gompertz, Korf, and Richards were used to calculate accumulative growth rate using basal trunk disc and investigate the relations between the age of oil-tea camellia trees and their growth rate of secondary trunk. The Gompertz equation Y=71.296 1exp （-3.874 4exp （-0.006 4t）） was the most optimal equation to simulate the accumulative growth rate of basal trunk disc. This equation could be used to estimate the age of oil-tea camellia trees that grow under similar environmental conditions. The Korf equation Y=576.900 1exp （-4.153 0x -0.314 2 ） was the best equation to describe the relation between the age and growth rate of different secondary trunks. With the adjustment coefficient and average growth of different secondary trunk discs, it is possible to predict the age of ancient oil-tea camellia trees that grow under similar environmental conditions. In addition, taking three or more discs from the same diameter group and calculating their average growth rate could lead to more accurate results. For trees that grow in different areas, environmental conditions should be carefully considered when using the above two equations to predict the age of ancient oil-tea camellia trees.展开更多
基金Supported by"Study on Protection and Monitoring Warning Standard of Ancient and Rare Trees in Suzhou Classical Gardens"which is the Scientific and Technological Development Planning Project of Science and Technology Bureau of Suzhou City in2008(SS08055)~~
文摘The paper had studied growth situation and disease symptoms of ancient trees in Surging Waves Pavilion.There were 14 ancient trees belonging to 10 genera of 9 families,with tree age of 120-260 years.These trees had been well protected generally.There were 9 ancient trees growing well,occupying 64.29%,which were Ginkgo biloba,Cupressus funebris Endl.,Podocarpus macrophyllus,Zelkova schneideriana Hand.-Mazz,Cinnamomum camphora(L.)Presl,Buxus sinica,and Wisteria sinensis(Sims)Sweet.There were 5 ancient trees needing to be protected preferentially,occupying 35.71%,including Ligustrum lucidum,Osmanthus fragrans and Pterocarya stenoptera.The disease symptoms were trunk rot and hollow structure.Based on these symptoms,the paper had proposed protective measures for Ligustrum lucidum and Osmanthus fragrans:① enclosing eroding holes on the trunk;② clearing up eroded woodiness on the surface of trunk,disinfecting and applying anti-corrosion protectants;③ filling eroded holes of the trunk.Protective measures for Pterocarya stenoptera included:① clearing up the inner part and interior walls;② disinfecting the inside and interior walls of holes;③ applying anti-corrosion protectants.
基金Supported by Scientific and Technological Development Program ofSuzhou Municipal Bureau of Science and Technology(2008):Studyon the Protection and Monitoring Early-warning Standards of Ancientand Famous Tree Species in Classical Suzhou Gardens(SS08055)~~
文摘Growth conditions,symptoms of ancient trees in the Master-of-Nets Garden were investigated,it was found that there were 6 ancient trees about 120-920 years old in this garden,belonging to 5 genera and 5 families.Generally speaking,ancient trees in this garden grow well due to the proper protection,and 3 of them need only regular management,specifically,Pinus bungeana Zucc.,Podocarpus macrophyllus(Thunb.)D.Don,Wisteria sinensis Sweet in south yard of Dianchun Yi(the Peony Study),while another three need key protection,specifically,Chaenomeles sinensis Koehne,Sabina chinensis(Linn.)Ant.,W.sinensis Sweet,2 of which need corrosion prevention and filling protection,and another one needs comprehensive techniques for the rejuvenation of tree vigor.In view of symptoms of these 3 trees requiring key protection,corresponding techniques were proposed as below:3 steps for protecting C.sinensis Koehne(A.clearing and sterilizing tree holes,painting anti-corrosion protective agent;B.filling holes;C.sealing holes);3 steps for protecting W.sinensis Sweet(A.clearing up rotten xylem;B.anti-corrosion and sterilization processing for trunk;C.painting anti-corrosion agent);4 steps for S.chinensis(Linn.)Ant.(A.clearing climbing plants around it;B.clearing rotten xylem;C.filling holes;D.improving rhizosphere and rejuvenation of the tree).
基金Supported by Scientific and Technological Program of the Education Department,Jiangxi Province (GJJ11627)~~
文摘With superior natural conditions,Lushan has abounded in not only plant resources but also profound cultural,religious and political flavors.The research on the ancient trees in Lushan is of great significance to the preservation of natural ancient,exploration of the cultural contents,development and exploitation of those ancient trees and realization of the sustainable development in Lushan.Forest coverage of Lushan reaches 76.6%,and among these plants there are 41 families,83 genera,and 217 species of fern,9 families,34 genera,and 95 species of gymnosperms,and 154 families,864 genera,and 2 332 species of angiosperms.Lushan is divided into the subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest zone in "Chinese Vegetation Regionalization",and characterized as obvious vertical vegetation distribution.Here the author reviewed the evaluation methods of the landscape value of ancient trees in Lushan,hoping to comment on the landscape value of Lushan ancient trees and the investigation,preservation and use of those plant resources in order to lay a foundation for future research.
基金Supported by 2008 Technology Development Projects of Suzhou Science and Technology Bureau-Research on the Protection and the Standards of Monitoring and Early Warning of Ancient and Famous Trees in Suzhou Classical Gardens (SS08055)~~
文摘Based on the current situation and symptoms of the trees' growth in the Humble Administrator's Garden,this paper put forward corresponding monitoring and early-warning standards and technical measures of the ancient and famous trees protection in the Humble Administrator's Garden specifically.The aim of doing this is to establish a scientific basis for the protection of the ancient and famous trees in the Humble Administrator's Garden by setting up systematic fundamental data,dynamic protection standard grades and technique measures of protecting the trees.The main symptom of trees in the Humble Administrator's Garden is the erosion and decay of the tree trunks.Fifteen tree trunks need technical protection,which holds 65.22% of the total sum of trees in the Humble Administrator's Garden.Therefore,much more emphasis should be paid in strengthening technical protection procedures of monitoring and early warning of the tree trunks in the future protection of the ancient and famous trees in the garden.Besides,the rejuvenation technique of rooting zone and rooting system,tree pruning technique as well as tree supporting measures according to the specific condition and symptom of the trees should be concerned with in order to protect the ancient and famous trees in the Humble Administrator's Garden in a more scientific and effective way.
文摘Due to the regional characteristics and special environment of classical Suzhou gardens, ancient and famous trees in these gardens are not only organisms or natural resources, but also witnesses and recorders of history, so they have unique attributes and value of humanistic resources. On this basis, current situation of ancient and famous trees as well as ecological landscapes formed by these trees in classical Suzhou gardens were analyzed, connotations of these trees elaborated, and relevant regulations taken to identify the grade of these trees. Ancient and famous trees in 9 classical Chinese gardens were investigated, specifically, the Humble Administrator's Garden, the Lingering Garden, the Master-of-Nets Garden, the Mountain Villa with Embracing Beauty, the Pavilion of Surging Waves, the Lion Grove Garden, the Garden of Cultivation, the Couple's Retreat Garden and the Garden of Pleasure. Compared with statistics obtained in 2002, the quantity of ancient and famous trees in these 9 gardens reduced by 11. History and growth state of some trees were introduced, such as Pinus bungeana Zucc. ex Endl., Ginkgo biloba L., Sabina chinensis (Linn.) Ant., Buxus sinica (Rehd. et Wils.) Cheng, Cudrania tricuspidata (Carr.) Bur., and significance of the principle-"right tree for right land" for ancient trees aged 100 years or more was stressed. Moreover, it was stressed that garden protection should also devote more attention to researches on plants.
文摘The field investigation of the present situation of ancient and famous tress in Lingering Garden was conducted, the results showed that there were 18 trees, belonging to 13 species, 12 genera and 10 families. The trees’ ages were between 100 years old and 330 years old; 14 trees (accounting for 77.78% of the total trees) required regular management, 2 trees (accounting for 11.11%) required bole antiseptic protection, 1 tree (accounting for 5.56% of the total plants) required protection for its trunk, and 1 tree (accounting for 5.56%) required bole antiseptic protection and rejuvenation. According to the survey results, the monitoring and early warning standard grades were divided, its reasons were analyzed, and finally, the relative protection and restoration countermeasures were put forward.
文摘west of Tiananmen Square in Beijing, in Zhongshan Park, there stand several ancient cypress trees, each more than 1,000 years old. Their leafy crowns are all more than 20 meters high, while four have trunks that are 6 meters in circumference. The most unique of
基金Supported by Lin’an Scientific and Technological Program of Zhejiang Province(200933)Hangzhou Social Development Scientific Research Program of Zhejiang Province(20100933B34)
文摘Conservation of ancient and large trees in domestic and overseas cities was compared, ancient and large trees were regarded as important cultural relics playing an important role in optimizing urban natural environment and enriching urban humanistic and natural landscapes, and they were also important contents of urban garden works symbolizing urban parks. A case study was carried out Yunqizhujing Park to study conservation of ancient and large trees in park green spaces of Hangzhou City, solutions to current problems were proposed, and constructive suggestions were given for the conservation of ancient and large trees in urban park green spaces.
基金Sponsored by Scientific and Technological Program of Dongguan Universities,Colleges and Scientific Research Institutes(201210820100491)
文摘By establishing an AHP-based assessment index system and assessment model,and applying detection technology that is convenient and harmless for ancient and famous trees,this paper is significant for investigating and assessing the health state of ancient and famous trees,and protecting the limited resources. Fourteen indexes such as growth vigor,disease and pest were selected from the perspectives of overall situation,canopy,trunk and root,and AHP(applied analytic hierarchy process) was applied to define weights of these indexes. According to the results,top 3 indexes in terms of weight are tree vigor,treetop death,internal decay and hole,while the indexes with lower weight are parasitism,root damage,ventilation and permeability. On the basis of assessment model and method as well as field investigation,health grade of ancient and famous trees(A) can be obtained. By grading the health of ancient and famous trees into 3 levels,each level indicates a certain health state,so managers can take corresponding maintenance measures to develop the best ecological and social value of these trees.
基金Supported by Hunan Forestry Science and Technology Project(XLK201707)
文摘To determine the age of oil-tea camellia trees, regression equations including Logistic, Mitscherlich, Gompertz, Korf, and Richards were used to calculate accumulative growth rate using basal trunk disc and investigate the relations between the age of oil-tea camellia trees and their growth rate of secondary trunk. The Gompertz equation Y=71.296 1exp （-3.874 4exp （-0.006 4t）） was the most optimal equation to simulate the accumulative growth rate of basal trunk disc. This equation could be used to estimate the age of oil-tea camellia trees that grow under similar environmental conditions. The Korf equation Y=576.900 1exp （-4.153 0x -0.314 2 ） was the best equation to describe the relation between the age and growth rate of different secondary trunks. With the adjustment coefficient and average growth of different secondary trunk discs, it is possible to predict the age of ancient oil-tea camellia trees that grow under similar environmental conditions. In addition, taking three or more discs from the same diameter group and calculating their average growth rate could lead to more accurate results. For trees that grow in different areas, environmental conditions should be carefully considered when using the above two equations to predict the age of ancient oil-tea camellia trees.
