Modern Algerian literature, unique among Arab national literary traditions, features a cultural blend of Arabic, Berber and French influences. The literature reflects their love of Algerian culture and thought, and th...Modern Algerian literature, unique among Arab national literary traditions, features a cultural blend of Arabic, Berber and French influences. The literature reflects their love of Algerian culture and thought, and their revolt against French colonialism. The Algerian-born Arab author Muhammad Dib （1920-2003） wrote in French, mainly about the Algerian struggle for independence. Expelled in 1959 for supporting the Algerian revolution, he settled in Paris. Considered a pioneer of Algerian literature, he was the first Arab Algerian to write Western-style novels. His Algerian trilogy, La Grande Maison, L ＇lncendie, and Le Mktier ~ tisser, was published between 1952 and 1957. Though autobiographical, the books trace both rural and urban life in pre-revolutionary times. Dib＇s 1959 thematically driven novel Un Otd Africaine （An African Summer）, analyzed here, rather than depicting the Algerian revolution itself, describes its effect on the characters and their lives. Nevertheless, the novel, framed around a cross-section of Algerian society, reflects colonial government abuses and the common people＇s sacrifices for their dream of independence. Dib also depicts France＇s colonialist attitudes as a betrayal of the ideals of the French Revolution and claims to humanitarian values.展开更多
Objective: To compare oral hygiene practices, education and social background, food intake and oral malodor of Algerian adults suffering from dental caries with normal controls, and to determine and compare the bacter...Objective: To compare oral hygiene practices, education and social background, food intake and oral malodor of Algerian adults suffering from dental caries with normal controls, and to determine and compare the bacterial composition of the supragingival plaques from the above-mentioned groups.Methods: Participants completed a questionnaire and were clinically examined for dental caries using decayed, missing and filled teeth index according to the criteria laid down by the World Health Organization. Supragingival plaque samples were collected from 50 caries-free adults(CF) and 50 caries-active adults(CA). Standard procedures of culture and identification of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were used. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test.Results: A total of 117 bacterial strains were isolated from supragingival plaques in CF group subjects, 76(64.96%) of them belonged to 9 aerobic genera, and 41(35.04%) to 9anaerobic genera(P < 0.05). While in the second group, 199 strains were isolated, 119(59.80%) of the strains belonged to 10 aerobic genera and 80(40.20%) to 10 anaerobic bacteria(P < 0.05). Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecium, Aerococcus viridans,Actinomyces meyeri, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Eubacterium limosum showed a significantly higher prevalence in the CA group(P < 0.05). The findings revealed that CA group had a high sugar intake(80%). A significantly higher frequency of tooth brushing(P < 0.000) and a significantly less self-reported oral malodor(P < 0.000) and tooth pain(P < 0.000) were found in CF group, while there was no association of socioeconomic levels and intake of meal snacks with dental caries.Conclusions: This study confirms the association of some aciduric bacteria with caries formation, and a direct association of sugar intake and cultural level with dental caries.Furthermore, oral hygiene practices minimize the prevalence of tooth decay.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the in vitro and in vivo effect of the Algerian propolis ethanolic extract(EEP) against Echinococcus granulosus(E. granulosus) infection. Methods: In vitro scolicidal activity of EEP was investi...Objective: To evaluate the in vitro and in vivo effect of the Algerian propolis ethanolic extract(EEP) against Echinococcus granulosus(E. granulosus) infection. Methods: In vitro scolicidal activity of EEP was investigated on the protoscolices of hydatid cyst. This in vitro study was conducted by using an in vivo assay. BALB/c mice were inoculated with E. granulosus and treated with propolis for three months. Hydatid cysts development was assessed. Nitric oxide(NO), tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α) production and inducible NO synthase, NF-κB, and TNF-α spleen expression were estimated by Griess method and immunofluorescence respectively.Results: Our study revealed that EEP has a high scolicidal activity against E. granulosus. Oral administration of EEP decreased TNF-α, NF-κB and inducible NO synthase expression in the spleen tissues in the CE+EEP group, in comparison with the CE group. Concomitantly, EEP treatment caused an important systemic decrease in NO and TNF-α levels. These findings are associated with the reduction of CE development. Conclusions: This is the first report demonstrating with interest the antihydatic and immunomodulatory effects of the Algerian EEP, suggesting its therapeutic potential for the hydatid disease treatment.展开更多
Elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared （FTIR）, 1H-NMR, fluorescence spectroscopy, and surface tension methods have been used to characterize the molecular structure and the aggregation behaviors of two aspha...Elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared （FTIR）, 1H-NMR, fluorescence spectroscopy, and surface tension methods have been used to characterize the molecular structure and the aggregation behaviors of two asphaltenic fractions derived, respectively, from an Alge- rian petroleum well and a corresponding storage tank deposit. Elemental analysis, FTIR, ~H-NMR, and fluores- cence spectroscopy were used to investigate the chemical composition and structural parameters of asphaltenes, while the surface tension method was used to measure the critical micelle concentration （CMC） in organic solvents with different solubility parameters and polarities in order to characterize the asphaltenes＇ aggregation behaviors. Results show that the unstable asphaltenes fraction extracted from the storage tank deposit possesses a higher polarity （higher heteroatoms content） and a lower aro- maticity than stable asphaltenes from the petroleum well. The CMC results indicate that asphaltenes with high polarity and low aromaticity have a high solubility in polar solvents such as nitrobenzene, whereas asphaltenes with low polarity and high aromaticity are more soluble in solvents with weak polarity, like toluene. It is concludedthat the difference of structure of asphaltene samples and polarity of solvents can lead to difference of aggregation behaviors.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant activities and to identify the volatile bioactive compounds present in different crude extracts of the seaweed Caulerpa racemosa var.cylindracea.Methods:Caulerpa...Objective:To evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant activities and to identify the volatile bioactive compounds present in different crude extracts of the seaweed Caulerpa racemosa var.cylindracea.Methods:Caulerpa racemosa harvested from the intertidal zone of Mostaganem coast(N 35?54’37.94",E 0?3’17.37")was subjected to Soxhlet extraction using methanol,chloroform,and hexane solvents.Antioxidant properties were assessed by using 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH),2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)(ABTS)andβ-carotene bleaching assays.The antibacterial activity was evaluated on six standard bacterial strains using the agar disc diffusion method.The GC-MS analysis was performed using non-polar and polar capillary columns.Results:The chloroform extract of Caulerpa racemosa exhibited higher contents of polyphenols[(123.91±1.46)mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry extract]and tannins[(59.28±5.43)mg catechin equivalent/g dry extract](P<0.001)and was the most effective in scavenging DPPH[(1.98±0.08)mg/m L]and ABTS[(1.66±0.05)mg/m L]radicals.The hexane extract displayed the best antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus,Bacillus cereus,and Pseudomonas aeruginosa,producing inhibition zones of(11.16±0.76),(9.00±0.00)and(9.33±1.15)mm,respectively.The l-(+)-ascorbic acid 2,6-dihexadecanoate and 4-hydroxy-2 methylproline were among the most abundant volatile compounds.Besides conventional fatty acids,cis-10-heptadecenoic acid,nonahexacontanoic acid,and dodecanoic acid,3-hydroxy-were identified.Two phytosterols were identified:stigmast-5-en-3-ol-(12.9%)and stigmast-5-en-3.beta.-ol,(24 S)-(4.57%).Conclusions:The preliminary identification of the volatile compounds reveals the presence of some new bioactive components not reported previously in Caulerpa racemosa from other geographical areas.Some of these compounds possess an interesting potential for pharmaceutical/nutraceutical applications.展开更多
To analyze the type of Algerian’s gallstones and put forward relative measures of prevention and treatment, The NICOLET 170SX FT-IR spectrometer was used to measure the infra-red spectrum and analyze the feature of s...To analyze the type of Algerian’s gallstones and put forward relative measures of prevention and treatment, The NICOLET 170SX FT-IR spectrometer was used to measure the infra-red spectrum and analyze the feature of spectrum of Algerian’s gallstones. The results shown that Algerian have cholesterol gallstones. Reasons to form Algerian’s multiple cholesterol gallstones were investigated. We have put forward five suggestions to prevent and treat cholelithiasis.展开更多
Liver, muscle and blubber tissues of seven Common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) stranded along the Algerian west coast have been analysed for six traces elements Cu, Fe, Cd, Pb, Zn and Ni. This work confirms more accur...Liver, muscle and blubber tissues of seven Common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) stranded along the Algerian west coast have been analysed for six traces elements Cu, Fe, Cd, Pb, Zn and Ni. This work confirms more accurately the relations shown previously between age, sex and trace element concentrations in this species. Liver was shown to be the most important accumulating organ for Cu, Fe and Zn, and the results also indicated the importance of toxic metal transfer from mother to offspring. Significant differences between the liver, muscle and blubber were detected;except for the Ni concentrations were similar in these tissues.展开更多
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of companies’size on e-commerce transaction requirements,by examining both companies’components and companies’partners and their relation with company’s size....The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of companies’size on e-commerce transaction requirements,by examining both companies’components and companies’partners and their relation with company’s size.The paper is based on the analysis of 70 Algerian import companies through survey methodology.The findings indicate that large-sized companies respond strongly to all e-commerce transaction requirements,especially in the three companies’components;medium-and small-sized companies response to these requirements is less than large-sized companies.As a conclusion,companies’size often reacts to the e-commerce transaction requirements.展开更多
The Cultural approach is at the core of the modern theory of translation.The latter includes travel narratives,migrant writing,identity issues as well as cultural performances and representations.Henceforth,the beginn...The Cultural approach is at the core of the modern theory of translation.The latter includes travel narratives,migrant writing,identity issues as well as cultural performances and representations.Henceforth,the beginning of the 21st century has been characterized by the emergence of a wave of research in the area of translation and migration which has matured into a more developed and autonomous field of study whose heroes are migrants who have been portrayed by Salman Rushdie(1983)as“translated being”.The present research traces back the Algerian Black decade,which profoundly weighted on Algeria.What is highlighted is far from what is jointly heard during civil wars and conflict periods associated to scenes of terrorism,massacres and persecution;light is rather shed on some achievements that resulted from the different aspects of movement.The main question of our research turns around the way mobility of the Algerian elite during the Black Decade contributed in one way or another to enhance translation and literature and then to promote identity and local cultures.Drawing heavily on the modern Algerian history located undoubtedly in crucial moments,the study aims at investigating how movement during the tragic events of the Black Decade refreshed translation and migrant writing.The research provides a comprehensive picture of historical trends by available existing data,making it a descriptive research since this latter tries to answer questions about the complex nature of transnational features of translation with the purpose of understanding the phenomenon under scrutiny from precise angles.The study,which scrutinized Assia Djebar’s novel Far from Medina(1991)revealed the significant contribution of elite migrants’mobility during the Algerian Black in enhancing translation and literature within and across national boundaries.展开更多
In the present paper, a study of the productivity of oocytes in 402 female individuals of the horse mackerel, Trachurus trachurus for an interval of fork length （LF） between 14 cm and 20 cm, in stage IV （pre-spawn...In the present paper, a study of the productivity of oocytes in 402 female individuals of the horse mackerel, Trachurus trachurus for an interval of fork length （LF） between 14 cm and 20 cm, in stage IV （pre-spawning） and V （spawning） was performed to estimate the fecundity rate in Oran Bay （Algerian western coast） since October 2008 to April 2009. Total fecundity （absolute and relative） were calculated using fish length, weight and eviscerated weight of gonads. Absolute fecundity by size class oscillates from 33,375 to 56,391 eggs with an average of 48,686 ±11,470. The relative fecundity ranges from 34,802 to 139,636 eggs per 100 g body weight with an average of 96,955 ± 33,814 and it is varying between 15,544 and 46,561 per gram of gonad with an average of 28,595 ±20,251. The distribution of oocytes shows that stages I and II are presented throughout the spawning season and they constitute a stockpile for subsequent clutches.展开更多
The linguistic influence of the Korean Wave （Hallyu, which refers to the Korean pop and drama） on the language of International fans is that of a salient but not linguistically examined phenomenon. This study invest...The linguistic influence of the Korean Wave （Hallyu, which refers to the Korean pop and drama） on the language of International fans is that of a salient but not linguistically examined phenomenon. This study investigates the major aspects of this influence and the linguistic reasons behind its global prevalence. The practical part of this study is conducted on Algerian Hallyu fans from which a sample of 139 participants responded to the questionnaire used as a research instrument for achieving the goal of this study. Findings reveal that Hallyu influence is widely spread in Algeria, where by 98.5% of the participants declared the existence of this influence. This impact on participants＇ language starts from using Korean words in their daily discourse to using English words with an adapted Hallyu meaning and to naming phone contacts with the accurate Korean terms of kinship and endearment. Then, they start using linguistically odd inside jokes taken from Korean idols＇ and K-dramas＇ speech, employing Korean proverbs in their conversations, and gradually adopting a different pronunciation of some English sounds. Moreover, their language stands as a sample of Corpus Planning with two types： Modernization and Graphization. Some words are modernized in order to bridge the gap through Hallyu pals＇ communication with more precise words, while other words are graphitized for the sake of developing new terms or new meanings or to shorten long ones. This thesis contributes to the study of random language, generally, and to Hallyu language, specifically, as an aspect of Conversation Analysis （CA）.展开更多
The aims this study to know the reality of the role for Total Quality Management(TQM)to need of Algerian Higher Education Institutions(AHEI)in apply the Total Quality Management(TQM)to promote the Comprehensive Develo...The aims this study to know the reality of the role for Total Quality Management(TQM)to need of Algerian Higher Education Institutions(AHEI)in apply the Total Quality Management(TQM)to promote the Comprehensive Development(CD),and this approach to enhance their roles in the comprehensive development,the efficiency of the training process,global changes and their needs to adopt a new educational policy in line with the global transformation competition,and the requirements of sustainable development,in this study was used a questionnaire composed of(75)items distributed on(08)areas,This is for confirmation the need to adopt philosophy of Total Quality Management(TQM)as a strategy imposed by the nature and the stage experienced for Algerian Higher Education Institutions(AHEI),And deal with the nature of the changes and challenges imposed by certain factors such as Globalization and the knowledge revolution,through all this inevitably to apply the Total Quality Management(TQM)in our Algerian Higher Education Institutions(AHEI).展开更多
Among the models used to assess water erosion,the RUSLE model is commonly used.Policy makers can act on cover(C-factor)and conservation practice(P-factor)to reduce erosion,with less costly action on soil surface chara...Among the models used to assess water erosion,the RUSLE model is commonly used.Policy makers can act on cover(C-factor)and conservation practice(P-factor)to reduce erosion,with less costly action on soil surface characteristics.However,the widespread use of vegetation indices such as NDVI does not allow for a proper assessment of the C-factor in drylands where stones,crusted surfaces and litter strongly influence soil protection.Two sub-factors of C,canopy cover(CC)and soil cover(SC),can be assessed from phytoecological measurements that include gravel-pebbles cover,physical mulch,annual and perennial vegetation.This paper introduces a method to calculate the C-factor from phytoecological data and,in combination with remote sensing and a geographic information system(GIS),to map it over large areas.A supervised classification,based on field phytoecological data,is applied to radiometric data from Landsat-8/OLI satellite images.Then,a C-factor value,whose SC and CC subfactors are directly derived from the phytoecological measurements,is assigned to each land cover unit.This method and RUSLE are implemented on a pilot region of 3828 km^(2) of the Saharan Atlas,composed of rangelands and steppe formations,and intended to become an observatory.The protective effect against erosion by gravel-pebbles(50%)is more than twice that of vegetation(23%).The C-factor derived from NDVI(0.67)is higher and more evenly distributed than that combining these two contributions(0.37 on average).Finally,priorities are proposed to decision-makers by crossing the synthetic map of erosion sensitivity and a decision matrix of management priorities.展开更多
The phytoplankton group’s composition is an excellent indicator of the state of coastal waters. The aim of this study is to explore spatial variability of phytoplankton in shallow coastal areas from different regions...The phytoplankton group’s composition is an excellent indicator of the state of coastal waters. The aim of this study is to explore spatial variability of phytoplankton in shallow coastal areas from different regions(East, Center and West) of the Algerian coast. The quantitative and qualitative study of the phytoplankton population was conducted on samples taken during the 2012–2013 period by the research vessel GRINE BELKACEM. The qualitative results show a significant diversity of diatoms and dinoflagellates, which rank first and second in the total flora(Fr > 50%). This finding is also confirmed quantitatively by the abundance values in both 2013 and 2012 samples which largely exceeds the average value in most other areas of the western region(56%) and slightly exceeding 52% in all central areas which represent an equi-distribution between diatoms and dinoflagellates. The Dinoflagellates contribute significantly to the quantitative richness in the eastern region(>60%). The minimum value of Dia/Dino index, recorded in the eastern region confirms the dominance of the dinoflagellates especially in Skikda(0.31)(Skikda).However, our results reveal the presence, in smaller proportion, of other groups such as the cocolithophoridae and euglenophyceae.展开更多
This study was designed to evaluate the antibacterial(direct effect and reversal of antibiotics-resistance),neuroprotective(acetylcholinesterase and carboxylesterase inhibition)and cytotoxic(MTT assay on 2 human cance...This study was designed to evaluate the antibacterial(direct effect and reversal of antibiotics-resistance),neuroprotective(acetylcholinesterase and carboxylesterase inhibition)and cytotoxic(MTT assay on 2 human cancer cell lines)properties of three Mentha species[M.pulegium L.(MP),M.rotundifolia(L.)Huds(MR),and M.spicata L.(MS)]harvested in Bejaia(Algeria).The phenolic展开更多
The recent studies unveil more and more therapeutic properties of the essential oil of Bay leaf （Laurus nobilis L.）. The aim of this study is to determine the chromatographic profile of the essential oil of Bay leaf...The recent studies unveil more and more therapeutic properties of the essential oil of Bay leaf （Laurus nobilis L.）. The aim of this study is to determine the chromatographic profile of the essential oil of Bay leaf cultivated under the climatic conditions of the Algerian East and to test its antibiotic activity, against 8 bacterial strains （Escherichia coil, Serratia sp., Proteus sp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus D, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumanii）, by using different concentrations. The GC/MS analysis showed that the essential oil is rich in eucalyptol （35.31%）, [3 linalool （22.52%）, eugenol methyl ether （9.17%）, camphene （7.37%） and 3 carene （5.39%）. The antibiotic activity of the essential oil was determined by the diffusion on agar method. Measuring diameters of inhibition method of Vincent [1] indicated that bacterial strains which are very sensitive to even very diluted essential oil are Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus D, Serratia sp. and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and Acinetobacter baumanii exhibit less sensitivity and Proteus sp. is especially sensitive to the pure oil. Laurus nobilis L. is a Mediterranean endemic that presents an interesting antibacterial activity and its culture should be encouraged and expanded in Algeria.展开更多
文摘Modern Algerian literature, unique among Arab national literary traditions, features a cultural blend of Arabic, Berber and French influences. The literature reflects their love of Algerian culture and thought, and their revolt against French colonialism. The Algerian-born Arab author Muhammad Dib （1920-2003） wrote in French, mainly about the Algerian struggle for independence. Expelled in 1959 for supporting the Algerian revolution, he settled in Paris. Considered a pioneer of Algerian literature, he was the first Arab Algerian to write Western-style novels. His Algerian trilogy, La Grande Maison, L ＇lncendie, and Le Mktier ~ tisser, was published between 1952 and 1957. Though autobiographical, the books trace both rural and urban life in pre-revolutionary times. Dib＇s 1959 thematically driven novel Un Otd Africaine （An African Summer）, analyzed here, rather than depicting the Algerian revolution itself, describes its effect on the characters and their lives. Nevertheless, the novel, framed around a cross-section of Algerian society, reflects colonial government abuses and the common people＇s sacrifices for their dream of independence. Dib also depicts France＇s colonialist attitudes as a betrayal of the ideals of the French Revolution and claims to humanitarian values.
基金Supported by the National Committee of Research Program and Assessment(Cnepru-code I02020130110)
文摘Objective: To compare oral hygiene practices, education and social background, food intake and oral malodor of Algerian adults suffering from dental caries with normal controls, and to determine and compare the bacterial composition of the supragingival plaques from the above-mentioned groups.Methods: Participants completed a questionnaire and were clinically examined for dental caries using decayed, missing and filled teeth index according to the criteria laid down by the World Health Organization. Supragingival plaque samples were collected from 50 caries-free adults(CF) and 50 caries-active adults(CA). Standard procedures of culture and identification of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were used. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test.Results: A total of 117 bacterial strains were isolated from supragingival plaques in CF group subjects, 76(64.96%) of them belonged to 9 aerobic genera, and 41(35.04%) to 9anaerobic genera(P < 0.05). While in the second group, 199 strains were isolated, 119(59.80%) of the strains belonged to 10 aerobic genera and 80(40.20%) to 10 anaerobic bacteria(P < 0.05). Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecium, Aerococcus viridans,Actinomyces meyeri, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Eubacterium limosum showed a significantly higher prevalence in the CA group(P < 0.05). The findings revealed that CA group had a high sugar intake(80%). A significantly higher frequency of tooth brushing(P < 0.000) and a significantly less self-reported oral malodor(P < 0.000) and tooth pain(P < 0.000) were found in CF group, while there was no association of socioeconomic levels and intake of meal snacks with dental caries.Conclusions: This study confirms the association of some aciduric bacteria with caries formation, and a direct association of sugar intake and cultural level with dental caries.Furthermore, oral hygiene practices minimize the prevalence of tooth decay.
基金financially supported by Research Agency in Health Sciences ATRSS(N.59/DFPR/ATRSS)
文摘Objective: To evaluate the in vitro and in vivo effect of the Algerian propolis ethanolic extract(EEP) against Echinococcus granulosus(E. granulosus) infection. Methods: In vitro scolicidal activity of EEP was investigated on the protoscolices of hydatid cyst. This in vitro study was conducted by using an in vivo assay. BALB/c mice were inoculated with E. granulosus and treated with propolis for three months. Hydatid cysts development was assessed. Nitric oxide(NO), tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α) production and inducible NO synthase, NF-κB, and TNF-α spleen expression were estimated by Griess method and immunofluorescence respectively.Results: Our study revealed that EEP has a high scolicidal activity against E. granulosus. Oral administration of EEP decreased TNF-α, NF-κB and inducible NO synthase expression in the spleen tissues in the CE+EEP group, in comparison with the CE group. Concomitantly, EEP treatment caused an important systemic decrease in NO and TNF-α levels. These findings are associated with the reduction of CE development. Conclusions: This is the first report demonstrating with interest the antihydatic and immunomodulatory effects of the Algerian EEP, suggesting its therapeutic potential for the hydatid disease treatment.
文摘Elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared （FTIR）, 1H-NMR, fluorescence spectroscopy, and surface tension methods have been used to characterize the molecular structure and the aggregation behaviors of two asphaltenic fractions derived, respectively, from an Alge- rian petroleum well and a corresponding storage tank deposit. Elemental analysis, FTIR, ~H-NMR, and fluores- cence spectroscopy were used to investigate the chemical composition and structural parameters of asphaltenes, while the surface tension method was used to measure the critical micelle concentration （CMC） in organic solvents with different solubility parameters and polarities in order to characterize the asphaltenes＇ aggregation behaviors. Results show that the unstable asphaltenes fraction extracted from the storage tank deposit possesses a higher polarity （higher heteroatoms content） and a lower aro- maticity than stable asphaltenes from the petroleum well. The CMC results indicate that asphaltenes with high polarity and low aromaticity have a high solubility in polar solvents such as nitrobenzene, whereas asphaltenes with low polarity and high aromaticity are more soluble in solvents with weak polarity, like toluene. It is concludedthat the difference of structure of asphaltene samples and polarity of solvents can lead to difference of aggregation behaviors.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant activities and to identify the volatile bioactive compounds present in different crude extracts of the seaweed Caulerpa racemosa var.cylindracea.Methods:Caulerpa racemosa harvested from the intertidal zone of Mostaganem coast(N 35?54’37.94",E 0?3’17.37")was subjected to Soxhlet extraction using methanol,chloroform,and hexane solvents.Antioxidant properties were assessed by using 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH),2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)(ABTS)andβ-carotene bleaching assays.The antibacterial activity was evaluated on six standard bacterial strains using the agar disc diffusion method.The GC-MS analysis was performed using non-polar and polar capillary columns.Results:The chloroform extract of Caulerpa racemosa exhibited higher contents of polyphenols[(123.91±1.46)mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry extract]and tannins[(59.28±5.43)mg catechin equivalent/g dry extract](P<0.001)and was the most effective in scavenging DPPH[(1.98±0.08)mg/m L]and ABTS[(1.66±0.05)mg/m L]radicals.The hexane extract displayed the best antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus,Bacillus cereus,and Pseudomonas aeruginosa,producing inhibition zones of(11.16±0.76),(9.00±0.00)and(9.33±1.15)mm,respectively.The l-(+)-ascorbic acid 2,6-dihexadecanoate and 4-hydroxy-2 methylproline were among the most abundant volatile compounds.Besides conventional fatty acids,cis-10-heptadecenoic acid,nonahexacontanoic acid,and dodecanoic acid,3-hydroxy-were identified.Two phytosterols were identified:stigmast-5-en-3-ol-(12.9%)and stigmast-5-en-3.beta.-ol,(24 S)-(4.57%).Conclusions:The preliminary identification of the volatile compounds reveals the presence of some new bioactive components not reported previously in Caulerpa racemosa from other geographical areas.Some of these compounds possess an interesting potential for pharmaceutical/nutraceutical applications.
文摘To analyze the type of Algerian’s gallstones and put forward relative measures of prevention and treatment, The NICOLET 170SX FT-IR spectrometer was used to measure the infra-red spectrum and analyze the feature of spectrum of Algerian’s gallstones. The results shown that Algerian have cholesterol gallstones. Reasons to form Algerian’s multiple cholesterol gallstones were investigated. We have put forward five suggestions to prevent and treat cholelithiasis.
文摘Liver, muscle and blubber tissues of seven Common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) stranded along the Algerian west coast have been analysed for six traces elements Cu, Fe, Cd, Pb, Zn and Ni. This work confirms more accurately the relations shown previously between age, sex and trace element concentrations in this species. Liver was shown to be the most important accumulating organ for Cu, Fe and Zn, and the results also indicated the importance of toxic metal transfer from mother to offspring. Significant differences between the liver, muscle and blubber were detected;except for the Ni concentrations were similar in these tissues.
文摘The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of companies’size on e-commerce transaction requirements,by examining both companies’components and companies’partners and their relation with company’s size.The paper is based on the analysis of 70 Algerian import companies through survey methodology.The findings indicate that large-sized companies respond strongly to all e-commerce transaction requirements,especially in the three companies’components;medium-and small-sized companies response to these requirements is less than large-sized companies.As a conclusion,companies’size often reacts to the e-commerce transaction requirements.
文摘The Cultural approach is at the core of the modern theory of translation.The latter includes travel narratives,migrant writing,identity issues as well as cultural performances and representations.Henceforth,the beginning of the 21st century has been characterized by the emergence of a wave of research in the area of translation and migration which has matured into a more developed and autonomous field of study whose heroes are migrants who have been portrayed by Salman Rushdie(1983)as“translated being”.The present research traces back the Algerian Black decade,which profoundly weighted on Algeria.What is highlighted is far from what is jointly heard during civil wars and conflict periods associated to scenes of terrorism,massacres and persecution;light is rather shed on some achievements that resulted from the different aspects of movement.The main question of our research turns around the way mobility of the Algerian elite during the Black Decade contributed in one way or another to enhance translation and literature and then to promote identity and local cultures.Drawing heavily on the modern Algerian history located undoubtedly in crucial moments,the study aims at investigating how movement during the tragic events of the Black Decade refreshed translation and migrant writing.The research provides a comprehensive picture of historical trends by available existing data,making it a descriptive research since this latter tries to answer questions about the complex nature of transnational features of translation with the purpose of understanding the phenomenon under scrutiny from precise angles.The study,which scrutinized Assia Djebar’s novel Far from Medina(1991)revealed the significant contribution of elite migrants’mobility during the Algerian Black in enhancing translation and literature within and across national boundaries.
文摘In the present paper, a study of the productivity of oocytes in 402 female individuals of the horse mackerel, Trachurus trachurus for an interval of fork length （LF） between 14 cm and 20 cm, in stage IV （pre-spawning） and V （spawning） was performed to estimate the fecundity rate in Oran Bay （Algerian western coast） since October 2008 to April 2009. Total fecundity （absolute and relative） were calculated using fish length, weight and eviscerated weight of gonads. Absolute fecundity by size class oscillates from 33,375 to 56,391 eggs with an average of 48,686 ±11,470. The relative fecundity ranges from 34,802 to 139,636 eggs per 100 g body weight with an average of 96,955 ± 33,814 and it is varying between 15,544 and 46,561 per gram of gonad with an average of 28,595 ±20,251. The distribution of oocytes shows that stages I and II are presented throughout the spawning season and they constitute a stockpile for subsequent clutches.
文摘The linguistic influence of the Korean Wave （Hallyu, which refers to the Korean pop and drama） on the language of International fans is that of a salient but not linguistically examined phenomenon. This study investigates the major aspects of this influence and the linguistic reasons behind its global prevalence. The practical part of this study is conducted on Algerian Hallyu fans from which a sample of 139 participants responded to the questionnaire used as a research instrument for achieving the goal of this study. Findings reveal that Hallyu influence is widely spread in Algeria, where by 98.5% of the participants declared the existence of this influence. This impact on participants＇ language starts from using Korean words in their daily discourse to using English words with an adapted Hallyu meaning and to naming phone contacts with the accurate Korean terms of kinship and endearment. Then, they start using linguistically odd inside jokes taken from Korean idols＇ and K-dramas＇ speech, employing Korean proverbs in their conversations, and gradually adopting a different pronunciation of some English sounds. Moreover, their language stands as a sample of Corpus Planning with two types： Modernization and Graphization. Some words are modernized in order to bridge the gap through Hallyu pals＇ communication with more precise words, while other words are graphitized for the sake of developing new terms or new meanings or to shorten long ones. This thesis contributes to the study of random language, generally, and to Hallyu language, specifically, as an aspect of Conversation Analysis （CA）.
文摘The aims this study to know the reality of the role for Total Quality Management(TQM)to need of Algerian Higher Education Institutions(AHEI)in apply the Total Quality Management(TQM)to promote the Comprehensive Development(CD),and this approach to enhance their roles in the comprehensive development,the efficiency of the training process,global changes and their needs to adopt a new educational policy in line with the global transformation competition,and the requirements of sustainable development,in this study was used a questionnaire composed of(75)items distributed on(08)areas,This is for confirmation the need to adopt philosophy of Total Quality Management(TQM)as a strategy imposed by the nature and the stage experienced for Algerian Higher Education Institutions(AHEI),And deal with the nature of the changes and challenges imposed by certain factors such as Globalization and the knowledge revolution,through all this inevitably to apply the Total Quality Management(TQM)in our Algerian Higher Education Institutions(AHEI).
文摘Among the models used to assess water erosion,the RUSLE model is commonly used.Policy makers can act on cover(C-factor)and conservation practice(P-factor)to reduce erosion,with less costly action on soil surface characteristics.However,the widespread use of vegetation indices such as NDVI does not allow for a proper assessment of the C-factor in drylands where stones,crusted surfaces and litter strongly influence soil protection.Two sub-factors of C,canopy cover(CC)and soil cover(SC),can be assessed from phytoecological measurements that include gravel-pebbles cover,physical mulch,annual and perennial vegetation.This paper introduces a method to calculate the C-factor from phytoecological data and,in combination with remote sensing and a geographic information system(GIS),to map it over large areas.A supervised classification,based on field phytoecological data,is applied to radiometric data from Landsat-8/OLI satellite images.Then,a C-factor value,whose SC and CC subfactors are directly derived from the phytoecological measurements,is assigned to each land cover unit.This method and RUSLE are implemented on a pilot region of 3828 km^(2) of the Saharan Atlas,composed of rangelands and steppe formations,and intended to become an observatory.The protective effect against erosion by gravel-pebbles(50%)is more than twice that of vegetation(23%).The C-factor derived from NDVI(0.67)is higher and more evenly distributed than that combining these two contributions(0.37 on average).Finally,priorities are proposed to decision-makers by crossing the synthetic map of erosion sensitivity and a decision matrix of management priorities.
基金Aquatic Environment Monitoring and Quality Research Program Funded by the National Center for Research and Development of Fisheries and Aquaculture(AIEA-RAF 7012 Project)
文摘The phytoplankton group’s composition is an excellent indicator of the state of coastal waters. The aim of this study is to explore spatial variability of phytoplankton in shallow coastal areas from different regions(East, Center and West) of the Algerian coast. The quantitative and qualitative study of the phytoplankton population was conducted on samples taken during the 2012–2013 period by the research vessel GRINE BELKACEM. The qualitative results show a significant diversity of diatoms and dinoflagellates, which rank first and second in the total flora(Fr > 50%). This finding is also confirmed quantitatively by the abundance values in both 2013 and 2012 samples which largely exceeds the average value in most other areas of the western region(56%) and slightly exceeding 52% in all central areas which represent an equi-distribution between diatoms and dinoflagellates. The Dinoflagellates contribute significantly to the quantitative richness in the eastern region(>60%). The minimum value of Dia/Dino index, recorded in the eastern region confirms the dominance of the dinoflagellates especially in Skikda(0.31)(Skikda).However, our results reveal the presence, in smaller proportion, of other groups such as the cocolithophoridae and euglenophyceae.
文摘This study was designed to evaluate the antibacterial(direct effect and reversal of antibiotics-resistance),neuroprotective(acetylcholinesterase and carboxylesterase inhibition)and cytotoxic(MTT assay on 2 human cancer cell lines)properties of three Mentha species[M.pulegium L.(MP),M.rotundifolia(L.)Huds(MR),and M.spicata L.(MS)]harvested in Bejaia(Algeria).The phenolic
文摘The recent studies unveil more and more therapeutic properties of the essential oil of Bay leaf （Laurus nobilis L.）. The aim of this study is to determine the chromatographic profile of the essential oil of Bay leaf cultivated under the climatic conditions of the Algerian East and to test its antibiotic activity, against 8 bacterial strains （Escherichia coil, Serratia sp., Proteus sp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus D, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumanii）, by using different concentrations. The GC/MS analysis showed that the essential oil is rich in eucalyptol （35.31%）, [3 linalool （22.52%）, eugenol methyl ether （9.17%）, camphene （7.37%） and 3 carene （5.39%）. The antibiotic activity of the essential oil was determined by the diffusion on agar method. Measuring diameters of inhibition method of Vincent [1] indicated that bacterial strains which are very sensitive to even very diluted essential oil are Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus D, Serratia sp. and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and Acinetobacter baumanii exhibit less sensitivity and Proteus sp. is especially sensitive to the pure oil. Laurus nobilis L. is a Mediterranean endemic that presents an interesting antibacterial activity and its culture should be encouraged and expanded in Algeria.
