This study compared three surgical techniques to implant acoustic transmitters in rainbow trout (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Oncorhynchus mykiss</span></i><s...This study compared three surgical techniques to implant acoustic transmitters in rainbow trout (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Oncorhynchus mykiss</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">): 1</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">)</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> acoustic transmitter insertion via a ventral incision closed with two sutures, 2</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">)</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> insertion via a ventral incision with no sutures, 3</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">)</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> insertion via a lateral incision with no sutures. A control group consisting of fish that were only anesthetized and handled was also included. Tag retention, wound healing, inflammation, growth, and survival were recorded over a 12</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">week period. Tag retention was significantly different among the treatments, at 100% in the unsutured ventral incision group, 89% in the lateral incision group, and 63% in the sutured ventral incision group. Surgical wounds in the unsutured treatment groups showed significantly less inflammation than the sutured treatment. Wound closure occurred significantly faster in the ventral incision groups compared to the lateral incision group. The results of this study show the utility of using unsutured surgical methods for implanting acoustic transmitters in rainbow trout.展开更多
The implantation of acoustic transmitters into the peritoneal cavity of fish is typically performed by experienced surgeons. This study compared the effectiveness of an experienced and inexperienced surgeon performing...The implantation of acoustic transmitters into the peritoneal cavity of fish is typically performed by experienced surgeons. This study compared the effectiveness of an experienced and inexperienced surgeon performing two different types of transmitter insertion techniques on rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus</i> <i>mykiss</i>). The methods used were either a traditional sutured ventral incision or a novel unsutured lateral incision. There was no significant difference in surgical duration, tag retention, or fish survival between the experienced and na<span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">ï</span>ve surgeon. The time to complete surgical wound closure was not significantly different between the fish operated on by an experienced or na<span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">ï</span>ve surgeon, and surgeon experience had no significant effect on the duration of inflammation. However, there were significant differences between the two surgical techniques, regardless of surgeon experience. The ventral incision with sutures method took approximately three times longer to complete than the lateral incision-only method. However, complete wound closure was significantly faster in the sutured ventral incision treatment compared to the unsutured lateral treatment. Post-surgery inflammation was over seven times longer in the fish with sutures compared to those only receiving a lateral incision. Tag retention was not significantly different between the two surgical methods. The results of this study indicate that the unsutured lateral surgical technique used in this experiment can be completed with minimal training and surgical experience in contrast to the standard technique requiring su<span>tures. These results also provide additional support to the use of sutureless</span> surgical techniques for acoustic transmitter implantation.展开更多
A novel sutureless surgical technique has been successfully used to implant acoustic transmitters in relatively large rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss with a tag-to-body-ratio of 0.88%. This study examined the same t...A novel sutureless surgical technique has been successfully used to implant acoustic transmitters in relatively large rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss with a tag-to-body-ratio of 0.88%. This study examined the same technique in smaller rainbow trout in two, 12-week trials comparing both sutured and sutureless surgical techniques. In the first trial using a tag-to-body-ratio of 1.9% ± 0.04%, tag retention was only 16.6% in fish without sutures, which was significantly lower than the 83.3% retention with sutured incisions. Similarly, in the second trial with a tag-to-body-ratio of 3.2% ± 0.03%, tag retention was 55.5% without sutures, which was significantly lower than the 90.0% retention using sutures. Mortality was not significantly different between treatments in either trial. The results of this study indicate that sutures must be used during surgeries to implant acoustic transmitters in relatively smaller fish with tag-to-body-ratios at or above 1.9%.展开更多
With the progress of power transmission technology, it is necessary for researchers to conduct related research on impedance matching. In this paper, we conduct research on the mechanism of impedance matching for unde...With the progress of power transmission technology, it is necessary for researchers to conduct related research on impedance matching. In this paper, we conduct research on the mechanism of impedance matching for underwater acoustic transmitter based on mathematical modelling and corresponding balance transformer. To realize underwater acoustic signal of wide band and high power emission, in addition to need the bandwidth performance good transducer array yuan, to a large extent also depends on a good matching between the transducer and amplifier. The result shows the feasibility and robustness of our designed system.展开更多
Tag retention,wound healing,wound closure,and tagged fish survival are critically important after surgical implantation of acoustic transmitters in fish.This study compared the use of sutures to cyanoacrylate adhesive...Tag retention,wound healing,wound closure,and tagged fish survival are critically important after surgical implantation of acoustic transmitters in fish.This study compared the use of sutures to cyanoacrylate adhesives and bandages for post-surgery wound closure.Adult rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were assigned to one of seven treatments:a control group where fish were only handled,two suture groups(tagged with dummy acoustic transmitters or non-tagged),and four cyanoacrylate adhesive groups(non-tagged,tagged with adipose fin applied as a biological bandage,tagged with anal fin applied,and non-tagged with water-proof bandage).Tag retention was significantly improved in adhesive with anal fin(89%)and tagged suture(78%)treatments when compared to only 11%tag retention in the adhesive with adipose fin treatment.Wound redness severity increased over the 14 weeks of the study in the tagged and sutured fish,and in those receiving the waterproof bandage.Wound redness severity was also significantly higher in the waterproof bandage and tagged and sutured treatments than both tagged adhesive treatments at the end of the study.Wound gape was significantly more severe in the adhesive with adipose treatment than in the control,suture,tagged suture,and adhesive treatments,but no significant differences were observed between the adhesive with adipose treatment and the adhesive with anal fin or bandage treatments.Wound gape never completely closed in the adhesive with adipose group,while both the tagged suture treatment and tagged adhesive with anal treatment wounds completely closed between four-and six-weeks post-surgery.The results of this study indicate that cyanoacrylate adhesive used in conjunction with anal fin tissue is a suitable post-surgical treatment.展开更多
An optimized transducer prototype with a sandwich structure vibrated longitudinally is proposed for a transmitter in acoustic logging, especially in acoustic logging while drilling, 5y taking account of drilling envir...An optimized transducer prototype with a sandwich structure vibrated longitudinally is proposed for a transmitter in acoustic logging, especially in acoustic logging while drilling, 5y taking account of drilling environments with high temperature and pressure, as well as strong collar drilling vibration during the drilling process. Aimed to improve the transmitting performance, numerical and experimental studies for the transducer optimization are conducted. The impact of location and length of the piezoelectric stack on resonance characteristics arid effective electromeehanical coupling coefficient is calculated and analyzed. Admittance and transmitting performance of the proposed transducer are measured in laboratory experiments, and the results are compared with simulated ones. It is shown that the newly proposed transducer has higher transmitting performance with lower resonance frequencies. This work provides theoretical and experimental bases for transducer designing and acoustic wave measurements in acoustic logging, especially in acoustic logging while drilling.展开更多
Two small scale acoustic phased arrays with 4 elements have been designed and assembled in the laboratory. Experiments have been carried out with them. It is found that both directivity and radiation lobe width of the...Two small scale acoustic phased arrays with 4 elements have been designed and assembled in the laboratory. Experiments have been carried out with them. It is found that both directivity and radiation lobe width of the phased array can be regulated by changing the time delay between the input signals on neighboring elements. Results measured are in good agreement with those calculated. By using the phased array as an acoustic transmitter and hydrophone as a receiver, small scale acoustic well-logging simulations have been carried out both on an aluminum modei well and on a concrete one. Experimental results show that, by increasing the time delay of the input signals on neighboring elements, the steered radiation angle of the phased array becomes larger and larger, and generation conditions of the refracted compressional wave and the refracted shear wave are reached successively, and the refracted compressional wave, the refracted shear wave and the Stoneley wave are strengthened, respec-tively. Therefore, by choosing element spacing of a phased array and acoustic wave frequency appropriately, the main radiation lobe of the phased array can be widened to cover the first critical angle of all kinds of formations, which makes it possible to apply phased array acoustic well-logging in any formation continuously without regulating directivity of the phased array.展开更多
Laboratory cased-hole acoustic logging simulations are developed with the linear phased-array transmitter in scaled cased well models for evaluating the feasibility of extracting formation acoustic parameters through ...Laboratory cased-hole acoustic logging simulations are developed with the linear phased-array transmitter in scaled cased well models for evaluating the feasibility of extracting formation acoustic parameters through casing.The full waveforms are measured with different cement bonding models.By analyzing the measured wavetrains and the time-slowness correlation graphs,it is showed that when the generation conditions of the refracted compressional wave and the refracted shear wave are reached successively by regulating the direction of acoustic beam radiated from the linear phased-array transmitter,steered angle of the main radiation lobe with both good bonding interfaces.The refracted compressional wave and the refracted shear wave can be stimulated obviously and the casing wave can be suppressed effectively,even when the casing and cement（or the cement and formation） is not bonded.Based on these observations, it is worthwhile to apply the linear phased-array transmitter to determine formation velocities,particularly in poorly bonded cased well.The works establish the experimental and theoretical foundation for new generation cased-hole acoustic logging tool development.展开更多
文摘This study compared three surgical techniques to implant acoustic transmitters in rainbow trout (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Oncorhynchus mykiss</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">): 1</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">)</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> acoustic transmitter insertion via a ventral incision closed with two sutures, 2</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">)</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> insertion via a ventral incision with no sutures, 3</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">)</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> insertion via a lateral incision with no sutures. A control group consisting of fish that were only anesthetized and handled was also included. Tag retention, wound healing, inflammation, growth, and survival were recorded over a 12</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">week period. Tag retention was significantly different among the treatments, at 100% in the unsutured ventral incision group, 89% in the lateral incision group, and 63% in the sutured ventral incision group. Surgical wounds in the unsutured treatment groups showed significantly less inflammation than the sutured treatment. Wound closure occurred significantly faster in the ventral incision groups compared to the lateral incision group. The results of this study show the utility of using unsutured surgical methods for implanting acoustic transmitters in rainbow trout.
文摘The implantation of acoustic transmitters into the peritoneal cavity of fish is typically performed by experienced surgeons. This study compared the effectiveness of an experienced and inexperienced surgeon performing two different types of transmitter insertion techniques on rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus</i> <i>mykiss</i>). The methods used were either a traditional sutured ventral incision or a novel unsutured lateral incision. There was no significant difference in surgical duration, tag retention, or fish survival between the experienced and na<span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">ï</span>ve surgeon. The time to complete surgical wound closure was not significantly different between the fish operated on by an experienced or na<span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">ï</span>ve surgeon, and surgeon experience had no significant effect on the duration of inflammation. However, there were significant differences between the two surgical techniques, regardless of surgeon experience. The ventral incision with sutures method took approximately three times longer to complete than the lateral incision-only method. However, complete wound closure was significantly faster in the sutured ventral incision treatment compared to the unsutured lateral treatment. Post-surgery inflammation was over seven times longer in the fish with sutures compared to those only receiving a lateral incision. Tag retention was not significantly different between the two surgical methods. The results of this study indicate that the unsutured lateral surgical technique used in this experiment can be completed with minimal training and surgical experience in contrast to the standard technique requiring su<span>tures. These results also provide additional support to the use of sutureless</span> surgical techniques for acoustic transmitter implantation.
文摘A novel sutureless surgical technique has been successfully used to implant acoustic transmitters in relatively large rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss with a tag-to-body-ratio of 0.88%. This study examined the same technique in smaller rainbow trout in two, 12-week trials comparing both sutured and sutureless surgical techniques. In the first trial using a tag-to-body-ratio of 1.9% ± 0.04%, tag retention was only 16.6% in fish without sutures, which was significantly lower than the 83.3% retention with sutured incisions. Similarly, in the second trial with a tag-to-body-ratio of 3.2% ± 0.03%, tag retention was 55.5% without sutures, which was significantly lower than the 90.0% retention using sutures. Mortality was not significantly different between treatments in either trial. The results of this study indicate that sutures must be used during surgeries to implant acoustic transmitters in relatively smaller fish with tag-to-body-ratios at or above 1.9%.
文摘With the progress of power transmission technology, it is necessary for researchers to conduct related research on impedance matching. In this paper, we conduct research on the mechanism of impedance matching for underwater acoustic transmitter based on mathematical modelling and corresponding balance transformer. To realize underwater acoustic signal of wide band and high power emission, in addition to need the bandwidth performance good transducer array yuan, to a large extent also depends on a good matching between the transducer and amplifier. The result shows the feasibility and robustness of our designed system.
文摘Tag retention,wound healing,wound closure,and tagged fish survival are critically important after surgical implantation of acoustic transmitters in fish.This study compared the use of sutures to cyanoacrylate adhesives and bandages for post-surgery wound closure.Adult rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were assigned to one of seven treatments:a control group where fish were only handled,two suture groups(tagged with dummy acoustic transmitters or non-tagged),and four cyanoacrylate adhesive groups(non-tagged,tagged with adipose fin applied as a biological bandage,tagged with anal fin applied,and non-tagged with water-proof bandage).Tag retention was significantly improved in adhesive with anal fin(89%)and tagged suture(78%)treatments when compared to only 11%tag retention in the adhesive with adipose fin treatment.Wound redness severity increased over the 14 weeks of the study in the tagged and sutured fish,and in those receiving the waterproof bandage.Wound redness severity was also significantly higher in the waterproof bandage and tagged and sutured treatments than both tagged adhesive treatments at the end of the study.Wound gape was significantly more severe in the adhesive with adipose treatment than in the control,suture,tagged suture,and adhesive treatments,but no significant differences were observed between the adhesive with adipose treatment and the adhesive with anal fin or bandage treatments.Wound gape never completely closed in the adhesive with adipose group,while both the tagged suture treatment and tagged adhesive with anal treatment wounds completely closed between four-and six-weeks post-surgery.The results of this study indicate that cyanoacrylate adhesive used in conjunction with anal fin tissue is a suitable post-surgical treatment.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 41474160 and 11304347
文摘An optimized transducer prototype with a sandwich structure vibrated longitudinally is proposed for a transmitter in acoustic logging, especially in acoustic logging while drilling, 5y taking account of drilling environments with high temperature and pressure, as well as strong collar drilling vibration during the drilling process. Aimed to improve the transmitting performance, numerical and experimental studies for the transducer optimization are conducted. The impact of location and length of the piezoelectric stack on resonance characteristics arid effective electromeehanical coupling coefficient is calculated and analyzed. Admittance and transmitting performance of the proposed transducer are measured in laboratory experiments, and the results are compared with simulated ones. It is shown that the newly proposed transducer has higher transmitting performance with lower resonance frequencies. This work provides theoretical and experimental bases for transducer designing and acoustic wave measurements in acoustic logging, especially in acoustic logging while drilling.
文摘Two small scale acoustic phased arrays with 4 elements have been designed and assembled in the laboratory. Experiments have been carried out with them. It is found that both directivity and radiation lobe width of the phased array can be regulated by changing the time delay between the input signals on neighboring elements. Results measured are in good agreement with those calculated. By using the phased array as an acoustic transmitter and hydrophone as a receiver, small scale acoustic well-logging simulations have been carried out both on an aluminum modei well and on a concrete one. Experimental results show that, by increasing the time delay of the input signals on neighboring elements, the steered radiation angle of the phased array becomes larger and larger, and generation conditions of the refracted compressional wave and the refracted shear wave are reached successively, and the refracted compressional wave, the refracted shear wave and the Stoneley wave are strengthened, respec-tively. Therefore, by choosing element spacing of a phased array and acoustic wave frequency appropriately, the main radiation lobe of the phased array can be widened to cover the first critical angle of all kinds of formations, which makes it possible to apply phased array acoustic well-logging in any formation continuously without regulating directivity of the phased array.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(40804020)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong(ZR2011DQ020)
文摘Laboratory cased-hole acoustic logging simulations are developed with the linear phased-array transmitter in scaled cased well models for evaluating the feasibility of extracting formation acoustic parameters through casing.The full waveforms are measured with different cement bonding models.By analyzing the measured wavetrains and the time-slowness correlation graphs,it is showed that when the generation conditions of the refracted compressional wave and the refracted shear wave are reached successively by regulating the direction of acoustic beam radiated from the linear phased-array transmitter,steered angle of the main radiation lobe with both good bonding interfaces.The refracted compressional wave and the refracted shear wave can be stimulated obviously and the casing wave can be suppressed effectively,even when the casing and cement（or the cement and formation） is not bonded.Based on these observations, it is worthwhile to apply the linear phased-array transmitter to determine formation velocities,particularly in poorly bonded cased well.The works establish the experimental and theoretical foundation for new generation cased-hole acoustic logging tool development.
