This study aimed to examine the effect of different disinfection methods on the callus of Amorphophallus albus in the tissue culture and rapid propagation system.The calluses induced from buds of A.albus were disinfec...This study aimed to examine the effect of different disinfection methods on the callus of Amorphophallus albus in the tissue culture and rapid propagation system.The calluses induced from buds of A.albus were disinfected with benzalkonium bromide,mercury bichloride,sodium hypochlorite,and ethanol,respectively,for different time periods.The growth of calluses was compared between different treatments and observed in detail by dissection.The results showed that the disinfection with 0.1% mercury bichloride for 5 min and 75% ethanol for 5 s had mild effect on the callus,with the lowest browning rates of 16.32% and 15.46% and the lowest vitrification rates of 3.24% and 9.72%,respectively,after 20 d.The disinfection with benzalkonium bromide and sodium hypochlorite had strong effect on the callus cells,with the lowest browning rate of 50.69% and 25.12% and the lowest vitrification rates of 28.47% and 28.43%,respectively.The cytological observation result showed that the calluses disinfected with ethanol and mercury bichloride showcased compact structures,while those disinfected with sodium hypochlorite and benzalkonium bromide exhibited loose structures.To sum up,it is recommended that 75% ethanol or 0.1% mercury bichloride can be used for disinfection in the tissue culture and rapid propagation of A.albus,while the use of benzalkonium bromide and sodium hypochlorite should be avoided as much as possible.展开更多
The Asian swamp eel （Monopterus albus） is one of the most economically important freshwater fish in East Asia, but data on the immune genes of M. albus are scarce compared to other commercially important fish. A bet...The Asian swamp eel （Monopterus albus） is one of the most economically important freshwater fish in East Asia, but data on the immune genes of M. albus are scarce compared to other commercially important fish. A better understanding of the eel＇s immune responses may help in developing strategies for disease management, potentially improving yields and mitigating losses. In mammals, interferon regulatory factors （IRFs） play a vital role in both the innate and adaptive immune system; though among teleosts IRF4 and IRFIO have seldom been studied. In this study, we characterized IRF4 and IRFIO from M. albus （malRF4 and malRFlO） and found that malRF4 cDNA consists of 1 716 nucleotides encoding a 451 amino acid （aa） protein, while malRFlO consists of 1 744 nucleotides including an open reading frame （ORF） of 1 236 nt encoding 411 aa. The malRFlO gene was constitutively expressed at high levels in a variety of tissues, while malRF4 showed a very limited expression pattern. Expression of malRF4 and malRFlO in head kidney, and spleen tissues was significantly up-regulated from 12 h to 48 h post-stimulation with polyinosinic： polycytidylic acid （poly I：C）, lipopolysaccharide （LPS） and a common pathogenic bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila. These results suggest that IRF4 and IRF10 play roles in immune responses to both viral and bacterial infections in M. albus.展开更多
L. albus is an annual grain-legume crop mainly grown for high-protein fodder worldwide but also to produce large seeds for human consumption as a snack-food. In order to make genetic gains in grain yield, assessment o...L. albus is an annual grain-legume crop mainly grown for high-protein fodder worldwide but also to produce large seeds for human consumption as a snack-food. In order to make genetic gains in grain yield, assessment of the genetic variation in the germplasm and identification of loci associated with agronomic traits are essential. Phomopsis blight (PB) and Pleiochaeta root rot (PRR), caused by the fungal pathogens Diaporthe toxica and, Pleiochaeta setosa respectively, are two major yield-limiting diseases of the L. albus crop. The extent of genetic diversity in 94 accessions of L. albus comprising: Australian and exotic cultivars, advanced breeding lines, and landraces originating from 26 different countries was determined utilizing PCR-based genic, and microarray-based Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT™), markers. All accessions were evaluated for resistance to PB in two plant tissues (leaves and stems) using either sprayed or injected spore inoculum. A subset of 58 accessions was further evaluated for resistance to PRR by growing seedlings in spore-infested potting mix. The combined data of 724 (50 genic- and 674 DArT) markers were used for cluster analysis. A subset of 324 markers with call rate ≥95% and predicted disease scores of different genotypes were used to identify marker loci accounting for phenotypic variation in PB and PRR resistance using linear regression analysis. Several markers showed significant association with PB or PRR resistance at P < 0.05. Our results showed that favourable alleles for PB and PRR resistance are present in the diverse accessions investigated and they will provide valuable materials for lupin breeding.展开更多
The current study has been undertaken to examine the beneficial effect in the power output of a microbial fuel cell (MFC) by adding cellulolytic bacteria Ruminococcus albus (R. albus) into the anodic chamber. Mediator...The current study has been undertaken to examine the beneficial effect in the power output of a microbial fuel cell (MFC) by adding cellulolytic bacteria Ruminococcus albus (R. albus) into the anodic chamber. Mediator-less H-type MFCs were set up where the anode chamber contained anaerobic digester microorganisms as inocula on finely ground pine tree (Avicel) at 2% (w/v) and the cathode chamber of 10mM phosphate buffered saline conductive solution, both separated by a cation exchange membrane. The functioning of the MFCs for generation of electrical power and the amounts of gaseous byproducts was monitored over a 9-day period. The addition of cellulolytic bacteria caused an increase of average power density from 7.9 m W/m2 to19.5 m W/m2, about 245% increase over a 9-day period. For both groups of MFCs;with R. albus and the control, the head space gases collected were methane and CO2. While the methane: CO2 ratios were found unchanged at 1.7:1 throughout the 9 days of operation, the total gas production increased from 248 mL to 319 mL due to the presence of R. albus addition. This study confirms that whereas the biocatalytic activity of anode microbial population determines the energy production, the addition of external cellulolytic bacteria into anode microbial population can improve and extend the biomass utilization.展开更多
[Objectives]The effect and mechanism of grape seed and sweet wormwood extract on growth of Monopterus albus were studied.[Methods]1 500 healthy M.albus with average mass of 23.8 g/tail were randomly divided into 5 gro...[Objectives]The effect and mechanism of grape seed and sweet wormwood extract on growth of Monopterus albus were studied.[Methods]1 500 healthy M.albus with average mass of 23.8 g/tail were randomly divided into 5 groups.The control group was fed with basal diet and the experimental groups were fed with 10,20,30 and 40 g/kg of grape seed and sweet wormwood extract,respectively.The growth performance of the fish was measured after 60 d of feeding at 23-28℃.[Results]The addition of grape seed and sweet wormwood extract in basal diet could increase the body weight gain rate,specific growth rate and protein efficiency,and decrease the feed coefficient.The activity of digestive enzymes,glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase,glutamic-pyruvic transaminase,blood alkaline phosphatase and serum total protein was increased,and the contents of blood glucose and triglyceride were decreased.Compared with the control group,the above indexes showed significant difference(P<0.05)when the dosage was 20 and 30 g/kg(P<0.05).The difference was not significant(P>0.05)when the dosage was 10 and 40 g/kg(P>0.05).[Conclusions]As a feed additive,the plant extract from grape seed and sweet wormwood could increase digestive enzyme activity and regulate blood biochemical parameters of fish body.It had the function of promoting the digestion and absorption,enhancing the metabolic activity of 3 main nutrients,and hastening the growth of fish.展开更多
Ghrelin is an important signaling molecule linking reproductive and energy metabolism. In this study, ghrelin gene of Monopterus albus was cloned. Its structure and function were analysized preliminarily. By Rapid Amp...Ghrelin is an important signaling molecule linking reproductive and energy metabolism. In this study, ghrelin gene of Monopterus albus was cloned. Its structure and function were analysized preliminarily. By Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends(RACE) technique, full-length cDNA and DNA sequences of ghrelin gene were obtained. The full-length ghrelin cDNA(GenBank accession no. JX122807) was 552 bp long, containing a 115 bp 5'-untranslated region, a 324 bp open reading frame and a 113 bp 3'-untranslated region. The full-length ghrelin DNA was 1 323 bp, consisting of three introns and four exons. The exon/intron junction sequences conformed to the GT/AG rule. Three introns were 594, 84 and 93 bp in length, respectively; four exons were229, 78, 112 and 133 bp in length, respectively. The results of amino acid sequence analysis showed that the deduced propreghrelin sequence of M. albus contained a signal peptide(SP) consisting of 22 amino acid residues, a mature peptide(MP)consisting of 19 amino acid residues and a C-terminal amino acid residue. Among them, the third amino acid of MP was serine(Ser^3) as the site for N-acylation and N-deacetylation reactions; the C-terminal amino acid residue sequence might contain a peptide hormone obestatin, which is a physiological antagonist of mature Ghrelin peptide. The homology and phylogenic relationships analyses of amino acid sequences suggested that propreghrelin of M. albus had high similarity to those of several Perciformes fishes; the propreghrelins of M. albus, Perciformes and Heterosomata fishes were clustered into a subgroup. The high conservatism of the gene structure and the amino acid sequences indicated that Ghrelin exerts important physiological functions and plays similar physiological mechanisms in vertebrates.展开更多
Seedlings of the medicinal plant Hyoscyamus albus were supplied with an excess of Cu to examine the possible application in phytoremediation. The seedlings were cultured in B5 medium supplied with basal 0.1 μM Cu and...Seedlings of the medicinal plant Hyoscyamus albus were supplied with an excess of Cu to examine the possible application in phytoremediation. The seedlings were cultured in B5 medium supplied with basal 0.1 μM Cu and 200 μM Cu under various light conditions: short day (SD);long day (LD);and continuous light (CL). In addition, the effect of supplying 200 μM Cu under Fe deficiency was determined, in order to elucidate the interaction between Cu and Fe. Interestingly, Fe-deficiency symptoms that developed in plants grown with basic levels of Cu under LD almost disappeared when excess Cu was supplied. Plant growth mainly depended on the photo irradiation period (SD < LD^CL);and 200 μM Cu did not inhibit growth at all when Fe was available, whereas in the absence of Fe, CL caused damage to growth. Analysis of the Cu and Fe contents of the plants revealed that Cu was distributed equally in both the aerial parts and roots, whereas most of the Fe was found in the roots;under Fe deficiency, Cu accumulation in the roots apparently increased. Cu was mainly distributed in the soluble fraction, which included vacuoles and the cell-wall fraction. These results provide evidence indicating that H. albus seedlings are tolerant of Cu present in excess. Furthermore, excess Cu was able to compensate for Fe deficiency, depending on the light conditions. Continuous light inhibited this effect, probably as a result of the induction of Mn deficiency. The possible applications of this newly discovered cuprophyte are discussed.展开更多
BACKGROUND Few reports have described living foreign bodies in the human body.The current manuscript demonstrates that computed tomography(CT)is an effective tool for accurate preoperative evaluation of living foreign...BACKGROUND Few reports have described living foreign bodies in the human body.The current manuscript demonstrates that computed tomography(CT)is an effective tool for accurate preoperative evaluation of living foreign bodies in clinic.The threedimensional(3D)reconstruction technology could clearly display anatomical structures,lesions and adjacent organs,improving diagnostic accuracy and guiding the surgical decision-making process.CASE SUMMARY Herein we describe a 68-year-old man diagnosed with digestive tract perforation and acute peritonitis caused by a foreign body of Monopterus albus.The patient pre-sented to the emergency department with complaints of dull abdominal pain,profuse sweating and a pale complexion during work.A Monopterus albus had entered the patient’s body through the anus two hours ago.During hospitalization,the 3D reconstruction technology revealed a perforation of the middle rectum complicated with acute peritonitis and showed a clear and complete Monopterus albus bone morphology in the abdominal and pelvic cavities,with the Monopterus albus biting the mesentery.Laparoscopic examination detected a large(diameter of about 1.5 cm)perforation in the mid-rectum.It could be seen that a Monopterus albus had completely entered the abdominal cavity and had tightly bitten the mesentery of the small intestine.During the operation,the dead Monopterus albus was taken out.CONCLUSION The current manuscript demonstrates that CT is an effective tool for accurate preoperative evaluation of living foreign bodies in clinic.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to explore the mutagenesis effects of N＋ ion beam implantation on Streptomyces a/bus and obtain high-yield salinomycin- producing mutant strain. [ Method ] Streptomyces a/bus strain S-11-...[Objective] This study aimed to explore the mutagenesis effects of N＋ ion beam implantation on Streptomyces a/bus and obtain high-yield salinomycin- producing mutant strain. [ Method ] Streptomyces a/bus strain S-11-04 was mutated with different doses of N ＋ implantation. The effects of low energy N ＊ implantation on the survival rate, colony morphology and salinomycin-producing ability were investigated. [ Result] The results showed that low energy N ＋ implantation can efficiently improve the positive mutation rate of Streptomyces albus; 13 mutant strains with high yield of salinomycin were isolated; to be specific, mutant strain N3- 6 has relatively good genetic stability with four continuous generations, and the titres of salinomycin were increased by 41% in the shake-flask culture and 20.5% in mass production compared with the control. [ Conclusion ] N ＋ ion beam irradiation is an effective method to obtain high-yield salinomycin-producing Streptomy- ces albus strain.展开更多
The anti-Clostridium difficile infection(CDI)drug fidaxomicin is a natural polyketide metabolite mainly produced by Micromonosporaceae,such as Actinoplanes deccanensis,Dactylosporangium aurantiacum,and Micromonospora ...The anti-Clostridium difficile infection(CDI)drug fidaxomicin is a natural polyketide metabolite mainly produced by Micromonosporaceae,such as Actinoplanes deccanensis,Dactylosporangium aurantiacum,and Micromonospora echinospora.In the present study,we employed a stepwise strategy by combining heterologous expression,chassis construction,promoter engineering,activator and transporters overexpression,and optimization of fermentation media for high-level production of fidaxomicin.The maximum yield of 384 mg/L fidaxomicin was achieved with engineered Streptomyces albus D7-VHb in 5 L-tank bioreactor,and it was approximately 15-fold higher than the native strain Actinoplanes deccanensis YP-1 with higher strain stability and growth rate.This study developed an enhanced chassis strain,and for the first time,achieved the heterologous synthesis of fidaxomicin through a combinatorial metabolic engineering strategy.展开更多
Dear Editor,Streptomyces can produce a large variety of secondary metabolites as a major source of anti-infective, antitumor or immune-suppressive agents widely applied in clinical treatment. Antibiotics-resistant bac...Dear Editor,Streptomyces can produce a large variety of secondary metabolites as a major source of anti-infective, antitumor or immune-suppressive agents widely applied in clinical treatment. Antibiotics-resistant bacteria are spreading at alarming rates.展开更多
White lupin （Lupinus albus） exhibits strong root morphological and physiological responses to phosphorus （P） deficiency and auxin treatments, but the interactive effects of P and auxin in regulating root morpholog...White lupin （Lupinus albus） exhibits strong root morphological and physiological responses to phosphorus （P） deficiency and auxin treatments, but the interactive effects of P and auxin in regulating root morphological and physiological traits are not fully understood. This study aimed to assess white lupin root traits as influenced by P （0 or 250 ~tmol L-1） and auxin （10=8 mol L-1 NAA） in nutrient solution. Both P deficiency and auxin treatments significantly altered root morphological traits, as evi- denced by reduced taproot length, increased number and density of first-order lateral roots, and enhanced cluster-root for- marion. Changes in root physiological traits were also observed, i.e., increased proton, citrate, and acid phosphatase exudation. Exogenous auxin enhanced root responses and sensitivity to P deficiency. A significant interplay exists between P and auxin in the regulation of root morphological and physiological traits. Principal component analysis showed that P availability ex- plained 64.8% and auxin addition 21.3% of the total variation in root trait parameters, indicating that P availability is much more important than auxin in modifying root responses of white lupin. This suggests that white lupin can coordinate root mor- phological and physiological responses to enhance acquisition of P resources, with an optimal trade-off between root morpho- logical and physiological traits regulated by external stimuli such as P availability and auxin.展开更多
Abstract: A split-root system was used to investigate whether the external or internal P concentration controls root cluster formation and citrate exudation in white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) grown under controlled con...Abstract: A split-root system was used to investigate whether the external or internal P concentration controls root cluster formation and citrate exudation in white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) grown under controlled conditions. In spite of low P concentrations in the shoots and roots of the -P plant, its dry weight was not reduced compared with the +P plant. Supplying external P (0.25 mmol/L) to one root half resulted in an increase in P concentration not only in the shoot, but also in the P-deprived root half, indicating P cycling within the plants. Omitting P from both split-root pots stimulated root cluster formation in both root halves, whereas P supply to one root half stimulated root cluster formation at the beginning of the treatment. Neither P supply to just one root half continuously nor resupply of P to one root half after 19 d of P starvation inhibited root cluster formation on the P-deprived side, although the concentration of P in this root half and shoot increased markedly. The results indicate that root cluster formation in L. albus is controlled by both shoot and root P concentrations. The rates of citrate exudation by both root halves with P deficiency were higher than those of the one root half supplied with P only. In the treatment with one root half supplied with P, the rates of citrate exudation by either the P-supplied or -deprived root halves were almost the same, regardless of P concentration in the roots. The results suggest that internal P concentration controls root cluster formation and citrate exudation in white lupin, but these processes may be regulated by different mechanisms.展开更多
IN our previous studies, we have used in situ nick translation techniques for analysis of DNaseⅠ sensitivity and restriction enzymes in situ cleavage on pachytene bivalents of rice-field eels(Monopterus albus Zuiew)....IN our previous studies, we have used in situ nick translation techniques for analysis of DNaseⅠ sensitivity and restriction enzymes in situ cleavage on pachytene bivalents of rice-field eels(Monopterus albus Zuiew). A characteristic construction of bivalents--"the lampbrush-likechromosome", which has not been reported yet, was detected in some pachytene bivalents.展开更多
The swamp eel(Monopterus albus)is a commonly cultured freshwater fish.Selection and cultivation of fecund broodstock is crucial for efficient artificial reproduction in this species.However,there are currently no guid...The swamp eel(Monopterus albus)is a commonly cultured freshwater fish.Selection and cultivation of fecund broodstock is crucial for efficient artificial reproduction in this species.However,there are currently no guidelines for selecting high-quality males in M.albus.This study quantitatively investigated the sperm motility of male swamp eels during the breeding season by using computer-assisted sperm analysis system.Variability in the proportion and number of motile sperm was observed between individual males.The testes were grouped into high-quality and low-quality according to sperm quality.Morphometric parameters of the two groups were analyzed.We found that high-quality testes were longer(150±27 mm verses 127±19 mm)than low-quality testes.Besides,the proportion of testes with a dark appearance was slightly higher(58.3%verses 48.1%)in the high-quality group than in the low-quality group.Metabolomic analysis was conducted to compare the metabolite profiles of high-quality and low-quality testes.Glycerophospholipids,organic acids,glycerolipids,amino acids,sphingolipids,and nucleotides were the most abundant metabolites in the testes of swamp eels.Moreover,135 differential metabolites were identified.Several nucleotide derivatives,including 50-deoxyadenosine,20-deoxyadenosine,and ribosyl adenosine,were the most significantly enriched metabolites in highquality testes.These metabolites are potential indicators for the testis quality in M.albus.Altogether,our work provides systematic and quantitative data about the physiological and biochemical characteristics of M.albus testis,which provides an evidential basis for the selection of high-fecundity parents to improve artificial reproduction efficiency of M.albus.展开更多
文摘This study aimed to examine the effect of different disinfection methods on the callus of Amorphophallus albus in the tissue culture and rapid propagation system.The calluses induced from buds of A.albus were disinfected with benzalkonium bromide,mercury bichloride,sodium hypochlorite,and ethanol,respectively,for different time periods.The growth of calluses was compared between different treatments and observed in detail by dissection.The results showed that the disinfection with 0.1% mercury bichloride for 5 min and 75% ethanol for 5 s had mild effect on the callus,with the lowest browning rates of 16.32% and 15.46% and the lowest vitrification rates of 3.24% and 9.72%,respectively,after 20 d.The disinfection with benzalkonium bromide and sodium hypochlorite had strong effect on the callus cells,with the lowest browning rate of 50.69% and 25.12% and the lowest vitrification rates of 28.47% and 28.43%,respectively.The cytological observation result showed that the calluses disinfected with ethanol and mercury bichloride showcased compact structures,while those disinfected with sodium hypochlorite and benzalkonium bromide exhibited loose structures.To sum up,it is recommended that 75% ethanol or 0.1% mercury bichloride can be used for disinfection in the tissue culture and rapid propagation of A.albus,while the use of benzalkonium bromide and sodium hypochlorite should be avoided as much as possible.
基金financially supported by the Project from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31101928)the State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology(2010FB02)Public Welfare Scientific Research Project of Hubei Province(2012DBA29001)
文摘The Asian swamp eel （Monopterus albus） is one of the most economically important freshwater fish in East Asia, but data on the immune genes of M. albus are scarce compared to other commercially important fish. A better understanding of the eel＇s immune responses may help in developing strategies for disease management, potentially improving yields and mitigating losses. In mammals, interferon regulatory factors （IRFs） play a vital role in both the innate and adaptive immune system; though among teleosts IRF4 and IRFIO have seldom been studied. In this study, we characterized IRF4 and IRFIO from M. albus （malRF4 and malRFlO） and found that malRF4 cDNA consists of 1 716 nucleotides encoding a 451 amino acid （aa） protein, while malRFlO consists of 1 744 nucleotides including an open reading frame （ORF） of 1 236 nt encoding 411 aa. The malRFlO gene was constitutively expressed at high levels in a variety of tissues, while malRF4 showed a very limited expression pattern. Expression of malRF4 and malRFlO in head kidney, and spleen tissues was significantly up-regulated from 12 h to 48 h post-stimulation with polyinosinic： polycytidylic acid （poly I：C）, lipopolysaccharide （LPS） and a common pathogenic bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila. These results suggest that IRF4 and IRF10 play roles in immune responses to both viral and bacterial infections in M. albus.
文摘L. albus is an annual grain-legume crop mainly grown for high-protein fodder worldwide but also to produce large seeds for human consumption as a snack-food. In order to make genetic gains in grain yield, assessment of the genetic variation in the germplasm and identification of loci associated with agronomic traits are essential. Phomopsis blight (PB) and Pleiochaeta root rot (PRR), caused by the fungal pathogens Diaporthe toxica and, Pleiochaeta setosa respectively, are two major yield-limiting diseases of the L. albus crop. The extent of genetic diversity in 94 accessions of L. albus comprising: Australian and exotic cultivars, advanced breeding lines, and landraces originating from 26 different countries was determined utilizing PCR-based genic, and microarray-based Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT™), markers. All accessions were evaluated for resistance to PB in two plant tissues (leaves and stems) using either sprayed or injected spore inoculum. A subset of 58 accessions was further evaluated for resistance to PRR by growing seedlings in spore-infested potting mix. The combined data of 724 (50 genic- and 674 DArT) markers were used for cluster analysis. A subset of 324 markers with call rate ≥95% and predicted disease scores of different genotypes were used to identify marker loci accounting for phenotypic variation in PB and PRR resistance using linear regression analysis. Several markers showed significant association with PB or PRR resistance at P < 0.05. Our results showed that favourable alleles for PB and PRR resistance are present in the diverse accessions investigated and they will provide valuable materials for lupin breeding.
文摘The current study has been undertaken to examine the beneficial effect in the power output of a microbial fuel cell (MFC) by adding cellulolytic bacteria Ruminococcus albus (R. albus) into the anodic chamber. Mediator-less H-type MFCs were set up where the anode chamber contained anaerobic digester microorganisms as inocula on finely ground pine tree (Avicel) at 2% (w/v) and the cathode chamber of 10mM phosphate buffered saline conductive solution, both separated by a cation exchange membrane. The functioning of the MFCs for generation of electrical power and the amounts of gaseous byproducts was monitored over a 9-day period. The addition of cellulolytic bacteria caused an increase of average power density from 7.9 m W/m2 to19.5 m W/m2, about 245% increase over a 9-day period. For both groups of MFCs;with R. albus and the control, the head space gases collected were methane and CO2. While the methane: CO2 ratios were found unchanged at 1.7:1 throughout the 9 days of operation, the total gas production increased from 248 mL to 319 mL due to the presence of R. albus addition. This study confirms that whereas the biocatalytic activity of anode microbial population determines the energy production, the addition of external cellulolytic bacteria into anode microbial population can improve and extend the biomass utilization.
基金Supported by Hunan Science and Technology Department Planning Project(2012NK3056)
文摘[Objectives]The effect and mechanism of grape seed and sweet wormwood extract on growth of Monopterus albus were studied.[Methods]1 500 healthy M.albus with average mass of 23.8 g/tail were randomly divided into 5 groups.The control group was fed with basal diet and the experimental groups were fed with 10,20,30 and 40 g/kg of grape seed and sweet wormwood extract,respectively.The growth performance of the fish was measured after 60 d of feeding at 23-28℃.[Results]The addition of grape seed and sweet wormwood extract in basal diet could increase the body weight gain rate,specific growth rate and protein efficiency,and decrease the feed coefficient.The activity of digestive enzymes,glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase,glutamic-pyruvic transaminase,blood alkaline phosphatase and serum total protein was increased,and the contents of blood glucose and triglyceride were decreased.Compared with the control group,the above indexes showed significant difference(P<0.05)when the dosage was 20 and 30 g/kg(P<0.05).The difference was not significant(P>0.05)when the dosage was 10 and 40 g/kg(P>0.05).[Conclusions]As a feed additive,the plant extract from grape seed and sweet wormwood could increase digestive enzyme activity and regulate blood biochemical parameters of fish body.It had the function of promoting the digestion and absorption,enhancing the metabolic activity of 3 main nutrients,and hastening the growth of fish.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2013CFB393)Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilizations,Ministry of Agriculture(KF201307)+2 种基金National Pillar Program of China(2013BAD20B06)Pillar Program of Hubei Province(2015BBA235)Program for Outstanding Young and Middle-aged Scientific Innovation Team in Colleges and Universities of Hubei Province(T201503)
文摘Ghrelin is an important signaling molecule linking reproductive and energy metabolism. In this study, ghrelin gene of Monopterus albus was cloned. Its structure and function were analysized preliminarily. By Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends(RACE) technique, full-length cDNA and DNA sequences of ghrelin gene were obtained. The full-length ghrelin cDNA(GenBank accession no. JX122807) was 552 bp long, containing a 115 bp 5'-untranslated region, a 324 bp open reading frame and a 113 bp 3'-untranslated region. The full-length ghrelin DNA was 1 323 bp, consisting of three introns and four exons. The exon/intron junction sequences conformed to the GT/AG rule. Three introns were 594, 84 and 93 bp in length, respectively; four exons were229, 78, 112 and 133 bp in length, respectively. The results of amino acid sequence analysis showed that the deduced propreghrelin sequence of M. albus contained a signal peptide(SP) consisting of 22 amino acid residues, a mature peptide(MP)consisting of 19 amino acid residues and a C-terminal amino acid residue. Among them, the third amino acid of MP was serine(Ser^3) as the site for N-acylation and N-deacetylation reactions; the C-terminal amino acid residue sequence might contain a peptide hormone obestatin, which is a physiological antagonist of mature Ghrelin peptide. The homology and phylogenic relationships analyses of amino acid sequences suggested that propreghrelin of M. albus had high similarity to those of several Perciformes fishes; the propreghrelins of M. albus, Perciformes and Heterosomata fishes were clustered into a subgroup. The high conservatism of the gene structure and the amino acid sequences indicated that Ghrelin exerts important physiological functions and plays similar physiological mechanisms in vertebrates.
文摘Seedlings of the medicinal plant Hyoscyamus albus were supplied with an excess of Cu to examine the possible application in phytoremediation. The seedlings were cultured in B5 medium supplied with basal 0.1 μM Cu and 200 μM Cu under various light conditions: short day (SD);long day (LD);and continuous light (CL). In addition, the effect of supplying 200 μM Cu under Fe deficiency was determined, in order to elucidate the interaction between Cu and Fe. Interestingly, Fe-deficiency symptoms that developed in plants grown with basic levels of Cu under LD almost disappeared when excess Cu was supplied. Plant growth mainly depended on the photo irradiation period (SD < LD^CL);and 200 μM Cu did not inhibit growth at all when Fe was available, whereas in the absence of Fe, CL caused damage to growth. Analysis of the Cu and Fe contents of the plants revealed that Cu was distributed equally in both the aerial parts and roots, whereas most of the Fe was found in the roots;under Fe deficiency, Cu accumulation in the roots apparently increased. Cu was mainly distributed in the soluble fraction, which included vacuoles and the cell-wall fraction. These results provide evidence indicating that H. albus seedlings are tolerant of Cu present in excess. Furthermore, excess Cu was able to compensate for Fe deficiency, depending on the light conditions. Continuous light inhibited this effect, probably as a result of the induction of Mn deficiency. The possible applications of this newly discovered cuprophyte are discussed.
文摘BACKGROUND Few reports have described living foreign bodies in the human body.The current manuscript demonstrates that computed tomography(CT)is an effective tool for accurate preoperative evaluation of living foreign bodies in clinic.The threedimensional(3D)reconstruction technology could clearly display anatomical structures,lesions and adjacent organs,improving diagnostic accuracy and guiding the surgical decision-making process.CASE SUMMARY Herein we describe a 68-year-old man diagnosed with digestive tract perforation and acute peritonitis caused by a foreign body of Monopterus albus.The patient pre-sented to the emergency department with complaints of dull abdominal pain,profuse sweating and a pale complexion during work.A Monopterus albus had entered the patient’s body through the anus two hours ago.During hospitalization,the 3D reconstruction technology revealed a perforation of the middle rectum complicated with acute peritonitis and showed a clear and complete Monopterus albus bone morphology in the abdominal and pelvic cavities,with the Monopterus albus biting the mesentery.Laparoscopic examination detected a large(diameter of about 1.5 cm)perforation in the mid-rectum.It could be seen that a Monopterus albus had completely entered the abdominal cavity and had tightly bitten the mesentery of the small intestine.During the operation,the dead Monopterus albus was taken out.CONCLUSION The current manuscript demonstrates that CT is an effective tool for accurate preoperative evaluation of living foreign bodies in clinic.
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to explore the mutagenesis effects of N＋ ion beam implantation on Streptomyces a/bus and obtain high-yield salinomycin- producing mutant strain. [ Method ] Streptomyces a/bus strain S-11-04 was mutated with different doses of N ＋ implantation. The effects of low energy N ＊ implantation on the survival rate, colony morphology and salinomycin-producing ability were investigated. [ Result] The results showed that low energy N ＋ implantation can efficiently improve the positive mutation rate of Streptomyces albus; 13 mutant strains with high yield of salinomycin were isolated; to be specific, mutant strain N3- 6 has relatively good genetic stability with four continuous generations, and the titres of salinomycin were increased by 41% in the shake-flask culture and 20.5% in mass production compared with the control. [ Conclusion ] N ＋ ion beam irradiation is an effective method to obtain high-yield salinomycin-producing Streptomy- ces albus strain.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(grant number 2019YFA09005400)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number LQ21C010002).
文摘The anti-Clostridium difficile infection(CDI)drug fidaxomicin is a natural polyketide metabolite mainly produced by Micromonosporaceae,such as Actinoplanes deccanensis,Dactylosporangium aurantiacum,and Micromonospora echinospora.In the present study,we employed a stepwise strategy by combining heterologous expression,chassis construction,promoter engineering,activator and transporters overexpression,and optimization of fermentation media for high-level production of fidaxomicin.The maximum yield of 384 mg/L fidaxomicin was achieved with engineered Streptomyces albus D7-VHb in 5 L-tank bioreactor,and it was approximately 15-fold higher than the native strain Actinoplanes deccanensis YP-1 with higher strain stability and growth rate.This study developed an enhanced chassis strain,and for the first time,achieved the heterologous synthesis of fidaxomicin through a combinatorial metabolic engineering strategy.
基金supported by grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2015CB150600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31571281 and 31771378)
文摘Dear Editor,Streptomyces can produce a large variety of secondary metabolites as a major source of anti-infective, antitumor or immune-suppressive agents widely applied in clinical treatment. Antibiotics-resistant bacteria are spreading at alarming rates.
基金Progress of Projects Supported by NSFCsupported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30925024, 30890131, 30871591)+3 种基金the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (6122021)the innovative group grant of NSFC (31121062)Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2013CB127402)the Innovation Fund for Graduate Student of China Agricultural University(KYCX2011040)
文摘White lupin （Lupinus albus） exhibits strong root morphological and physiological responses to phosphorus （P） deficiency and auxin treatments, but the interactive effects of P and auxin in regulating root morphological and physiological traits are not fully understood. This study aimed to assess white lupin root traits as influenced by P （0 or 250 ~tmol L-1） and auxin （10=8 mol L-1 NAA） in nutrient solution. Both P deficiency and auxin treatments significantly altered root morphological traits, as evi- denced by reduced taproot length, increased number and density of first-order lateral roots, and enhanced cluster-root for- marion. Changes in root physiological traits were also observed, i.e., increased proton, citrate, and acid phosphatase exudation. Exogenous auxin enhanced root responses and sensitivity to P deficiency. A significant interplay exists between P and auxin in the regulation of root morphological and physiological traits. Principal component analysis showed that P availability ex- plained 64.8% and auxin addition 21.3% of the total variation in root trait parameters, indicating that P availability is much more important than auxin in modifying root responses of white lupin. This suggests that white lupin can coordinate root mor- phological and physiological responses to enhance acquisition of P resources, with an optimal trade-off between root morpho- logical and physiological traits regulated by external stimuli such as P availability and auxin.
基金the Ministry of Education Grant for Ph.D Program，国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)
文摘Abstract: A split-root system was used to investigate whether the external or internal P concentration controls root cluster formation and citrate exudation in white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) grown under controlled conditions. In spite of low P concentrations in the shoots and roots of the -P plant, its dry weight was not reduced compared with the +P plant. Supplying external P (0.25 mmol/L) to one root half resulted in an increase in P concentration not only in the shoot, but also in the P-deprived root half, indicating P cycling within the plants. Omitting P from both split-root pots stimulated root cluster formation in both root halves, whereas P supply to one root half stimulated root cluster formation at the beginning of the treatment. Neither P supply to just one root half continuously nor resupply of P to one root half after 19 d of P starvation inhibited root cluster formation on the P-deprived side, although the concentration of P in this root half and shoot increased markedly. The results indicate that root cluster formation in L. albus is controlled by both shoot and root P concentrations. The rates of citrate exudation by both root halves with P deficiency were higher than those of the one root half supplied with P only. In the treatment with one root half supplied with P, the rates of citrate exudation by either the P-supplied or -deprived root halves were almost the same, regardless of P concentration in the roots. The results suggest that internal P concentration controls root cluster formation and citrate exudation in white lupin, but these processes may be regulated by different mechanisms.
文摘IN our previous studies, we have used in situ nick translation techniques for analysis of DNaseⅠ sensitivity and restriction enzymes in situ cleavage on pachytene bivalents of rice-field eels(Monopterus albus Zuiew). A characteristic construction of bivalents--"the lampbrush-likechromosome", which has not been reported yet, was detected in some pachytene bivalents.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31922085)Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(Nos.2020CFA056 and 2022BBA0010)Foundation of Hubei Hongshan Laboratory(2022hszd022)to D Luo.
文摘The swamp eel(Monopterus albus)is a commonly cultured freshwater fish.Selection and cultivation of fecund broodstock is crucial for efficient artificial reproduction in this species.However,there are currently no guidelines for selecting high-quality males in M.albus.This study quantitatively investigated the sperm motility of male swamp eels during the breeding season by using computer-assisted sperm analysis system.Variability in the proportion and number of motile sperm was observed between individual males.The testes were grouped into high-quality and low-quality according to sperm quality.Morphometric parameters of the two groups were analyzed.We found that high-quality testes were longer(150±27 mm verses 127±19 mm)than low-quality testes.Besides,the proportion of testes with a dark appearance was slightly higher(58.3%verses 48.1%)in the high-quality group than in the low-quality group.Metabolomic analysis was conducted to compare the metabolite profiles of high-quality and low-quality testes.Glycerophospholipids,organic acids,glycerolipids,amino acids,sphingolipids,and nucleotides were the most abundant metabolites in the testes of swamp eels.Moreover,135 differential metabolites were identified.Several nucleotide derivatives,including 50-deoxyadenosine,20-deoxyadenosine,and ribosyl adenosine,were the most significantly enriched metabolites in highquality testes.These metabolites are potential indicators for the testis quality in M.albus.Altogether,our work provides systematic and quantitative data about the physiological and biochemical characteristics of M.albus testis,which provides an evidential basis for the selection of high-fecundity parents to improve artificial reproduction efficiency of M.albus.
