During storage at 20℃,specific pear cultivars may exhibit a greasy texture and decline in quality due to fruit senescence.Among these varieties,‘Yuluxiang’is particularly susceptible to peel greasiness,resulting in...During storage at 20℃,specific pear cultivars may exhibit a greasy texture and decline in quality due to fruit senescence.Among these varieties,‘Yuluxiang’is particularly susceptible to peel greasiness,resulting in significant economic losses.Therefore,there is an urgent need for a preservative that can effectively inhibit the development of greasiness.Previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of 1-methylcyclopropene(1-MCP)in extending the storage period of fruits.We hypothesize that it may also influence the occurrence of postharvest peel greasiness in the‘Yuluxiang’pears.In this study,we treated‘Yuluxiang’pears with 1-MCP.We stored them at 20℃while analyzing the composition and morphology of the surface waxes,recording enzyme activities related to wax synthesis,and measuring indicators associated with fruit storage quality and physiological characteristics.The results demonstrate that prolonged storage at 20℃leads to a rapid increase in skin greasiness,consistent with the observed elevations in L^(*),greasiness score,and the content of total wax and greasy wax components.Moreover,there were indications that cuticular waxes underwent melting,resulting in the formation of an amorphous structure.In comparison to controls,the application of 1-MCP significantly inhibited increments in L^(*) values as well as grease scores while also reducing accumulation rates for oily waxes throughout most stages over its shelf period,additionally delaying transitions from flaky-wax structures towards their amorphous counterparts.During the initial 7 d of storage,several enzymes involved in the biosynthesis and metabolism of greasy wax components,including lipoxygenase(LOX),phospholipase D(PLD),andβ-ketoacyl-CoA synthase(KCS),exhibited an increase followed by a subsequent decline.The activity of LOX during early shelf life(0–7 d)and the KCS activity during middle to late shelf life(14–21 d)were significantly suppressed by 1-MCP.Additionally,1-MCP effectively maintained firmness,total soluble solid(TSS)and titratable acid(TA)contents,peroxidase(POD),and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL)activities while inhibiting vitamin C degradation and weight loss.Furthermore,it restrained polyphenol oxidase(PPO)activity,ethylene production,and respiration rate increase.These findings demonstrate that 1-MCP not only delays the onset of peel greasiness but also preserves the overall storage quality of‘Yuluxiang’pear at a temperature of 20℃.This study presents a novel approach for developing new preservatives to inhibit pear fruit peel greasiness and provides a theoretical foundation for further research on pear fruit preservation.展开更多
[Objective] This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of 1-methylcy- clopropene （1-MCP） on fruit firmness, and the activity of the enzymes involved in ethylene metabolism and membrane lipid peroxidation. [Meth...[Objective] This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of 1-methylcy- clopropene （1-MCP） on fruit firmness, and the activity of the enzymes involved in ethylene metabolism and membrane lipid peroxidation. [Method] The nearly ripe fruits of the papaya cultivar Risheng were randomly assigned to one of four groups. Two groups were treated under hypobaric and hypoxic （HH） atmosphere condition for six hours, and immediately soaked in deionized water （HH alone）, or fumigated with 2.0 mg/L 1-MCP （HH＋I-MCP） for 24 h. The other two groups untreated under HH condition were also soaked in deionized water （negative control）, or fumigated with 2.0 mg/L 1-MCP （1-MCP alone） for 24 h. After that, the fruits of all the four treatments were stored at room temperature （23＋1） ℃. Cell membrane permeability, fruit firmness, respiration rate, ethylene release rate, SOD activity, POD activity, CAT activity, MAD content and LOX activity were measured once every three days during storage. [Result] Treatment with 1-MCP delayed the occurrence of the peaks of respiration rate and ethylene release rate, significantly reduced the accumulation of malondialdehyde （MDA）, and inhibited the decrease in papaya fruit firmness. Compared with the control, 1-MCP treatment significantly increased the SOD （su- peroxide dismutase）, POD （peroxidase） and CAT （catalase） activity, reduced the ac- tivity of lipoxygenase （LOX）, a product of lipid peroxidatlon in membranes, and in- hibited ethylene biosynthesis, thus delaying the aging process and prolonging the storage life of papaya fruits. [Conclusion] The results will provide a theoretical basis for analvzina the key factors controllinq postharvest maturity and aging of papaya fruits.展开更多
To investigate the roles of Harvista(a sprayable 1-methylcyclopropene,1-MCP,available component is 150 g·hm^(-2))and Ethephon(1 mL·L^(-1))applied at preharvest in apple(Malus domestica Borkh.'Golden Deli...To investigate the roles of Harvista(a sprayable 1-methylcyclopropene,1-MCP,available component is 150 g·hm^(-2))and Ethephon(1 mL·L^(-1))applied at preharvest in apple(Malus domestica Borkh.'Golden Delicious')fruit cuticular wax biosynthesis,the expression of genes related to fruit cuticular wax biosynthesis and ethylene biosynthesis and signaling,ethylene production rate,respiration rate,wax constituents and structure,and fruit quality were determined at harvest and during cold storage.The results showed that 1-MCP inhibited the expression levels of ethylene biosynthesis and signaling-related genes,decreased fruit ethylene production,and inhibited the expression of Md LACS1,Md CER6,Md CER4 and Md WSD1,which resulted in decreases in alcohols,acids,and esters content in fruit cuticular wax.1-MCP also reduced fruit dropping rate from 17.17%to 12%;maintained fruit firmness,soluble solids,titratable acidity during cold storage;showed about as one fifth in the total length and one third in the widest width of wax crack as that in control at harvest.In contrast,Ethephon produced the opposite effects.In conclusion,1-MCP inhibited fruit ethylene biosynthesis and signaling,and influenced fruit cuticular wax biosynthesis.Thus,the fruit cuticular wax constituents and structure was altered,and the fruit quality were maintained at harvest and during cold storage.The results provide a new technology for improving apple fruit harvest and postharvest quality by preharvest application of sprayable 1-MCP.展开更多
The inclusion-complex of CD-MCP （β-cyclodextrin （β-CD） including 1-methylcyclopropene （1-MCP）） was prepared and characterized. Basing on programmed-heating procedure and weight-temperature analysis, as well as...The inclusion-complex of CD-MCP （β-cyclodextrin （β-CD） including 1-methylcyclopropene （1-MCP）） was prepared and characterized. Basing on programmed-heating procedure and weight-temperature analysis, as well as the application of Satava-Sestak＇s, Ozawa＇s and Kissinger＇s methods, the mechanism and kinetics of thermal dissociation of this inclusion complex were studied. An additional mass loss is found at 170-180℃. The mechanism of thermal dissociation of CD-MCP is dominated by a one-dimensional random nucleation and subsequent growth process （A2/3）. The activation energy Es and the pre-exponential factor AS for the process are 102.14 kJ/mol and 3.63×10^10s^-1, respectively. This ES value shows that there is no strong chemical intere, ctions between β-CD and 1-MC;P,展开更多
Floral senescence or petal abscission that determine cut flower quality and longevity are primarily caused by the regulation of endogenous ethylene and perception of endogenous and exogenous ethylene in floral organs(...Floral senescence or petal abscission that determine cut flower quality and longevity are primarily caused by the regulation of endogenous ethylene and perception of endogenous and exogenous ethylene in floral organs(such as the petals and gynoecium),in ethylene-sensitive species.Several attempts have been made to prolong flower quality and longevity using silver ions and other chemicals that inhibit ethylene production and perception in floral organs.Among the available compounds,1-methylcyclopropene(1-MCP)has been increasingly used as ethylene-action/perception inhibitor because of its ability to inhibit ethylene action/perception and it is environmentally safe.Although 1-MCP has been used in several cut flower crops for about 25 years,there has been no review yet that critically emphasizes the benefits or difficulties of using this compound for the prolongation of cut flower quality and longevity.Here,we outline the role of 1-MCP in inhibiting ethylene action/perception and petal senescence in cut flowers through the blocking of receptor binding sites,and we discuss how various factors affecting efficacy of 1-MCP(such as concentration,treatment time and temperature,genotype,and flower stage)are involved in the achievement of flower longevity.Moreover,we highlight the advantages of applying nonvolatile and liquid 1-MCP formulation types,as opposed to using the conventional 1-MCP treatment(powder formulation type).We expect that this review will provide useful information for the future utilization of 1-MCP for the maintenance of cut flower longevity.展开更多
The cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) crop experiences high temperatures during flowering and boll development, but information regarding the impact of ethylene inhibition and high temperature on early boll development i...The cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) crop experiences high temperatures during flowering and boll development, but information regarding the impact of ethylene inhibition and high temperature on early boll development is limited. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of high temperature and the anti-ethylene compound 1-methylcy-cloprone (1-MCP) on G. hirsutum boll development. Treatments consisted of temperature regime (38/20?C and 30/ 20?C), 1-MCP treatment, and days past anthesis (DPA). High temperature decreased ethylene synthesis by 61% at 2 DPA, and 1-MCP caused a 40% decrease in ethylene production at 1 DPA. Glutathione reductase activity increased under high temperature, whereas superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) and membrane peroxidation (malondialdehyde content) remained unchanged. 1-MCP treatment did not affect GR activity in developing bolls. High temperature and 1-MCP treatment increased the weight of cotton bolls collected 8 DPA with an increase of 0.7 and 1 g, respectively. We propose that increased GR activity in bolls exposed to high temperature may mitigate oxidative damage. Additionally, we conclude that ethylene inhibition (either high temperature or 1-MCP-induced) immediately after flowering (1 or 2 DPA) could potentially have positive impacts on early boll growth.展开更多
Objectives] This study was conducted to investigate the regulatory mechanism of ethylene on DpXTH gene expression in dahlia （ Dahlia pinnata Cav.） flower petals.[Methods] Dahlia flower petals were treated with ethep...Objectives] This study was conducted to investigate the regulatory mechanism of ethylene on DpXTH gene expression in dahlia （ Dahlia pinnata Cav.） flower petals.[Methods] Dahlia flower petals were treated with ethephon （ETH） and 1-methylcyclopropene （1-MCP） at different flower development stages and for different durations in vivo . Then, the relative expression of DpXTH1 and DpXTH2 in flower samples in different treatments was quantified with real-time PCR, using β-actin as a reference gene.[Results] The expression of DpXTH1 and DpXTH2 in ETH- or 1-MCP-treated dahlia flower petals increased at first, and decreased subsequently with increasing duration of treatment. The relative expression of both DpXTH1 and DpXTH2 in ETH-treated samples reached the maximum level at 12 h. Moreover, the relative expression of both DpXTH1 and DpXTH2 in dahlia flower petals treated with ETH at early stage of flowering was higher than that of the samples treated at other flowering stages; in 1-MCP-treated samples, it was higher at full-flowering stage than at other stages. The maximum relative expression levels of DpXTH1 and DpXTH2 in ETH- and 1-MCP-treated samples were all higher than those of control.[Conclusions] Exogenous ethylene can accelerate the opening of dahlia flowers, and 1-MCP can inhibit this process, so they can be used to regulate development of dahlia flowers.展开更多
With papaya fruit （ Carica papaya ） as an experimental material, variations of its physiological indices were investigated through hypobaric hypoxia （HH, 10 kPa, 1.5 kPa O 2） treatment followed by fumigation with ...With papaya fruit （ Carica papaya ） as an experimental material, variations of its physiological indices were investigated through hypobaric hypoxia （HH, 10 kPa, 1.5 kPa O 2） treatment followed by fumigation with 1-methylcyclopropene （1-MCP）, so as to discuss the effect of interaction between 1-MCP and internal ethylene on ripening of papaya fruit during postharvest storage. The results indicated that HH treatment significantly reduced internal ethylene concentration （IEC） by 57.6%. However, there were no remarkable differences in other physiological indices between various treatments and control （CK）. The 1-MCP and HH＋1-MCP treatments could significant postpone the softening process and color change of papaya fruit. The two treatments achieved the effects of significantly inhibiting the occurrence of fruit disease and the increase of pericarp cell membrane permeability, effectively delaying the variation of soluble solid and Vc contents, and better maintaining soluble solid and Vc contents in fruit, thereby better keeping nutritional substances and flavor quality in fruit in later storage period and prolonging the storage time of fruit.展开更多
The effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on postharvest quality of Zizania latifolia during storage at 25˚C were investigated. The results pointed out that a postharvest application of 1-MCP maintained the good vis...The effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on postharvest quality of Zizania latifolia during storage at 25˚C were investigated. The results pointed out that a postharvest application of 1-MCP maintained the good visual appearance of fresh Z. latifolia, inhibited browning, mildew and weight loss at the bottom of Z. latifolia, and there is no significant changes on L, a*, b* and ΔE during the whole storage period. In addition, 1-MCP treatment inhibited the respiratory intensity of Z. latifolia during the first three days of storage, but it was significantly higher than that of the control on the sixth day of storage. Compared with the control, 1-MCP treatment maintained relatively high SOD, CAT, APX activities and low PAL, POD, PLD, lipase and LOX activities, delayed the decline of AsA content, reduced the accumulation of O<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and MDA, and ultimately maintained the integrity of cell structure and delayed the senescence of Z. latifolia. In addition, positive effects of 1-MCP on maintaining the cell structure integrity were observed in this investigation throughout the storage period at 25˚C.展开更多
The Yali pear（Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.） is susceptible to superficial scald during prolonged cold storage and at shelf life. This study investigated the effects of 1-methylcyclopropene（1-MCP） and modified atmosp...The Yali pear（Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.） is susceptible to superficial scald during prolonged cold storage and at shelf life. This study investigated the effects of 1-methylcyclopropene（1-MCP） and modified atmosphere packaging（MAP） on changes of fruit quality and superficial scald during cold storage and at shelf life in Yali pear. Compared with MAP, the combination of MAP and 1-MCP（MAP＋1-MCP） treatment reduced the carbon dioxide and ethylene content inside the packaging bag. The 1-MCP, MAP, and MAP＋1-MCP treatments reduced the superficial scald index, malondialdehyde content, O2^-· production rate and relative conductivity and inhibited the accumulation of α-farnesene and conjugated trienes in the peel. 1-MCP and MAP＋1-MCP treatments maintained a higher phenolic content and enhanced the catalase and superoxide dismutase activities in the fruit, while reduced activities of lipoxygenase and polyphenol oxidase in the peel preceding the onset of superficial scald. Comprehensive analysis indicated that the MAP＋1-MCP treatment is the most effective method tested for improving the quality of Yali pears during cold storage and at shelf life.展开更多
Studies were conducted over the effects of 1-methylcycolpropene （1-MCP） treatment on postharvest life of Suli pears （Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.） stored at room and cold temperatures on nitric oxide （NO）,nitric o...Studies were conducted over the effects of 1-methylcycolpropene （1-MCP） treatment on postharvest life of Suli pears （Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.） stored at room and cold temperatures on nitric oxide （NO）,nitric oxide synthase （NOS） activity,and hydrogen dioxide （H2O2）.Results showed that the 1-MCP treatment had little effect on total soluble solids （TSS） at both room and cold temperatures.1-MCP delayed softening of Suli pear fruits,decreased respiratory rate and H2O2 accumulation,and increased NO and NOS activity at room temperature storage,while the effect of cold temperature storage was relatively inferior.There was a significant positive correlation between NOS activity and NO content.It is concluded that 1-MCP had effects on endogenous NO content and accumulation of H2O2.Similarly,H2O2 acting as a signaling molecule via regulating NO level affects the ripening and senescence of Suli pears.展开更多
The regulation of postharvest treatment with propylene and 1-MCP on ethylene release rate and expressions of 1- aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid synthase （ACS） and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase （...The regulation of postharvest treatment with propylene and 1-MCP on ethylene release rate and expressions of 1- aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid synthase （ACS） and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase （ACO） genes in Fuping Janshi persimmon （Diospyros kaki L.） fruit were investigated. Fruits were treated with propylene and 1-MCP, then stored at 20℃, ethylene release rate of the treated fruits was measured at regular intervals and RNA was extracted for Northern blotting analysis. The results suggested that treatment with propylene accelerated the expressions of ACS and ACO genes and then enhanced the ethylene biosynthesis, while treatment with 1-MCP inhibited the expressions of two genes and their ethylene biosynthesis. Furthermore, different effects on expressions caused by treatments with propylene and 1-MCP existed in various fruit tissues, the inhibitory effect on ACS and ACO genes by 1-MCP was the strongest in pericarp, followed by pulp and core tissues, in the area near fruit stalk, the inhibitory effect was the weakest. While the enhanced effect on ACS and ACO genes by propylene increased from pulp, core, and pericarp to the area near fruit stalk. Expression of each member of ACS and ACO families in various tissues was also completely different, in control and propylene treatment, DKACS3 gene just expressed in the area near fruit stalk and did not express in other tissues, but DKACS2 gene expressed in four tissues by treatment with propylene.展开更多
Objectives:The aim of this work was to analyse the effects of 1-methylcyclopropene(1-MCP)treatment on the metabolisms of membrane lipids in postharvest Anxi persimmons during storage.Materials and methods:Anxi persimm...Objectives:The aim of this work was to analyse the effects of 1-methylcyclopropene(1-MCP)treatment on the metabolisms of membrane lipids in postharvest Anxi persimmons during storage.Materials and methods:Anxi persimmon(Diospyros kaki L.f.cv.Anxi)fruits were treated by paper containing 1-MCP with a concentration of 1.35μl/l.The cellular membrane permeability was analysed by the electric conductivity meter.The activities of lipoxygenase(LOX),phospholipase(PLD)and lipase were determined by spectrophotometry.The component and relative amounts of membrane fatty acids were determined using gas chromatograph(GC).Results:The 1-MCP-treated Anxi persimmons manifested a lower electrolyte leakage rate,lower LOX,PLD and lipase activities,higher levels of unsaturated fatty acids(USFAs),higher ratio of USFAs to saturated fatty acids(SFAs)(U/S),higher index of USFAs(IUFA),but lower levels of SFAs.Conclusions:The degradation and the metabolisms of membrane lipids could be suppressed by 1-MCP treatment,which might be accountable for the delaying softening of postharvest Anxi persimmons during storage.展开更多
Objectives:The purpose of this work was to evaluate the potential application of papers containing 1-methylcyclopropene(1-MCP)postharvest treatment for suppressing fruit decay of fresh Anxi persimmons and its possible...Objectives:The purpose of this work was to evaluate the potential application of papers containing 1-methylcyclopropene(1-MCP)postharvest treatment for suppressing fruit decay of fresh Anxi persimmons and its possible mechanism.Materials and methods:Anxi persimmon fruit were treated with papers containing 1-MCP at the dosage of 1.35μL/L and stored at(25±1)℃and 85 per cent relative humidity for 35 days.During storage,the fruit decay rate and lignin content were evaluated,and the content of total phenolics,the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase(PAL),polyphenol oxidase(PPO),peroxidase(POD),chitinase(CHI),and p-1,3-glucanase(GLU)were determined by spectrophotometry.Results:The 1-MCP-treated persimmons displayed a lower fruit decay rate,but higher contents of lignin and total phenolics,higher activities of PAL,PPO,POD,CHI,and GLU.Conclusions:The treatment with 1-MCP could inhibit the fruit decay of postharvest Anxi persimmons,which might be because 1-MCP enhanced fruit disease resistance by increasing the activities of disease resistance-associated enzymes and retaining higher contents of disease resistance-related substances in postharvest fresh Anxi persimmons.These findings indicate that papers containing 1-MCP at the dosage of 1.35μL/L have potential application in suppressing fruit decay and extending storage life of postharvest fresh Anxi persimmons.展开更多
The perishable and short shelf-life characteristics of figs result in nutrient loss and fruit waste.The application of 1-methylcyclopropene(1-MCP)and modified atmosphere packaging(MAP)is effective strategy for fruit p...The perishable and short shelf-life characteristics of figs result in nutrient loss and fruit waste.The application of 1-methylcyclopropene(1-MCP)and modified atmosphere packaging(MAP)is effective strategy for fruit pres-ervation.In this study,1-MCP and MAP were employed to inhibit figs decay and postharvest senescence during storage.Three treatments were evaluated,including the COM(untreated in commercial packaging),MAP(sealed in 4081 mL/m^(2)·d·atm oxygen permeability bags),and treatment with 1-MCP and MAP(treated with 1.5μL/L 1-MCP and sealed in 4081 mL/m^(2)·d·atm oxygen permeability bags).Each treatment consisted of three replicates with 72 figs per replicate.Results indicated that treatment with 1-MCP and MAP inhibited fig decay,softening,and weight loss significantly,and changes in O_(2)and CO_(2)partial pressures.1-MCP and MAP also effectively retained the higher contents of total phenol,total flavonoid,ascorbic acid and glutathione in figs,and increased activities of ascorbate peroxidase,peroxidase,superoxide dismutase and catalase.The production of superoxide anion(O_(2)^(-)·),and hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))in figs was prevented,and color were retained in 1-MCP and MAP treatment.Moreover,the analysis of volatile components indicated that 1-MCP and MAP improved the flavor of figs during storage and reduced the loss of aroma compounds in figs.Therefore,treatment with 1-MCP and MAP significantly extended storage life of figs.展开更多
In this study,integrative metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses were conducted to investigate the effects of 1-methylcyclopropene(1-MCP)on apple fruit quality during long-term cold storage.The results showed that ...In this study,integrative metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses were conducted to investigate the effects of 1-methylcyclopropene(1-MCP)on apple fruit quality during long-term cold storage.The results showed that 1-MCP(1μL/L)treatment could maintain fruits apparent quality(i.e.external color and firmness),inhibit the increase of rot rate and soluble solids content/titratable acidity ratio,decrease ethylene release,and respiratory intensity during cold storage,and extend shelf life.Moreover,1-MCP had long-term effects on the accumulation of many qualities related to metabolite and gene expression in fruits.1-MCP affected genes related to metabolism at the early stage of storage,specifically those of the glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle pathways.Genes related to the degradation of sucrose,starch,and cellulose were inhibited,and some starch and cellulose synthesis genes were up-regulated by 1-MCP.Apart from ethylene synthesis and signal transduction being inhibited by 1-MCP,several enzymes(pectinesterase,pectate lyase,polygalacturonase)were involved in pectin degradation,and degradation products of the cell wall(i.e.D-galacturonic acid and D-glucuronic acid)were also strongly inhibited,further maintaining fruit firmness.Cysteine,as precursor glutathione(GSH)related to plant resistance,up-regulated the synthase gene.However,the expression of genes related to cyanoalanine syn-thase and amino acid utilization pathways was suppressed by 1-MCP Collectively,1-MCP could maintain the postharvest quality of apple fruits.展开更多
基金supported by the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-RIP)the earmarked fund for the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-28)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province,China(2021-MS-036)。
文摘During storage at 20℃,specific pear cultivars may exhibit a greasy texture and decline in quality due to fruit senescence.Among these varieties,‘Yuluxiang’is particularly susceptible to peel greasiness,resulting in significant economic losses.Therefore,there is an urgent need for a preservative that can effectively inhibit the development of greasiness.Previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of 1-methylcyclopropene(1-MCP)in extending the storage period of fruits.We hypothesize that it may also influence the occurrence of postharvest peel greasiness in the‘Yuluxiang’pears.In this study,we treated‘Yuluxiang’pears with 1-MCP.We stored them at 20℃while analyzing the composition and morphology of the surface waxes,recording enzyme activities related to wax synthesis,and measuring indicators associated with fruit storage quality and physiological characteristics.The results demonstrate that prolonged storage at 20℃leads to a rapid increase in skin greasiness,consistent with the observed elevations in L^(*),greasiness score,and the content of total wax and greasy wax components.Moreover,there were indications that cuticular waxes underwent melting,resulting in the formation of an amorphous structure.In comparison to controls,the application of 1-MCP significantly inhibited increments in L^(*) values as well as grease scores while also reducing accumulation rates for oily waxes throughout most stages over its shelf period,additionally delaying transitions from flaky-wax structures towards their amorphous counterparts.During the initial 7 d of storage,several enzymes involved in the biosynthesis and metabolism of greasy wax components,including lipoxygenase(LOX),phospholipase D(PLD),andβ-ketoacyl-CoA synthase(KCS),exhibited an increase followed by a subsequent decline.The activity of LOX during early shelf life(0–7 d)and the KCS activity during middle to late shelf life(14–21 d)were significantly suppressed by 1-MCP.Additionally,1-MCP effectively maintained firmness,total soluble solid(TSS)and titratable acid(TA)contents,peroxidase(POD),and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL)activities while inhibiting vitamin C degradation and weight loss.Furthermore,it restrained polyphenol oxidase(PPO)activity,ethylene production,and respiration rate increase.These findings demonstrate that 1-MCP not only delays the onset of peel greasiness but also preserves the overall storage quality of‘Yuluxiang’pear at a temperature of 20℃.This study presents a novel approach for developing new preservatives to inhibit pear fruit peel greasiness and provides a theoretical foundation for further research on pear fruit preservation.
文摘[Objective] This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of 1-methylcy- clopropene （1-MCP） on fruit firmness, and the activity of the enzymes involved in ethylene metabolism and membrane lipid peroxidation. [Method] The nearly ripe fruits of the papaya cultivar Risheng were randomly assigned to one of four groups. Two groups were treated under hypobaric and hypoxic （HH） atmosphere condition for six hours, and immediately soaked in deionized water （HH alone）, or fumigated with 2.0 mg/L 1-MCP （HH＋I-MCP） for 24 h. The other two groups untreated under HH condition were also soaked in deionized water （negative control）, or fumigated with 2.0 mg/L 1-MCP （1-MCP alone） for 24 h. After that, the fruits of all the four treatments were stored at room temperature （23＋1） ℃. Cell membrane permeability, fruit firmness, respiration rate, ethylene release rate, SOD activity, POD activity, CAT activity, MAD content and LOX activity were measured once every three days during storage. [Result] Treatment with 1-MCP delayed the occurrence of the peaks of respiration rate and ethylene release rate, significantly reduced the accumulation of malondialdehyde （MDA）, and inhibited the decrease in papaya fruit firmness. Compared with the control, 1-MCP treatment significantly increased the SOD （su- peroxide dismutase）, POD （peroxidase） and CAT （catalase） activity, reduced the ac- tivity of lipoxygenase （LOX）, a product of lipid peroxidatlon in membranes, and in- hibited ethylene biosynthesis, thus delaying the aging process and prolonging the storage life of papaya fruits. [Conclusion] The results will provide a theoretical basis for analvzina the key factors controllinq postharvest maturity and aging of papaya fruits.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31772024)。
文摘To investigate the roles of Harvista(a sprayable 1-methylcyclopropene,1-MCP,available component is 150 g·hm^(-2))and Ethephon(1 mL·L^(-1))applied at preharvest in apple(Malus domestica Borkh.'Golden Delicious')fruit cuticular wax biosynthesis,the expression of genes related to fruit cuticular wax biosynthesis and ethylene biosynthesis and signaling,ethylene production rate,respiration rate,wax constituents and structure,and fruit quality were determined at harvest and during cold storage.The results showed that 1-MCP inhibited the expression levels of ethylene biosynthesis and signaling-related genes,decreased fruit ethylene production,and inhibited the expression of Md LACS1,Md CER6,Md CER4 and Md WSD1,which resulted in decreases in alcohols,acids,and esters content in fruit cuticular wax.1-MCP also reduced fruit dropping rate from 17.17%to 12%;maintained fruit firmness,soluble solids,titratable acidity during cold storage;showed about as one fifth in the total length and one third in the widest width of wax crack as that in control at harvest.In contrast,Ethephon produced the opposite effects.In conclusion,1-MCP inhibited fruit ethylene biosynthesis and signaling,and influenced fruit cuticular wax biosynthesis.Thus,the fruit cuticular wax constituents and structure was altered,and the fruit quality were maintained at harvest and during cold storage.The results provide a new technology for improving apple fruit harvest and postharvest quality by preharvest application of sprayable 1-MCP.
文摘The inclusion-complex of CD-MCP （β-cyclodextrin （β-CD） including 1-methylcyclopropene （1-MCP）） was prepared and characterized. Basing on programmed-heating procedure and weight-temperature analysis, as well as the application of Satava-Sestak＇s, Ozawa＇s and Kissinger＇s methods, the mechanism and kinetics of thermal dissociation of this inclusion complex were studied. An additional mass loss is found at 170-180℃. The mechanism of thermal dissociation of CD-MCP is dominated by a one-dimensional random nucleation and subsequent growth process （A2/3）. The activation energy Es and the pre-exponential factor AS for the process are 102.14 kJ/mol and 3.63×10^10s^-1, respectively. This ES value shows that there is no strong chemical intere, ctions between β-CD and 1-MC;P,
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No.2021R1A2C2008951)。
文摘Floral senescence or petal abscission that determine cut flower quality and longevity are primarily caused by the regulation of endogenous ethylene and perception of endogenous and exogenous ethylene in floral organs(such as the petals and gynoecium),in ethylene-sensitive species.Several attempts have been made to prolong flower quality and longevity using silver ions and other chemicals that inhibit ethylene production and perception in floral organs.Among the available compounds,1-methylcyclopropene(1-MCP)has been increasingly used as ethylene-action/perception inhibitor because of its ability to inhibit ethylene action/perception and it is environmentally safe.Although 1-MCP has been used in several cut flower crops for about 25 years,there has been no review yet that critically emphasizes the benefits or difficulties of using this compound for the prolongation of cut flower quality and longevity.Here,we outline the role of 1-MCP in inhibiting ethylene action/perception and petal senescence in cut flowers through the blocking of receptor binding sites,and we discuss how various factors affecting efficacy of 1-MCP(such as concentration,treatment time and temperature,genotype,and flower stage)are involved in the achievement of flower longevity.Moreover,we highlight the advantages of applying nonvolatile and liquid 1-MCP formulation types,as opposed to using the conventional 1-MCP treatment(powder formulation type).We expect that this review will provide useful information for the future utilization of 1-MCP for the maintenance of cut flower longevity.
文摘The cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) crop experiences high temperatures during flowering and boll development, but information regarding the impact of ethylene inhibition and high temperature on early boll development is limited. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of high temperature and the anti-ethylene compound 1-methylcy-cloprone (1-MCP) on G. hirsutum boll development. Treatments consisted of temperature regime (38/20?C and 30/ 20?C), 1-MCP treatment, and days past anthesis (DPA). High temperature decreased ethylene synthesis by 61% at 2 DPA, and 1-MCP caused a 40% decrease in ethylene production at 1 DPA. Glutathione reductase activity increased under high temperature, whereas superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) and membrane peroxidation (malondialdehyde content) remained unchanged. 1-MCP treatment did not affect GR activity in developing bolls. High temperature and 1-MCP treatment increased the weight of cotton bolls collected 8 DPA with an increase of 0.7 and 1 g, respectively. We propose that increased GR activity in bolls exposed to high temperature may mitigate oxidative damage. Additionally, we conclude that ethylene inhibition (either high temperature or 1-MCP-induced) immediately after flowering (1 or 2 DPA) could potentially have positive impacts on early boll growth.
基金Supported by Applied Basic Research Project of Suzhou City(SYN201405)
文摘Objectives] This study was conducted to investigate the regulatory mechanism of ethylene on DpXTH gene expression in dahlia （ Dahlia pinnata Cav.） flower petals.[Methods] Dahlia flower petals were treated with ethephon （ETH） and 1-methylcyclopropene （1-MCP） at different flower development stages and for different durations in vivo . Then, the relative expression of DpXTH1 and DpXTH2 in flower samples in different treatments was quantified with real-time PCR, using β-actin as a reference gene.[Results] The expression of DpXTH1 and DpXTH2 in ETH- or 1-MCP-treated dahlia flower petals increased at first, and decreased subsequently with increasing duration of treatment. The relative expression of both DpXTH1 and DpXTH2 in ETH-treated samples reached the maximum level at 12 h. Moreover, the relative expression of both DpXTH1 and DpXTH2 in dahlia flower petals treated with ETH at early stage of flowering was higher than that of the samples treated at other flowering stages; in 1-MCP-treated samples, it was higher at full-flowering stage than at other stages. The maximum relative expression levels of DpXTH1 and DpXTH2 in ETH- and 1-MCP-treated samples were all higher than those of control.[Conclusions] Exogenous ethylene can accelerate the opening of dahlia flowers, and 1-MCP can inhibit this process, so they can be used to regulate development of dahlia flowers.
基金Supported by National Tropical Crop Germplasm Resource Platform Construction Project(2014-073)
文摘With papaya fruit （ Carica papaya ） as an experimental material, variations of its physiological indices were investigated through hypobaric hypoxia （HH, 10 kPa, 1.5 kPa O 2） treatment followed by fumigation with 1-methylcyclopropene （1-MCP）, so as to discuss the effect of interaction between 1-MCP and internal ethylene on ripening of papaya fruit during postharvest storage. The results indicated that HH treatment significantly reduced internal ethylene concentration （IEC） by 57.6%. However, there were no remarkable differences in other physiological indices between various treatments and control （CK）. The 1-MCP and HH＋1-MCP treatments could significant postpone the softening process and color change of papaya fruit. The two treatments achieved the effects of significantly inhibiting the occurrence of fruit disease and the increase of pericarp cell membrane permeability, effectively delaying the variation of soluble solid and Vc contents, and better maintaining soluble solid and Vc contents in fruit, thereby better keeping nutritional substances and flavor quality in fruit in later storage period and prolonging the storage time of fruit.
文摘The effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on postharvest quality of Zizania latifolia during storage at 25˚C were investigated. The results pointed out that a postharvest application of 1-MCP maintained the good visual appearance of fresh Z. latifolia, inhibited browning, mildew and weight loss at the bottom of Z. latifolia, and there is no significant changes on L, a*, b* and ΔE during the whole storage period. In addition, 1-MCP treatment inhibited the respiratory intensity of Z. latifolia during the first three days of storage, but it was significantly higher than that of the control on the sixth day of storage. Compared with the control, 1-MCP treatment maintained relatively high SOD, CAT, APX activities and low PAL, POD, PLD, lipase and LOX activities, delayed the decline of AsA content, reduced the accumulation of O<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and MDA, and ultimately maintained the integrity of cell structure and delayed the senescence of Z. latifolia. In addition, positive effects of 1-MCP on maintaining the cell structure integrity were observed in this investigation throughout the storage period at 25˚C.
基金supported by the emarked fund for the China Agriculture Research System for National Technology System for Pear Industry(CARS-28-22)the Innovation Project of Modern Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Hebei Province,China(494-0402-YSN-C8RA)+1 种基金the Youth Fund of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,China(A2015110106)the Finance Special Foundation of Hebei Province,China(494-0402-YBN-0G4L)
文摘The Yali pear（Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.） is susceptible to superficial scald during prolonged cold storage and at shelf life. This study investigated the effects of 1-methylcyclopropene（1-MCP） and modified atmosphere packaging（MAP） on changes of fruit quality and superficial scald during cold storage and at shelf life in Yali pear. Compared with MAP, the combination of MAP and 1-MCP（MAP＋1-MCP） treatment reduced the carbon dioxide and ethylene content inside the packaging bag. The 1-MCP, MAP, and MAP＋1-MCP treatments reduced the superficial scald index, malondialdehyde content, O2^-· production rate and relative conductivity and inhibited the accumulation of α-farnesene and conjugated trienes in the peel. 1-MCP and MAP＋1-MCP treatments maintained a higher phenolic content and enhanced the catalase and superoxide dismutase activities in the fruit, while reduced activities of lipoxygenase and polyphenol oxidase in the peel preceding the onset of superficial scald. Comprehensive analysis indicated that the MAP＋1-MCP treatment is the most effective method tested for improving the quality of Yali pears during cold storage and at shelf life.
基金supported by the Earmarked Fund for Modern Pear-Industry Technology Research System of China (nycytx-29-19)
文摘Studies were conducted over the effects of 1-methylcycolpropene （1-MCP） treatment on postharvest life of Suli pears （Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.） stored at room and cold temperatures on nitric oxide （NO）,nitric oxide synthase （NOS） activity,and hydrogen dioxide （H2O2）.Results showed that the 1-MCP treatment had little effect on total soluble solids （TSS） at both room and cold temperatures.1-MCP delayed softening of Suli pear fruits,decreased respiratory rate and H2O2 accumulation,and increased NO and NOS activity at room temperature storage,while the effect of cold temperature storage was relatively inferior.There was a significant positive correlation between NOS activity and NO content.It is concluded that 1-MCP had effects on endogenous NO content and accumulation of H2O2.Similarly,H2O2 acting as a signaling molecule via regulating NO level affects the ripening and senescence of Suli pears.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30170662, 30771756)
文摘The regulation of postharvest treatment with propylene and 1-MCP on ethylene release rate and expressions of 1- aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid synthase （ACS） and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase （ACO） genes in Fuping Janshi persimmon （Diospyros kaki L.） fruit were investigated. Fruits were treated with propylene and 1-MCP, then stored at 20℃, ethylene release rate of the treated fruits was measured at regular intervals and RNA was extracted for Northern blotting analysis. The results suggested that treatment with propylene accelerated the expressions of ACS and ACO genes and then enhanced the ethylene biosynthesis, while treatment with 1-MCP inhibited the expressions of two genes and their ethylene biosynthesis. Furthermore, different effects on expressions caused by treatments with propylene and 1-MCP existed in various fruit tissues, the inhibitory effect on ACS and ACO genes by 1-MCP was the strongest in pericarp, followed by pulp and core tissues, in the area near fruit stalk, the inhibitory effect was the weakest. While the enhanced effect on ACS and ACO genes by propylene increased from pulp, core, and pericarp to the area near fruit stalk. Expression of each member of ACS and ACO families in various tissues was also completely different, in control and propylene treatment, DKACS3 gene just expressed in the area near fruit stalk and did not express in other tissues, but DKACS2 gene expressed in four tissues by treatment with propylene.
基金This study was supported by the Project of Finance Department of Fujian Province in China(KLe16H01A,KLe16002A)the Science and Technology Innovation Foundation at Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University of China(CXZX2016086,KF2015051).
文摘Objectives:The aim of this work was to analyse the effects of 1-methylcyclopropene(1-MCP)treatment on the metabolisms of membrane lipids in postharvest Anxi persimmons during storage.Materials and methods:Anxi persimmon(Diospyros kaki L.f.cv.Anxi)fruits were treated by paper containing 1-MCP with a concentration of 1.35μl/l.The cellular membrane permeability was analysed by the electric conductivity meter.The activities of lipoxygenase(LOX),phospholipase(PLD)and lipase were determined by spectrophotometry.The component and relative amounts of membrane fatty acids were determined using gas chromatograph(GC).Results:The 1-MCP-treated Anxi persimmons manifested a lower electrolyte leakage rate,lower LOX,PLD and lipase activities,higher levels of unsaturated fatty acids(USFAs),higher ratio of USFAs to saturated fatty acids(SFAs)(U/S),higher index of USFAs(IUFA),but lower levels of SFAs.Conclusions:The degradation and the metabolisms of membrane lipids could be suppressed by 1-MCP treatment,which might be accountable for the delaying softening of postharvest Anxi persimmons during storage.
基金funded by the Science and Technology Project of Finance Department of Fujian Province,China(KLe16002A,KLe16H01A).
文摘Objectives:The purpose of this work was to evaluate the potential application of papers containing 1-methylcyclopropene(1-MCP)postharvest treatment for suppressing fruit decay of fresh Anxi persimmons and its possible mechanism.Materials and methods:Anxi persimmon fruit were treated with papers containing 1-MCP at the dosage of 1.35μL/L and stored at(25±1)℃and 85 per cent relative humidity for 35 days.During storage,the fruit decay rate and lignin content were evaluated,and the content of total phenolics,the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase(PAL),polyphenol oxidase(PPO),peroxidase(POD),chitinase(CHI),and p-1,3-glucanase(GLU)were determined by spectrophotometry.Results:The 1-MCP-treated persimmons displayed a lower fruit decay rate,but higher contents of lignin and total phenolics,higher activities of PAL,PPO,POD,CHI,and GLU.Conclusions:The treatment with 1-MCP could inhibit the fruit decay of postharvest Anxi persimmons,which might be because 1-MCP enhanced fruit disease resistance by increasing the activities of disease resistance-associated enzymes and retaining higher contents of disease resistance-related substances in postharvest fresh Anxi persimmons.These findings indicate that papers containing 1-MCP at the dosage of 1.35μL/L have potential application in suppressing fruit decay and extending storage life of postharvest fresh Anxi persimmons.
基金financial support provided by the Research and demonstration of Fig Safe and Efficient Preservation Key Technology(Grant No.SXLK2021-0238).
文摘The perishable and short shelf-life characteristics of figs result in nutrient loss and fruit waste.The application of 1-methylcyclopropene(1-MCP)and modified atmosphere packaging(MAP)is effective strategy for fruit pres-ervation.In this study,1-MCP and MAP were employed to inhibit figs decay and postharvest senescence during storage.Three treatments were evaluated,including the COM(untreated in commercial packaging),MAP(sealed in 4081 mL/m^(2)·d·atm oxygen permeability bags),and treatment with 1-MCP and MAP(treated with 1.5μL/L 1-MCP and sealed in 4081 mL/m^(2)·d·atm oxygen permeability bags).Each treatment consisted of three replicates with 72 figs per replicate.Results indicated that treatment with 1-MCP and MAP inhibited fig decay,softening,and weight loss significantly,and changes in O_(2)and CO_(2)partial pressures.1-MCP and MAP also effectively retained the higher contents of total phenol,total flavonoid,ascorbic acid and glutathione in figs,and increased activities of ascorbate peroxidase,peroxidase,superoxide dismutase and catalase.The production of superoxide anion(O_(2)^(-)·),and hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))in figs was prevented,and color were retained in 1-MCP and MAP treatment.Moreover,the analysis of volatile components indicated that 1-MCP and MAP improved the flavor of figs during storage and reduced the loss of aroma compounds in figs.Therefore,treatment with 1-MCP and MAP significantly extended storage life of figs.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0400901)the 2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural University(1061-00109019).
文摘In this study,integrative metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses were conducted to investigate the effects of 1-methylcyclopropene(1-MCP)on apple fruit quality during long-term cold storage.The results showed that 1-MCP(1μL/L)treatment could maintain fruits apparent quality(i.e.external color and firmness),inhibit the increase of rot rate and soluble solids content/titratable acidity ratio,decrease ethylene release,and respiratory intensity during cold storage,and extend shelf life.Moreover,1-MCP had long-term effects on the accumulation of many qualities related to metabolite and gene expression in fruits.1-MCP affected genes related to metabolism at the early stage of storage,specifically those of the glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle pathways.Genes related to the degradation of sucrose,starch,and cellulose were inhibited,and some starch and cellulose synthesis genes were up-regulated by 1-MCP.Apart from ethylene synthesis and signal transduction being inhibited by 1-MCP,several enzymes(pectinesterase,pectate lyase,polygalacturonase)were involved in pectin degradation,and degradation products of the cell wall(i.e.D-galacturonic acid and D-glucuronic acid)were also strongly inhibited,further maintaining fruit firmness.Cysteine,as precursor glutathione(GSH)related to plant resistance,up-regulated the synthase gene.However,the expression of genes related to cyanoalanine syn-thase and amino acid utilization pathways was suppressed by 1-MCP Collectively,1-MCP could maintain the postharvest quality of apple fruits.
