近10年,表观遗传调控作为一种新策略被引入到针刺治疗中,但针刺治疗支气管哮喘的表观遗传学机制尚不明确。文章于Web of Science数据库及知网数据库中搜集、总结大量有关针刺、支气管哮喘、表观遗传学的文献后,发现DNA甲基化、微小核糖...近10年,表观遗传调控作为一种新策略被引入到针刺治疗中,但针刺治疗支气管哮喘的表观遗传学机制尚不明确。文章于Web of Science数据库及知网数据库中搜集、总结大量有关针刺、支气管哮喘、表观遗传学的文献后,发现DNA甲基化、微小核糖核苷酸(miRNAs)调节机制在支气管哮喘发病和针刺治疗中具有重要意义。文章探讨针刺治疗支气管哮喘的表观遗传学机制,同时揭露其研究中的空白和缺陷,为后续的机制研究和临床运用提供新启示。展开更多
多囊卵巢综合征(polycystic ovary syndrome, PCOS)是育龄妇女中最常见的内分泌疾病。尽管它的发生率很高,也被认为是无排卵性不孕症的主要原因,但人们对这种综合征知之甚少,并且仍然未得到充分诊断与治疗,致使女性患者的治疗方案研究...多囊卵巢综合征(polycystic ovary syndrome, PCOS)是育龄妇女中最常见的内分泌疾病。尽管它的发生率很高,也被认为是无排卵性不孕症的主要原因,但人们对这种综合征知之甚少,并且仍然未得到充分诊断与治疗,致使女性患者的治疗方案研究进展缓慢。这种复杂疾病的异质性是遗传、环境、内分泌和行为因素共同发生的结果。通常与卵巢增大和功能失调、雄激素水平过高、胰岛素抵抗等有关。目前来说,没有单一的病因学因素可以完全解释PCOS的发病机制,大多证据表明PCOS是一种复杂的多因素疾病,且具有高度的遗传性。而表观遗传是指基因组和基因表达的可遗传改变,但DNA序列没有发生任何变化,表观遗传包括DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰(乙酰化、磷酸化、甲基化等)和非编码RNA (ncRNA)含量的变化。现有研究表明表观遗传学,尤其是DNA甲基化,在PCOS的发病机制中起关键作用。Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder among women of childbearing age. Despite its high incidence and being considered the main cause of anovulatory infertility, the syndrome is still poorly understood and remains underdiagnosed and undertreated, leading to slow progress in the research of treatment options for female patients. The heterogeneity of this complex disease is the result of a combination of genetic, environmental, endocrine, and behavioral factors. It is commonly associated with enlarged and dysfunctional ovaries, elevated levels of androgens, and insulin resistance. At present, there is no single etiological factor that can fully explain the pathogenesis of PCOS. Most evidence suggests that PCOS is a complex multifactorial disease with a high degree of heritability. Epigenetics refers to heritable changes in genome and gene expression without any alterations in DNA sequence. Epigenetics includes changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications (acetylation, phosphorylation, methylation, etc.), and non coding RNA (ncRNA) content. Existing research suggests that epigenetics, particularly DNA methylation, plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of PCOS.展开更多
尽管随着近年分子遗传学和疾病发病机制的深入研究,干细胞移植、免疫治疗、靶向治疗以及单克隆抗体等新的治疗手段不断出现,急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)的治愈率和生存率有了显著改善,但是复发/难治性ALL的治疗仍是难点。了解ALL的潜在发...尽管随着近年分子遗传学和疾病发病机制的深入研究,干细胞移植、免疫治疗、靶向治疗以及单克隆抗体等新的治疗手段不断出现,急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)的治愈率和生存率有了显著改善,但是复发/难治性ALL的治疗仍是难点。了解ALL的潜在发病机制,特别是相关的表观遗传改变,对开发有前景的治疗策略具有重要意义。本综述重点关注ALL中的表观遗传改变,包括DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰和miRNA改变,期望可以为ALL的个体化治疗和精确治疗提供新的思路。Although new treatment methods such as stem cell transplantation, immunotherapy, targeted therapy and monoclonal antibodies have emerged in recent years with in-depth research on molecular genetics and disease pathogenesis, the cure rate and survival rate of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have significantly improved. However, the treatment of relapsed/refractory ALL is still a difficult problem. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of ALL, especially the related epigenetic alterations, is of great significance for developing promising treatment strategies. This review mainly focuses on epigenetic changes in ALL, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and miRNA alterations, with the aim of providing new ideas for individualized and precise treatment of ALL.展开更多
文摘近10年,表观遗传调控作为一种新策略被引入到针刺治疗中,但针刺治疗支气管哮喘的表观遗传学机制尚不明确。文章于Web of Science数据库及知网数据库中搜集、总结大量有关针刺、支气管哮喘、表观遗传学的文献后,发现DNA甲基化、微小核糖核苷酸(miRNAs)调节机制在支气管哮喘发病和针刺治疗中具有重要意义。文章探讨针刺治疗支气管哮喘的表观遗传学机制,同时揭露其研究中的空白和缺陷,为后续的机制研究和临床运用提供新启示。
文摘多囊卵巢综合征(polycystic ovary syndrome, PCOS)是育龄妇女中最常见的内分泌疾病。尽管它的发生率很高,也被认为是无排卵性不孕症的主要原因,但人们对这种综合征知之甚少,并且仍然未得到充分诊断与治疗,致使女性患者的治疗方案研究进展缓慢。这种复杂疾病的异质性是遗传、环境、内分泌和行为因素共同发生的结果。通常与卵巢增大和功能失调、雄激素水平过高、胰岛素抵抗等有关。目前来说,没有单一的病因学因素可以完全解释PCOS的发病机制,大多证据表明PCOS是一种复杂的多因素疾病,且具有高度的遗传性。而表观遗传是指基因组和基因表达的可遗传改变,但DNA序列没有发生任何变化,表观遗传包括DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰(乙酰化、磷酸化、甲基化等)和非编码RNA (ncRNA)含量的变化。现有研究表明表观遗传学,尤其是DNA甲基化,在PCOS的发病机制中起关键作用。Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder among women of childbearing age. Despite its high incidence and being considered the main cause of anovulatory infertility, the syndrome is still poorly understood and remains underdiagnosed and undertreated, leading to slow progress in the research of treatment options for female patients. The heterogeneity of this complex disease is the result of a combination of genetic, environmental, endocrine, and behavioral factors. It is commonly associated with enlarged and dysfunctional ovaries, elevated levels of androgens, and insulin resistance. At present, there is no single etiological factor that can fully explain the pathogenesis of PCOS. Most evidence suggests that PCOS is a complex multifactorial disease with a high degree of heritability. Epigenetics refers to heritable changes in genome and gene expression without any alterations in DNA sequence. Epigenetics includes changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications (acetylation, phosphorylation, methylation, etc.), and non coding RNA (ncRNA) content. Existing research suggests that epigenetics, particularly DNA methylation, plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of PCOS.
文摘尽管随着近年分子遗传学和疾病发病机制的深入研究,干细胞移植、免疫治疗、靶向治疗以及单克隆抗体等新的治疗手段不断出现,急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)的治愈率和生存率有了显著改善,但是复发/难治性ALL的治疗仍是难点。了解ALL的潜在发病机制,特别是相关的表观遗传改变,对开发有前景的治疗策略具有重要意义。本综述重点关注ALL中的表观遗传改变,包括DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰和miRNA改变,期望可以为ALL的个体化治疗和精确治疗提供新的思路。Although new treatment methods such as stem cell transplantation, immunotherapy, targeted therapy and monoclonal antibodies have emerged in recent years with in-depth research on molecular genetics and disease pathogenesis, the cure rate and survival rate of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have significantly improved. However, the treatment of relapsed/refractory ALL is still a difficult problem. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of ALL, especially the related epigenetic alterations, is of great significance for developing promising treatment strategies. This review mainly focuses on epigenetic changes in ALL, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and miRNA alterations, with the aim of providing new ideas for individualized and precise treatment of ALL.
