Brain edema leading to an expansion of brain volume has a crucial impact on morbidity and mortality following traumatic brain injury as it increases intracranial pressure, impairs cerebral perfusion and oxygenation, a...Brain edema leading to an expansion of brain volume has a crucial impact on morbidity and mortality following traumatic brain injury as it increases intracranial pressure, impairs cerebral perfusion and oxygenation, and contributes to additional ischemic injuries. Classically, two major types of traumatic brain edema exist： ＂vasogenic＂ and ＂cytotoxic/cellular＂. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms contributing to the development/resolution of traumatic brain edema are poorly understood and no effective drugs can be used now. Aquaporin-4 （AQP4） is a water-channel protein expressed strongly in the brain, predominantly in astrocyte foot processes at the borders between the brain parenchyma and major fluid compartments,including cerebrospinal fluid and blood. This distribution suggests that AQP4 controls water fluxes into and out of the brain parenchyma. In cytotoxic edema, AQP4 deletion slows the rate of water entry into brain, whereas in vasogenic edema, AQP4 deletion reduces the rate of water outflow from brain parenchyma. AQP4 has been proposed as a novel drug target in brain edema. These findings suggest that modulation of AQP4 expression or function may be beneficial in traumatic brain edema.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the preventing and treating action of Liuweidihuang pill(LP) and Jinkuishenqi pill(JP) on spontaneous breast carcinoma in mice.METHODS: A model of spontaneous breast carcinoma was derived fro...OBJECTIVE: To investigate the preventing and treating action of Liuweidihuang pill(LP) and Jinkuishenqi pill(JP) on spontaneous breast carcinoma in mice.METHODS: A model of spontaneous breast carcinoma was derived from 11.5-month-old female Kunming breeding mice following the delivery of several litters. The mice were randomly divided into five groups: model control group(C),Liuweidihuang pill high-dose group(LH; 4.6 g·kg1·d1),Liuweidihuang pill low-dose group(LL;2.3 g·kg1·d﹣1),Jinkuishenqi pill high-dose group(JH; 4.6 g·kg﹣1·d1) and Jinkuishenqi pill low-dose group(JL;2.3 g·kg﹣1·d﹣1). Cancer tissue volume was measured by water immersion. Histopathology was analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK) and cyclin D1 protein expression in cancer tissue was assayed by western blotting.RESULTS: Compared with the control group,cancer tissue volume and weight were lower in the LP and JP groups,and survival time was longer. The expression of VEGF,ERK and Cyclin D1 were inhibited in the LP and JP groups(P < 0.05),and cell differentiation was increased. Tumor weights and volumes and VEGF,ERK and Cyclin D1 expression in LL or LH were significantly lower than in JL and JH(P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: Both LP and JP could restrain cancer growth and promote cancer cell differentiation;moreover,LP was more effective than JP The likely mechanism of action was via inhibition of VEGF,ERK and cyclin D1.展开更多
文摘Brain edema leading to an expansion of brain volume has a crucial impact on morbidity and mortality following traumatic brain injury as it increases intracranial pressure, impairs cerebral perfusion and oxygenation, and contributes to additional ischemic injuries. Classically, two major types of traumatic brain edema exist： ＂vasogenic＂ and ＂cytotoxic/cellular＂. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms contributing to the development/resolution of traumatic brain edema are poorly understood and no effective drugs can be used now. Aquaporin-4 （AQP4） is a water-channel protein expressed strongly in the brain, predominantly in astrocyte foot processes at the borders between the brain parenchyma and major fluid compartments,including cerebrospinal fluid and blood. This distribution suggests that AQP4 controls water fluxes into and out of the brain parenchyma. In cytotoxic edema, AQP4 deletion slows the rate of water entry into brain, whereas in vasogenic edema, AQP4 deletion reduces the rate of water outflow from brain parenchyma. AQP4 has been proposed as a novel drug target in brain edema. These findings suggest that modulation of AQP4 expression or function may be beneficial in traumatic brain edema.
基金Supported by Chinese National Natural Science Foundation(a New Approach to the Formation of Anti-Tumor Formation of Compound Target of Chinese Herbal Compound by Bayesian Model,No.81160531)Jiangxi Natural Science Foundation(Biological Features of a New Type of Spontaneous Breast Cancer Tumor,No.20114 BAB205051)Jiangxi Department of Education(the Mechanism of Liuweididhuang Wan for Preventing and Treating Spontaneous Breast Cancer,No.GJJ10528)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To investigate the preventing and treating action of Liuweidihuang pill(LP) and Jinkuishenqi pill(JP) on spontaneous breast carcinoma in mice.METHODS: A model of spontaneous breast carcinoma was derived from 11.5-month-old female Kunming breeding mice following the delivery of several litters. The mice were randomly divided into five groups: model control group(C),Liuweidihuang pill high-dose group(LH; 4.6 g·kg1·d1),Liuweidihuang pill low-dose group(LL;2.3 g·kg1·d﹣1),Jinkuishenqi pill high-dose group(JH; 4.6 g·kg﹣1·d1) and Jinkuishenqi pill low-dose group(JL;2.3 g·kg﹣1·d﹣1). Cancer tissue volume was measured by water immersion. Histopathology was analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK) and cyclin D1 protein expression in cancer tissue was assayed by western blotting.RESULTS: Compared with the control group,cancer tissue volume and weight were lower in the LP and JP groups,and survival time was longer. The expression of VEGF,ERK and Cyclin D1 were inhibited in the LP and JP groups(P < 0.05),and cell differentiation was increased. Tumor weights and volumes and VEGF,ERK and Cyclin D1 expression in LL or LH were significantly lower than in JL and JH(P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: Both LP and JP could restrain cancer growth and promote cancer cell differentiation;moreover,LP was more effective than JP The likely mechanism of action was via inhibition of VEGF,ERK and cyclin D1.
