Given the limited spontaneous repair that follows cartilage injury, demand is growing for tissue engi- neering approaches for cartilage regeneration. There are two major applications for tissue-engineered cartilage. O...Given the limited spontaneous repair that follows cartilage injury, demand is growing for tissue engi- neering approaches for cartilage regeneration. There are two major applications for tissue-engineered cartilage. One is in orthopedic surgery, in which the engineered cartilage is usually used to repair cartilage defects or loss in an articular joint or meniscus in order to restore the joint function. The other is for head and neck reconstruction, in which the engineered cartilage is usually applied to repair cartilage defects or loss in an auricle, trachea, nose, larynx, or eyelid. The challenges faced by the engineered car- tilage for one application are quite different from those faced by the engineered cartilage for the other application. As a result, the emphases of the engineering strategies to generate cartilage are usually quite different for each application. The statuses of preclinical animal investigations and of the clinical translation of engineered cartilage are also at different levels for each application. The aim of this review is to provide an opinion piece on the challenges, current developments, and future directions for cartilage engineering for both applications.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the osteocompatibility of D, L-polylactic/hydroxyapatite/decalcifying bone matrix (PDLLA/HA/DBM), and compare with PDLLA and DBM. Methods: Human primary osteoblasts isolated from the femoral hea...Objective: To evaluate the osteocompatibility of D, L-polylactic/hydroxyapatite/decalcifying bone matrix (PDLLA/HA/DBM), and compare with PDLLA and DBM. Methods: Human primary osteoblasts isolated from the femoral head of patients were inoculated onto PDLLA/HA/DBM, PLA and DBM respectively. The proliferation rate and collagen Ⅰ expression were detected. The interface between biomaterial and osteoblasts was investigated with phase contrast microscopy and electron scanning microscopy. Results: Best proliferation rate was observed with the PDLLA/HA/DBM and followed by DBM and PLA, suggesting that PDLLA/HA/DBM satisfying most requirements for the cultivation of human osteoblasts. Scanning electron microscopy showed the morphology of osteoblasts was correlated with the proliferation data. The cells, well spread and flattened, were attached closely on the surface of biomaterial with an arched structure and had normal morphology. The extracellular collagenous matrixs covered the surface of biomaterial and packed the granules of biomaterial. Conclusion: PDLLA/HA/DBM can form osteointerface early and have a good biocompability.展开更多
As an open standard of data representation,XML breathes new energy to the Web application and the network computing.The development,advantage and status of XML and some standards relating to XML are reviewed.In additi...As an open standard of data representation,XML breathes new energy to the Web application and the network computing.The development,advantage and status of XML and some standards relating to XML are reviewed.In addition,the authors put forward a method representing logging data and using UML language to establish the conceptual and logical model of logging data;using a logging data,explain how to establish the model as well as how to use XML to display and process geology data.展开更多
Managing a large-scale distributed engineering project needs skilled, motivated and committed personnel. Unified and aligned working methods are needed. Project alignment is the process of ensuring that key stakeholde...Managing a large-scale distributed engineering project needs skilled, motivated and committed personnel. Unified and aligned working methods are needed. Project alignment is the process of ensuring that key stakeholders share a common understanding of the project mission, goals, objectives, tactics, work processes and plans and have the required competences and skills. Based on current advances in the area of collaborative networked organizations, project management and Internet web 2.0 technologies, the authors have identified further needs and opportunities for development in the area of Collaborative Project Management. The Project Alignment Booster is a set of software services used to promote collaborative project management. The tool has been developed to suit industrial requirements in the area of large and complicated engineering project management, The paper reports the results of developing a toolkit to support collaborative project alignment.展开更多
Objective： In our previous work, we prepared a type of chitosan hydrogel with excellent biocompatibility. In this study, tissue-engineered cartilage constructed with this chitosan hydrogel and costal chondrocytes was...Objective： In our previous work, we prepared a type of chitosan hydrogel with excellent biocompatibility. In this study, tissue-engineered cartilage constructed with this chitosan hydrogel and costal chondrocytes was used to repair the articular cartilage defects. Methods： Chitosan hydrogels were prepared with a crosslinker formed by combining 1,6-diisocyanatohexane and polyethylene glycol. Chitosan hydrogel scaffold was seeded with rabbit chondrocytes that had been cultured for one week in vitro to form the preliminary tissue-engineered cartilage. This preliminary tissue-engineered cartilage was then transplanted into the defective rabbit articular cartilage. There were three treatment groups： the experimental group received preliminary tissue-engineered cartilage; the blank group received pure chitosan hydrogels; and, the control group had received no implantation. The knee joints were harvested at predetermined time. The repaired cartilage was analyzed through gross morphology, histologically and immunohistochemically. The repairs were scored according to the international cartilage repair society （ICRS） standard. Results： The gross morphology results suggested that the defects were repaired completely in the experimental group after twelve weeks. The regenerated tissue connected closely with subchondral bone and the boundary with normal tissue was fuzzy. The cartilage lacuna in the regenerated tissue was similar to normal cartilage lacuna. The results of ICRS gross and histological grading showed that there were significant differences among the three groups （P〈0.05）. Conclusions： Chondrocytes implanted in the scaffold can adhere, proliferate, and secrete extracellular matrix. The novel tissue-engineered cartilage constructed in our research can completely repair the structure of damaged articular cartilage.展开更多
文摘Given the limited spontaneous repair that follows cartilage injury, demand is growing for tissue engi- neering approaches for cartilage regeneration. There are two major applications for tissue-engineered cartilage. One is in orthopedic surgery, in which the engineered cartilage is usually used to repair cartilage defects or loss in an articular joint or meniscus in order to restore the joint function. The other is for head and neck reconstruction, in which the engineered cartilage is usually applied to repair cartilage defects or loss in an auricle, trachea, nose, larynx, or eyelid. The challenges faced by the engineered car- tilage for one application are quite different from those faced by the engineered cartilage for the other application. As a result, the emphases of the engineering strategies to generate cartilage are usually quite different for each application. The statuses of preclinical animal investigations and of the clinical translation of engineered cartilage are also at different levels for each application. The aim of this review is to provide an opinion piece on the challenges, current developments, and future directions for cartilage engineering for both applications.
文摘Objective: To evaluate the osteocompatibility of D, L-polylactic/hydroxyapatite/decalcifying bone matrix (PDLLA/HA/DBM), and compare with PDLLA and DBM. Methods: Human primary osteoblasts isolated from the femoral head of patients were inoculated onto PDLLA/HA/DBM, PLA and DBM respectively. The proliferation rate and collagen Ⅰ expression were detected. The interface between biomaterial and osteoblasts was investigated with phase contrast microscopy and electron scanning microscopy. Results: Best proliferation rate was observed with the PDLLA/HA/DBM and followed by DBM and PLA, suggesting that PDLLA/HA/DBM satisfying most requirements for the cultivation of human osteoblasts. Scanning electron microscopy showed the morphology of osteoblasts was correlated with the proliferation data. The cells, well spread and flattened, were attached closely on the surface of biomaterial with an arched structure and had normal morphology. The extracellular collagenous matrixs covered the surface of biomaterial and packed the granules of biomaterial. Conclusion: PDLLA/HA/DBM can form osteointerface early and have a good biocompability.
基金Supported by National Oil-gas Project:No XQ-2004-07
文摘As an open standard of data representation,XML breathes new energy to the Web application and the network computing.The development,advantage and status of XML and some standards relating to XML are reviewed.In addition,the authors put forward a method representing logging data and using UML language to establish the conceptual and logical model of logging data;using a logging data,explain how to establish the model as well as how to use XML to display and process geology data.
文摘Managing a large-scale distributed engineering project needs skilled, motivated and committed personnel. Unified and aligned working methods are needed. Project alignment is the process of ensuring that key stakeholders share a common understanding of the project mission, goals, objectives, tactics, work processes and plans and have the required competences and skills. Based on current advances in the area of collaborative networked organizations, project management and Internet web 2.0 technologies, the authors have identified further needs and opportunities for development in the area of Collaborative Project Management. The Project Alignment Booster is a set of software services used to promote collaborative project management. The tool has been developed to suit industrial requirements in the area of large and complicated engineering project management, The paper reports the results of developing a toolkit to support collaborative project alignment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81171472,81201407,and 81071270)the Innovation Team Project of Sichuan Provincial Education Department(No.13TD0030)+1 种基金the Major Transformation Cultivation Project of Sichuan Provincial Education Department(No.15CZ0021)the Science and Technology Project of Nanchong City(No.14A0021),China
文摘Objective： In our previous work, we prepared a type of chitosan hydrogel with excellent biocompatibility. In this study, tissue-engineered cartilage constructed with this chitosan hydrogel and costal chondrocytes was used to repair the articular cartilage defects. Methods： Chitosan hydrogels were prepared with a crosslinker formed by combining 1,6-diisocyanatohexane and polyethylene glycol. Chitosan hydrogel scaffold was seeded with rabbit chondrocytes that had been cultured for one week in vitro to form the preliminary tissue-engineered cartilage. This preliminary tissue-engineered cartilage was then transplanted into the defective rabbit articular cartilage. There were three treatment groups： the experimental group received preliminary tissue-engineered cartilage; the blank group received pure chitosan hydrogels; and, the control group had received no implantation. The knee joints were harvested at predetermined time. The repaired cartilage was analyzed through gross morphology, histologically and immunohistochemically. The repairs were scored according to the international cartilage repair society （ICRS） standard. Results： The gross morphology results suggested that the defects were repaired completely in the experimental group after twelve weeks. The regenerated tissue connected closely with subchondral bone and the boundary with normal tissue was fuzzy. The cartilage lacuna in the regenerated tissue was similar to normal cartilage lacuna. The results of ICRS gross and histological grading showed that there were significant differences among the three groups （P〈0.05）. Conclusions： Chondrocytes implanted in the scaffold can adhere, proliferate, and secrete extracellular matrix. The novel tissue-engineered cartilage constructed in our research can completely repair the structure of damaged articular cartilage.
