AIM： To investigate the effect of ginkgo biloba extract （EGb 761） on lung injury induced by intestinal ischemia/ reperfusion （ Ⅱ/R）. METHODS： The rat model of Ⅱ/R injury was produced by damping the superior me...AIM： To investigate the effect of ginkgo biloba extract （EGb 761） on lung injury induced by intestinal ischemia/ reperfusion （ Ⅱ/R）. METHODS： The rat model of Ⅱ/R injury was produced by damping the superior mesenteric artery for 60 min followed by reperfusion for 180 min. The rats were randomly allocated into sham, Ⅱ/R, and EGb ＋Ⅱ/R groups. In EGb ＋Ⅱ/R group, EGb 761 （100 mg/kg per day） was given via a gastric tube for 7 consecutive days prior to surgery. Rats in Ⅱ/R and sham groups were treated with equal volumes of the vehicle of EGb 761. Lung injury was assessed by light microscopy, wet-todry lung weight ratio （W/D） and pulmonary permeability index （PPT）. The levels of malondialdehyde （MDA） and nitrite/nitrate （NO2/NO3）, as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and myeloperoxidase （MPO） were examined. Western blot was used to determine the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS）. RESULTS： EGb 761 markedly improved mean arterial pressure and attenuated lung injury, manifested by the improvement of histological changes and significant decreases of pulmonary W/D and PPT （P 〈 0.05 or 0.01）.Moreover, EGb 761 markedly increased SOD activity, reduced MDA levels and MPO activity, and suppressed NO generation accompanied by down-regulation of iNOS expression （P 〈 0.05 or 0.01）. CONCLUSION： The results indicate that EGb 761 has a protective effect on lung injury induced by Ⅱ /R, which may be related to its antioxidant property and suppressions of neutrophil accumulation and iNOS- induced NO generation. EGb 761 seems to be an effective therapeutic agent for critically ill patients with respiratory failure related to Ⅱ/R.展开更多
Prorocentrum micans was cultivated in different media including f/2, f/4, f/8, f/20, f/25, f/50, f/100 and f/200. Results showed that media influence the growth of P. micans. The biomass of P. micans in rich nutrition...Prorocentrum micans was cultivated in different media including f/2, f/4, f/8, f/20, f/25, f/50, f/100 and f/200. Results showed that media influence the growth of P. micans. The biomass of P. micans in rich nutrition medium was much higher than in poor nutrition medium. Nitric oxide can promote or inhibit the growth of P. micans in all media. Nitric oxide at the concentration of 1.4 × 10^- 6 mol L^-1 promoted the growth of P. micans significantly when added only once during the cultivation. When added twice a day, nitric oxide at the concentration of 1.4 × 10^- 9 mol L^-1 promoted the growth of P. micans significantly, while nitric oxide at the concentrations of 1.4 × 10^- 5 mol L ^-1 and 1.4 × 10^- 6 mol L ^-1 inhibited the growth. Therefore, nitric oxide, media and the ways to add nitric oxide influenced the growth of P. micans respectively.展开更多
Excessive amounts of nitrate have accumulated in many soils on the North China Plain due to the large amounts of chemical N fertilizers or manures used in combination with low carbon inputs. We investigated the potent...Excessive amounts of nitrate have accumulated in many soils on the North China Plain due to the large amounts of chemical N fertilizers or manures used in combination with low carbon inputs. We investigated the potential of different carbon substrates added to transform soil nitrate into soil organic N （SON）. A 56-d laboratory incubation experiment using the 15N tracer （K15NO3） technique was carried out to elucidate the proportion of SON derived from accumulated soil nitrate following amendment with glucose or maize straw at controlled soil temperature and moisture. The dynamics and isotopic abundance of mineral N （NO3 and NH4＋） and SON and greenhouse gas （N20 and CO2） emissions during the incubation were investigated. Although carbon amendments markedly stimulated transformation of nitrate to newly formed SON, this was only a substitution effect of the newly formed SON with native SON because SON at the end of the incubation period was not significantly different （P 〉 0.05） from that in control soil without added C. At the end of the incubation period, amendment with glucose, a readily available C source, increased nitrate immobilization by 2.65 times and total N20-N emission by 33.7 times, as compared with maize straw amendment. Moreover, the differences in SON and total N20-N emission between the treatments with glucose and maize straw were significant （P 〈 0.05）. However, the total N20-N emission in the straw treatment was not significantly （P ~ 0.05） greater than that in the control. Straw amendment may be a potential option in agricultural practice for transformation of nitrate N to SON and minimization of N20 emitted as well as restriction of NO3-N leaching.展开更多
基金Supported by grants from the Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Guangdong Province, China, No. 1040066 Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China, No. 05300758 National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30672021
文摘AIM： To investigate the effect of ginkgo biloba extract （EGb 761） on lung injury induced by intestinal ischemia/ reperfusion （ Ⅱ/R）. METHODS： The rat model of Ⅱ/R injury was produced by damping the superior mesenteric artery for 60 min followed by reperfusion for 180 min. The rats were randomly allocated into sham, Ⅱ/R, and EGb ＋Ⅱ/R groups. In EGb ＋Ⅱ/R group, EGb 761 （100 mg/kg per day） was given via a gastric tube for 7 consecutive days prior to surgery. Rats in Ⅱ/R and sham groups were treated with equal volumes of the vehicle of EGb 761. Lung injury was assessed by light microscopy, wet-todry lung weight ratio （W/D） and pulmonary permeability index （PPT）. The levels of malondialdehyde （MDA） and nitrite/nitrate （NO2/NO3）, as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and myeloperoxidase （MPO） were examined. Western blot was used to determine the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS）. RESULTS： EGb 761 markedly improved mean arterial pressure and attenuated lung injury, manifested by the improvement of histological changes and significant decreases of pulmonary W/D and PPT （P 〈 0.05 or 0.01）.Moreover, EGb 761 markedly increased SOD activity, reduced MDA levels and MPO activity, and suppressed NO generation accompanied by down-regulation of iNOS expression （P 〈 0.05 or 0.01）. CONCLUSION： The results indicate that EGb 761 has a protective effect on lung injury induced by Ⅱ /R, which may be related to its antioxidant property and suppressions of neutrophil accumulation and iNOS- induced NO generation. EGb 761 seems to be an effective therapeutic agent for critically ill patients with respiratory failure related to Ⅱ/R.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Nos. 40076020 and 40376022）National Basic Research Priorities Program 973 （No. 2001CB409703 ） the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program for Higher Education （20030423007）.
文摘Prorocentrum micans was cultivated in different media including f/2, f/4, f/8, f/20, f/25, f/50, f/100 and f/200. Results showed that media influence the growth of P. micans. The biomass of P. micans in rich nutrition medium was much higher than in poor nutrition medium. Nitric oxide can promote or inhibit the growth of P. micans in all media. Nitric oxide at the concentration of 1.4 × 10^- 6 mol L^-1 promoted the growth of P. micans significantly when added only once during the cultivation. When added twice a day, nitric oxide at the concentration of 1.4 × 10^- 9 mol L^-1 promoted the growth of P. micans significantly, while nitric oxide at the concentrations of 1.4 × 10^- 5 mol L ^-1 and 1.4 × 10^- 6 mol L ^-1 inhibited the growth. Therefore, nitric oxide, media and the ways to add nitric oxide influenced the growth of P. micans respectively.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Nos.31172033 and 41101277)the National Science Basic Research Program of China(No.2007CB109308)+2 种基金the Foundation of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Ph.D.Work(No.20100008110004)the German Research Foundation (DFG)(No.IRTG 1070)the Innovation Group Grant of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31121062)
文摘Excessive amounts of nitrate have accumulated in many soils on the North China Plain due to the large amounts of chemical N fertilizers or manures used in combination with low carbon inputs. We investigated the potential of different carbon substrates added to transform soil nitrate into soil organic N （SON）. A 56-d laboratory incubation experiment using the 15N tracer （K15NO3） technique was carried out to elucidate the proportion of SON derived from accumulated soil nitrate following amendment with glucose or maize straw at controlled soil temperature and moisture. The dynamics and isotopic abundance of mineral N （NO3 and NH4＋） and SON and greenhouse gas （N20 and CO2） emissions during the incubation were investigated. Although carbon amendments markedly stimulated transformation of nitrate to newly formed SON, this was only a substitution effect of the newly formed SON with native SON because SON at the end of the incubation period was not significantly different （P 〉 0.05） from that in control soil without added C. At the end of the incubation period, amendment with glucose, a readily available C source, increased nitrate immobilization by 2.65 times and total N20-N emission by 33.7 times, as compared with maize straw amendment. Moreover, the differences in SON and total N20-N emission between the treatments with glucose and maize straw were significant （P 〈 0.05）. However, the total N20-N emission in the straw treatment was not significantly （P ~ 0.05） greater than that in the control. Straw amendment may be a potential option in agricultural practice for transformation of nitrate N to SON and minimization of N20 emitted as well as restriction of NO3-N leaching.
