It has been believed that the better optimization can be achieved by tile P＋＋ optimization strategy since the P＋ curve shows a rather shallow maximum. In this paper, the P＋＋ optimization strategy has been verifie...It has been believed that the better optimization can be achieved by tile P＋＋ optimization strategy since the P＋ curve shows a rather shallow maximum. In this paper, the P＋＋ optimization strategy has been verified by evaluating （intensity-modulated radiation therapy, IMRT） plans for a T4 stage NPC patient in the situation where diffieuh compromise has to be made between probabilities for tumor control and normal tissue injuh＇y. The results showed that including the biological objective gEUD into the plan optimization couht decrease the mean dose of OAR. Theoretically, P＋＋ optimization strategy could be helpfnl to find the refined optimization solution for radiation therapy planning. However, in clinical radiotherapy practice, disease situations will form restrictions to use the biological evaluation only. More factors including both physical and biological models should be considered in a planning evaluation process to aehieve a best clinical solution.展开更多
Obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD)represents a heterogeneous collection of diseases with diverse levels of phenotypic,genetic,and etiologic variability,making it difficult to identify the underlying genetic and biolog...Obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD)represents a heterogeneous collection of diseases with diverse levels of phenotypic,genetic,and etiologic variability,making it difficult to identify the underlying genetic and biological mechanisms in humans.Domestic dogs exhibit several OCD-like behaviors.Using continuous circling as a representative phenotype for OCD,we screened two independent dog breeds,the Belgian Malinois and Kunming Dog and subsequently sequenced ten circling dogs and ten unaffected dogs for each breed.Using population differentiation analyses,we identified 11 candidate genes in the extreme tail of the differentiated regions between cases and controls.These genes overlap significantly with genes identified in a genome wide association study(GWAS)of human OCD,indicating strong convergence between humans and dogs.Through gene expressional analysis and functional exploration,we found that two candidate OCD risk genes,PPP2R2B and ADAMTSL3,affected the density and morphology of dendritic spines.Therefore,changes in dendritic spine may underlie some common biological and physiological pathways shared between humans and dogs.Our study revealed an unprecedented level of convergence in OCD shared between humans and dogs,and highlighted the importance of using domestic dogs as a model species for many human diseases including OCD.展开更多
In this paper, the consequences of cilia motion are reflected by the CNTs nanoparticles. The problem is expressed in a symmetric channel with ciliated walls. Exact solutions of the governing flow problem are obtained ...In this paper, the consequences of cilia motion are reflected by the CNTs nanoparticles. The problem is expressed in a symmetric channel with ciliated walls. Exact solutions of the governing flow problem are obtained for pressure gradient, temperature and velocities of the fluid. Streamlines for the velocity profile are plotted to discuss the trapping phenomenon.展开更多
We report the present knowledge about RPHM21, a novel male-specific mitochondrial protein with a putative role in the paternal inheritance of sperm mitochondria in the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum, a species wi...We report the present knowledge about RPHM21, a novel male-specific mitochondrial protein with a putative role in the paternal inheritance of sperm mitochondria in the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum, a species with doubly uniparental inheritance of mitochondria （DUI）. We review all the available data on rphm21 transcription and translation, analyze in detail its female counterpart, RPHF22, discuss the homology with RPHM21, the putative function and origin, and analyze their polymorphism. The available evidence is compatible with a viral origin of RPHM21 and supports its activity during spermatogenesis. RPHM21 is progressively accumulated in mitochondria and nuclei of spermatogenic cells, and we hypothesize it can influence mitochondrial inheritance and sex- ual differentiation. We propose a testable model that describes how the acquisition of selfish fea- tures by a mitochondrial lineage might have been responsible for the emergence of DUI, and for the evolution of separate sexes （gonochorism） from hermaphroditism. The appearance of DUI most likely entailed the invasion of at least 1 selfish element, and the extant DUI systems can be seen as resolved conflicts. It was proposed that hermaphroditism was the ancestral condition of bivalves, and a correlation between DUI and gonochorism was documented. We hypothesize that DUI might have driven the shift from hermaphroditism to gonochorism, with androdioecy as transi- tion state. The invasion of sex-ratio distorters and the evolution of suppressors can prompt rapid changes among sex-determination mechanisms, and DUI might have been responsible for one of such changes in some bivalve species. If true, DUI would represent the first animal sex-determination system involving mtDNA-encoded proteins.展开更多
文摘It has been believed that the better optimization can be achieved by tile P＋＋ optimization strategy since the P＋ curve shows a rather shallow maximum. In this paper, the P＋＋ optimization strategy has been verified by evaluating （intensity-modulated radiation therapy, IMRT） plans for a T4 stage NPC patient in the situation where diffieuh compromise has to be made between probabilities for tumor control and normal tissue injuh＇y. The results showed that including the biological objective gEUD into the plan optimization couht decrease the mean dose of OAR. Theoretically, P＋＋ optimization strategy could be helpfnl to find the refined optimization solution for radiation therapy planning. However, in clinical radiotherapy practice, disease situations will form restrictions to use the biological evaluation only. More factors including both physical and biological models should be considered in a planning evaluation process to aehieve a best clinical solution.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFA0707101)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(2019YFA0707101)+5 种基金the Innovative Research Team(in Science and Technology)of Yunnan Province(201905E160019)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81860255,31701133,81722019,and 31201712)Yunnan Applied Basic Research Projects for Kunming Medicine University Special Fund(2017FE468(-134))the Animal Branch of the Germplasm Bank of Wild Species,Chinese Academy of Sciences(the Large Research Infrastructure Funding)supported by the National Youth Talent Support Programsupported by the Hundred-Talent Program of Kunming Medical University。
文摘Obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD)represents a heterogeneous collection of diseases with diverse levels of phenotypic,genetic,and etiologic variability,making it difficult to identify the underlying genetic and biological mechanisms in humans.Domestic dogs exhibit several OCD-like behaviors.Using continuous circling as a representative phenotype for OCD,we screened two independent dog breeds,the Belgian Malinois and Kunming Dog and subsequently sequenced ten circling dogs and ten unaffected dogs for each breed.Using population differentiation analyses,we identified 11 candidate genes in the extreme tail of the differentiated regions between cases and controls.These genes overlap significantly with genes identified in a genome wide association study(GWAS)of human OCD,indicating strong convergence between humans and dogs.Through gene expressional analysis and functional exploration,we found that two candidate OCD risk genes,PPP2R2B and ADAMTSL3,affected the density and morphology of dendritic spines.Therefore,changes in dendritic spine may underlie some common biological and physiological pathways shared between humans and dogs.Our study revealed an unprecedented level of convergence in OCD shared between humans and dogs,and highlighted the importance of using domestic dogs as a model species for many human diseases including OCD.
文摘In this paper, the consequences of cilia motion are reflected by the CNTs nanoparticles. The problem is expressed in a symmetric channel with ciliated walls. Exact solutions of the governing flow problem are obtained for pressure gradient, temperature and velocities of the fluid. Streamlines for the velocity profile are plotted to discuss the trapping phenomenon.
文摘We report the present knowledge about RPHM21, a novel male-specific mitochondrial protein with a putative role in the paternal inheritance of sperm mitochondria in the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum, a species with doubly uniparental inheritance of mitochondria （DUI）. We review all the available data on rphm21 transcription and translation, analyze in detail its female counterpart, RPHF22, discuss the homology with RPHM21, the putative function and origin, and analyze their polymorphism. The available evidence is compatible with a viral origin of RPHM21 and supports its activity during spermatogenesis. RPHM21 is progressively accumulated in mitochondria and nuclei of spermatogenic cells, and we hypothesize it can influence mitochondrial inheritance and sex- ual differentiation. We propose a testable model that describes how the acquisition of selfish fea- tures by a mitochondrial lineage might have been responsible for the emergence of DUI, and for the evolution of separate sexes （gonochorism） from hermaphroditism. The appearance of DUI most likely entailed the invasion of at least 1 selfish element, and the extant DUI systems can be seen as resolved conflicts. It was proposed that hermaphroditism was the ancestral condition of bivalves, and a correlation between DUI and gonochorism was documented. We hypothesize that DUI might have driven the shift from hermaphroditism to gonochorism, with androdioecy as transi- tion state. The invasion of sex-ratio distorters and the evolution of suppressors can prompt rapid changes among sex-determination mechanisms, and DUI might have been responsible for one of such changes in some bivalve species. If true, DUI would represent the first animal sex-determination system involving mtDNA-encoded proteins.
