The generation mechanism of the first arrivals in the cased boreholes for the poorly bonded conditions is investigated. Based on the analyses of the Riemann surface structure of the characteristic function, the disper...The generation mechanism of the first arrivals in the cased boreholes for the poorly bonded conditions is investigated. Based on the analyses of the Riemann surface structure of the characteristic function, the dispersion features, excitation spectra and contributions of modes excited in the cased boreholes with different cementing types are studied. The phase velocity dispersion studies of leaky modes show that high-order modes form "plateau" regions with one approximate velocity denoted by v separated by their cutoff frequencies, in which the phase velocity changes little with a considerable frequency range, while the group velocity keeps a relatively constant high value. Usually, the operation frequency range of a specific cementing evaluation acoustic logging tool is covered by such a "plateau" region. Mode excitation and contribution analyses show that the first arrivals in the cased boreholes for the poorly bonded conditions are the contributions from leaky modes, where the traveling velocity of the first arrivals processed by slowness time coherence(STC) method is equal to the approximated velocity v. Analyses on generation of leaky modes in the cased boreholes supplement the understanding of the generation mechanism of the first arrivals.展开更多
The leakage research on supercritical carbon dioxide fluid in rolling piston expander was investigated experimentally.Using expander instead of throttle valve is an important way to improve the efficiency of carbon di...The leakage research on supercritical carbon dioxide fluid in rolling piston expander was investigated experimentally.Using expander instead of throttle valve is an important way to improve the efficiency of carbon dioxide refrigeration system.However,the supercritical fluid leakage in expander is serious and is the main factor affecting the expander's efficiency.This paper presented and compared four classic leakage models.The analysis indicated that laminar leakage model is suitable in leakage simulation of expander.A leakage test system,including the leakage test part which has two types of leakage specimens with different gaps ranging from 5 to 15 m,was established.The experimental results indicated that lubricant film played an important role.When the leakage clearance of cylindrical specimen was 5 m,the mass flow rate of leakage was about 0.88 g s-1.The data was 3.638 g s-1 with leakage clearance being 10 m and 7.11g s-1 with leakage clearance being 15 m.A modified leakage model was developed,whose average deviation was within 10% compared with the experimental data.At last,this paper simulated the leakage in rolling piston expander presented by Tian et al.(2010).The leakage between rolling piston and cylinder was the most serious part with the value up to 0.04 kg s-1.展开更多
The effect of interaction of the main flow with root and tip leakage flows on the performance of an high pressure (HP) stage of an impulse turbine is studied numerically. The flow in blade-to-blade channels and axial ...The effect of interaction of the main flow with root and tip leakage flows on the performance of an high pressure (HP) stage of an impulse turbine is studied numerically. The flow in blade-to-blade channels and axial gaps is computed with the aid of a 3D Navier-Stokes solver FlowER. The numerical scheme is modified to include the source/sink-type boundary conditions in places at the endwalls referring to design locations of injection of leak- age and windage flows into, or extract from, the blade-to-blade passage. The turbine stage is computed in three configurations. First, computations are made without tip leakage and windage flows with source/sink slots closed. Second, tip leakage slots are open. Third, both tip leakage and windage flow slots are open, and the obtained flow characteristics including kinetic energy losses in the stage are compared so as to estimate the interaction of the main and leakage flows.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11134011 and 41274134)
文摘The generation mechanism of the first arrivals in the cased boreholes for the poorly bonded conditions is investigated. Based on the analyses of the Riemann surface structure of the characteristic function, the dispersion features, excitation spectra and contributions of modes excited in the cased boreholes with different cementing types are studied. The phase velocity dispersion studies of leaky modes show that high-order modes form "plateau" regions with one approximate velocity denoted by v separated by their cutoff frequencies, in which the phase velocity changes little with a considerable frequency range, while the group velocity keeps a relatively constant high value. Usually, the operation frequency range of a specific cementing evaluation acoustic logging tool is covered by such a "plateau" region. Mode excitation and contribution analyses show that the first arrivals in the cased boreholes for the poorly bonded conditions are the contributions from leaky modes, where the traveling velocity of the first arrivals processed by slowness time coherence(STC) method is equal to the approximated velocity v. Analyses on generation of leaky modes in the cased boreholes supplement the understanding of the generation mechanism of the first arrivals.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50676064)
文摘The leakage research on supercritical carbon dioxide fluid in rolling piston expander was investigated experimentally.Using expander instead of throttle valve is an important way to improve the efficiency of carbon dioxide refrigeration system.However,the supercritical fluid leakage in expander is serious and is the main factor affecting the expander's efficiency.This paper presented and compared four classic leakage models.The analysis indicated that laminar leakage model is suitable in leakage simulation of expander.A leakage test system,including the leakage test part which has two types of leakage specimens with different gaps ranging from 5 to 15 m,was established.The experimental results indicated that lubricant film played an important role.When the leakage clearance of cylindrical specimen was 5 m,the mass flow rate of leakage was about 0.88 g s-1.The data was 3.638 g s-1 with leakage clearance being 10 m and 7.11g s-1 with leakage clearance being 15 m.A modified leakage model was developed,whose average deviation was within 10% compared with the experimental data.At last,this paper simulated the leakage in rolling piston expander presented by Tian et al.(2010).The leakage between rolling piston and cylinder was the most serious part with the value up to 0.04 kg s-1.
文摘The effect of interaction of the main flow with root and tip leakage flows on the performance of an high pressure (HP) stage of an impulse turbine is studied numerically. The flow in blade-to-blade channels and axial gaps is computed with the aid of a 3D Navier-Stokes solver FlowER. The numerical scheme is modified to include the source/sink-type boundary conditions in places at the endwalls referring to design locations of injection of leak- age and windage flows into, or extract from, the blade-to-blade passage. The turbine stage is computed in three configurations. First, computations are made without tip leakage and windage flows with source/sink slots closed. Second, tip leakage slots are open. Third, both tip leakage and windage flow slots are open, and the obtained flow characteristics including kinetic energy losses in the stage are compared so as to estimate the interaction of the main and leakage flows.
