基于2004年10月对全湖67个采样点水下光合有效辐射(photosynthetically active radiation:PAR)和各光学活性物质浓度的测定,分析了真光层深度的空间分布及其影响因素.利用实测的叶绿素a浓度,真光层深度,PAR强度,由水温计算得到的最佳固...基于2004年10月对全湖67个采样点水下光合有效辐射(photosynthetically active radiation:PAR)和各光学活性物质浓度的测定,分析了真光层深度的空间分布及其影响因素.利用实测的叶绿素a浓度,真光层深度,PAR强度,由水温计算得到的最佳固碳速率以及由经纬度计算的日照周期等,在垂向归纳模型(vertically generalized production model:VGPM)的支持下估算了全湖秋季浮游植物初级生产力.真光层深度的变化范围为0.37-5.27m(均值为1.52±1.06m),高值出现在东太湖、胥口湾、东西山之间等水生植物分布茂盛的草型湖区,而在梅梁湾、湖心区以及西南面的开阔湖区真光层深度均较小.回归分析显示,真光层深度主要受制于非色素颗粒物浓度,浮游植物和溶解性有机物的贡献相对要小得多.叶绿素a浓度和VGPM模型估算的浮游植物初级生产力变化范围分别1.21-53.59μg/L、77.4-2484.9mg/(m2·d),其时空分布基本一致,高值出现在富营养化的藻型湖区梅梁湾,低值出现在胥口湾和西南开阔湖区.VGPM模型和经验模式对比结果显示两者值比较接近并存在显著相关(r2=0.79,p<0.0001),两类模型全湖的均值分别为694.5±492.0、719.8±315.4mg/(m2·d),但由于VGPM模型考虑到真光层深度、温度、PAR强度以及日照周期对初级生产力的影响,其变化范围明显大于经验模型,也更能反映初级生产力的空间变化.展开更多
海洋初级生产过程是海洋碳循环的重要组成部分,影响生物地球化学循环和全球气候变化。浮游植物作为海洋初级生产的主要贡献者,按粒径大小可分为小型(micro粒级,>20μm)、微型(nano粒级,2~20μm)和微微型(pico粒级,<2μm)。不同粒...海洋初级生产过程是海洋碳循环的重要组成部分,影响生物地球化学循环和全球气候变化。浮游植物作为海洋初级生产的主要贡献者,按粒径大小可分为小型(micro粒级,>20μm)、微型(nano粒级,2~20μm)和微微型(pico粒级,<2μm)。不同粒级浮游植物初级生产力(size-fractionated primary production,PP_(size))对总初级生产力贡献不同,在海洋物质能量流动及碳循环中扮演着不同角色。本文基于2019年南海西部夏季航次12个站位的生物光学剖面数据,研究了南海西部分粒级浮游植物叶绿素a浓度和初级生产力的空间分布及它们对总叶绿素a浓度和总初级生产力的贡献百分比。利用各粒级670nm波段的浮游植物吸收系数[size-fractionated phytoplankton absorption coefficient at 670nm,a_(ph-size)(670)]与光合有效辐射(photosynthetically active radiation,PAR)的乘积[a_(ph-size)(670)×PAR]建立了南海分粒级初级生产力算法,对于小型、微型和微微型浮游植物数据集,log[a_(ph-size)(670)×PAR]与log(PP_(size))之间的决定系数R^(2)分别为0.64、0.76和0.67。交叉验证的结果表明,该算法具有良好的泛化性能。其性能显著优于仅利用浮游植物吸收系数估算分粒级初级生产力的算法,表明PAR是影响分粒级初级生产力变化的重要因素之一。采用基于叶绿素a浓度的算法估算各粒级初级生产力时,针对小型和微微型浮游植物数据集,该算法的性能与本文构建的算法近似;但针对微型浮游植物数据集时,基于叶绿素a浓度的算法性能显著较低,这可能归因于微型浮游植物吸收系数与叶绿素a浓度间的弱相关性。展开更多
通过白令海北部陆坡区B2-9站位沉积物柱样高分辨率的生物标志物(菜子甾醇、甲藻甾醇、长链烯酮、n-C30-diol)提取和分析,获得了近1万年来浮游植物群落和初级生产力、高碳烷烃输入与陆源植被变化等相关记录,研究结果显示,全新世以来表层...通过白令海北部陆坡区B2-9站位沉积物柱样高分辨率的生物标志物(菜子甾醇、甲藻甾醇、长链烯酮、n-C30-diol)提取和分析,获得了近1万年来浮游植物群落和初级生产力、高碳烷烃输入与陆源植被变化等相关记录,研究结果显示,全新世以来表层浮游植物和初级生产力都经历了"高-低-高"的变化过程,并具有明显的阶段性,可能受控于陆架坡折处海冰的分布、上层海洋营养盐供应和全新世气候与环境的变迁;浮游植物群落结构较为稳定,硅藻是初级生产力的主要贡献者,甲藻次之,颗石藻和黄绿藻比前两者低了1个数量级,硅藻与甲藻之间具有明显的竞争关系,前者明显占据优势,是白令海有机碳汇的主要贡献者;正构烷烃总量分别在7.8 ka BP,6.7 ka BP和5.4 ka BP,经历了3次阶梯状的下降过程,并呈现出4个相对稳定的阶段,其主要受控于早全新世海平面上升以及周边陆地植被源区的气候与环境变化;正构烷烃分子组合特征显示其来自陆地高等植物、且陆源植被结构较为稳定,木本植物占据优势;单体碳同位素研究表明正构烷烃的主碳峰为n-C27,对烷烃总量的贡献最大,可能与当时陆源繁盛的木本植物及输入有关,含量较高的n-C23则可能主要来源于北半球沿海广泛分布的一类沉水植物。展开更多
Cadmium(Cd) mainly derived from anthropogenic emissions can be transported through atmospheric pathway to marine ecosystem,affecting the phytoplankton community and primary productivity.In this study,we identified the...Cadmium(Cd) mainly derived from anthropogenic emissions can be transported through atmospheric pathway to marine ecosystem,affecting the phytoplankton community and primary productivity.In this study,we identified the toxicity threshold of Cd for phytoplankton under seawater conditions of the coastal East China Sea(ECS) through both laboratory and in situ mesocosm incubation experiments.The mesocosm experiment showed that Cd in low concentration(0.003 μg per μg chl a) was conducive to the growth of natural community and increased chl a productivity.In high concentration(0.03 μg per μg chl a) Cd acted as an inhibiting factor which decreased the total chl a productivity.The diatom community was found to be more sensitive to Cd toxicity than dinoflagellate,as the low concentration Cd showed toxicity to diatom but enhanced dinoflagellate growth.We noticed that the soluble Cd estimated from atmosphere deposition to the coastal ECS was below the toxicity threshold and the Cd deposition might promote phytoplankton growth in this region.In our laboratory experiments,adding Cd,similar to aerosol deposition,stimulated the growth of both dominant algal species Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu(dinoflagellate) and Skeletonema costatum(diatom).Adding Cd on a higher level inhibited the growth of both the species,but Skeletonema costatum seemed obviously more sensitive to toxicity.This indicates the potential impact of atmospheric deposition Cd on phytoplankton community succession in the ECS.展开更多
Statistical analysis on data collected in the Jiaozhou Bay (Shandong, China) from May 1991 to February 1994 and those collected in Hawaii from March 1958 to December 2007 shows dynamic and cyclic changes in atmospheri...Statistical analysis on data collected in the Jiaozhou Bay (Shandong, China) from May 1991 to February 1994 and those collected in Hawaii from March 1958 to December 2007 shows dynamic and cyclic changes in atmospheric carbon in the Northern Pacific Ocean (NPO), as well as the variation in space-time distribution of phytoplankton primary production and atmospheric carbon in the study regions. The study indicates that the human beings have imposed an important impact on the changing trends of the atmospheric carbon. Primary production in the Jiaozhou Bay presents a good example in this regard. In this paper, dynamic models of the atmospheric carbon in the NPO, the cyclic variations in the atmospheric carbon, and primary production in the Jiaozhou Bay are studied with simulation curves presented. A set of equations were established that able to calculate the rate and acceleration of increasing carbon discharged anthropologically into the atmosphere and the conversion rate of phytoplankton to atmospheric carbon. Our calculation shows that the amount of atmospheric carbon absorbed by one unit of primary production in the Jiaozhou Bay is (3.21–9.74)×10-9/(mgC·m-2d-1), and the amount of primary production consumed by a unit of atmospheric carbon is 102.66–311.52 (mgC·m-2d-1/10-6). Therefore, we consider that the variation of atmospheric carbon is a dynamic process controlled by the increase of carbon compound and its cyclic variation, and those from anthropologic discharge, and phytoplankton growth.展开更多
文摘基于2004年10月对全湖67个采样点水下光合有效辐射(photosynthetically active radiation:PAR)和各光学活性物质浓度的测定,分析了真光层深度的空间分布及其影响因素.利用实测的叶绿素a浓度,真光层深度,PAR强度,由水温计算得到的最佳固碳速率以及由经纬度计算的日照周期等,在垂向归纳模型(vertically generalized production model:VGPM)的支持下估算了全湖秋季浮游植物初级生产力.真光层深度的变化范围为0.37-5.27m(均值为1.52±1.06m),高值出现在东太湖、胥口湾、东西山之间等水生植物分布茂盛的草型湖区,而在梅梁湾、湖心区以及西南面的开阔湖区真光层深度均较小.回归分析显示,真光层深度主要受制于非色素颗粒物浓度,浮游植物和溶解性有机物的贡献相对要小得多.叶绿素a浓度和VGPM模型估算的浮游植物初级生产力变化范围分别1.21-53.59μg/L、77.4-2484.9mg/(m2·d),其时空分布基本一致,高值出现在富营养化的藻型湖区梅梁湾,低值出现在胥口湾和西南开阔湖区.VGPM模型和经验模式对比结果显示两者值比较接近并存在显著相关(r2=0.79,p<0.0001),两类模型全湖的均值分别为694.5±492.0、719.8±315.4mg/(m2·d),但由于VGPM模型考虑到真光层深度、温度、PAR强度以及日照周期对初级生产力的影响,其变化范围明显大于经验模型,也更能反映初级生产力的空间变化.
文摘海洋初级生产过程是海洋碳循环的重要组成部分,影响生物地球化学循环和全球气候变化。浮游植物作为海洋初级生产的主要贡献者,按粒径大小可分为小型(micro粒级,>20μm)、微型(nano粒级,2~20μm)和微微型(pico粒级,<2μm)。不同粒级浮游植物初级生产力(size-fractionated primary production,PP_(size))对总初级生产力贡献不同,在海洋物质能量流动及碳循环中扮演着不同角色。本文基于2019年南海西部夏季航次12个站位的生物光学剖面数据,研究了南海西部分粒级浮游植物叶绿素a浓度和初级生产力的空间分布及它们对总叶绿素a浓度和总初级生产力的贡献百分比。利用各粒级670nm波段的浮游植物吸收系数[size-fractionated phytoplankton absorption coefficient at 670nm,a_(ph-size)(670)]与光合有效辐射(photosynthetically active radiation,PAR)的乘积[a_(ph-size)(670)×PAR]建立了南海分粒级初级生产力算法,对于小型、微型和微微型浮游植物数据集,log[a_(ph-size)(670)×PAR]与log(PP_(size))之间的决定系数R^(2)分别为0.64、0.76和0.67。交叉验证的结果表明,该算法具有良好的泛化性能。其性能显著优于仅利用浮游植物吸收系数估算分粒级初级生产力的算法,表明PAR是影响分粒级初级生产力变化的重要因素之一。采用基于叶绿素a浓度的算法估算各粒级初级生产力时,针对小型和微微型浮游植物数据集,该算法的性能与本文构建的算法近似;但针对微型浮游植物数据集时,基于叶绿素a浓度的算法性能显著较低,这可能归因于微型浮游植物吸收系数与叶绿素a浓度间的弱相关性。
文摘通过白令海北部陆坡区B2-9站位沉积物柱样高分辨率的生物标志物(菜子甾醇、甲藻甾醇、长链烯酮、n-C30-diol)提取和分析,获得了近1万年来浮游植物群落和初级生产力、高碳烷烃输入与陆源植被变化等相关记录,研究结果显示,全新世以来表层浮游植物和初级生产力都经历了"高-低-高"的变化过程,并具有明显的阶段性,可能受控于陆架坡折处海冰的分布、上层海洋营养盐供应和全新世气候与环境的变迁;浮游植物群落结构较为稳定,硅藻是初级生产力的主要贡献者,甲藻次之,颗石藻和黄绿藻比前两者低了1个数量级,硅藻与甲藻之间具有明显的竞争关系,前者明显占据优势,是白令海有机碳汇的主要贡献者;正构烷烃总量分别在7.8 ka BP,6.7 ka BP和5.4 ka BP,经历了3次阶梯状的下降过程,并呈现出4个相对稳定的阶段,其主要受控于早全新世海平面上升以及周边陆地植被源区的气候与环境变化;正构烷烃分子组合特征显示其来自陆地高等植物、且陆源植被结构较为稳定,木本植物占据优势;单体碳同位素研究表明正构烷烃的主碳峰为n-C27,对烷烃总量的贡献最大,可能与当时陆源繁盛的木本植物及输入有关,含量较高的n-C23则可能主要来源于北半球沿海广泛分布的一类沉水植物。
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41375141)National Basic Research Program of China (2014CB953700)SRF for ROCS,SEM,and Shanghai Science and Technology Committee (12DJ1400102)
文摘Cadmium(Cd) mainly derived from anthropogenic emissions can be transported through atmospheric pathway to marine ecosystem,affecting the phytoplankton community and primary productivity.In this study,we identified the toxicity threshold of Cd for phytoplankton under seawater conditions of the coastal East China Sea(ECS) through both laboratory and in situ mesocosm incubation experiments.The mesocosm experiment showed that Cd in low concentration(0.003 μg per μg chl a) was conducive to the growth of natural community and increased chl a productivity.In high concentration(0.03 μg per μg chl a) Cd acted as an inhibiting factor which decreased the total chl a productivity.The diatom community was found to be more sensitive to Cd toxicity than dinoflagellate,as the low concentration Cd showed toxicity to diatom but enhanced dinoflagellate growth.We noticed that the soluble Cd estimated from atmosphere deposition to the coastal ECS was below the toxicity threshold and the Cd deposition might promote phytoplankton growth in this region.In our laboratory experiments,adding Cd,similar to aerosol deposition,stimulated the growth of both dominant algal species Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu(dinoflagellate) and Skeletonema costatum(diatom).Adding Cd on a higher level inhibited the growth of both the species,but Skeletonema costatum seemed obviously more sensitive to toxicity.This indicates the potential impact of atmospheric deposition Cd on phytoplankton community succession in the ECS.
基金Supported by Key Laboratory of Marine Spill Oil Identification and Damage Assessment Technology, SOAthe Director’s Found of the Beihai Monitoring Center, SOA
文摘Statistical analysis on data collected in the Jiaozhou Bay (Shandong, China) from May 1991 to February 1994 and those collected in Hawaii from March 1958 to December 2007 shows dynamic and cyclic changes in atmospheric carbon in the Northern Pacific Ocean (NPO), as well as the variation in space-time distribution of phytoplankton primary production and atmospheric carbon in the study regions. The study indicates that the human beings have imposed an important impact on the changing trends of the atmospheric carbon. Primary production in the Jiaozhou Bay presents a good example in this regard. In this paper, dynamic models of the atmospheric carbon in the NPO, the cyclic variations in the atmospheric carbon, and primary production in the Jiaozhou Bay are studied with simulation curves presented. A set of equations were established that able to calculate the rate and acceleration of increasing carbon discharged anthropologically into the atmosphere and the conversion rate of phytoplankton to atmospheric carbon. Our calculation shows that the amount of atmospheric carbon absorbed by one unit of primary production in the Jiaozhou Bay is (3.21–9.74)×10-9/(mgC·m-2d-1), and the amount of primary production consumed by a unit of atmospheric carbon is 102.66–311.52 (mgC·m-2d-1/10-6). Therefore, we consider that the variation of atmospheric carbon is a dynamic process controlled by the increase of carbon compound and its cyclic variation, and those from anthropologic discharge, and phytoplankton growth.
