Mountain regions are sensitive to climate changes, which make them good indicators of climate change. The aim of this study is to investigate the spatial and temporal variability of air temperature and precipitation i...Mountain regions are sensitive to climate changes, which make them good indicators of climate change. The aim of this study is to investigate the spatial and temporal variability of air temperature and precipitation in the Polish Carpathians. This study consists of climatological analyses for the historical period 1851-2010 and future projections for 2021-2100. The results confirm that there has been significant warming of the area and that this warming has been particularly pronounced over the last few decades and will continue in the oncoming years.Climate change is most evident in the foothills;however, these are the highest summits which have experienced the most intensive increases in temperature during the recent period. Precipitation does not demonstrate any substantial trend and has high year-to-year variability. The distribution of the annual temperature contour lines modelled for selected periods provides evidence of the upward shift of vertical climate zones in the Polish Carpathians,which reach approximately 350 meters, on average,what indicates further ecological consequences as ecosystems expand or become extinct and when there are changes in the hydrological cycle.展开更多
Environmental characteristics are often the factors that determine the distribution of species in nature. However, species response vis-A-vis these factors differs. For a better understanding of the phenomenon, we hav...Environmental characteristics are often the factors that determine the distribution of species in nature. However, species response vis-A-vis these factors differs. For a better understanding of the phenomenon, we have conducted this study which consists of following the spatio-temporal evolution of two species of Oribatida （Scheloribates sp. and Galumna sp.）. The sites which have been the subject of this study, are situated in different bioclimatic zones presenting a very different climatic, edaphic, nutritional, and altitudinal characteristics. The variability of ecological factors showed that the behavior of two species differs. Indeed, Scheloribates sp. is present in all sites except in Biskra whereas Galumna sp. is present only in sites belonging to humid and sub humid bioclimatic zones. Moreover, Scheloribates sp. appears more tolerant of environmental changes while Galumna sp. is more stringent and its presence is marked only in the sites where ecological conditions are better. Thus, it can be noted that the spatial and temporal distribution of oribatid is not only conditioned solely by environmental factors but also by intrinsic factors specific to each species. The specific behavior of Galumna sp. and the tolerance of Scheloribates sp. are interesting and can be the subject of bioindicator species that can inform us about the changes that effect whether natural or anthropogenic environment.展开更多
Lake ice thickness(LIT)is important for regional hydroclimate systems,lake ecosystems,and human activities on the ice,and is thought to be highly susceptible to global warming.However,the spatiotemporal variability in...Lake ice thickness(LIT)is important for regional hydroclimate systems,lake ecosystems,and human activities on the ice,and is thought to be highly susceptible to global warming.However,the spatiotemporal variability in LIT is largely unknown due to the difficulty in deriving in situ measurements and the lack of an effective remote sensing platform.Despite intensive development and applications of lake ice models driven by general circulation model output,evaluation of the global LIT is mostly based on assumed“ideal”lakes in each grid cell of the climate forcing data.A method for calculating the actual global LIT is therefore urgently needed.Here we use satellite altimetry to retrieve ice thickness for 16 large lakes in the Northern Hemisphere(Lake Baikal,Great Slave Lake,and others)with an accuracy of~0.2 m for almost three decades.We then develop a 1-D lake ice model driven primarily by remotely sensed data and cross-validated with the altimetric LIT to provide a robust means of estimating LIT for lakes larger than 50 km^(2)across the Northern Hemisphere.Mean LIT(annual maximum ice thickness)for 1313 simulated lakes and reservoirs covering~840,000 km^(2)for 2003–2018 is 0.63±0.02 m,corresponding to~485 Gt of water.LIT changes are projected for 2071–2099 under RCPs 2.6,6.0,and 8.5,showing that the mean LIT could decrease by~0.35 m under the worst concentration pathway and the associated lower ice road availability could have a significant impact on socio-economic activities.展开更多
基金the FORECOM project (Forest cover changes in mountainous regions – drivers, trajectories and implications, PSRP 008/2010)supported by a grant from Switzerland through the Swiss contribution to the enlarged European Union
文摘Mountain regions are sensitive to climate changes, which make them good indicators of climate change. The aim of this study is to investigate the spatial and temporal variability of air temperature and precipitation in the Polish Carpathians. This study consists of climatological analyses for the historical period 1851-2010 and future projections for 2021-2100. The results confirm that there has been significant warming of the area and that this warming has been particularly pronounced over the last few decades and will continue in the oncoming years.Climate change is most evident in the foothills;however, these are the highest summits which have experienced the most intensive increases in temperature during the recent period. Precipitation does not demonstrate any substantial trend and has high year-to-year variability. The distribution of the annual temperature contour lines modelled for selected periods provides evidence of the upward shift of vertical climate zones in the Polish Carpathians,which reach approximately 350 meters, on average,what indicates further ecological consequences as ecosystems expand or become extinct and when there are changes in the hydrological cycle.
文摘Environmental characteristics are often the factors that determine the distribution of species in nature. However, species response vis-A-vis these factors differs. For a better understanding of the phenomenon, we have conducted this study which consists of following the spatio-temporal evolution of two species of Oribatida （Scheloribates sp. and Galumna sp.）. The sites which have been the subject of this study, are situated in different bioclimatic zones presenting a very different climatic, edaphic, nutritional, and altitudinal characteristics. The variability of ecological factors showed that the behavior of two species differs. Indeed, Scheloribates sp. is present in all sites except in Biskra whereas Galumna sp. is present only in sites belonging to humid and sub humid bioclimatic zones. Moreover, Scheloribates sp. appears more tolerant of environmental changes while Galumna sp. is more stringent and its presence is marked only in the sites where ecological conditions are better. Thus, it can be noted that the spatial and temporal distribution of oribatid is not only conditioned solely by environmental factors but also by intrinsic factors specific to each species. The specific behavior of Galumna sp. and the tolerance of Scheloribates sp. are interesting and can be the subject of bioindicator species that can inform us about the changes that effect whether natural or anthropogenic environment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(92047301,91547210,and 51722903)the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)Program(2019QZKK0105)。
文摘Lake ice thickness(LIT)is important for regional hydroclimate systems,lake ecosystems,and human activities on the ice,and is thought to be highly susceptible to global warming.However,the spatiotemporal variability in LIT is largely unknown due to the difficulty in deriving in situ measurements and the lack of an effective remote sensing platform.Despite intensive development and applications of lake ice models driven by general circulation model output,evaluation of the global LIT is mostly based on assumed“ideal”lakes in each grid cell of the climate forcing data.A method for calculating the actual global LIT is therefore urgently needed.Here we use satellite altimetry to retrieve ice thickness for 16 large lakes in the Northern Hemisphere(Lake Baikal,Great Slave Lake,and others)with an accuracy of~0.2 m for almost three decades.We then develop a 1-D lake ice model driven primarily by remotely sensed data and cross-validated with the altimetric LIT to provide a robust means of estimating LIT for lakes larger than 50 km^(2)across the Northern Hemisphere.Mean LIT(annual maximum ice thickness)for 1313 simulated lakes and reservoirs covering~840,000 km^(2)for 2003–2018 is 0.63±0.02 m,corresponding to~485 Gt of water.LIT changes are projected for 2071–2099 under RCPs 2.6,6.0,and 8.5,showing that the mean LIT could decrease by~0.35 m under the worst concentration pathway and the associated lower ice road availability could have a significant impact on socio-economic activities.
