Sesamum, an important oil yielding crop suffers a huge loss in its yield due to attack of large number of fungal pathogens. In semi-arid regions Sesamum is mainly affected by two major plant-pathogenic fungus viz. Mac...Sesamum, an important oil yielding crop suffers a huge loss in its yield due to attack of large number of fungal pathogens. In semi-arid regions Sesamum is mainly affected by two major plant-pathogenic fungus viz. Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium oxysporum. The aim of the study was to analyze the metabolic alterations in Sesamum after infection with both pathogens. This accomplished by individually by （the word estimating is not quantitative） the levels of total phenolic compounds and the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase （PAL） of one week old plants. The PAL showed high activity in infected plants, revealing the active phase in the synthesis of secondary metabolites in the Sesamum plant after infection. As a consequence, in infected plants the contents of polyphenols along with salicylic acid （SA） considerably exceeded when compared to control plants. This in vivo study of M. phaseolina and F. oxysporum infection reveals the differences of resistance levels in sesame against these two pathogens. These results provide important information regarding the plant-pathogen interactions and also forfor Sesamum improvement programs seeking the adaptation to diverse range of fungal attack along with adverse environmental factors.展开更多
The function of mine spoil following restoration depends on the development of soil aggregation.Two models may contribute to consideration of how spoil may be restored:the hierarchical model and the interdependence mo...The function of mine spoil following restoration depends on the development of soil aggregation.Two models may contribute to consideration of how spoil may be restored:the hierarchical model and the interdependence model.This study examined the relationship between plant diversity and water stable aggregate in mine spoil.Four plant species Dodonaea viscosa(Jacq),Pittosporum phillyraeoides DC,Hymenosporum flavum(Hook)F.Muell,and Pandorea pandorana(Andrew Steenis)inoculated with eight different Arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)fungi were either grown as a single species or a mixture of all species in pots containing mine spoil amended with 18%compost.Soil aggregation was measured as mean weight diameter(MWD)and organic carbon was determined after 12 months.Aggregation of spoil from under the mixed plant treatment was in the middle of the range for single species,for overall MWD and weight of each of the water-stable aggregate fractions.MWD of soil under P.phillyraeoides was higher than for all other single plant species and plant mixture.Organic carbon in the water-stable micro-aggregate sized fraction was greater in all planted than the unplanted treatment.The mean soil carbon concentration of P.pandorana was higher than all other single plant treatments and plant mixture.The study suggests that the development of aggregation of mine spoil amended with compost is independent of plant diversity.展开更多
Plant phylogeny constrains orchid mycorrhizal(OrM) fungal community composition in some orchids. Here, we investigated the structures of the OrM fungal communities of eight Dendrobium species in one niche to determine...Plant phylogeny constrains orchid mycorrhizal(OrM) fungal community composition in some orchids. Here, we investigated the structures of the OrM fungal communities of eight Dendrobium species in one niche to determine whether similarities in the OrM fungal communities correlated with the phylogeny of the host plants and whether the Dendrobium-OrM fungal interactions are phylogenetically conserved. A phylogeny based on DNA data was constructed for the eight coexisting Dendrobium species,and the OrM fungal communities were characterized by their roots. There were 31 different fungal lineages associated with the eight Dendrobium species. In total, 82.98% of the identified associations belonging to Tulasnellaceae, and a smaller proportion involved members of the unknown Basidiomycota(9.67%). Community analyses revealed that phylogenetically related Dendrobium tended to interact with a similar set of Tulasnellaceae fungi. The interactions between Dendrobium and Tulasnellaceae fungi were significantly influenced by the phylogenetic relationships among the Dendrobium species. Our results provide evidence that the mycorrhizal specificity in the eight coexisting Dendrobium species was phylogenetically conserved.展开更多
Aims Intensive land management practices can compromise soil biodiversity,thus jeopardizing long-term soil productivity.Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)play a pivotal role in promoting soil productivity through oblig...Aims Intensive land management practices can compromise soil biodiversity,thus jeopardizing long-term soil productivity.Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)play a pivotal role in promoting soil productivity through obligate symbiotic associations with plants.However,it is not clear how properties of plant communities,especially species richness and composition influence the viability of AMF populations in soils.Methods Here we test whether monocultures of eight plant species from different plant functional groups,or a diverse mixture of plant species,maintain more viable AMF propagules.To address this question,we extracted AMF spores from 12-year old plant monocultures and mixtures and paired single AMF spores with single plants in a factorial design crossing AMF spore origin with plant species identity.Important Findings AMF spores from diverse plant mixtures were more successful at colonizing multiple plant species and plant individuals than AMF spores from plant monocultures.Furthermore,we found evidence that AMF spores originating from diverse mixtures more strongly increased biomass than AMF from monocultures in the legume Trifolium repens L.AMF viability and ability to interact with many plant species were greater when AMF spores originated from 12-year old mixtures than monocultures.Our results show for the first time that diverse plant communities can sustain AMF viability in soils and demonstrate the potential of diverse plant communities to maintain viable AMF propagules that are a key component to soil health and productivity.展开更多
文摘Sesamum, an important oil yielding crop suffers a huge loss in its yield due to attack of large number of fungal pathogens. In semi-arid regions Sesamum is mainly affected by two major plant-pathogenic fungus viz. Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium oxysporum. The aim of the study was to analyze the metabolic alterations in Sesamum after infection with both pathogens. This accomplished by individually by （the word estimating is not quantitative） the levels of total phenolic compounds and the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase （PAL） of one week old plants. The PAL showed high activity in infected plants, revealing the active phase in the synthesis of secondary metabolites in the Sesamum plant after infection. As a consequence, in infected plants the contents of polyphenols along with salicylic acid （SA） considerably exceeded when compared to control plants. This in vivo study of M. phaseolina and F. oxysporum infection reveals the differences of resistance levels in sesame against these two pathogens. These results provide important information regarding the plant-pathogen interactions and also forfor Sesamum improvement programs seeking the adaptation to diverse range of fungal attack along with adverse environmental factors.
文摘The function of mine spoil following restoration depends on the development of soil aggregation.Two models may contribute to consideration of how spoil may be restored:the hierarchical model and the interdependence model.This study examined the relationship between plant diversity and water stable aggregate in mine spoil.Four plant species Dodonaea viscosa(Jacq),Pittosporum phillyraeoides DC,Hymenosporum flavum(Hook)F.Muell,and Pandorea pandorana(Andrew Steenis)inoculated with eight different Arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)fungi were either grown as a single species or a mixture of all species in pots containing mine spoil amended with 18%compost.Soil aggregation was measured as mean weight diameter(MWD)and organic carbon was determined after 12 months.Aggregation of spoil from under the mixed plant treatment was in the middle of the range for single species,for overall MWD and weight of each of the water-stable aggregate fractions.MWD of soil under P.phillyraeoides was higher than for all other single plant species and plant mixture.Organic carbon in the water-stable micro-aggregate sized fraction was greater in all planted than the unplanted treatment.The mean soil carbon concentration of P.pandorana was higher than all other single plant treatments and plant mixture.The study suggests that the development of aggregation of mine spoil amended with compost is independent of plant diversity.
基金supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (81274197)
文摘Plant phylogeny constrains orchid mycorrhizal(OrM) fungal community composition in some orchids. Here, we investigated the structures of the OrM fungal communities of eight Dendrobium species in one niche to determine whether similarities in the OrM fungal communities correlated with the phylogeny of the host plants and whether the Dendrobium-OrM fungal interactions are phylogenetically conserved. A phylogeny based on DNA data was constructed for the eight coexisting Dendrobium species,and the OrM fungal communities were characterized by their roots. There were 31 different fungal lineages associated with the eight Dendrobium species. In total, 82.98% of the identified associations belonging to Tulasnellaceae, and a smaller proportion involved members of the unknown Basidiomycota(9.67%). Community analyses revealed that phylogenetically related Dendrobium tended to interact with a similar set of Tulasnellaceae fungi. The interactions between Dendrobium and Tulasnellaceae fungi were significantly influenced by the phylogenetic relationships among the Dendrobium species. Our results provide evidence that the mycorrhizal specificity in the eight coexisting Dendrobium species was phylogenetically conserved.
基金supported by the German Research Foundation(RO2397/7)conducted in the framework of the Jena Experiment(FOR 456/1451)+1 种基金with additional support from the Friedrich Schiller University of JenaFurther support was provided by the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research(iDiv)Halle-Jena-Leipzig,funded by the German Research Foundation(FZT 118).
文摘Aims Intensive land management practices can compromise soil biodiversity,thus jeopardizing long-term soil productivity.Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)play a pivotal role in promoting soil productivity through obligate symbiotic associations with plants.However,it is not clear how properties of plant communities,especially species richness and composition influence the viability of AMF populations in soils.Methods Here we test whether monocultures of eight plant species from different plant functional groups,or a diverse mixture of plant species,maintain more viable AMF propagules.To address this question,we extracted AMF spores from 12-year old plant monocultures and mixtures and paired single AMF spores with single plants in a factorial design crossing AMF spore origin with plant species identity.Important Findings AMF spores from diverse plant mixtures were more successful at colonizing multiple plant species and plant individuals than AMF spores from plant monocultures.Furthermore,we found evidence that AMF spores originating from diverse mixtures more strongly increased biomass than AMF from monocultures in the legume Trifolium repens L.AMF viability and ability to interact with many plant species were greater when AMF spores originated from 12-year old mixtures than monocultures.Our results show for the first time that diverse plant communities can sustain AMF viability in soils and demonstrate the potential of diverse plant communities to maintain viable AMF propagules that are a key component to soil health and productivity.
