This paper presents the method for the performance calibration of AACMM （articulated arm coordinate measuring machines） according to ASME B89.4.22 Standard. The growing use of this class of measurement equipment has...This paper presents the method for the performance calibration of AACMM （articulated arm coordinate measuring machines） according to ASME B89.4.22 Standard. The growing use of this class of measurement equipment has been accompanied by an absence of authorized laboratories to provide calibration certificates for its performance. Due to ASME B89.4.22 and VD12617-9 are nowadays the unique standards in the field of AACMM verification, IK4 Tekniker has compared both of them in order to develop internal test procedures to yield reliable performance calibration results. As a result, IK4 Tekniker has been recognized by the Spanish Accreditation Body （ENAC） in the field of AACMM calibration. Internal test procedures and uncertainty evaluation analysis have been developed as well as ENAC certificated reference test equipments have been acquired to ensure a suitable AACMM calibration process.展开更多
The automatic all-sky imager developed by the Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,provides all-sky visible images in the red,green,and blue channels.This paper presents three major cali-bratio...The automatic all-sky imager developed by the Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,provides all-sky visible images in the red,green,and blue channels.This paper presents three major cali-bration experiments of the all-sky imager,geometric an-gular calibration,optical calibration,and radiometric calibration,and then infers an algorithm to retrieve rela-tive radiance from the all-sky images.Field experiments show that the related coefficient between retrieved radi-ance and measured radiance is about 0.91.It is feasible to use the algorithm to retrieve radiance from images.The paper sets up a relationship between radiance and the im-age,which is useful for using the all-sky image in nu-merical-simulations that predict more meteorological pa-rameters.展开更多
This paper summarizes partial findings on education about standardization by CNIS in 2008. As of December 31, 2008, 21 universities and colleges in China had established a standardization curriculum. This paper deals ...This paper summarizes partial findings on education about standardization by CNIS in 2008. As of December 31, 2008, 21 universities and colleges in China had established a standardization curriculum. This paper deals with standardization education related to economic management, engineering, agriculture and science of law and summarizes respondents＇ opinions on teaching performances and design of teaching materials and curriculums.展开更多
the accreditation of educational leadership makes up an important part of American educational management reform, the core significance of which lies in integrating the accreditation standards of school educational le...the accreditation of educational leadership makes up an important part of American educational management reform, the core significance of which lies in integrating the accreditation standards of school educational leadership and comprehensively improving the quality and international competitiveness of Primary and secondary schools in America. The article lays emphasis on the background for introducing the accreditation policy of educational leadership, the content structure of the accreditation policy of educalional leadership and its characteristics as well as providing beneficial reference for improving the accreditation standards of school educational leadership of Primafy and secondary schools in America based on the current situation of accreditation of principals and the direction of reform in China.展开更多
In the field of the water resources, hydrologic models have been used to assess water quality performance of complex watersheds and river basins. Hydrologic models can provide essential information for making decision...In the field of the water resources, hydrologic models have been used to assess water quality performance of complex watersheds and river basins. Hydrologic models can provide essential information for making decisions on sustainable management system of water resources within watersheds. The main objective of this study was to validate the performance of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool （SWAT） and the feasibility of using this model as a simulator of runoff at a catchment scale in semi-arid area in Northwestern Tunisia. Calibration and validation of the model output were performed by comparing predicted runoff with corresponding measurements from the Sarrath outlet for the periods 1990-1995 for calibration and 2000-2005 for validation. The time series for the years 1996-1999 showed discrepancies between the measured rainfall and the observed runoff indicating errors due to either the observations or to a dysfunction in the equipments. Sensitivity analysis shows that sensitive parameters for the simulation of discharge include curve number, soil evaporation compensation factor, depth of water in shallow aquifer and slope of subbasin. Statistical comparisons between monthly simulated results and observed data for the calibration period gave a reasonable agreement with a coefficient of determination （R2） greater than 0.75 and Nash-Sutcliffe Coefficient （NSE） equal to 0.72. These values were respectively 0.70 and 0.64 for validation period. Overall, the SWAT model has the capability to predict runoff within a complex semi-arid catchment.展开更多
Centrifuge is a promising tool for underwater explosion(UNDEX) research as both Mach and Froude similitudes could be satisfied with hyper-gravity in models, which would result in similarities in both shock wave and bu...Centrifuge is a promising tool for underwater explosion(UNDEX) research as both Mach and Froude similitudes could be satisfied with hyper-gravity in models, which would result in similarities in both shock wave and bubble oscillation. Scaling laws for UNDEX in centrifuge have been proposed based on dimensional analysis. Two dimensionless numbers, i.e.,π_3 and π_4, are used to characterize shock wave and bubble oscillation, respectively. To validate scaling laws, 17 UNDEX tests are designed by varying accelerations or explosive weights and positions in centrifuge. The tests are classified into different groups to validate scaling laws as well as calibrate coefficients in empirical formulae for both shock wave and bubble oscillation. The results show that changes of gravity acceleration or hydrodynamic pressure almost has no influence on shock wave peak pressure and time constant as long as π3 is constant. The dimensionless bubble period and maximum radius agreed with each other when π4 is constant. Based on the research, an example is exhibited to suggest method for the computation of initial loading conditions for a submerged obstacle subjected to UNDEX.展开更多
Calibration coefficients validation is the foundation for ascertaining the sensor performance and carrying out the quantitative application.Based on the analysis of the differences between the calibration and validati...Calibration coefficients validation is the foundation for ascertaining the sensor performance and carrying out the quantitative application.Based on the analysis of the differences between the calibration and validation,two calibration coefficients validation methods were introduced in this paper.Taking the HJ-1A satellite CCD1 camera as an example,the uncertainties of calibration coefficients validation were analyzed.The calibration coefficients validation errors were simulated based on the measured data at an Inner Mongolia test site.The result showed that in the large view angle,the ground directional reflectance variation and the atmospheric path variation were the main error sources in calibration coefficients validation.The ground directional reflectance correction and atmospheric observation angle normalization should be carried out to improve the validation accuracy of calibration coefficients.展开更多
文摘This paper presents the method for the performance calibration of AACMM （articulated arm coordinate measuring machines） according to ASME B89.4.22 Standard. The growing use of this class of measurement equipment has been accompanied by an absence of authorized laboratories to provide calibration certificates for its performance. Due to ASME B89.4.22 and VD12617-9 are nowadays the unique standards in the field of AACMM verification, IK4 Tekniker has compared both of them in order to develop internal test procedures to yield reliable performance calibration results. As a result, IK4 Tekniker has been recognized by the Spanish Accreditation Body （ENAC） in the field of AACMM calibration. Internal test procedures and uncertainty evaluation analysis have been developed as well as ENAC certificated reference test equipments have been acquired to ensure a suitable AACMM calibration process.
基金supported by the national natural science foundation of China (Grant Nos.40505006 and 40775026)
文摘The automatic all-sky imager developed by the Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,provides all-sky visible images in the red,green,and blue channels.This paper presents three major cali-bration experiments of the all-sky imager,geometric an-gular calibration,optical calibration,and radiometric calibration,and then infers an algorithm to retrieve rela-tive radiance from the all-sky images.Field experiments show that the related coefficient between retrieved radi-ance and measured radiance is about 0.91.It is feasible to use the algorithm to retrieve radiance from images.The paper sets up a relationship between radiance and the im-age,which is useful for using the all-sky image in nu-merical-simulations that predict more meteorological pa-rameters.
基金supported by the Foundation for Scientific Research Program of AQSlQ's(Grant No. 2007QK30)the CNIS's Program on Basic Research Fund (Grant No. 51076S-1467) Study on Feasibility of Establishing the Discipline of StandardizationNo. 10-36 programs funded for scientific research of AQSIQ, Study on Boosting Education about Standardization and the Discipline of Standardization Development.
文摘This paper summarizes partial findings on education about standardization by CNIS in 2008. As of December 31, 2008, 21 universities and colleges in China had established a standardization curriculum. This paper deals with standardization education related to economic management, engineering, agriculture and science of law and summarizes respondents＇ opinions on teaching performances and design of teaching materials and curriculums.
文摘the accreditation of educational leadership makes up an important part of American educational management reform, the core significance of which lies in integrating the accreditation standards of school educational leadership and comprehensively improving the quality and international competitiveness of Primary and secondary schools in America. The article lays emphasis on the background for introducing the accreditation policy of educational leadership, the content structure of the accreditation policy of educalional leadership and its characteristics as well as providing beneficial reference for improving the accreditation standards of school educational leadership of Primafy and secondary schools in America based on the current situation of accreditation of principals and the direction of reform in China.
文摘In the field of the water resources, hydrologic models have been used to assess water quality performance of complex watersheds and river basins. Hydrologic models can provide essential information for making decisions on sustainable management system of water resources within watersheds. The main objective of this study was to validate the performance of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool （SWAT） and the feasibility of using this model as a simulator of runoff at a catchment scale in semi-arid area in Northwestern Tunisia. Calibration and validation of the model output were performed by comparing predicted runoff with corresponding measurements from the Sarrath outlet for the periods 1990-1995 for calibration and 2000-2005 for validation. The time series for the years 1996-1999 showed discrepancies between the measured rainfall and the observed runoff indicating errors due to either the observations or to a dysfunction in the equipments. Sensitivity analysis shows that sensitive parameters for the simulation of discharge include curve number, soil evaporation compensation factor, depth of water in shallow aquifer and slope of subbasin. Statistical comparisons between monthly simulated results and observed data for the calibration period gave a reasonable agreement with a coefficient of determination （R2） greater than 0.75 and Nash-Sutcliffe Coefficient （NSE） equal to 0.72. These values were respectively 0.70 and 0.64 for validation period. Overall, the SWAT model has the capability to predict runoff within a complex semi-arid catchment.
基金supported by the State Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51339006)
文摘Centrifuge is a promising tool for underwater explosion(UNDEX) research as both Mach and Froude similitudes could be satisfied with hyper-gravity in models, which would result in similarities in both shock wave and bubble oscillation. Scaling laws for UNDEX in centrifuge have been proposed based on dimensional analysis. Two dimensionless numbers, i.e.,π_3 and π_4, are used to characterize shock wave and bubble oscillation, respectively. To validate scaling laws, 17 UNDEX tests are designed by varying accelerations or explosive weights and positions in centrifuge. The tests are classified into different groups to validate scaling laws as well as calibrate coefficients in empirical formulae for both shock wave and bubble oscillation. The results show that changes of gravity acceleration or hydrodynamic pressure almost has no influence on shock wave peak pressure and time constant as long as π3 is constant. The dimensionless bubble period and maximum radius agreed with each other when π4 is constant. Based on the research, an example is exhibited to suggest method for the computation of initial loading conditions for a submerged obstacle subjected to UNDEX.
基金supported by the International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of China(Grant No.2008DFA21540)the National Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2006AA12Z113)+1 种基金the Chinese Defense Advance Research Program of Science and Technologythe Young Talents Filed Special Project of Institute of Remote Sensing and Application of Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Calibration coefficients validation is the foundation for ascertaining the sensor performance and carrying out the quantitative application.Based on the analysis of the differences between the calibration and validation,two calibration coefficients validation methods were introduced in this paper.Taking the HJ-1A satellite CCD1 camera as an example,the uncertainties of calibration coefficients validation were analyzed.The calibration coefficients validation errors were simulated based on the measured data at an Inner Mongolia test site.The result showed that in the large view angle,the ground directional reflectance variation and the atmospheric path variation were the main error sources in calibration coefficients validation.The ground directional reflectance correction and atmospheric observation angle normalization should be carried out to improve the validation accuracy of calibration coefficients.
