探讨了和式sum from x=1 to n (x^m)(x,m∈Z^+)的求解,利用差分法求解了和式sum from x=1 to n (x^m)。研究结果表明,只要m为一有限整数,利用差分表可以快速求解出sum from x=1 to n (x^m)的求和公式,且仅仅只需要列出差分表的前m+2行。
Pea ( Pisum sativum Linn.) actin gene family contains at least three isoforms (PEAcⅠ, PEAcⅡand PEAcⅢ), and the DNA sequence of these isoforms show high similarity in the coding regions and significant divergence...Pea ( Pisum sativum Linn.) actin gene family contains at least three isoforms (PEAcⅠ, PEAcⅡand PEAcⅢ), and the DNA sequence of these isoforms show high similarity in the coding regions and significant divergence in the untranslated regions. RT_PCR and Southern blotting using 3′_untranslated region (3′_UTR) as specific probe revealed that pea isoactin genes were expressed in roots, stems, leaves, tendrils, pollen and juvenile siliques, but displayed different patterns of transcript accumulation. Two_fold serial dilution electrophoresis showed PEAcⅠ mRNA preferentially accumulated in rapidly developing tissues: it peaked in seven days' stem; remained at a rather high level in leaves within a month but decreased significantly later; varied a little in tendrils and reached a median and a very low level respectively in juvenile siliques and in pollen. PEAcⅡ displayed somewhat similar expression pattern to PEAcⅠ. The observed differences in sequences and transcript accumulation patterns suggest that the individual pea actin genes may differ in their transcriptional regulation and cellular function. Phylogenetic tree of actins showed that pea actin isoforms are as diverged from each other as they are from other plant actins, and pea actins might have originated from a common ancestor before the divergence of the dicot and monocot plants.展开更多
The ACC synthase is the key enzyme in ethylene biosynthesis and fruit ripening. To study the mechanism of ACC synthase in peach Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) fruit ripening, we cloned a full_length cDNA of ACC synthase ...The ACC synthase is the key enzyme in ethylene biosynthesis and fruit ripening. To study the mechanism of ACC synthase in peach Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) fruit ripening, we cloned a full_length cDNA of ACC synthase pacs from peach using 5′/3′ RACE PCR. The nucleic acid sequence of pacs was 1 848 bp, containing 177 bp of 5′untranslated sequence, 1 449 bp of an open reading frame, and 219 bp of 3′untranslated sequence (excluding the stop codon TAA). The pacs open reading frame encoded a 483_amino acid polypeptide with a predicted size of 54 kD and a calculated PI of 6.43. The deduced protein from ACC synthase cDNA pacs had 65%, 70%, 75%, and 90% homology with the other deduced proteins from tomato (S19677), plum (AB031026), papaya (U68216) and apple (AB034993), which contained the active site of ACC synthase SLSKDMGFPGFR conserved among these plant ACC synthases. RNA_based PCR amplification combined with hybridization analysis with pacs and another ACC synthase cDNApacs12 (AF467782) cloned by us before as probes, indicated that expression patterns of both clones were very similar. mRNAs of both clones expressed in the alabastrum and petal, and were induced after ethylene treatment. Wounding and IAA treatments could induce ACC synthase expression of both clones in the leaves. However, the wounding treatment of leaves has induced more abundant pacs ACC synthase expression than that ofpacs12. Pacs mRNA expressed in both green mature and ripening fruit, whilepacs12mRNA was little or undetectable in green mature fruit, but apparent in ripening fruit. Both clone mRNAs accumulated more in leaves (following wounding and IAA treatments) and flowers than in fruits.展开更多
[Objective] The 15urpose was to seek for the different phenotypes between wild type and Arabidopsis Mutants in response to CO2. [Method] The epidermis bioassays and seed germination test were carried out to analyze th...[Objective] The 15urpose was to seek for the different phenotypes between wild type and Arabidopsis Mutants in response to CO2. [Method] The epidermis bioassays and seed germination test were carried out to analyze the physiological characteristics of two Arabidopsis mu- tants and their wild type. [Result] There existed distinct differences in stomata apertures, water loss and leaf temperature compared with wild type except for stomata density. In addition, seed germination test on the medium indicated that cdfl was insensitive to ABA, mannitol and NaCI, but cdsl performed contrary to cdil. [ Conclusion] There are some different physiological characteristics between wild type and mutants.展开更多
[Objective] The research aimed to carry out the cloning,identification and differential expression analysis of carp interleukin-1β （IL-1β） cDNA. [Method] By using DD-RTPCR method,the differential expression cDNA f...[Objective] The research aimed to carry out the cloning,identification and differential expression analysis of carp interleukin-1β （IL-1β） cDNA. [Method] By using DD-RTPCR method,the differential expression cDNA fragments were gained. The cDNA library of carp peripheral blood leucocytes which was stimulated by the mitogen was screened,and the full length cDNA of carp IL-1β was cloned. Moreover,the sequence analysis and differential expression analysis were carried out. [Result] The positive clone which had a whole ORF that encoded 276 amino acids was obtained. The cluster analysis showed that the amino acid sequence of carp IL-1β and Japanese carp closely gathered as a branch,and the homoeology of amino acid sequence reached 95%. The clustering order was the carassius,zebra fish,pig,cattle,horse,human and mouse in turn. The differential expression analysis showed that the expression of IL-1β in the leucocytes significantly increased in the prior period （4 h） after the mitogen stimulated. But as the time went by （12 and 24 h）,it didn＇t increase in the same period. The total trend of expression amount presented the peak type. [Conclusion] The research laid the foundation for further studying the expression manner,function characteristic,regulation mechanism of IL-1β in vivo and its action mechanisms in the inflammatory reaction,emergency reaction and immune response.展开更多
We present a finite difference （FD） method for the simulation of seismic wave fields in fractured medium with an irregular （non-fiat） free surface which is beneficial for interpreting exploration data acquired in ...We present a finite difference （FD） method for the simulation of seismic wave fields in fractured medium with an irregular （non-fiat） free surface which is beneficial for interpreting exploration data acquired in mountainous regions. Fractures are introduced through the Coates-Schoenberg approach into the FD scheme which leads to local anisotropic properties of the media where fractures are embedded. To implement surface topography, we take advantage of the boundary-conforming grid and map a rectangular grid onto a curved one. We use a stable and explicit second-order accurate finite difference scheme to discretize the elastic wave equations （in a curvilinear coordinate system） in a 2D heterogeneous transversely isotropic medium with a horizontal axis of symmetry （HTI）. Efficiency tests performed by different numerical experiments clearly illustrate the influence of an irregular free surface on seismic wave propagation in fractured media which may be significant to mountain seismic exploration. The tests also illustrate that the scattered waves induced by the tips of the fracture are re-scattered by the features of the free surface topography. The scattered waves provoked by the topography are re-scattered by the fractures, especially Rayleigh wave scattering whose amplitudes are much larger than others and making it very difficult to identify effective information from the fractures.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to explore the proteins related to pistillate flower development in different mulberry cultivars. [Method] The total proteins of the pistillate flowers of two mulberry cultivars Dal0 （Mor...[Objective] This study aimed to explore the proteins related to pistillate flower development in different mulberry cultivars. [Method] The total proteins of the pistillate flowers of two mulberry cultivars Dal0 （Morus atropurpurea Roxb.） and SG01 （Morus muIticaulis Perr.） were extracted, separated and detected through two- dimensional electrophoresis （2-DE） and mass spectrometry. [Result] There was sig- nificant difference in the expression of proteins from the pistillate flowers of different mulberry cultivars. From the 2-DE images of Dal0 and SG01, 445_＋17 and 425_＋12 protein spots were respectively detected. The expression levels of 75 protein spots differed significantly. Thirteen spots those were expressed at high levels and well separated were analyzed by mass spectrometry, and nine of them were identified successfully. The nine proteins are involved in the glycometabolism, protein and amino acid metabolism and defense responses during the development of mulberry pistillate flower after they were pollinated. [Conclusion] The findings will provide reference for further study on the molecular mechanism of mulberry pistillate flower de- velopment.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the relationship between chronic viral hepatitis B(CVHB) and insulin resistance(IR) in Korean adults.METHODS:A total of 7880 adults(3851 men,4029 women) who underwent a comprehensive medical examina...AIM:To investigate the relationship between chronic viral hepatitis B(CVHB) and insulin resistance(IR) in Korean adults.METHODS:A total of 7880 adults(3851 men,4029 women) who underwent a comprehensive medical examination were enrolled in this study.Subjects diagnosed with either diabetes mellitus,or any other disorder that could influence their insulin sensitivity,were rejected.Anthropometry,metabolic risk factors,hepatitis B surface antigen,hepatitis B surface antibody,hepatitis B core antibody,fasting plasma glucose and insulin were measured for all subjects.Homeostasis model assessment(HOMA),quantitative insulin check index(QUICKI),and Mf fm index were used for determining insulin sensitivity.Each participant was categorized into a negative,recovery,or CVHB group.To compare variables between groups,a t-test and/or one-way analysis of variance were used.Partial correlation coefficients were computed to present the association between insulin resistance and other variables.Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess the independent association between CVHB and IR.RESULTS:The mean age of men and women were 48.9 and 48.6 years,respectively.Subjects in the CVHB group had significantly higher waist circumference [(86.0 ± 7.7 cm vs 87.3 ± 7.8 cm,P = 0.004 in men),(78.3 ± 8.6 cm vs 80.5 ± 8.5 cm,P < 0.001 in women)],cystatin C [(0.96 ± 0.15 mg/dL vs 1.02 ± 0.22 mg/dL,P < 0.001 in men),(0.84 ± 0.15 mg/dL vs 0.90 ± 0.16 mg/dL,P < 0.001 in women)],fasting insulin [(5.47 ± 3.38 U/mL vs 6.12 ± 4.62 U/mL,P < 0.001 in men),(4.57 ± 2.82 U/mL vs 5.06 ± 3.10 U/mL,P < 0.001 in women)] and HOMA index [(1.24 ± 0.86 vs 1.43 ± 1.24,P < 0.001 in men),(1.02 ± 0.76 vs 1.13 ± 0.87,P = 0.033 in women)] compared to control group.The HOMA index revealed a positive correlation with body mass index(BMI)(r = 0.378,P < 0.001),waist circumference(r =0.356,P < 0.001),percent body fat(r = 0.296,P < 0.001),systolic blood pressure(r = 0.202,P < 0.001),total cholesterol(r = 0.134,P < 0.001),triglycerides(r = 0.292,P < 0.001),cystatin C(r = 0.069,P < 0.001) and uric acid(r = 0.142,P < 0.001).The QUICKI index revealed a negative correlation with BMI(r =-0.254,P < 0.001),waist circumference(r = 0-0.243,P < 0.001),percent body fat(r =-0.217,P < 0.001),systolic blood pressure(r =-0.132,P < 0.001),total cholesterol(r =-0.106,P < 0.001),triglycerides(r =-0.205,P < 0.001),cystatin C(r =-0.044,P < 0.001) and uric acid(r =-0.096,P < 0.001).For subjects identified with IR,the odds ratio of an accompanying diagnosis of chronic hepatitis B was 1.534(95% CI:1.158-2.031,HOMA index criteria) or 1.566(95% CI:1.124-2.182,QUICKI criteria) after adjustment for age,gender,BMI,and amount of alcohol consumption.CONCLUSION:Our study demonstrates that CVHB is associated with IR.CVHB may need to be monitored for occurrence of IR and diabetes mellitus.展开更多
Thermo-sensitive genic male sterile （TGMS） lines have specific superiority in heterosis utilization of crops. So far, thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines have been found in many plants and are widely used in t...Thermo-sensitive genic male sterile （TGMS） lines have specific superiority in heterosis utilization of crops. So far, thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines have been found in many plants and are widely used in two-line hybrid breeding. With the rapid development of molecular biology, the molecular nature of thermo-sensitive genic male sterility has been revealed, which lays the foundation for further devel- opment and utilization of thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines. In this study, the molecular mechanisms of fertility conversion of plant thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines were reviewed from gene molecular mapping and gene differential ex- pression, and the mechanisms of gene differential expression in thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines were further discussed.展开更多
Polychaete Neanthes japonica is a species geographically specific in China and Japan with important scientific implication and commercial value. In this study, the relations of body weight, salinity and temperature to...Polychaete Neanthes japonica is a species geographically specific in China and Japan with important scientific implication and commercial value. In this study, the relations of body weight, salinity and temperature to oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion of N. japonica were determined. Three different groups in body weight （large： 2.34±0.36 g, middle： 1.50±0.21 g and small： 0.62±0.12 g） were set for all experiments. Results show that the body weight is negatively related to the rates of oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion; and the relationship is significant. The oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion at 24℃ decreased at salinity from 5 to 30 and increased above 30, indicating that both lower and higher salinity are adverse and certain degree of salinity stress is necessary for enhancing the energy demand. At salinity 30, rising temperature from 18℃ to 30℃, the oxygen consumption increased before 27℃ and then decreased. However, the relation of ammonia excretion and temperature seems more complex. Two-way ANOVA shows that salinity, temperature and body weight all have a significant effect on the oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion of the worm. Moreover, interaction between salinity/temperature and body weight is also significant. O：N （oxygen/nitrogen） ratio varies greatly in this case from 5.97 to 463.22, indicating that N. japonica can regulate the type of metabolic substrate against environment changes.展开更多
Actin depolymerizing factor （ADF）, highly conserved in all eukaryotic cells, is a low molecular mass of actin-binding protein, which plays a key role in modulating the polymerizing and depolymerizing of the actin fi...Actin depolymerizing factor （ADF）, highly conserved in all eukaryotic cells, is a low molecular mass of actin-binding protein, which plays a key role in modulating the polymerizing and depolymerizing of the actin filaments. Four cDNAs （designated GhADF2, GhADF3, GhADF4, and GhADF5, respectively） encoding ADF proteins were isolated from cotton （Gossypium hirsutum） fiber cDNA library. GhADF2 cDNA is 705 bp in length and deduces a protein with 139 amino acids. GhADF3 cDNA is 819 bp in length and encodes a protein of 139 amino acids. GhADF4 cDNA is 804 bp in length and deduces a protein with 143 amino acids. GhADF5 cDNA is 644 bp in length and encodes a protein of 141 amino acids. The molecular evolutionary relationship of these genes was analyzed by means of bioinformatics. GhADF2 is closely related to GhADF3 （99% identity） and PetADF2 （89% identity）. GhADF4 is closely related to AtADF6 （78% identity）, and GhADF5 is closely related to AtADF5 （83% identity）. These results demonstrated that the plant ADF genes are highly conserved in structure. RT-PCR analysis showed that GhADF2 is predominantly expressed in fiber, whereas, GhADF5 is mainly expressed in cotyledons. On the other hand, it seems that GhADF3 and GhADF4 have no tissue specificity. Expression levels of different ADF genes may vary considerably in the same cell type, suggesting that they might be involved in regulating tissue development of cotton and the each ADF isoform may diverge to form the functional difference from the other ADFs during evolution.展开更多
A catastrophic landslide occurred at Xinmo village in Maoxian County, Sichuan Province,China, on June 24, 2017. A 2.87×106 m3 rock mass collapsed and entrained the surface soil layer along the landslide path. Eig...A catastrophic landslide occurred at Xinmo village in Maoxian County, Sichuan Province,China, on June 24, 2017. A 2.87×106 m3 rock mass collapsed and entrained the surface soil layer along the landslide path. Eighty-three people were killed or went missing and more than 103 houses were destroyed. In this paper, the geological conditions of the landslide are analyzed via field investigation and high-resolution imagery. The dynamic process and runout characteristics of the landslide are numerically analyzed using a depth-integrated continuum method and Mac Cormack-TVD finite difference algorithm.Computational results show that the evaluated area of the danger zone matchs well with the results of field investigation. It is worth noting that soil sprayed by the high-speed blast needs to be taken into account for such kind of large high-locality landslide. The maximum velocity is about 55 m/s, which is consistent with most cases. In addition, the potential danger zone of an unstable block is evaluated. The potential risk area evaluated by the efficient depthintegrated continuum method could play a significant role in disaster prevention and secondary hazard avoidance during rescue operations.展开更多
[Objective] The differential expression analysis was performed for FaGF14- B and FaGF14-C genes in tall fescue so as to provide certain basis for follow-up functional analysis of genes. [Method] The sequence fragments...[Objective] The differential expression analysis was performed for FaGF14- B and FaGF14-C genes in tall fescue so as to provide certain basis for follow-up functional analysis of genes. [Method] The sequence fragments of FaGF14-B and FaGF14-C obtained from reverse transcription were used as templates, and the full- length cDNA sequences of FaGF14-B and FaGF14-C were amplified using the 5＇ RACE use 3＇RACE techniques. They were named as FaGF14-B and FaGF14-C, and used for nucleic acid sequence analysis, encoded protein analysis, protein con- served domain analysis, phylogenetic analysis and differential expression analysis. [Result] The FaGF14-B gene has a full length of 1 548 bp. It has a complete open reading frame （ORF, 449-1 228 bp）, and encodes a protein composed of 261 amino acids. The FaGF14-C gene has a full length of 1 250 bp. It also has a complete open reading frame （ORF, 66-848 bp）, and encodes a protein composed of 261 amino acids. The GF14-B and GF14-C proteins all have a typical domain 14-3-3, and their secondary structures all contain 9 conserved co-helical structures and non-conserved N- and C- terminals. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the FaGF14-B and FaGF14-C from tall rescue have high similarities with GF14 protein from gramineous plants, and they are divided into the same clade with closer ge- netic relationship. The real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR analysis showed that the expression of FaGF14-B and FaGF14-C genes is all sensitive to nitrogen stress. [Conclusion] This study will lay a theoretical basis for further screening of low nitrogen-tolerant genes and breeding of low nitrogen-tolerant grass germplasms.展开更多
文摘探讨了和式sum from x=1 to n (x^m)(x,m∈Z^+)的求解,利用差分法求解了和式sum from x=1 to n (x^m)。研究结果表明,只要m为一有限整数,利用差分表可以快速求解出sum from x=1 to n (x^m)的求和公式,且仅仅只需要列出差分表的前m+2行。
文摘Pea ( Pisum sativum Linn.) actin gene family contains at least three isoforms (PEAcⅠ, PEAcⅡand PEAcⅢ), and the DNA sequence of these isoforms show high similarity in the coding regions and significant divergence in the untranslated regions. RT_PCR and Southern blotting using 3′_untranslated region (3′_UTR) as specific probe revealed that pea isoactin genes were expressed in roots, stems, leaves, tendrils, pollen and juvenile siliques, but displayed different patterns of transcript accumulation. Two_fold serial dilution electrophoresis showed PEAcⅠ mRNA preferentially accumulated in rapidly developing tissues: it peaked in seven days' stem; remained at a rather high level in leaves within a month but decreased significantly later; varied a little in tendrils and reached a median and a very low level respectively in juvenile siliques and in pollen. PEAcⅡ displayed somewhat similar expression pattern to PEAcⅠ. The observed differences in sequences and transcript accumulation patterns suggest that the individual pea actin genes may differ in their transcriptional regulation and cellular function. Phylogenetic tree of actins showed that pea actin isoforms are as diverged from each other as they are from other plant actins, and pea actins might have originated from a common ancestor before the divergence of the dicot and monocot plants.
文摘The ACC synthase is the key enzyme in ethylene biosynthesis and fruit ripening. To study the mechanism of ACC synthase in peach Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) fruit ripening, we cloned a full_length cDNA of ACC synthase pacs from peach using 5′/3′ RACE PCR. The nucleic acid sequence of pacs was 1 848 bp, containing 177 bp of 5′untranslated sequence, 1 449 bp of an open reading frame, and 219 bp of 3′untranslated sequence (excluding the stop codon TAA). The pacs open reading frame encoded a 483_amino acid polypeptide with a predicted size of 54 kD and a calculated PI of 6.43. The deduced protein from ACC synthase cDNA pacs had 65%, 70%, 75%, and 90% homology with the other deduced proteins from tomato (S19677), plum (AB031026), papaya (U68216) and apple (AB034993), which contained the active site of ACC synthase SLSKDMGFPGFR conserved among these plant ACC synthases. RNA_based PCR amplification combined with hybridization analysis with pacs and another ACC synthase cDNApacs12 (AF467782) cloned by us before as probes, indicated that expression patterns of both clones were very similar. mRNAs of both clones expressed in the alabastrum and petal, and were induced after ethylene treatment. Wounding and IAA treatments could induce ACC synthase expression of both clones in the leaves. However, the wounding treatment of leaves has induced more abundant pacs ACC synthase expression than that ofpacs12. Pacs mRNA expressed in both green mature and ripening fruit, whilepacs12mRNA was little or undetectable in green mature fruit, but apparent in ripening fruit. Both clone mRNAs accumulated more in leaves (following wounding and IAA treatments) and flowers than in fruits.
文摘[Objective] The 15urpose was to seek for the different phenotypes between wild type and Arabidopsis Mutants in response to CO2. [Method] The epidermis bioassays and seed germination test were carried out to analyze the physiological characteristics of two Arabidopsis mu- tants and their wild type. [Result] There existed distinct differences in stomata apertures, water loss and leaf temperature compared with wild type except for stomata density. In addition, seed germination test on the medium indicated that cdfl was insensitive to ABA, mannitol and NaCI, but cdsl performed contrary to cdil. [ Conclusion] There are some different physiological characteristics between wild type and mutants.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation Item(30972277)~~
文摘[Objective] The research aimed to carry out the cloning,identification and differential expression analysis of carp interleukin-1β （IL-1β） cDNA. [Method] By using DD-RTPCR method,the differential expression cDNA fragments were gained. The cDNA library of carp peripheral blood leucocytes which was stimulated by the mitogen was screened,and the full length cDNA of carp IL-1β was cloned. Moreover,the sequence analysis and differential expression analysis were carried out. [Result] The positive clone which had a whole ORF that encoded 276 amino acids was obtained. The cluster analysis showed that the amino acid sequence of carp IL-1β and Japanese carp closely gathered as a branch,and the homoeology of amino acid sequence reached 95%. The clustering order was the carassius,zebra fish,pig,cattle,horse,human and mouse in turn. The differential expression analysis showed that the expression of IL-1β in the leucocytes significantly increased in the prior period （4 h） after the mitogen stimulated. But as the time went by （12 and 24 h）,it didn＇t increase in the same period. The total trend of expression amount presented the peak type. [Conclusion] The research laid the foundation for further studying the expression manner,function characteristic,regulation mechanism of IL-1β in vivo and its action mechanisms in the inflammatory reaction,emergency reaction and immune response.
基金sponsored by the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences No.KZCX2-YW-132)the Important National Science and Technology Specific Projects(No.2008ZX05008-006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China Nos.41074033,40721003,40830315,and 40874041)
文摘We present a finite difference （FD） method for the simulation of seismic wave fields in fractured medium with an irregular （non-fiat） free surface which is beneficial for interpreting exploration data acquired in mountainous regions. Fractures are introduced through the Coates-Schoenberg approach into the FD scheme which leads to local anisotropic properties of the media where fractures are embedded. To implement surface topography, we take advantage of the boundary-conforming grid and map a rectangular grid onto a curved one. We use a stable and explicit second-order accurate finite difference scheme to discretize the elastic wave equations （in a curvilinear coordinate system） in a 2D heterogeneous transversely isotropic medium with a horizontal axis of symmetry （HTI）. Efficiency tests performed by different numerical experiments clearly illustrate the influence of an irregular free surface on seismic wave propagation in fractured media which may be significant to mountain seismic exploration. The tests also illustrate that the scattered waves induced by the tips of the fracture are re-scattered by the features of the free surface topography. The scattered waves provoked by the topography are re-scattered by the fractures, especially Rayleigh wave scattering whose amplitudes are much larger than others and making it very difficult to identify effective information from the fractures.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31072087)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to explore the proteins related to pistillate flower development in different mulberry cultivars. [Method] The total proteins of the pistillate flowers of two mulberry cultivars Dal0 （Morus atropurpurea Roxb.） and SG01 （Morus muIticaulis Perr.） were extracted, separated and detected through two- dimensional electrophoresis （2-DE） and mass spectrometry. [Result] There was sig- nificant difference in the expression of proteins from the pistillate flowers of different mulberry cultivars. From the 2-DE images of Dal0 and SG01, 445_＋17 and 425_＋12 protein spots were respectively detected. The expression levels of 75 protein spots differed significantly. Thirteen spots those were expressed at high levels and well separated were analyzed by mass spectrometry, and nine of them were identified successfully. The nine proteins are involved in the glycometabolism, protein and amino acid metabolism and defense responses during the development of mulberry pistillate flower after they were pollinated. [Conclusion] The findings will provide reference for further study on the molecular mechanism of mulberry pistillate flower de- velopment.
文摘AIM:To investigate the relationship between chronic viral hepatitis B(CVHB) and insulin resistance(IR) in Korean adults.METHODS:A total of 7880 adults(3851 men,4029 women) who underwent a comprehensive medical examination were enrolled in this study.Subjects diagnosed with either diabetes mellitus,or any other disorder that could influence their insulin sensitivity,were rejected.Anthropometry,metabolic risk factors,hepatitis B surface antigen,hepatitis B surface antibody,hepatitis B core antibody,fasting plasma glucose and insulin were measured for all subjects.Homeostasis model assessment(HOMA),quantitative insulin check index(QUICKI),and Mf fm index were used for determining insulin sensitivity.Each participant was categorized into a negative,recovery,or CVHB group.To compare variables between groups,a t-test and/or one-way analysis of variance were used.Partial correlation coefficients were computed to present the association between insulin resistance and other variables.Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess the independent association between CVHB and IR.RESULTS:The mean age of men and women were 48.9 and 48.6 years,respectively.Subjects in the CVHB group had significantly higher waist circumference [(86.0 ± 7.7 cm vs 87.3 ± 7.8 cm,P = 0.004 in men),(78.3 ± 8.6 cm vs 80.5 ± 8.5 cm,P < 0.001 in women)],cystatin C [(0.96 ± 0.15 mg/dL vs 1.02 ± 0.22 mg/dL,P < 0.001 in men),(0.84 ± 0.15 mg/dL vs 0.90 ± 0.16 mg/dL,P < 0.001 in women)],fasting insulin [(5.47 ± 3.38 U/mL vs 6.12 ± 4.62 U/mL,P < 0.001 in men),(4.57 ± 2.82 U/mL vs 5.06 ± 3.10 U/mL,P < 0.001 in women)] and HOMA index [(1.24 ± 0.86 vs 1.43 ± 1.24,P < 0.001 in men),(1.02 ± 0.76 vs 1.13 ± 0.87,P = 0.033 in women)] compared to control group.The HOMA index revealed a positive correlation with body mass index(BMI)(r = 0.378,P < 0.001),waist circumference(r =0.356,P < 0.001),percent body fat(r = 0.296,P < 0.001),systolic blood pressure(r = 0.202,P < 0.001),total cholesterol(r = 0.134,P < 0.001),triglycerides(r = 0.292,P < 0.001),cystatin C(r = 0.069,P < 0.001) and uric acid(r = 0.142,P < 0.001).The QUICKI index revealed a negative correlation with BMI(r =-0.254,P < 0.001),waist circumference(r = 0-0.243,P < 0.001),percent body fat(r =-0.217,P < 0.001),systolic blood pressure(r =-0.132,P < 0.001),total cholesterol(r =-0.106,P < 0.001),triglycerides(r =-0.205,P < 0.001),cystatin C(r =-0.044,P < 0.001) and uric acid(r =-0.096,P < 0.001).For subjects identified with IR,the odds ratio of an accompanying diagnosis of chronic hepatitis B was 1.534(95% CI:1.158-2.031,HOMA index criteria) or 1.566(95% CI:1.124-2.182,QUICKI criteria) after adjustment for age,gender,BMI,and amount of alcohol consumption.CONCLUSION:Our study demonstrates that CVHB is associated with IR.CVHB may need to be monitored for occurrence of IR and diabetes mellitus.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (31160289)~~
文摘Thermo-sensitive genic male sterile （TGMS） lines have specific superiority in heterosis utilization of crops. So far, thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines have been found in many plants and are widely used in two-line hybrid breeding. With the rapid development of molecular biology, the molecular nature of thermo-sensitive genic male sterility has been revealed, which lays the foundation for further devel- opment and utilization of thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines. In this study, the molecular mechanisms of fertility conversion of plant thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines were reviewed from gene molecular mapping and gene differential ex- pression, and the mechanisms of gene differential expression in thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines were further discussed.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30490233)the Three-Gorge Project and the Estuarine Environment (No. SX2004-018) from the Three Gorges Project Construction Committee
文摘Polychaete Neanthes japonica is a species geographically specific in China and Japan with important scientific implication and commercial value. In this study, the relations of body weight, salinity and temperature to oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion of N. japonica were determined. Three different groups in body weight （large： 2.34±0.36 g, middle： 1.50±0.21 g and small： 0.62±0.12 g） were set for all experiments. Results show that the body weight is negatively related to the rates of oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion; and the relationship is significant. The oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion at 24℃ decreased at salinity from 5 to 30 and increased above 30, indicating that both lower and higher salinity are adverse and certain degree of salinity stress is necessary for enhancing the energy demand. At salinity 30, rising temperature from 18℃ to 30℃, the oxygen consumption increased before 27℃ and then decreased. However, the relation of ammonia excretion and temperature seems more complex. Two-way ANOVA shows that salinity, temperature and body weight all have a significant effect on the oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion of the worm. Moreover, interaction between salinity/temperature and body weight is also significant. O：N （oxygen/nitrogen） ratio varies greatly in this case from 5.97 to 463.22, indicating that N. japonica can regulate the type of metabolic substrate against environment changes.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (No. 30470930)the Ministry of Education of China (No. 104130)the National Program for Basic Research and Development (973) of China (No. 2004CB117304).
文摘Actin depolymerizing factor （ADF）, highly conserved in all eukaryotic cells, is a low molecular mass of actin-binding protein, which plays a key role in modulating the polymerizing and depolymerizing of the actin filaments. Four cDNAs （designated GhADF2, GhADF3, GhADF4, and GhADF5, respectively） encoding ADF proteins were isolated from cotton （Gossypium hirsutum） fiber cDNA library. GhADF2 cDNA is 705 bp in length and deduces a protein with 139 amino acids. GhADF3 cDNA is 819 bp in length and encodes a protein of 139 amino acids. GhADF4 cDNA is 804 bp in length and deduces a protein with 143 amino acids. GhADF5 cDNA is 644 bp in length and encodes a protein of 141 amino acids. The molecular evolutionary relationship of these genes was analyzed by means of bioinformatics. GhADF2 is closely related to GhADF3 （99% identity） and PetADF2 （89% identity）. GhADF4 is closely related to AtADF6 （78% identity）, and GhADF5 is closely related to AtADF5 （83% identity）. These results demonstrated that the plant ADF genes are highly conserved in structure. RT-PCR analysis showed that GhADF2 is predominantly expressed in fiber, whereas, GhADF5 is mainly expressed in cotyledons. On the other hand, it seems that GhADF3 and GhADF4 have no tissue specificity. Expression levels of different ADF genes may vary considerably in the same cell type, suggesting that they might be involved in regulating tissue development of cotton and the each ADF isoform may diverge to form the functional difference from the other ADFs during evolution.
基金Financial support from National Nature Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41572303, 41520104002)Chinese Academy of Sciences “Light of West China” Program and Youth Innovation Promotion Association
文摘A catastrophic landslide occurred at Xinmo village in Maoxian County, Sichuan Province,China, on June 24, 2017. A 2.87×106 m3 rock mass collapsed and entrained the surface soil layer along the landslide path. Eighty-three people were killed or went missing and more than 103 houses were destroyed. In this paper, the geological conditions of the landslide are analyzed via field investigation and high-resolution imagery. The dynamic process and runout characteristics of the landslide are numerically analyzed using a depth-integrated continuum method and Mac Cormack-TVD finite difference algorithm.Computational results show that the evaluated area of the danger zone matchs well with the results of field investigation. It is worth noting that soil sprayed by the high-speed blast needs to be taken into account for such kind of large high-locality landslide. The maximum velocity is about 55 m/s, which is consistent with most cases. In addition, the potential danger zone of an unstable block is evaluated. The potential risk area evaluated by the efficient depthintegrated continuum method could play a significant role in disaster prevention and secondary hazard avoidance during rescue operations.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31360576)~~
文摘[Objective] The differential expression analysis was performed for FaGF14- B and FaGF14-C genes in tall fescue so as to provide certain basis for follow-up functional analysis of genes. [Method] The sequence fragments of FaGF14-B and FaGF14-C obtained from reverse transcription were used as templates, and the full- length cDNA sequences of FaGF14-B and FaGF14-C were amplified using the 5＇ RACE use 3＇RACE techniques. They were named as FaGF14-B and FaGF14-C, and used for nucleic acid sequence analysis, encoded protein analysis, protein con- served domain analysis, phylogenetic analysis and differential expression analysis. [Result] The FaGF14-B gene has a full length of 1 548 bp. It has a complete open reading frame （ORF, 449-1 228 bp）, and encodes a protein composed of 261 amino acids. The FaGF14-C gene has a full length of 1 250 bp. It also has a complete open reading frame （ORF, 66-848 bp）, and encodes a protein composed of 261 amino acids. The GF14-B and GF14-C proteins all have a typical domain 14-3-3, and their secondary structures all contain 9 conserved co-helical structures and non-conserved N- and C- terminals. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the FaGF14-B and FaGF14-C from tall rescue have high similarities with GF14 protein from gramineous plants, and they are divided into the same clade with closer ge- netic relationship. The real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR analysis showed that the expression of FaGF14-B and FaGF14-C genes is all sensitive to nitrogen stress. [Conclusion] This study will lay a theoretical basis for further screening of low nitrogen-tolerant genes and breeding of low nitrogen-tolerant grass germplasms.
