The aim of this paper is to challenge the traditional or standard view of the current processes of decentralisation within institutions and administrations, in order to reconstruct the dynamic of such processes in ter...The aim of this paper is to challenge the traditional or standard view of the current processes of decentralisation within institutions and administrations, in order to reconstruct the dynamic of such processes in terms of new values and new rights. Therefore, this paper censures the ＂reductionist＂ vision of decentralisation that envisages it merely as an administrative and institutional event and, in contrast, develops a concept of decentralisation as a social, political, and legal process linked to new constitutional values and new fundamental rights, whereby, it might be included within the sphere of a general theory of rights and take on an important role within this area. This work vindicates the idea that contemporary decentralization must form a part of the historical processes of the generalisation and specification of rights where in the goal is the fulfilment of the following maxim： rights for all and not merely for a few. To achieve this goal, decentralisation can incorporate the instrument of ＂positive discrimination＂ as a ＂strategy for equality＂, which can employ to create ＂specific rights＂ aims primarily at the members of the most vulnerable groups.展开更多
Fluctuations of the world oil prices affect economic performance. Outside the impact on the sector of energy production, the rising oil price has consequences on inflationary pressures and a deteriorating fiscal posit...Fluctuations of the world oil prices affect economic performance. Outside the impact on the sector of energy production, the rising oil price has consequences on inflationary pressures and a deteriorating fiscal position of Burkina Faso. In this context, studying the impact of rising oil prices on the economy, especially the cost of living of its population has a great interest because although many studies have attempted to link 〈〈oil prices〉~ and 〈〈cost of living~, very few have focused on the specific case of Burkina Faso. This allows us to make our contribution to this construction literature. This contribution will consist to highlight the relation between changes in oil prices and the cost of living in Burkina Faso. Also to be reached, we will find the best indicator to reflect the cost of living in Burkina Faso, identify the suitable econometric model for estimating the correlation and verify the existence of the relation between oil prices and the cost of living. For a better approach to this study, we used a VAR （Vector Auto-Regressive） model. Also, we will use documentary research that will make an assessment on the existing in terms of theoretical debates around the theme descriptive statistics that will help to introduce and describe the variables used in the study, and econometric analysis will analyze and estimate the parameters of our objective function using Eviews.展开更多
This paper concerns in studying the evaluation of investment in sea hub ports, in terms of investment＇s real cost, types of investments, their aims, the direct and indirect effects of these investments, and the vario...This paper concerns in studying the evaluation of investment in sea hub ports, in terms of investment＇s real cost, types of investments, their aims, the direct and indirect effects of these investments, and the various methods used to assess the expected returns from such projects, in order to propose a criterion for investment in sea hub ports. Through divining methodological framework into three sections： the first one covers the topic of investment in general, its types, purposes, and its determinants; While the second section covers the different definitions of ports and types of investment projects in them, their nature, purposes and effects; Section three concentrates on the appropriateness of the methods used to evaluate sea port project, concluding a benchmark formula to be used in evaluating maritime hub port investment projects.展开更多
This article aims to structure an English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classroom observation scheme (OS). The writer presents the basics and bases of the OS, followed by an analysis of the focuses of the OS. In conclus...This article aims to structure an English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classroom observation scheme (OS). The writer presents the basics and bases of the OS, followed by an analysis of the focuses of the OS. In conclusion, the writer holds that middle school EFL teachers, teaching coordinators and teacher researchers might find the OS to be an efficient tool with which to observe Chinese middle school EFL classrooms, especially in terms of student development and teachers' professional development.展开更多
We give a necessary and sufficient condition for the fundamental group homomorphism of a map between CW-complexes(manifolds) to induce partial homology equivalences. As applications, we obtain characterizations of fun...We give a necessary and sufficient condition for the fundamental group homomorphism of a map between CW-complexes(manifolds) to induce partial homology equivalences. As applications, we obtain characterizations of fundamental groups of homology spheres and Moore manifolds. Moreover, a classification of one-sided h-cobordism of manifolds up to diffeomorphisms is obtained, based on Quillen's plus construction with Whitehead torsions.展开更多
Ultrasonic backscatter signals from cancellous bone are sensitive to the microstructure of trabecular bone,and thus enable the feasibility to extract microstructural information of trabecular bone.The mean trabecular ...Ultrasonic backscatter signals from cancellous bone are sensitive to the microstructure of trabecular bone,and thus enable the feasibility to extract microstructural information of trabecular bone.The mean trabecular bone spacing(MTBS)is an important parameter for characterizing bone microstructure.This paper proposes an MTBS estimation method based on the combination of Hilbert transform and fundamental frequency estimation(CHF). The CHF was verified with ultrasonic backscatter signals from simulations and in vitro measurements at a central frequency of 5MHz.The CHF method was compared with the simplified inverse filter tracking(SIFT)method,Simons' Quadratic Transformation(QT)method,Singular Spectrum Analysis(SSA)method,and Spectral Autocorrelation(SAC)method.Monte-Carlo simulations were performed by varying the MTBS,signal-to-noise ratio(SNR),standard deviation of regular spacing(SDRS),amplitude ratio of diffuse scattering to regular scattering(Ad)and frequency dependent attenuation(nBUA).The simulation results showed that the CHF method had a better performance in MTBS estimation under almost all the examination conditions except for SNR.The estimation percentage correct(EPC)was greater than 90% when the MTBS was in the range of 0.4to 1.4mm.In the in vitro measurements,the estimated EPC by the CHF method was91.25±7.81%(mean±standard deviation).A significant correlation was observed for the CHF-estimated MTBS and micro-computed tomography(μ-CT)-measured values(R^2=0.75,p<0.01).These results demonstrate that the CHF method is anti-interference for MTBS estimation and can be used to estimate trabecular bone spacing.展开更多
文摘The aim of this paper is to challenge the traditional or standard view of the current processes of decentralisation within institutions and administrations, in order to reconstruct the dynamic of such processes in terms of new values and new rights. Therefore, this paper censures the ＂reductionist＂ vision of decentralisation that envisages it merely as an administrative and institutional event and, in contrast, develops a concept of decentralisation as a social, political, and legal process linked to new constitutional values and new fundamental rights, whereby, it might be included within the sphere of a general theory of rights and take on an important role within this area. This work vindicates the idea that contemporary decentralization must form a part of the historical processes of the generalisation and specification of rights where in the goal is the fulfilment of the following maxim： rights for all and not merely for a few. To achieve this goal, decentralisation can incorporate the instrument of ＂positive discrimination＂ as a ＂strategy for equality＂, which can employ to create ＂specific rights＂ aims primarily at the members of the most vulnerable groups.
文摘Fluctuations of the world oil prices affect economic performance. Outside the impact on the sector of energy production, the rising oil price has consequences on inflationary pressures and a deteriorating fiscal position of Burkina Faso. In this context, studying the impact of rising oil prices on the economy, especially the cost of living of its population has a great interest because although many studies have attempted to link 〈〈oil prices〉~ and 〈〈cost of living~, very few have focused on the specific case of Burkina Faso. This allows us to make our contribution to this construction literature. This contribution will consist to highlight the relation between changes in oil prices and the cost of living in Burkina Faso. Also to be reached, we will find the best indicator to reflect the cost of living in Burkina Faso, identify the suitable econometric model for estimating the correlation and verify the existence of the relation between oil prices and the cost of living. For a better approach to this study, we used a VAR （Vector Auto-Regressive） model. Also, we will use documentary research that will make an assessment on the existing in terms of theoretical debates around the theme descriptive statistics that will help to introduce and describe the variables used in the study, and econometric analysis will analyze and estimate the parameters of our objective function using Eviews.
文摘This paper concerns in studying the evaluation of investment in sea hub ports, in terms of investment＇s real cost, types of investments, their aims, the direct and indirect effects of these investments, and the various methods used to assess the expected returns from such projects, in order to propose a criterion for investment in sea hub ports. Through divining methodological framework into three sections： the first one covers the topic of investment in general, its types, purposes, and its determinants; While the second section covers the different definitions of ports and types of investment projects in them, their nature, purposes and effects; Section three concentrates on the appropriateness of the methods used to evaluate sea port project, concluding a benchmark formula to be used in evaluating maritime hub port investment projects.
文摘This article aims to structure an English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classroom observation scheme (OS). The writer presents the basics and bases of the OS, followed by an analysis of the focuses of the OS. In conclusion, the writer holds that middle school EFL teachers, teaching coordinators and teacher researchers might find the OS to be an efficient tool with which to observe Chinese middle school EFL classrooms, especially in terms of student development and teachers' professional development.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grand No.10901151)RDF-13-02-08 of Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University
文摘We give a necessary and sufficient condition for the fundamental group homomorphism of a map between CW-complexes(manifolds) to induce partial homology equivalences. As applications, we obtain characterizations of fundamental groups of homology spheres and Moore manifolds. Moreover, a classification of one-sided h-cobordism of manifolds up to diffeomorphisms is obtained, based on Quillen's plus construction with Whitehead torsions.
基金supported by the NSFC(11327405,11504057&11525416)
文摘Ultrasonic backscatter signals from cancellous bone are sensitive to the microstructure of trabecular bone,and thus enable the feasibility to extract microstructural information of trabecular bone.The mean trabecular bone spacing(MTBS)is an important parameter for characterizing bone microstructure.This paper proposes an MTBS estimation method based on the combination of Hilbert transform and fundamental frequency estimation(CHF). The CHF was verified with ultrasonic backscatter signals from simulations and in vitro measurements at a central frequency of 5MHz.The CHF method was compared with the simplified inverse filter tracking(SIFT)method,Simons' Quadratic Transformation(QT)method,Singular Spectrum Analysis(SSA)method,and Spectral Autocorrelation(SAC)method.Monte-Carlo simulations were performed by varying the MTBS,signal-to-noise ratio(SNR),standard deviation of regular spacing(SDRS),amplitude ratio of diffuse scattering to regular scattering(Ad)and frequency dependent attenuation(nBUA).The simulation results showed that the CHF method had a better performance in MTBS estimation under almost all the examination conditions except for SNR.The estimation percentage correct(EPC)was greater than 90% when the MTBS was in the range of 0.4to 1.4mm.In the in vitro measurements,the estimated EPC by the CHF method was91.25±7.81%(mean±standard deviation).A significant correlation was observed for the CHF-estimated MTBS and micro-computed tomography(μ-CT)-measured values(R^2=0.75,p<0.01).These results demonstrate that the CHF method is anti-interference for MTBS estimation and can be used to estimate trabecular bone spacing.
