China has proposed the ＂Belt and Road Initiative （B＆R）＂ in 2013. One its core strategies is international oil/gas cooperation. This paper addresses the status quo of cooperation on oil/gas infrastructure with co...China has proposed the ＂Belt and Road Initiative （B＆R）＂ in 2013. One its core strategies is international oil/gas cooperation. This paper addresses the status quo of cooperation on oil/gas infrastructure with countries along the line of ＂B＆R＇, anticipahs the cooperatiorl prospect. On this basis, the author analyzes China＇s advantages and cooperation basis in this domain, conceives the practical way of cooperation on oil/gas infrastructure with countries along the line of ＂B＆R＇. This paper also elaborates on tlre potential risks, risk evaluation criteria and risk corr trol in oil/gas infrastructu re cooperation with countries tries along tire line of ＂B＆R＂.展开更多
Focus on audience participation in online news media has increased rapidly in recent years. Online newspapers offer their audience several opportunities to participate, for example, by submitting comments on articles ...Focus on audience participation in online news media has increased rapidly in recent years. Online newspapers offer their audience several opportunities to participate, for example, by submitting comments on articles or uploading pictures/videos. Audience participation has also emerged as a fast growing research field： The motives for focusing on audience participation have been analyzed and the kind of participatory opportunities that news media offer the audience have been mapped. Also, questions on whether audience participation should be regarded as an advantage or disadvantage to professional journalism have been discussed. This study relates to the latter perspective as it examines media practitioners＇ perceptions of audience participation. By focusing on the case of Swedish newspaper journalists, this study analyzes how audience participation is perceived to affect journalistic work and to what extent such participation is believed to benefit journalism. Based on a representative survey of Swedish journalists, conducted in 2011-2012, and a survey of journalists working at three local morning papers in Sweden, conducted in 2009, the analyses reveal a rather ambivalence attitude to audience participation among the journalistic corps.展开更多
The costume of doctors has said goodbye to the limitations of the historical times when it is simply regarded as working suit. Now, it has converted to a very significant part of a hospital＇ s image. In the minds of ...The costume of doctors has said goodbye to the limitations of the historical times when it is simply regarded as working suit. Now, it has converted to a very significant part of a hospital＇ s image. In the minds of patients, the superficial image of doctors is the greatest focus of them, and the beautiful costume of doctors is a good embodiment to the inner beauty of doctors in work and can let them feel warm and comfortable, so it is of great significance for treating both body and mind of them. The decorative patterns on the costume of doctors are especially important, from which a clever, bright, and warm feeling can be generated from the bottom world of patients. Sequentially, the goal of reducing the tension of patients and accomplishing an excellent medical effect can be realized.展开更多
It is important to determine the most appropriate levels of risk and return for small investors. For that purpose, the investment funds are very important tools to create a portfolio for small investors, to deploy the...It is important to determine the most appropriate levels of risk and return for small investors. For that purpose, the investment funds are very important tools to create a portfolio for small investors, to deploy the potential risks in optimal proportions, and to direct investors. In this study, the performance of 83 pieces of investment funds will be evaluated which are treated in Turkey dates from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2012 with performance evaluation methods such as Sharpe, Modigliani （M2） that is based on the standard deviation, and Treynor, T2, Jensen that is based on systematic risk （beta）, and the highest and lowest performance investment funds will be presented. The aim of the study is to examine the success of the investment fund managers whether they could estimate the course of the market well or not regarding time period. The empirical results show that the investors who invest on the funds that have negative risk premium by investing in the investment funds getting under the risk cannot get more excess return than getting the return from the risk-free interest rate as treasury bills. The result implies that it could be said that the systematic and total risks of all investment funds are low and they are not sensitive to the developments in the market, and thus, regarding funds could be called as conservative funds.展开更多
The emergence of Yu＇E Bao and the like provides Chinese investors with a new and flexible investment option. Such new investment instrument forces up the cost of capital of local banks and also takes away the market ...The emergence of Yu＇E Bao and the like provides Chinese investors with a new and flexible investment option. Such new investment instrument forces up the cost of capital of local banks and also takes away the market share from them. Yu＇E Bao has allocated most investments in inter-bank money market due to the liquidity concerns. This study investigates Yu＇E Bao＇s portfolio allocation and potential risk, and also provides policy implications for regulators. The research findings suggest that regulators should issue more provisions to further regulate the operation of online investment products and keep the liquidity risk under control, i.e. require money market funds to hold more capital in reserve on a gradual basis. By examining the case of Yu＇E Bao, a new online investment product in China, this study sheds light on the recent financial development and reform of China.展开更多
This paper introduces the origin of Inclusive Financial System, summarizes the basic theories and views on inclusive financial system development and poverty reduction from experts and scholars at home and abroad. The...This paper introduces the origin of Inclusive Financial System, summarizes the basic theories and views on inclusive financial system development and poverty reduction from experts and scholars at home and abroad. The paper establishes a theoretical analysis framework which impacts poor family income gap by using exponential smoothing method. The government should improve the credit market in poverty- stricken area by the way of macro-management to establish inclusive financial system, to overcome the difficulty of poor farmers＇ credit, to make more poor families to obtain credit opportunities.展开更多
This paper introduces process writing approach, and theories of learner motivation and learner autonomy. A fieldwork experiment is conducted on the comparison of on-line learning and traditional face-to-face learning ...This paper introduces process writing approach, and theories of learner motivation and learner autonomy. A fieldwork experiment is conducted on the comparison of on-line learning and traditional face-to-face learning to find out whether on-line learning can improve learners' writing ability and learners motivation in EFL writing. The results show that on-line learning with its distinctive advantages where process writing approach can be carried out relatively easily can arouse learners' intrinsic motivation and enhance learner autonomy, thus improving learners' writing ability significantly.展开更多
to biological and chemical control strategy for pest control, a Holling II func- tional response predator-prey system concerning state-dependent impulsive control is investigated. We define the successor functions of ...to biological and chemical control strategy for pest control, a Holling II func- tional response predator-prey system concerning state-dependent impulsive control is investigated. We define the successor functions of semi-continuous dynamic system and give an existence theorem of order 1 periodic solution of such a system. By means of sequence convergence rules and quMitative analysis, we successfully get the conditions of existence and attractiveness of order 1 periodic solution. Our results show that our method used in this paper is more efficient and easier than the existing methods to prove the existence and attractiveness of order 1 periodic solution.展开更多
This paper considers an infinite buffer renewal input queue with multiple working vacation policy wherein customers are served by a single server according to general bulk service （a,b）-rule （1 ≤ a ≤ b）. If the ...This paper considers an infinite buffer renewal input queue with multiple working vacation policy wherein customers are served by a single server according to general bulk service （a,b）-rule （1 ≤ a ≤ b）. If the number of waiting customers in the system at a service completion epoch （during a normal busy period） is lower than ＇a＇, then the server starts a vacation. During a vacation if the number of waiting customers reaches the minimum threshold size ＇a＇, then the server starts serving this batch with a lower rate than that of the normal busy period. After completion of a batch service during working vacation, if the server finds less than takes another vacation, otherwise the server rate. The maximum allowed size of a batch a＇ customers accumulated in the system, then the server continues to serve the available batch with that lower in service is ＇b＇. The authors derive both queue-length and system-length distributions at pre-arrival epoch using both embedded Markov chain approach and the roots method. The arbitrary epoch probabilities are obtained using the classical argument based on renewal theory. Several performance measures like average queue and system-length, mean waiting-time, cost and profit optimization are studied and numerically computed.展开更多
In this paper, the authors consider an on-line scheduling problem of rn （m≥ 3） identical machines with common maintenance time interval and nonresumable availability. For the case that the length of maintenance tim...In this paper, the authors consider an on-line scheduling problem of rn （m≥ 3） identical machines with common maintenance time interval and nonresumable availability. For the case that the length of maintenance time interval is larger than the largest processing time of jobs, the authors prove that any on-line algorithm has not a constant competitive ratio. For the case that the length of maintenance time interval is less than or equal to the largest processing time of jobs, the authors prove a lower bound of 3 on the competitive ratio. The authors give an on-line algorithm with competitive 1 ratio 4 - 1/m. In particular, for the case of m = 3, the authors prove the competitive ratio of the on-line algorithm is 10/3.展开更多
文摘China has proposed the ＂Belt and Road Initiative （B＆R）＂ in 2013. One its core strategies is international oil/gas cooperation. This paper addresses the status quo of cooperation on oil/gas infrastructure with countries along the line of ＂B＆R＇, anticipahs the cooperatiorl prospect. On this basis, the author analyzes China＇s advantages and cooperation basis in this domain, conceives the practical way of cooperation on oil/gas infrastructure with countries along the line of ＂B＆R＇. This paper also elaborates on tlre potential risks, risk evaluation criteria and risk corr trol in oil/gas infrastructu re cooperation with countries tries along tire line of ＂B＆R＂.
文摘Focus on audience participation in online news media has increased rapidly in recent years. Online newspapers offer their audience several opportunities to participate, for example, by submitting comments on articles or uploading pictures/videos. Audience participation has also emerged as a fast growing research field： The motives for focusing on audience participation have been analyzed and the kind of participatory opportunities that news media offer the audience have been mapped. Also, questions on whether audience participation should be regarded as an advantage or disadvantage to professional journalism have been discussed. This study relates to the latter perspective as it examines media practitioners＇ perceptions of audience participation. By focusing on the case of Swedish newspaper journalists, this study analyzes how audience participation is perceived to affect journalistic work and to what extent such participation is believed to benefit journalism. Based on a representative survey of Swedish journalists, conducted in 2011-2012, and a survey of journalists working at three local morning papers in Sweden, conducted in 2009, the analyses reveal a rather ambivalence attitude to audience participation among the journalistic corps.
文摘The costume of doctors has said goodbye to the limitations of the historical times when it is simply regarded as working suit. Now, it has converted to a very significant part of a hospital＇ s image. In the minds of patients, the superficial image of doctors is the greatest focus of them, and the beautiful costume of doctors is a good embodiment to the inner beauty of doctors in work and can let them feel warm and comfortable, so it is of great significance for treating both body and mind of them. The decorative patterns on the costume of doctors are especially important, from which a clever, bright, and warm feeling can be generated from the bottom world of patients. Sequentially, the goal of reducing the tension of patients and accomplishing an excellent medical effect can be realized.
文摘It is important to determine the most appropriate levels of risk and return for small investors. For that purpose, the investment funds are very important tools to create a portfolio for small investors, to deploy the potential risks in optimal proportions, and to direct investors. In this study, the performance of 83 pieces of investment funds will be evaluated which are treated in Turkey dates from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2012 with performance evaluation methods such as Sharpe, Modigliani （M2） that is based on the standard deviation, and Treynor, T2, Jensen that is based on systematic risk （beta）, and the highest and lowest performance investment funds will be presented. The aim of the study is to examine the success of the investment fund managers whether they could estimate the course of the market well or not regarding time period. The empirical results show that the investors who invest on the funds that have negative risk premium by investing in the investment funds getting under the risk cannot get more excess return than getting the return from the risk-free interest rate as treasury bills. The result implies that it could be said that the systematic and total risks of all investment funds are low and they are not sensitive to the developments in the market, and thus, regarding funds could be called as conservative funds.
文摘The emergence of Yu＇E Bao and the like provides Chinese investors with a new and flexible investment option. Such new investment instrument forces up the cost of capital of local banks and also takes away the market share from them. Yu＇E Bao has allocated most investments in inter-bank money market due to the liquidity concerns. This study investigates Yu＇E Bao＇s portfolio allocation and potential risk, and also provides policy implications for regulators. The research findings suggest that regulators should issue more provisions to further regulate the operation of online investment products and keep the liquidity risk under control, i.e. require money market funds to hold more capital in reserve on a gradual basis. By examining the case of Yu＇E Bao, a new online investment product in China, this study sheds light on the recent financial development and reform of China.
文摘This paper introduces the origin of Inclusive Financial System, summarizes the basic theories and views on inclusive financial system development and poverty reduction from experts and scholars at home and abroad. The paper establishes a theoretical analysis framework which impacts poor family income gap by using exponential smoothing method. The government should improve the credit market in poverty- stricken area by the way of macro-management to establish inclusive financial system, to overcome the difficulty of poor farmers＇ credit, to make more poor families to obtain credit opportunities.
文摘This paper introduces process writing approach, and theories of learner motivation and learner autonomy. A fieldwork experiment is conducted on the comparison of on-line learning and traditional face-to-face learning to find out whether on-line learning can improve learners' writing ability and learners motivation in EFL writing. The results show that on-line learning with its distinctive advantages where process writing approach can be carried out relatively easily can arouse learners' intrinsic motivation and enhance learner autonomy, thus improving learners' writing ability significantly.
文摘to biological and chemical control strategy for pest control, a Holling II func- tional response predator-prey system concerning state-dependent impulsive control is investigated. We define the successor functions of semi-continuous dynamic system and give an existence theorem of order 1 periodic solution of such a system. By means of sequence convergence rules and quMitative analysis, we successfully get the conditions of existence and attractiveness of order 1 periodic solution. Our results show that our method used in this paper is more efficient and easier than the existing methods to prove the existence and attractiveness of order 1 periodic solution.
文摘This paper considers an infinite buffer renewal input queue with multiple working vacation policy wherein customers are served by a single server according to general bulk service （a,b）-rule （1 ≤ a ≤ b）. If the number of waiting customers in the system at a service completion epoch （during a normal busy period） is lower than ＇a＇, then the server starts a vacation. During a vacation if the number of waiting customers reaches the minimum threshold size ＇a＇, then the server starts serving this batch with a lower rate than that of the normal busy period. After completion of a batch service during working vacation, if the server finds less than takes another vacation, otherwise the server rate. The maximum allowed size of a batch a＇ customers accumulated in the system, then the server continues to serve the available batch with that lower in service is ＇b＇. The authors derive both queue-length and system-length distributions at pre-arrival epoch using both embedded Markov chain approach and the roots method. The arbitrary epoch probabilities are obtained using the classical argument based on renewal theory. Several performance measures like average queue and system-length, mean waiting-time, cost and profit optimization are studied and numerically computed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.11271338,11171313,61070229,10901144,11001117supported by the Ph.D.Programs Foundation of Ministry ofEducation of China under Grant No.20111401110005the Henan Province Natural Science Foundation under Grant No.112300410047
文摘In this paper, the authors consider an on-line scheduling problem of rn （m≥ 3） identical machines with common maintenance time interval and nonresumable availability. For the case that the length of maintenance time interval is larger than the largest processing time of jobs, the authors prove that any on-line algorithm has not a constant competitive ratio. For the case that the length of maintenance time interval is less than or equal to the largest processing time of jobs, the authors prove a lower bound of 3 on the competitive ratio. The authors give an on-line algorithm with competitive 1 ratio 4 - 1/m. In particular, for the case of m = 3, the authors prove the competitive ratio of the on-line algorithm is 10/3.
