我国多煤少油的能源禀赋,决定了煤炭是使用最多的化石能源。大量煤炭用于燃料产生巨量的二氧化碳排放,加剧了我国实现碳达峰、碳中和目标的难度。自2010年以来,我国电力行业不断优化调整,火力发电比例和火电装机容量占比都在持续下降,...我国多煤少油的能源禀赋,决定了煤炭是使用最多的化石能源。大量煤炭用于燃料产生巨量的二氧化碳排放,加剧了我国实现碳达峰、碳中和目标的难度。自2010年以来,我国电力行业不断优化调整,火力发电比例和火电装机容量占比都在持续下降,非化石能源发电比例逐年上升。尽管火电占比逐年减少,但其在我国电力能源结构中的主导地位仍无法改变。对中国碳核算数据库China Emission Accounts and Datasets(CEADs)的数据进行分析,2020年我国电力行业碳排放46.24亿t,占当年总碳排放量42.21%。电力行业的发展关系国计民生,是国民经济的支柱。在相当长的历史时期,煤炭在我国能源结构中都占据主导地位。在能源需求稳健上涨的背景下,煤电成为我国能源电力稳定供应的“压舱石”,在短期内很难被其它能源完全取代。目前煤电行业碳减排主要采取节能与提高能效比、燃料掺烧、碳捕集、利用与封存(CCUS)技术及二氧化碳矿化技术。结合电厂的实际碳排放情况及目前CCUS技术成熟度来看,生物质能结合碳捕集与封存技术与间接矿化技术是目前电厂可行的实现碳中和的方案。但生物质能结合碳捕集与封存技术需要对原有的锅炉进行混烧改造,目前我国在生物质发电技术仍存在很多不足,尤其体现在生物质燃料的收集、运输、加工、储存等特殊辅助机械的开发配套方面。对于煤电行业碳中和技术的发展,根据我国的实际情况,建议采用中长期的碳捕集利用技术路线,应同步开展燃烧前捕集技术、富氧燃烧技术及燃烧后捕集技术的技术创新、研发低成本、高效率技术体系并商业化应用。展开更多
Innovations of mining technologies were proposed by beneficial utilizations of unfavorable factors such as high geostress,high geotemperature and high mining depth to achieve green mining as mining depth increases ine...Innovations of mining technologies were proposed by beneficial utilizations of unfavorable factors such as high geostress,high geotemperature and high mining depth to achieve green mining as mining depth increases inevitably.Cuttability of deep hard rock was investigated by experimental and regressed analyses to find the reasonable stress adjustment method to improve non-explosive mechanized fragmentation for hard ore-rock.A non-explosive mechanized and intellectualized mining method was proposed to continuously and precisely exploit phosphate underground,which promoted the high-recovery,low-waste and high-efficiency exploitation of phosphate with recovery rate over 90%,dilution rate near 5%and cutting efficiency about 107.7 t/h.A circular economy model and the backfill system were proposed to conduct resource utilizations of solid waste,by which the utilization amount of waste increased year after year.In 2018,the utilization amounts of phosphogypsum,yellow phosphorus slag and waste rock increased to 1853.6×10^3 t/a,291.1×10^3 t/a and 1493.8×10^3 t/a,respectively.展开更多
文摘我国多煤少油的能源禀赋,决定了煤炭是使用最多的化石能源。大量煤炭用于燃料产生巨量的二氧化碳排放,加剧了我国实现碳达峰、碳中和目标的难度。自2010年以来,我国电力行业不断优化调整,火力发电比例和火电装机容量占比都在持续下降,非化石能源发电比例逐年上升。尽管火电占比逐年减少,但其在我国电力能源结构中的主导地位仍无法改变。对中国碳核算数据库China Emission Accounts and Datasets(CEADs)的数据进行分析,2020年我国电力行业碳排放46.24亿t,占当年总碳排放量42.21%。电力行业的发展关系国计民生,是国民经济的支柱。在相当长的历史时期,煤炭在我国能源结构中都占据主导地位。在能源需求稳健上涨的背景下,煤电成为我国能源电力稳定供应的“压舱石”,在短期内很难被其它能源完全取代。目前煤电行业碳减排主要采取节能与提高能效比、燃料掺烧、碳捕集、利用与封存(CCUS)技术及二氧化碳矿化技术。结合电厂的实际碳排放情况及目前CCUS技术成熟度来看,生物质能结合碳捕集与封存技术与间接矿化技术是目前电厂可行的实现碳中和的方案。但生物质能结合碳捕集与封存技术需要对原有的锅炉进行混烧改造,目前我国在生物质发电技术仍存在很多不足,尤其体现在生物质燃料的收集、运输、加工、储存等特殊辅助机械的开发配套方面。对于煤电行业碳中和技术的发展,根据我国的实际情况,建议采用中长期的碳捕集利用技术路线,应同步开展燃烧前捕集技术、富氧燃烧技术及燃烧后捕集技术的技术创新、研发低成本、高效率技术体系并商业化应用。
基金Projects(41630642,51904335,51904333)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Innovations of mining technologies were proposed by beneficial utilizations of unfavorable factors such as high geostress,high geotemperature and high mining depth to achieve green mining as mining depth increases inevitably.Cuttability of deep hard rock was investigated by experimental and regressed analyses to find the reasonable stress adjustment method to improve non-explosive mechanized fragmentation for hard ore-rock.A non-explosive mechanized and intellectualized mining method was proposed to continuously and precisely exploit phosphate underground,which promoted the high-recovery,low-waste and high-efficiency exploitation of phosphate with recovery rate over 90%,dilution rate near 5%and cutting efficiency about 107.7 t/h.A circular economy model and the backfill system were proposed to conduct resource utilizations of solid waste,by which the utilization amount of waste increased year after year.In 2018,the utilization amounts of phosphogypsum,yellow phosphorus slag and waste rock increased to 1853.6×10^3 t/a,291.1×10^3 t/a and 1493.8×10^3 t/a,respectively.
