The seasonal variations of several main water masses in the southern Yellow Sea (SYS) and East China Sea (ECS) in 2011 were analyzed using the in-situ data collected on four cruises.There was something special in the ...The seasonal variations of several main water masses in the southern Yellow Sea (SYS) and East China Sea (ECS) in 2011 were analyzed using the in-situ data collected on four cruises.There was something special in the observations for the Yellow Sea Warm Current (YSWC) ,the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass (YSCWM) and the Changjiang Diluted Water (CDW) during that year.The YSWC was confirmed to be a seasonal current and its source was closely associated with the Kuroshio onshore intrusion and the northerly wind.It was also found that the YSCWM in the summer of 2011 occupied a more extensive area in comparison with the climatologically-mean case due to the abnormally powerful wind prevailing in the winter of 2010 and decaying gradually thereafter.Resulting from the reduced Changjiang River discharge,the CDW spreading toward the Cheju Island in the summer of 2011 was weaker than the long-term mean and was confined to flow southward in the other seasons.The other water masses seemed normal without noticeable anomalies in 2011.The Yellow Sea Coastal Current (YSCC) water,driven by the northerly wind,flowed southeastward as a whole except for its northeastward surface layer in summer.The Taiwan Warm Current (TWC) was the strongest in summer and the weakest in winter in its northward movement.The Kuroshio water with an enhanced onshore intrusion in autumn was stable in hydrographic features apart from the seasonal variation of its surface layer.展开更多
In order to improve the efficiency and precision of maximum power point tracking(MPPT)control,a new method is proposed.Based on original MPPT technology of photovoltaic cells,the fuzzy adaptive proportion-integral-dif...In order to improve the efficiency and precision of maximum power point tracking(MPPT)control,a new method is proposed.Based on original MPPT technology of photovoltaic cells,the fuzzy adaptive proportion-integral-differential(PID)control has less fluctuation and higher stability.The simulation circuit using Simulink is established,and output power curves under constant temperature or constant sunlight are obtained.The superiority of the fuzzy PID control method has been proved by means of the simulation results,and it makes the solar system approach maximum power point quickly and smoothly.展开更多
On the basis of modified atomic transformations the new WA-systems of Kravchenko functions are constructed.As an example the digital processing of time series of the various physical nature processing is considered.Th...On the basis of modified atomic transformations the new WA-systems of Kravchenko functions are constructed.As an example the digital processing of time series of the various physical nature processing is considered.The numerical experiments and physical analysis of the results confirm the efficiency of the proposed WA-systems of Kravchenko functions.展开更多
This paper proposes a method that rotation angle of servo motor and distance values of ultrasonic sensor are used for tracking an object in real-time while the robot keeps regular distance.Object detection distance wi...This paper proposes a method that rotation angle of servo motor and distance values of ultrasonic sensor are used for tracking an object in real-time while the robot keeps regular distance.Object detection distance widens by using ultrasonic sensors and object recognition,and movement of robot is controlled by angle of servo motor and distance of ultrasonic sensors.Not adopting the existing tracking methods:camera,laser-infrared(LRF)and many ultrasonic sensors,the proposed method proves that it is possible to track object using ultrasonic sensor and servo motor.Trajectory of robot is represented and analysed according to movement of object in limited conditions.展开更多
A large number of debris flows occurred simultaneously at around 8:30 to 8:50 a.m.on July 27,2011,at the center of Seoul,Korea.This area is located in the southern part of Seoul and is a densely populated district.As ...A large number of debris flows occurred simultaneously at around 8:30 to 8:50 a.m.on July 27,2011,at the center of Seoul,Korea.This area is located in the southern part of Seoul and is a densely populated district.As a result of the debris flow event,16 people were killed,30 houses were buried,and 116 houses were damaged around Umyeon Mountain,a relatively small mountain with a height of 312.6 m.Since the debris flow event,field investigations on the initiation and transportation zones of debris flows have been carried out.Rainfall data were collected from the automatic weather stations(AWSs) which are operated by the Korea Meteorological Administration(KMA).Video files recorded by residents were also acquired and used to analyze the flow characteristics of the debris flow.Field investigation shows that about 40 debris flows occurred around Umyeon Mountain and most of the debris flows were initiated by small slope failures.The effects of the precipitation that triggered the debris flows were analyzed as well.A landslide hazard map which considers slope gradient and aspect,strength of soil,hazard record,rainfall conditions,and vegetation,was constructed and compared with the initiation zones of debris flows.展开更多
Research indicates that high levels of sedentary behavior(sitting or lying with low energy expenditure) are adversely associated with health. A key factor in improving our understanding of the impact of sedentary beha...Research indicates that high levels of sedentary behavior(sitting or lying with low energy expenditure) are adversely associated with health. A key factor in improving our understanding of the impact of sedentary behavior(and patterns of sedentary time accumulation) on health is the use of objective measurement tools that collect date and time-stamped activity information. One such tool is the activP AL monitor. This thigh-worn device uses accelerometer-derived information about thigh position to determine the start and end of each period spent sitting/lying, standing, and stepping, as well as stepping speed, step counts, and postural transitions. The activP AL is increasingly being used within field-based research for its ability to measure sitting/lying via posture. We summarise key issues to consider when using the activP AL in physical activity and sedentary behavior field-based research with adult populations. It is intended that the findings and discussion points be informative for researchers who are currently using activP AL monitors or are intending to use them. Pre-data collection decisions, monitor preparation and distribution, data collection considerations, and manual and automated data processing possibilities are presented using examples from current literature and experiences from 2 research groups from the UK and Australia.展开更多
The overall purpose of performing measurements in science is to increase knowledge and document about some physical quantity. The measurand has a true value but, except for straightforward counting situations, the tru...The overall purpose of performing measurements in science is to increase knowledge and document about some physical quantity. The measurand has a true value but, except for straightforward counting situations, the true value can never be fully determined. When a quantity is measured, the outcome depends on the measuring system, the measurement procedure, the skill of the operator, the environment and other effects. In practice the uncertainty on the result may arise from many possible sources, including examples such as incomplete definition, sampling, matrix effects and interferences, environmental couditions, uncertainties of weights and volumetric equipment, reference wtlues, approximations and assump- tions incorporated in the measurement method and procedure, and random wlriation. The objective of the paper is how to identify the sources of uncertainty in measurement and their importance on the result.展开更多
Based on the recognition of one-step singular correlation and the remedying methods obtained before,the correlation properties of the neighborhood pixels and the characteristics of image de-noising were analyzed.A kin...Based on the recognition of one-step singular correlation and the remedying methods obtained before,the correlation properties of the neighborhood pixels and the characteristics of image de-noising were analyzed.A kind of most relevant weighted filtering method based on one-step singular correlation recognition(OSSC-MRWF)was put forward.The simulation experiments were done and the comparison with some commonly used methods under salt-and-pepper noises was made.The results show that the proposed method can not only effectively recognize salt-and-pepper noises and mend up the noise points,but also protect the original information such as the edge details very well.The accuracy and performance indicators are further improved considerably.展开更多
A unified hybrid authentication framework was proposed to provide proactive authentication and re-authentication for media independent handover（MIH）-based multi-wireless access. In addition, a specific protocol dist...A unified hybrid authentication framework was proposed to provide proactive authentication and re-authentication for media independent handover（MIH）-based multi-wireless access. In addition, a specific protocol distributing a hierarchi- cal key after the proactive authentication from key holder to base station has been proposed. The proposed hybrid authenti- cation framework not only performs proaetive authentication with credentials based on Chameleon hashing, which removes the authentication procedures that exchanges messages with a authentication server, but also performs re-authentication with EAP re-authentication protocol（ERP） that distributes the hierarchical key on the basis of the root key generated by the pro- active authentication.展开更多
A method of estimating hand and elbow movements using electrocorticogram （ECoG） signals is proposed. Using multiple channels, surface electromyogram （EMG） signals and ECoG signals were obtained from patients simul...A method of estimating hand and elbow movements using electrocorticogram （ECoG） signals is proposed. Using multiple channels, surface electromyogram （EMG） signals and ECoG signals were obtained from patients simultaneously. The estimated movements were those to close and then open the hand and those to bend the elbow inward. The patients were encouraged to perform the movements in accordance with their free will instead of after being induced by external stimuli. Surface EMG signals were used to find movement time points, and ECoG signals were used to estimate the movements. To extract the characteristics of the individual movements, the ECoG signals were divided into a total of six bands （the entire band and the ~, 0, a ,fl and 7 bands） to obtain the information entropy, and the maximum likelihood estimation method was used to estimate the movements. The results of the experiment show that the performance averages 74 % when the ECoG of 7 band is used, which is higher than that when other bands are used, and higher estimation success rates are shown in the 7 band than in other bands. The time of the movements is divided into three time sections based on movement time points, and the ＂Before＂ section, which includes the readiness potential, is compared with the ＂Onset＂ section. In the ＂Before＂ section and the ＂Onset＂ section, estimation success rates are 66 % and 65 %, respectively, and thus it is determined that the readiness potential could can be used.展开更多
After research on the motion estimation algorithm in video coding, a motion estimator algorithm with 1/4 pixel ac- curacy is implemented based on fie/d-programmable gate array （FPGA）. The motion estimation algorithm...After research on the motion estimation algorithm in video coding, a motion estimator algorithm with 1/4 pixel ac- curacy is implemented based on fie/d-programmable gate array （FPGA）. The motion estimation algorithm module is made up of the 1[4 pixel interpolation module with serial input and parallel output, the three step search module and the block match- ing module, which can use relatively less Wiener filters for interpolation operation. Experiment results show that the hard- ware design has less consumption of the logical resource, higher stability and lower power consumption.展开更多
Nanometer Al2O3powder is prepared by sol-gel method.Trans mission electron microscope(TEM),X-ray diffrac-tion(XRD),ther mal analysis,IR and the grain-testing instructure are used to characterize the particle shape and...Nanometer Al2O3powder is prepared by sol-gel method.Trans mission electron microscope(TEM),X-ray diffrac-tion(XRD),ther mal analysis,IR and the grain-testing instructure are used to characterize the particle shape and phase,chemical bonds of hydrous cassiterite andsize distribution after being heated.XRDand TEMshowthat the powder is fibrous γ-Al2O3at800 ℃andsphericalα-Al2O3at1 200℃.The grain-testinginstructure shows that the average particle diameter of γ-Al2O3is36.2nm while that ofα-Al2O3is125.6nm.The IRshows that aluminumstearate is synthesizedin the process of sol-gel.展开更多
To test flame propagation velocity of gas explosion in a horizontal tube,a set of flame velocity testing system is designed.The system is composed of two parts:a horizontal tube used for methane burning and a flame de...To test flame propagation velocity of gas explosion in a horizontal tube,a set of flame velocity testing system is designed.The system is composed of two parts:a horizontal tube used for methane burning and a flame detection system.The effect of obstacles on flame propagation velocity of methane explosion is tested.Methane volume density is 10% in the tube.The obstacle is the circular ring,2 mm thick.Its blockage ratios are 40%,50% and 60%,respectively.The number of obstacles put in the tube is 1,3,5 and 7.Experimental results show that the obstacle has obviously accelerating effect on flame wave of gas explosion.As the number and blockage ratios of the obstacles increase,flame accelerating became more obviously.When there are seven obstacles,the maximum average flame velocity reaches over 351.2 m/s.When the blockage ratio of three obstacles is 60%,the maximum average flame velocity is 238.9 m/s.展开更多
This paper discusses about balancing control of unicycle robot.Unicycle robot consists of pitch which acts like inverted pendulum and roll which acts like reaction wheel pendulum.The robot which does not have actuator...This paper discusses about balancing control of unicycle robot.Unicycle robot consists of pitch which acts like inverted pendulum and roll which acts like reaction wheel pendulum.The robot which does not have actuator located in yaw axis is made to derive the simple dynamics.Lagrange equation is applied to deriving dynamic equations.Obtained dynamic equations are used to design the sliding mode control.State variables of the designed control are pitch angle and roll angle.Sliding mode control has chattering problem,which is eliminated by using the sigmoid function as switching function.Finally the control performance and eliminated chattering problem is verified by simulation.展开更多
Raman spectra and surface-enhanced Raman scattering （SERS） spectra of filter paper and silica gel plate are ob- tained at 785-nm excitation wavelength. The results show that filter paper has thirteen Raman lines in ...Raman spectra and surface-enhanced Raman scattering （SERS） spectra of filter paper and silica gel plate are ob- tained at 785-nm excitation wavelength. The results show that filter paper has thirteen Raman lines in 800 - 1 500 cm 1 and silica gel plate has eight lines in the region of 400 - 1 200 cm-I. The frequencies and Raman active modes are assigned. By comparing their Raman spectra and SERS spectra, we find that the silver colloid could repress the Raman intensities of filter paper and silica gel plate, and reduce their effects on the combination of thin-layer chromatographic （TLC） and SERS. Ac- cording to SERS spectra, the bands at 997 cm 1,1 094 cm I ,1 118 cm-1 ,1 336 cm-1 and 1 378 cm-1 for filter paper and the peak of v l [ SO4] symmetric stretching vibration （--1 017 cm-1 ） for silica gel plate also have high intensities, and those lines should be paid enough attention in TLC-SERS.展开更多
To verify a vacuum breaker's feasibility,when a transformer substation chooses a vacuum circuit breaker,it takes two different actual operational ways to cut off a transformer.This paper,using the power system com...To verify a vacuum breaker's feasibility,when a transformer substation chooses a vacuum circuit breaker,it takes two different actual operational ways to cut off a transformer.This paper,using the power system computer aided design/electro magnetic transient in DC system(PSCAD/EMTDC)software,simulates the substation system and studies transient recovery voltage(TRV)caused by the two different ways which can cut off a with load transformer or a no-load transformer.Simulation and calculation results show that TRV indexes of the first way are much higher than that of the second one,and their TRV indexes are both in a permissible range.The breaker is proved to be available.Besides,this paper proves that paralleling resistance has a good effect when the indexes exceed the standard.The resistance value depends on specific circumstances.展开更多
The Datun mining area is the test area in this paper,and the purpose is to obtain the mining land cover classification map in 2003.The data source used in this paper is the Landsat enhanced thematic mapper plus(ETM)re...The Datun mining area is the test area in this paper,and the purpose is to obtain the mining land cover classification map in 2003.The data source used in this paper is the Landsat enhanced thematic mapper plus(ETM)remote sensing data.By obtaining the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)of the study area,the land cover classification information is extracted using the density segmentation method.Because the results cannot distinguish the construction land and wetland,this paper obtains the humidity information of multi-spectral data through the tasseled cap transformation.From the density segmentation image of humidity information,the construction and wetland types can be clearly distinguished.Finally,combining the two classification maps,the visual interpretation using Landsat ETM fusion image with 15-m resolution helps to get the final classification results.After classification accuracy assessment,the overall accuracy calculated from the classification confusion matrix is 86%.This result can be applied in actual project.展开更多
This paper proposes a pedestrian tracking approach using bounding box based on probability densities.It is generally a difficult task to track features like corner points in outdoor images due to complex environment.T...This paper proposes a pedestrian tracking approach using bounding box based on probability densities.It is generally a difficult task to track features like corner points in outdoor images due to complex environment.To solve this problem,the feature points are projected along X and Y direction separately,and a histogram is constructed for each projection,with horizontal axis as positions and vertical axis as the number of feature points that lie on each position.Finally,the vertical axis is normalized for expression as probability.After histogram is constructed,the probability of each feature point is checked with a threshold.A feature point will be ignored if its probability is lower than a threshold,while the remaining feature points are grouped,based on which a bounding box is made.Kanade-Lucas Tomasi(KLT)algorithm is adopted as the tracking algorithm because it is able to track local features in images robustly.The efficiency of the tracking results using this method is verified in real environment test.展开更多
Active appearance model（AAM） is an efficient useful for the subsequent work such as face detection and method for the localization of facial feature points, which is also facial expression recognition. In this paper...Active appearance model（AAM） is an efficient useful for the subsequent work such as face detection and method for the localization of facial feature points, which is also facial expression recognition. In this paper, we mainly discuss the AAMs based on principal component analysis （PCA）. We also propose an efficient facial fitting algorithm, which is named inverse compositional image alignment （ICIA）, to eliminate a considerable amount of computation resulting from traditional gradient descent fitting algorithm. Finally, 3D facial curvature is used to initialize the location of facial feature, which helps select the parameters of initial state for the improved AAM.展开更多
基金supported by National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,2010CB428904)
文摘The seasonal variations of several main water masses in the southern Yellow Sea (SYS) and East China Sea (ECS) in 2011 were analyzed using the in-situ data collected on four cruises.There was something special in the observations for the Yellow Sea Warm Current (YSWC) ,the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass (YSCWM) and the Changjiang Diluted Water (CDW) during that year.The YSWC was confirmed to be a seasonal current and its source was closely associated with the Kuroshio onshore intrusion and the northerly wind.It was also found that the YSCWM in the summer of 2011 occupied a more extensive area in comparison with the climatologically-mean case due to the abnormally powerful wind prevailing in the winter of 2010 and decaying gradually thereafter.Resulting from the reduced Changjiang River discharge,the CDW spreading toward the Cheju Island in the summer of 2011 was weaker than the long-term mean and was confined to flow southward in the other seasons.The other water masses seemed normal without noticeable anomalies in 2011.The Yellow Sea Coastal Current (YSCC) water,driven by the northerly wind,flowed southeastward as a whole except for its northeastward surface layer in summer.The Taiwan Warm Current (TWC) was the strongest in summer and the weakest in winter in its northward movement.The Kuroshio water with an enhanced onshore intrusion in autumn was stable in hydrographic features apart from the seasonal variation of its surface layer.
文摘In order to improve the efficiency and precision of maximum power point tracking(MPPT)control,a new method is proposed.Based on original MPPT technology of photovoltaic cells,the fuzzy adaptive proportion-integral-differential(PID)control has less fluctuation and higher stability.The simulation circuit using Simulink is established,and output power curves under constant temperature or constant sunlight are obtained.The superiority of the fuzzy PID control method has been proved by means of the simulation results,and it makes the solar system approach maximum power point quickly and smoothly.
基金Russian Foundation for Basic Research(RFBR)(No.12-02-90425)
文摘On the basis of modified atomic transformations the new WA-systems of Kravchenko functions are constructed.As an example the digital processing of time series of the various physical nature processing is considered.The numerical experiments and physical analysis of the results confirm the efficiency of the proposed WA-systems of Kravchenko functions.
基金The MKE(The Ministry of Knowledge Economy),Korea,under the Human Resources Development Program for Robotics Support Program supervised by the NIPA(National IT Industry Promotion Agency)(NIPA-2012-H1502-12-1002)The MKE,Korea,under the ITRC(Infor mation Technology Research Center)Support Program supervised by the NIPA(NI-PA-2012-H0301-12-2006)
文摘This paper proposes a method that rotation angle of servo motor and distance values of ultrasonic sensor are used for tracking an object in real-time while the robot keeps regular distance.Object detection distance widens by using ultrasonic sensors and object recognition,and movement of robot is controlled by angle of servo motor and distance of ultrasonic sensors.Not adopting the existing tracking methods:camera,laser-infrared(LRF)and many ultrasonic sensors,the proposed method proves that it is possible to track object using ultrasonic sensor and servo motor.Trajectory of robot is represented and analysed according to movement of object in limited conditions.
基金supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education,Science and Technology (2012014940)supported by a grant(Code#’08 RTIP B01-01) from the Regional Technology Innovation Program (RTIP)funded by the Ministry of Land Transport and Maritime Affairs of the Korean government
文摘A large number of debris flows occurred simultaneously at around 8:30 to 8:50 a.m.on July 27,2011,at the center of Seoul,Korea.This area is located in the southern part of Seoul and is a densely populated district.As a result of the debris flow event,16 people were killed,30 houses were buried,and 116 houses were damaged around Umyeon Mountain,a relatively small mountain with a height of 312.6 m.Since the debris flow event,field investigations on the initiation and transportation zones of debris flows have been carried out.Rainfall data were collected from the automatic weather stations(AWSs) which are operated by the Korea Meteorological Administration(KMA).Video files recorded by residents were also acquired and used to analyze the flow characteristics of the debris flow.Field investigation shows that about 40 debris flows occurred around Umyeon Mountain and most of the debris flows were initiated by small slope failures.The effects of the precipitation that triggered the debris flows were analyzed as well.A landslide hazard map which considers slope gradient and aspect,strength of soil,hazard record,rainfall conditions,and vegetation,was constructed and compared with the initiation zones of debris flows.
基金supported by the National Institute for Health Researsch (NIHR) DietLifestyle & Physical Activity Biomedical Research Unit based at University Hospitals of Leicester and Loughborough University+5 种基金the National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care-East Midlands (NIHR CLAHRC- EM)the Leicester Clinical Trials Unitsupported by a National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Centre for Research Excellence Grant on Sitting Time and Chronic Disease Prevention-Measurement, Mechanisms and Interventions (APP1057608)supported by a Heart Foundation Postdoctoral (PH 12B 7054)NHMRC Career Development (#1086029) Fellowshipsupported by an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship (FTE 100100918)
文摘Research indicates that high levels of sedentary behavior(sitting or lying with low energy expenditure) are adversely associated with health. A key factor in improving our understanding of the impact of sedentary behavior(and patterns of sedentary time accumulation) on health is the use of objective measurement tools that collect date and time-stamped activity information. One such tool is the activP AL monitor. This thigh-worn device uses accelerometer-derived information about thigh position to determine the start and end of each period spent sitting/lying, standing, and stepping, as well as stepping speed, step counts, and postural transitions. The activP AL is increasingly being used within field-based research for its ability to measure sitting/lying via posture. We summarise key issues to consider when using the activP AL in physical activity and sedentary behavior field-based research with adult populations. It is intended that the findings and discussion points be informative for researchers who are currently using activP AL monitors or are intending to use them. Pre-data collection decisions, monitor preparation and distribution, data collection considerations, and manual and automated data processing possibilities are presented using examples from current literature and experiences from 2 research groups from the UK and Australia.
基金The Central Coal and Oil Testing Laboratory,Mahagenco,Nagpur(India)
文摘The overall purpose of performing measurements in science is to increase knowledge and document about some physical quantity. The measurand has a true value but, except for straightforward counting situations, the true value can never be fully determined. When a quantity is measured, the outcome depends on the measuring system, the measurement procedure, the skill of the operator, the environment and other effects. In practice the uncertainty on the result may arise from many possible sources, including examples such as incomplete definition, sampling, matrix effects and interferences, environmental couditions, uncertainties of weights and volumetric equipment, reference wtlues, approximations and assump- tions incorporated in the measurement method and procedure, and random wlriation. The objective of the paper is how to identify the sources of uncertainty in measurement and their importance on the result.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province,China(No.2008011011)
文摘Based on the recognition of one-step singular correlation and the remedying methods obtained before,the correlation properties of the neighborhood pixels and the characteristics of image de-noising were analyzed.A kind of most relevant weighted filtering method based on one-step singular correlation recognition(OSSC-MRWF)was put forward.The simulation experiments were done and the comparison with some commonly used methods under salt-and-pepper noises was made.The results show that the proposed method can not only effectively recognize salt-and-pepper noises and mend up the noise points,but also protect the original information such as the edge details very well.The accuracy and performance indicators are further improved considerably.
基金The KCC(Korea Communications Commission),Korea,under the R&D program supervised by the KCA(Korea Communi-cations Agency)(KCA-2012-08-911-05-001)
文摘A unified hybrid authentication framework was proposed to provide proactive authentication and re-authentication for media independent handover（MIH）-based multi-wireless access. In addition, a specific protocol distributing a hierarchi- cal key after the proactive authentication from key holder to base station has been proposed. The proposed hybrid authenti- cation framework not only performs proaetive authentication with credentials based on Chameleon hashing, which removes the authentication procedures that exchanges messages with a authentication server, but also performs re-authentication with EAP re-authentication protocol（ERP） that distributes the hierarchical key on the basis of the root key generated by the pro- active authentication.
基金The MKE(The Ministry of Knowledge Economy),Korea,under the ITRC(Infor mation Technology Research Center)support program supervised by the NIPA(National IT Industry Promotion Agency)(NIPA-2012-H0301-12-2006)
文摘A method of estimating hand and elbow movements using electrocorticogram （ECoG） signals is proposed. Using multiple channels, surface electromyogram （EMG） signals and ECoG signals were obtained from patients simultaneously. The estimated movements were those to close and then open the hand and those to bend the elbow inward. The patients were encouraged to perform the movements in accordance with their free will instead of after being induced by external stimuli. Surface EMG signals were used to find movement time points, and ECoG signals were used to estimate the movements. To extract the characteristics of the individual movements, the ECoG signals were divided into a total of six bands （the entire band and the ~, 0, a ,fl and 7 bands） to obtain the information entropy, and the maximum likelihood estimation method was used to estimate the movements. The results of the experiment show that the performance averages 74 % when the ECoG of 7 band is used, which is higher than that when other bands are used, and higher estimation success rates are shown in the 7 band than in other bands. The time of the movements is divided into three time sections based on movement time points, and the ＂Before＂ section, which includes the readiness potential, is compared with the ＂Onset＂ section. In the ＂Before＂ section and the ＂Onset＂ section, estimation success rates are 66 % and 65 %, respectively, and thus it is determined that the readiness potential could can be used.
基金The 8th Graduate Technology Fund of North University of China(No.201111)
文摘After research on the motion estimation algorithm in video coding, a motion estimator algorithm with 1/4 pixel ac- curacy is implemented based on fie/d-programmable gate array （FPGA）. The motion estimation algorithm module is made up of the 1[4 pixel interpolation module with serial input and parallel output, the three step search module and the block match- ing module, which can use relatively less Wiener filters for interpolation operation. Experiment results show that the hard- ware design has less consumption of the logical resource, higher stability and lower power consumption.
文摘Nanometer Al2O3powder is prepared by sol-gel method.Trans mission electron microscope(TEM),X-ray diffrac-tion(XRD),ther mal analysis,IR and the grain-testing instructure are used to characterize the particle shape and phase,chemical bonds of hydrous cassiterite andsize distribution after being heated.XRDand TEMshowthat the powder is fibrous γ-Al2O3at800 ℃andsphericalα-Al2O3at1 200℃.The grain-testinginstructure shows that the average particle diameter of γ-Al2O3is36.2nm while that ofα-Al2O3is125.6nm.The IRshows that aluminumstearate is synthesizedin the process of sol-gel.
基金International Technical Cooperation Projects of Shanxi Province(No.2012081014)
文摘To test flame propagation velocity of gas explosion in a horizontal tube,a set of flame velocity testing system is designed.The system is composed of two parts:a horizontal tube used for methane burning and a flame detection system.The effect of obstacles on flame propagation velocity of methane explosion is tested.Methane volume density is 10% in the tube.The obstacle is the circular ring,2 mm thick.Its blockage ratios are 40%,50% and 60%,respectively.The number of obstacles put in the tube is 1,3,5 and 7.Experimental results show that the obstacle has obviously accelerating effect on flame wave of gas explosion.As the number and blockage ratios of the obstacles increase,flame accelerating became more obviously.When there are seven obstacles,the maximum average flame velocity reaches over 351.2 m/s.When the blockage ratio of three obstacles is 60%,the maximum average flame velocity is 238.9 m/s.
基金The MKE(The Ministry of Knowledge Economy),Korea,under the ITRC(Infor mation Technology Research Center)support program supervised by the NIPA(National IT Industry Promotion Agency)(NIPA-2012-H0301-12-2006)the MKE,Korea,under the Human Resources Development Programfor Specialized Environment Navigation/Localization Technology Research Center support program supervised by the NIPA(NIPA-2012-H1502-12-1002)
文摘This paper discusses about balancing control of unicycle robot.Unicycle robot consists of pitch which acts like inverted pendulum and roll which acts like reaction wheel pendulum.The robot which does not have actuator located in yaw axis is made to derive the simple dynamics.Lagrange equation is applied to deriving dynamic equations.Obtained dynamic equations are used to design the sliding mode control.State variables of the designed control are pitch angle and roll angle.Sliding mode control has chattering problem,which is eliminated by using the sigmoid function as switching function.Finally the control performance and eliminated chattering problem is verified by simulation.
基金Programs for Science and Technology Development of Shandong,China(No.2010GSF10285)
文摘Raman spectra and surface-enhanced Raman scattering （SERS） spectra of filter paper and silica gel plate are ob- tained at 785-nm excitation wavelength. The results show that filter paper has thirteen Raman lines in 800 - 1 500 cm 1 and silica gel plate has eight lines in the region of 400 - 1 200 cm-I. The frequencies and Raman active modes are assigned. By comparing their Raman spectra and SERS spectra, we find that the silver colloid could repress the Raman intensities of filter paper and silica gel plate, and reduce their effects on the combination of thin-layer chromatographic （TLC） and SERS. Ac- cording to SERS spectra, the bands at 997 cm 1,1 094 cm I ,1 118 cm-1 ,1 336 cm-1 and 1 378 cm-1 for filter paper and the peak of v l [ SO4] symmetric stretching vibration （--1 017 cm-1 ） for silica gel plate also have high intensities, and those lines should be paid enough attention in TLC-SERS.
基金Graduate Scientific and Innovation Foundation of Shandong University of Science and Technology(No.YCA120108)
文摘To verify a vacuum breaker's feasibility,when a transformer substation chooses a vacuum circuit breaker,it takes two different actual operational ways to cut off a transformer.This paper,using the power system computer aided design/electro magnetic transient in DC system(PSCAD/EMTDC)software,simulates the substation system and studies transient recovery voltage(TRV)caused by the two different ways which can cut off a with load transformer or a no-load transformer.Simulation and calculation results show that TRV indexes of the first way are much higher than that of the second one,and their TRV indexes are both in a permissible range.The breaker is proved to be available.Besides,this paper proves that paralleling resistance has a good effect when the indexes exceed the standard.The resistance value depends on specific circumstances.
基金The Research of Ecological and Hydrogeological Geological Environment Infor mation of Remote Sensing in Datun MineShandong University of Science and Technology Graduate Innovation Fund(No.YCA120312)
文摘The Datun mining area is the test area in this paper,and the purpose is to obtain the mining land cover classification map in 2003.The data source used in this paper is the Landsat enhanced thematic mapper plus(ETM)remote sensing data.By obtaining the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)of the study area,the land cover classification information is extracted using the density segmentation method.Because the results cannot distinguish the construction land and wetland,this paper obtains the humidity information of multi-spectral data through the tasseled cap transformation.From the density segmentation image of humidity information,the construction and wetland types can be clearly distinguished.Finally,combining the two classification maps,the visual interpretation using Landsat ETM fusion image with 15-m resolution helps to get the final classification results.After classification accuracy assessment,the overall accuracy calculated from the classification confusion matrix is 86%.This result can be applied in actual project.
基金the MKE(The Ministry of Knowledge Economy),Korea,under the ITRC(Infor mation Technology Research Center)support program supervised by the NIPA(National IT Industry Promotion Agency)(NIPA-2012-H0301-12-2006)The Brain Korea 21 Project in 2012
文摘This paper proposes a pedestrian tracking approach using bounding box based on probability densities.It is generally a difficult task to track features like corner points in outdoor images due to complex environment.To solve this problem,the feature points are projected along X and Y direction separately,and a histogram is constructed for each projection,with horizontal axis as positions and vertical axis as the number of feature points that lie on each position.Finally,the vertical axis is normalized for expression as probability.After histogram is constructed,the probability of each feature point is checked with a threshold.A feature point will be ignored if its probability is lower than a threshold,while the remaining feature points are grouped,based on which a bounding box is made.Kanade-Lucas Tomasi(KLT)algorithm is adopted as the tracking algorithm because it is able to track local features in images robustly.The efficiency of the tracking results using this method is verified in real environment test.
基金The MKE(The Ministry of Knowledge Economy),Korea,under the ITRC(Infor mation Technology Research Center)support program supervised by the NIPA(National IT Industry Promotion Agency)(NIPA-2012-H0301-12-2006)TheBrain Korea 21 Project in 2012
文摘Active appearance model（AAM） is an efficient useful for the subsequent work such as face detection and method for the localization of facial feature points, which is also facial expression recognition. In this paper, we mainly discuss the AAMs based on principal component analysis （PCA）. We also propose an efficient facial fitting algorithm, which is named inverse compositional image alignment （ICIA）, to eliminate a considerable amount of computation resulting from traditional gradient descent fitting algorithm. Finally, 3D facial curvature is used to initialize the location of facial feature, which helps select the parameters of initial state for the improved AAM.
