临床循证决策过程中需要基于最佳证据,综合考虑干预措施利弊大小、证据确信度、成本与可行性等因素。通过制定患者健康结局指标效应量决策阈值(decision threshold of effect size,DTES),能够帮助利益相关者理解干预措施利弊大小、评估...临床循证决策过程中需要基于最佳证据,综合考虑干预措施利弊大小、证据确信度、成本与可行性等因素。通过制定患者健康结局指标效应量决策阈值(decision threshold of effect size,DTES),能够帮助利益相关者理解干预措施利弊大小、评估证据确信度和解读研究结果。MERGE工作组充分借鉴国际经验,通过小组讨论、半结构化访谈、专家共识和试点应用,开发了一套包括8个步骤的健康结局指标DTES制定方法指南,包括:必要性评估、组建工作组、遴选患者重要结局、基于最佳证据制作情景示例、设计专家函询问卷、分析专家涵询结果、面对面专家共识以及推广应用与后效评价。DTES指南的开发,以期为利益相关者制定不同领域健康结局指标的DTES提供方法指导。展开更多
This paper focuses on the public participation in environmental planning. After the decade for inaccessible information related to the decision taken, actually, the program of public participation is the reference of ...This paper focuses on the public participation in environmental planning. After the decade for inaccessible information related to the decision taken, actually, the program of public participation is the reference of all the decision making process. However, there are some factors that limit this process, such as poverty, illiteracy, ignorance and often the social inequality. Therefore, this study focuses first on the benefits of public participation in environmental planning, then the involvement of the local population, and finally the decision making access using a case study of Madagascar.展开更多
Quality is considered as one of the most important elements in the construction industry. The factors affecting quality in the construction industry should be assessed. This paper aims to introduce a new model to asse...Quality is considered as one of the most important elements in the construction industry. The factors affecting quality in the construction industry should be assessed. This paper aims to introduce a new model to assess these factors. The model is namely Fuzzy Assessment Model for Quality （FAMQ）. Fuzzy set theory provides a useful way to deal with ill-defined and complex problems in a decision-making environment that incorporates vagueness. The proposed model employs the combined effect of both; the factors probability of occurrence and their impacts on the quality of construction. Twenty five logical rules for each factor were implemented in the model. The model was evaluated using data that collected from the infrastructure projects in Egypt. It was applied to many factors that affect the quality of this kind of projects as a case study. The results of the study proved that the proposed model can be used successfully in the assessment of factors affecting quality in the construction industry. In addition, the results provided a platform of useful assessment reference to those infrastructure＇s finns, who plan to establish their businesses in Egypt.展开更多
文摘临床循证决策过程中需要基于最佳证据,综合考虑干预措施利弊大小、证据确信度、成本与可行性等因素。通过制定患者健康结局指标效应量决策阈值(decision threshold of effect size,DTES),能够帮助利益相关者理解干预措施利弊大小、评估证据确信度和解读研究结果。MERGE工作组充分借鉴国际经验,通过小组讨论、半结构化访谈、专家共识和试点应用,开发了一套包括8个步骤的健康结局指标DTES制定方法指南,包括:必要性评估、组建工作组、遴选患者重要结局、基于最佳证据制作情景示例、设计专家函询问卷、分析专家涵询结果、面对面专家共识以及推广应用与后效评价。DTES指南的开发,以期为利益相关者制定不同领域健康结局指标的DTES提供方法指导。
文摘This paper focuses on the public participation in environmental planning. After the decade for inaccessible information related to the decision taken, actually, the program of public participation is the reference of all the decision making process. However, there are some factors that limit this process, such as poverty, illiteracy, ignorance and often the social inequality. Therefore, this study focuses first on the benefits of public participation in environmental planning, then the involvement of the local population, and finally the decision making access using a case study of Madagascar.
文摘Quality is considered as one of the most important elements in the construction industry. The factors affecting quality in the construction industry should be assessed. This paper aims to introduce a new model to assess these factors. The model is namely Fuzzy Assessment Model for Quality （FAMQ）. Fuzzy set theory provides a useful way to deal with ill-defined and complex problems in a decision-making environment that incorporates vagueness. The proposed model employs the combined effect of both; the factors probability of occurrence and their impacts on the quality of construction. Twenty five logical rules for each factor were implemented in the model. The model was evaluated using data that collected from the infrastructure projects in Egypt. It was applied to many factors that affect the quality of this kind of projects as a case study. The results of the study proved that the proposed model can be used successfully in the assessment of factors affecting quality in the construction industry. In addition, the results provided a platform of useful assessment reference to those infrastructure＇s finns, who plan to establish their businesses in Egypt.
