Fucoxanthin content of five brown seaweed species of East Java collected from Talango district （Madura sea-Jawa sea） namely Padina australis, Turbinaria conoides, Sargassum cinereum, Sargassum filipendula and Sargas...Fucoxanthin content of five brown seaweed species of East Java collected from Talango district （Madura sea-Jawa sea） namely Padina australis, Turbinaria conoides, Sargassum cinereum, Sargassum filipendula and Sargassum echinocarpum were determined and samples were collected using Global Positioning System （GPS）. Fucoxanthin from those samples was determined using Thin Layer Chromatography （TLC）, High Pressure Liquid Chromatography （HPLC） and Spectrophotometer UV-Vis and the results were then calculated using Seely equation. The pigments separation using HPLC gave a better result compared to TLC, and beside fucoxanthin otlher pigments namely chlorophyll and β carotene were also identified in these samples. Four points of sampling location were chosen using GPS and spot with coordinate positions observed were 113.94444° EL-7.08795° SA; 113.94231° EL-7.08913° SA. The results showed that fucoxanthin content were as follow： Padina australis 0.2674± 0.0046 mg/g; Turbinaria conoides 0.2134± 0.0100 mg/g; Sargassum filipendula 0.1957 ± 0.0173 mg/g; Sargassum cinereum 0.1640 ± 0.0092 mg/g and Sargassum echinocarpum 0.1576 ± 0.0001 mg/g. It can be concluded that Padina australis and Turbinaria conoides contain the most amount of fucoxanthin and it is possible to be cultivated as edible brown seaweed fucoxanthin resources.展开更多
Urothelial cancers usually recur distantly rather than loco-regionally. In patients with pT2 and pT3/pT4 tumors, local recurrence has been observed in 3-4% and 11-16%, respectively, whereas distant failure has occurre...Urothelial cancers usually recur distantly rather than loco-regionally. In patients with pT2 and pT3/pT4 tumors, local recurrence has been observed in 3-4% and 11-16%, respectively, whereas distant failure has occurred in 10-27% and 19-35%, respectively. Despite local therapy most patients with muscle invasive transitional cell carcinoma （TCC） of the bladder die of systemic relapse, indicating a need for effective adjunctive systemic treatment. We determined whether neoadjuvant chemotherapy improved overall survival. This study evaluated the role of neoadjuvant combination chemotherapy with gemcitabine/cisplatin （GC） in improving the outcome of this group of patients. A total of 44 patients （84% Male, 16% Female） with newly diagnosed bladder cancer （T3-4, N0-2, M0） were subjected to initial 3 cycles of GC, then managed according to response. Patients were assessed clinically after each cycle and by Interim CT scan after 3 cycles of chemotherapy and those who achieved complete or partial response underwent radical cystectomy. We enrolled 63 patients, 19 of whom were found to be ineligible; thus, 44 were assigned to receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery. Average size of the largest tumor was greater that 30mm in 77% patients. According to Computed Tomographic findings 70% patients belonged to Stage T4A. The overall response rate to GC was 50%, and incomplete response was achieved in 25% whereas 25% patients were lost to follow up. Twenty two patients who had complete response, underwent cystectomy and diversion. It was observed that those patients who underwent radical cystectomy with ureterosigmoidostomy had an increased serum creatinine in comparison to patients who had ileal conduit. The size of the effect is modest and combination chemotherapy can be administered safely without adverse outcomes resulting in delayed local therapy. Further efforts to identify the patients most likely to benefit from neoadjuvant therapy are necessary to optimize its use.展开更多
South Africa is facing enormous financial, environmental and social challenges posed by abandoned mines. This investigation focused on field verification of 850 abandoned mines and associated rehabilitation challenges...South Africa is facing enormous financial, environmental and social challenges posed by abandoned mines. This investigation focused on field verification of 850 abandoned mines and associated rehabilitation challenges in the Limpopo Province. The investigations included desktop studies, standardised field-based ranking system and sampling. The waste material samples were analysed using XRF （X-ray fluorescence spectrometry） at the Council for Geoscience Laboratory. Approximately 5% of 850 abandoned mines in the Limpopo Province require urgent rehabilitation either due to high concentrations of metals from mine dumps or presence of open shafts. For example, copper concentrations at Messina and Spoedwel were 9,719 ppm and 56,160 ppm, respectively. Birthday Gold Mine in Giyani area is characterised by un-safe open shafts and un-stable grounds which poses safety problems and limits the future land-use. Although these investigations have been conducted, it is not possible to rehabilitate all abandoned mines mainly due to limited financial resources. The abandoned mines close to human settlement are given priority due to their immediate threat to people. This study recommends that rehabilitation of abandoned mines should take cognisance of the sustainable future land use that will favour the creation of jobs and nature conservation.展开更多
In order to promote the application of Beijing-1 small satellite(BJ-1) remote sensing data,the multispectral and panchromatic images captured by BJ-1 were used for land cover classification in Pangzhuang Coal Mining.A...In order to promote the application of Beijing-1 small satellite(BJ-1) remote sensing data,the multispectral and panchromatic images captured by BJ-1 were used for land cover classification in Pangzhuang Coal Mining.An improved Intensity-Hue-Saturation(IHS) fusion algorithm is proposed to fuse panchromatic and multispectral images,in which intensity component and panchromatic image are combined using the weights determined by edge pixels in the panchromatic image identified by grey absolute correlation degree.This improved IHS fusion algorithm outper-forms traditional IHS fusion method to a certain extent,evidenced by its ability in preserving spectral information and enhancing spatial details.Dempster-Shafer(D-S) evidence theory was adopted to combine the outputs of three member classifiers to generate the final classification map with higher accuracy than that by any individual classifier.Based on this study,we conclude that Beijing-1 small satellite remote sensing images are useful to monitor and analyze land cover change and ecological environment degradation in mining areas,and the proposed fusion algorithms at data and decision levels can integrate the advantages of multi-resolution images and multiple classifiers,improve the overall accuracy and produce a more reliable land cover map.展开更多
The research on the application of X-ray diffraction in the quantitative analysis of Chinese medicines is rare. The main reason is that the technical problems related to the internal standard and the selection of quan...The research on the application of X-ray diffraction in the quantitative analysis of Chinese medicines is rare. The main reason is that the technical problems related to the internal standard and the selection of quantitative peaks are not well solved, and the accuracy and precision of the results are not satisfactory. This study employed the concept of mass absorption coefficient based on the internal standard method, and the full spectrum fitting and quantitative methods were used to solve the above technical problems. The sample was blended. the internal standard substance of zinc oxide was fully ground, and tablets were prepared by positive pressure method. Under certain instrumental conditions, the PXRD pattern was obtained by scanning. The percentage of gypsum fibrosum in Xiaokening tablet was obtained by quantitative analysis of full spectrum fitting internal standard by TOPAS software. The method was investigated by methodology. At the same time, the method was compared by ion chromatography, and SPSS software was used to make a significant t test on the results of the two methods. After the investigation, the average standard recovery rate of CaSO4-2H2O was 99.06%(RSD = 3.02%);and the recovery rate for simulated samples was 96.7%. The method had good specificity. After statistical analysis, there was no significant difference between the new PXRD method and the traditional method of ion chromatography.展开更多
文摘Fucoxanthin content of five brown seaweed species of East Java collected from Talango district （Madura sea-Jawa sea） namely Padina australis, Turbinaria conoides, Sargassum cinereum, Sargassum filipendula and Sargassum echinocarpum were determined and samples were collected using Global Positioning System （GPS）. Fucoxanthin from those samples was determined using Thin Layer Chromatography （TLC）, High Pressure Liquid Chromatography （HPLC） and Spectrophotometer UV-Vis and the results were then calculated using Seely equation. The pigments separation using HPLC gave a better result compared to TLC, and beside fucoxanthin otlher pigments namely chlorophyll and β carotene were also identified in these samples. Four points of sampling location were chosen using GPS and spot with coordinate positions observed were 113.94444° EL-7.08795° SA; 113.94231° EL-7.08913° SA. The results showed that fucoxanthin content were as follow： Padina australis 0.2674± 0.0046 mg/g; Turbinaria conoides 0.2134± 0.0100 mg/g; Sargassum filipendula 0.1957 ± 0.0173 mg/g; Sargassum cinereum 0.1640 ± 0.0092 mg/g and Sargassum echinocarpum 0.1576 ± 0.0001 mg/g. It can be concluded that Padina australis and Turbinaria conoides contain the most amount of fucoxanthin and it is possible to be cultivated as edible brown seaweed fucoxanthin resources.
文摘Urothelial cancers usually recur distantly rather than loco-regionally. In patients with pT2 and pT3/pT4 tumors, local recurrence has been observed in 3-4% and 11-16%, respectively, whereas distant failure has occurred in 10-27% and 19-35%, respectively. Despite local therapy most patients with muscle invasive transitional cell carcinoma （TCC） of the bladder die of systemic relapse, indicating a need for effective adjunctive systemic treatment. We determined whether neoadjuvant chemotherapy improved overall survival. This study evaluated the role of neoadjuvant combination chemotherapy with gemcitabine/cisplatin （GC） in improving the outcome of this group of patients. A total of 44 patients （84% Male, 16% Female） with newly diagnosed bladder cancer （T3-4, N0-2, M0） were subjected to initial 3 cycles of GC, then managed according to response. Patients were assessed clinically after each cycle and by Interim CT scan after 3 cycles of chemotherapy and those who achieved complete or partial response underwent radical cystectomy. We enrolled 63 patients, 19 of whom were found to be ineligible; thus, 44 were assigned to receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery. Average size of the largest tumor was greater that 30mm in 77% patients. According to Computed Tomographic findings 70% patients belonged to Stage T4A. The overall response rate to GC was 50%, and incomplete response was achieved in 25% whereas 25% patients were lost to follow up. Twenty two patients who had complete response, underwent cystectomy and diversion. It was observed that those patients who underwent radical cystectomy with ureterosigmoidostomy had an increased serum creatinine in comparison to patients who had ileal conduit. The size of the effect is modest and combination chemotherapy can be administered safely without adverse outcomes resulting in delayed local therapy. Further efforts to identify the patients most likely to benefit from neoadjuvant therapy are necessary to optimize its use.
文摘South Africa is facing enormous financial, environmental and social challenges posed by abandoned mines. This investigation focused on field verification of 850 abandoned mines and associated rehabilitation challenges in the Limpopo Province. The investigations included desktop studies, standardised field-based ranking system and sampling. The waste material samples were analysed using XRF （X-ray fluorescence spectrometry） at the Council for Geoscience Laboratory. Approximately 5% of 850 abandoned mines in the Limpopo Province require urgent rehabilitation either due to high concentrations of metals from mine dumps or presence of open shafts. For example, copper concentrations at Messina and Spoedwel were 9,719 ppm and 56,160 ppm, respectively. Birthday Gold Mine in Giyani area is characterised by un-safe open shafts and un-stable grounds which poses safety problems and limits the future land-use. Although these investigations have been conducted, it is not possible to rehabilitate all abandoned mines mainly due to limited financial resources. The abandoned mines close to human settlement are given priority due to their immediate threat to people. This study recommends that rehabilitation of abandoned mines should take cognisance of the sustainable future land use that will favour the creation of jobs and nature conservation.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40871195)Opening Fund of Beijing-1Small Satellite Data Applications from State Key Laboratory for Remote Sensing Science (No. 200709)National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (No. 2007AA12Z162)
文摘In order to promote the application of Beijing-1 small satellite(BJ-1) remote sensing data,the multispectral and panchromatic images captured by BJ-1 were used for land cover classification in Pangzhuang Coal Mining.An improved Intensity-Hue-Saturation(IHS) fusion algorithm is proposed to fuse panchromatic and multispectral images,in which intensity component and panchromatic image are combined using the weights determined by edge pixels in the panchromatic image identified by grey absolute correlation degree.This improved IHS fusion algorithm outper-forms traditional IHS fusion method to a certain extent,evidenced by its ability in preserving spectral information and enhancing spatial details.Dempster-Shafer(D-S) evidence theory was adopted to combine the outputs of three member classifiers to generate the final classification map with higher accuracy than that by any individual classifier.Based on this study,we conclude that Beijing-1 small satellite remote sensing images are useful to monitor and analyze land cover change and ecological environment degradation in mining areas,and the proposed fusion algorithms at data and decision levels can integrate the advantages of multi-resolution images and multiple classifiers,improve the overall accuracy and produce a more reliable land cover map.
文摘The research on the application of X-ray diffraction in the quantitative analysis of Chinese medicines is rare. The main reason is that the technical problems related to the internal standard and the selection of quantitative peaks are not well solved, and the accuracy and precision of the results are not satisfactory. This study employed the concept of mass absorption coefficient based on the internal standard method, and the full spectrum fitting and quantitative methods were used to solve the above technical problems. The sample was blended. the internal standard substance of zinc oxide was fully ground, and tablets were prepared by positive pressure method. Under certain instrumental conditions, the PXRD pattern was obtained by scanning. The percentage of gypsum fibrosum in Xiaokening tablet was obtained by quantitative analysis of full spectrum fitting internal standard by TOPAS software. The method was investigated by methodology. At the same time, the method was compared by ion chromatography, and SPSS software was used to make a significant t test on the results of the two methods. After the investigation, the average standard recovery rate of CaSO4-2H2O was 99.06%(RSD = 3.02%);and the recovery rate for simulated samples was 96.7%. The method had good specificity. After statistical analysis, there was no significant difference between the new PXRD method and the traditional method of ion chromatography.
