To avoid the aerodynamic performance loss of airfoil at non-design state which often appears in single point design optimization, and to improve the adaptability to the uncertain factors in actual flight environment, ...To avoid the aerodynamic performance loss of airfoil at non-design state which often appears in single point design optimization, and to improve the adaptability to the uncertain factors in actual flight environment, a two-dimensional stochastic airfoil optimization design method based on neural networks is presented. To provide highly efficient and credible analysis, four BP neural networks are built as surrogate models to predict the airfoil aerodynamic coefficients and geometry parameter. These networks are combined with the probability density function obeying normal distribution and the genetic algorithm, thus forming an optimization design method. Using the method, for GA（W）-2 airfoil, a stochastic optimization is implemented in a two-dimensional flight area about Mach number and angle of attack. Compared with original airfoil and single point optimization design airfoil, results show that the two-dimensional stochastic method can improve the performance in a specific flight area, and increase the airfoil adaptability to the stochastic changes of multiple flight parameters.展开更多
The study was conducted to evaluate 12 traits of 15 hybrid maize culti- vars using multi-factor comprehensive appraisal. The results showed that Xianyu 335, ND8 and ND2 were better than other cultivars in these agrono...The study was conducted to evaluate 12 traits of 15 hybrid maize culti- vars using multi-factor comprehensive appraisal. The results showed that Xianyu 335, ND8 and ND2 were better than other cultivars in these agronomic traits. Multi- factor comprehensive appraisal with simple computing, comprehensive and reason- able results is suitable to be used for evaluating the performance of hybrid maize cultivars in field.展开更多
In HFCVD system the substrate temperature is a key factor which deeply affects the quality of diamond films. Th e magnitude and the variation of the substrate temperature must be limited in a suitable range to depo...In HFCVD system the substrate temperature is a key factor which deeply affects the quality of diamond films. Th e magnitude and the variation of the substrate temperature must be limited in a suitable range to deposit diamond films of uniform thickness over large areas. In this paper, the hot filament parameters are investigated on the basi s of GAs to realize a good substrate temperature profile. Computer simulations d emonstrate that on parameters optimized by GAs a uniform substrate temperatur e field can be formed over a relatively large circle area with R s=10 cm.展开更多
The present paper predicted the function of unknow genes by analyzing the co-expression data of Arabidopsis thaliana from biological pathway based on the shortest-path algorithm. This paper proposed that transitive co...The present paper predicted the function of unknow genes by analyzing the co-expression data of Arabidopsis thaliana from biological pathway based on the shortest-path algorithm. This paper proposed that transitive co-expression among genes can be used as an important attribute to link genes of the same biological pathway. The genes from the same biological pathway with similar functions are strongly correlated in expression. Moreover,the function of unknown genes can be predicted by the known genes where they are strongly correlated in expression lying on the same shortest-path from the biological pathway. Analyzing the Arabidopsis thaliana from the biological pathway,this study showed that this method can reliably reveal function of the unknown Arabidopsis thaliana genes and the approach of predicting gene function by transitiving co-expression in shortest-path is feasible and effective.展开更多
AIM:The eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) shows variation among countries and regimens of treatment. We aimed to study the eradication rates of different regimens in our region and some factors affect...AIM:The eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) shows variation among countries and regimens of treatment. We aimed to study the eradication rates of different regimens in our region and some factors affecting the rate of eradication. METHODS:One hundred and sixty-four H pylori positive patients (68 males,96 females;mean age:48±12 years) with duodenal or gastric ulcer without a smoking history were included in the study.The patients were divided into three groups according to the treatment regimens.Omeprazole 20mg,clarithromycin 500mg,amoxicillin 1g were given twice daily for 1 week (Group Ⅰ) and 2 weeks (Group Ⅱ). Patients in Group Ⅲ received bismuth subsitrate 300mg, tetracyline 500mg and metronidazole 500mg four times daily in addition to Omeprazole 20mg twice daily.Two biopsies each before and after treatment were obtained from antrum and corpus,and histopathologically evaluated. Eradication was assumed to be successful if no H pylorus was detected from four biopsy specimens taken after treatment.The effects of factors like age,sex,H pylori density on antrum and corpus before treatment,the total H pylori density,and the inflammation scores on the rate of H pylori eradication were evaluated. RESULTS:The overall eradication rate was 42%.The rates in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were statistically higher than that in group Ⅰ (P<0.05).The rates of eradication were 24.5%, 40.7% and 61.5% in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ,respectively.The eradication rate was negatively related to either corpus H pylori density or total H pylori density (P<0.05).The median age was older in the group in which the eradication failed in comparison to that with successful eradication (55 yr vs 39 yr,P<0.001).No correlation between sex and H pylori eradication was found. CONCLUSION:Our rates of eradication were significantly lower when compared to those reported in literature.We believe that advanced age and high H pylori density are negative predictive factors for the rate of H pylori eradication.展开更多
Immunotherapy encompasses a variety of interventions and techniques with the common goal of eliciting tumor cell destructive immune responses. Colorectal carcinoma often presents as metastatic disease that impedes cur...Immunotherapy encompasses a variety of interventions and techniques with the common goal of eliciting tumor cell destructive immune responses. Colorectal carcinoma often presents as metastatic disease that impedes curative surgery. Novel strategies such as active immunization with dendritic cells (DCs), gene transfer of cytokines into tumor cells or administration of immunostimulatory monoclonal antibodies (such as anti-CD137 or anti-CTLA-4) have been assessed in preclinical studies and are at an early clinical development stage. Importantly, there is accumulating evidence that chemotherapy and immunotherapy can be combined in the treatment of some cases with colorectal cancer, with synergistic potentiation as a result of antigens cross-presented by dendritic cells and/or elimination of competitor or suppressive T lymphocyte populations (regulatory T-cells). However, genetic and epigenetic unstable carcinoma cells frequently evolve mechanisms of immunoevasion that are the result of either loss of antigen presentation, or an active expression of immunosuppressive substances. Some of these actively immunosuppressive mechanisms are inducible by cytokines that signify the arrival of an effector immune response. For example, induction of 2, 3 indoleamine dioxygenase (IDO) by IFNγ in colorectal carcinoma cells. Combinational and balanced strategies fostering antigen presentation, T-cell costimulation and interference with immune regulatory mechanisms will probably take the stage in translational research in the treatment of colorectal carcinoma.展开更多
AIM: To investigate whether changes in the frequencyof peripheral natural killer T (NKT) cells were correlatedwith liver disease in patients who had metabolicpredispositions to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)....AIM: To investigate whether changes in the frequencyof peripheral natural killer T (NKT) cells were correlatedwith liver disease in patients who had metabolicpredispositions to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).METHODS: Peripheral blood samples were obtainedfrom 60 Chinese NAFLD patients and 60 age and gendermatched healthy controls. The frequency of peripheralNKT cells was detected by flow cytometry. Clinical andlaboratory data were collected for further analysis. RESULTS: NAFLD patients had a lower frequencyof peripheral NKT cells than healthy controls (1.21%± 0.06% vs 1.62% ± 0.07%, P < 0.001). Furtheranalysis revealed that the frequency of peripheralNKT cells was negatively correlated with body massindex, waist circumference and serum levels of alanineaminotransferase. Logistic regression analysis revealedthat elevated body mass index [hazard ratio (HR):2.991], aspartate aminotransferase levels (HR: 1.148)and fasting blood sugar (HR: 3.133) increased the riskof NAFLD, whereas an elevated frequency of peripheralNKT cells (HR: 0.107) decreased the risk. CONCLUSION: Changes in the frequency of peripheralNKT cells were correlated with NAFLD and a decreasedfrequency of peripheral NKT cells was a risk factor forNAFLD.展开更多
Fecal incontinence is a disabling disease, often observed in young subjects, that may have devastating psycho-social consequences. In the last years, numerous evidences have been reported on the efficacy of bio-feedba...Fecal incontinence is a disabling disease, often observed in young subjects, that may have devastating psycho-social consequences. In the last years, numerous evidences have been reported on the efficacy of bio-feedback techniques for the treatment of this disorder. Overall, the literature data claim a success rate in more than 70% of cases in the short term. However, recent controlled trials have not confirmed this optimistic view, thus emphasizing the role of standard care. Nonetheless, many authors believe that this should be the first therapeutic approach for fecal incontinence due to the efficacy, lack of side-effects,and scarce invasiveness. Well-designed randomized,controlled trial are eagerly awaited to solve this therapeutic dilemma.展开更多
AIM： To examine the efficacy of the radial flow bioreactor （RFB） as an extracorporeal bioartificial liver （BAL） and the reconstruction of liver organoids using embryonic pig liver cells. METHODS： We reconstructe...AIM： To examine the efficacy of the radial flow bioreactor （RFB） as an extracorporeal bioartificial liver （BAL） and the reconstruction of liver organoids using embryonic pig liver cells. METHODS： We reconstructed the liver organoids using embryonic porcine liver cells in the RFB. We also determined the gestational time window for the optimum growth of embryonic porcine liver cells. Five weeks of gestation was designated as embryonic day （E） 35 and 8 wk of gestation was designated as E56. These cells were cultured for one week before morphological and functional examinations. Moreover, the efficacy of pulsed adminisbation of a high concentration hepatocyte growth factor （HGF） was examined. RESULTS： Both cell growth and function were excellent after harvesting on E35. The pulsed administration of a high concentration of HGF promoted the differentiation and maturation of these fetal hepatic cells. Microscopic examination of organoids in the RFB revealed palisading and showed that bile duct-like structures were well developed, indicating that the organoids were mini livers. Transmission electron microscopy revealed microvilli on the luminal surfaces of bile duct-like structures and junctional complexes, which form the basis of the cytoskeleton of epithelial tissues. Furthermore, strong expression of connexin （Cx） 32, which is the main protein of hepatocyte gap junctions, was observed. With respect to liver function, ammonia detoxification and urea synthesis were shown to be performed effectively. CONCLUSION： Our system can potentially be applied in the fields of BAL and transplantation medicine.展开更多
To clarify the importance of various influencing factors on asphalt pavement rutting deformation and determine a screening method of model indicators,the data of the RIOHTrack full-scale track were examined using the ...To clarify the importance of various influencing factors on asphalt pavement rutting deformation and determine a screening method of model indicators,the data of the RIOHTrack full-scale track were examined using the factor analysis method(FAM).Taking the standard test pavement structure of RIOHTrack as an example,four rutting influencing factors from different aspects were determined through statistical analysis.Furthermore,the common influencing factors among the rutting influencing factors were studied based on FAM.Results show that the common factor can well characterize accumulative ESALs,center-point deflection,and temperature,besides humidity,which indicates that these three influencing factors can have an important impact on rutting.Moreover,an empirical rutting prediction model was established based on the selected influencing factors,which proved to exhibit high prediction accuracy.These analysis results demonstrate that the FAM is an effective screening method for rutting prediction model indicators,which provides a reference for the selection of independent model indicators in other rutting prediction model research when used in other areas and is of great significance for the prediction and control of rutting distress.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the factors favoring a positive prognosis for advanced primary peritoneal carcinoma (PPC). Methods: Twenty-four cases meeting the criteria for PPC were analyzed retrospectively for the clinic...Objective: To investigate the factors favoring a positive prognosis for advanced primary peritoneal carcinoma (PPC). Methods: Twenty-four cases meeting the criteria for PPC were analyzed retrospectively for the clinicopathologic profiles. Im- munohistochemistry was used to determine the expressions of p53, Top2α, Ki-67 and Her-2/neu. Then all these clinicopa- thological factors and molecular markers were correlated with the prognosis. Results: There were 15 cases of primary peritoneal serous papillary carcinoma (PPSPC), 6 cases of mixed epithelial carcinoma (MEC) and 3 cases of malignant mixed Mullerian tumor (MMMT). All patients underwent cytoreductive surgery with optimal debulking achieved in 3 cases. Among those re- ceiving first-line chemotherapy, 13 patients received the TP regimen (paclitaxel-cisplatin or carboplatin) and 7 patients received the PAC regimen (cisplatin-doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide). The median overall survival of all patients was 42 months, while the breakdown for survival time for patients with PPSPC, MMT and MEC was 44, 13 and 19 months, respectively. The expressions of p53, Top2α and Ki-67 were all demonstrated in 11 cases respectively. None showed the expression of Her-2/neu. There were significant differences in the median survival between patients with PPSPC and those with MMMT (44 months vs 13 months, P<0.05), also between patients receiving TP combination and those receiving the PAC regimen (75 months vs 28 months, P<0.05). Another significant difference in the median progression-free survival (PFS) was identified between patients with positive p53 immunostaining and those with negative p53 immunostaining (15 months vs 47 months, P<0.05), whereas age, menopausal status, residual tumor size and the other molecular factors did not significantly impact survival. Conclusion: Patients with PPC should be treated with a comprehensive management plan including appropriate cytoreductive surgery and responsive chemotherapy. Overestimating an optimal debulking surgery may not benefit survival. The pathologic subtype, chemotherapy regimen and p53 overexpression were significant prognostic factors.展开更多
Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),including both ulcerative colitis(UC) and Crohn's disease(CD),emerged and dramatically increased for about a century.Despite extensive research,its cause remains regarded as unknown...Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),including both ulcerative colitis(UC) and Crohn's disease(CD),emerged and dramatically increased for about a century.Despite extensive research,its cause remains regarded as unknown.About a decade ago,a series of findings made me suspect that saccharin may be a key causative factor for IBD,through its inhibition on gut bacteria and the resultant impaired inactivation of digestive proteases and over digestion of the mucus layer and gut barrier(the Bacteria-Protease-Mucus-Barrier hypothesis).It explained many puzzles in IBD such as its emergence and temporal changes in last century.Recently I further found evidence suggesting sucralose may be also linked to IBD through a similar mechanism as saccharin and have contributed to the recent worldwide increase of IBD.This new hypothesis suggests that UC and CD are just two symptoms of the same morbidity,rather than two different diseases.They are both caused by a weakening in gut barrier and only differ in that UC is mainly due to increased infiltration of gut bacteria and the resultant recruitment of neutrophils and formation of crypt abscess,while CD is mainly due to increased infiltration of antigens and particles from gut lumen and the resultant recruitment of macrophages and formation of granulomas.It explained the delayed appearance but accelerated increase of CD over UC and many other phenomena.This paper aims to provide a detailed description of a unified hypothesis regardingthe etiology of IBD,including the cause and mechanism of IBD,as well as the relationship between UC and CD.展开更多
Constitutive activation of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-signaling axis is frequently observed in human hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Especially the over- expression of the fetal growth factor IGF-Ⅱ,IGF-Ⅰ rec...Constitutive activation of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-signaling axis is frequently observed in human hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Especially the over- expression of the fetal growth factor IGF-Ⅱ,IGF-Ⅰ receptor(IGF-IR),and cytoplasmic downstream effectors such as insulin-receptor substrates(IRS)contribute to proliferation,anti-apoptosis,and invasive behavior. This review focuses on the relevant alterations in this signaling pathway and independent in vivo models that support the central role IGF-Ⅱsignaling during HCC development and progression.Since this pathway has become the center of interest as a target for potential anti-cancer therapy in many types of malignancies,various experimental strategies have been developed,including neutralizing antibodies and selective receptor kinase inhibitors,with respect to the specific and efficient reduction of oncogenic IGF-Ⅱ/IGF-IR-signaling.展开更多
The recently proposed interface propagation-based method has shown its advantages in obtaining the thermal conductivity of phase change materials during solid-liquid transition over conventional techniques. However, i...The recently proposed interface propagation-based method has shown its advantages in obtaining the thermal conductivity of phase change materials during solid-liquid transition over conventional techniques. However, in previous investigation, the analysis on the measurement error was qualitative and only focused on the total effects on the measurement without decoupling the influencing factors. This paper discusses the effects of influencing factors on the measurement results for the interface propagation-based method. Numerical simulations were performed to explore the influencing factors, namely model simplification, subcooling and natural convection, along with their impact on the measurement process and corresponding measurement results. The numerical solutions were provided in terms of moving curves of the solid-liquid interface and the predicted values of thermal conductivity. Results indicated that the impact of simplified model was strongly dependent on Stefan number of the melting process. The degree of subcooling would lead to underestimated values for thermal conductivity prediction. The natural convection would intensify the heat transfer rate in the liquid region, thereby overestimating the obtained results of thermal conductivity. Correlations and experimental guidelines are provided. The relative errors are limited in ±1.5%,±3%and ±2% corresponding to the impact of simplified model, subcooling and natural convection, respectively.展开更多
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) develops in genetically susceptible individuals due to the influence of environmental factors, leading to an abnormal recognition of microbiota antigens by the innate immune system whi...Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) develops in genetically susceptible individuals due to the influence of environmental factors, leading to an abnormal recognition of microbiota antigens by the innate immune system which triggers an exaggerated immune response and subsequent bowel tissue damage. IBD has been more frequently found in families, an observation that could be due to either genetic, environmental or both types of factors present in these families. In addition to expanding our knowledge on IBD pathogenesis, defining the specific contribution to familial IBD of each one of these factors might have also clinical usefulness. We review the available evidence on familial IBD pathogenesis.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To investigate the in vitro lethal effect of photo- dynamic therapy （PDT） using the photosensitizer hematoporphyrin on the human pancreatic cancer cell line Panc-1, the major influencing factors and the me...OBJECTIVE To investigate the in vitro lethal effect of photo- dynamic therapy （PDT） using the photosensitizer hematoporphyrin on the human pancreatic cancer cell line Panc-1, the major influencing factors and the mechanisms of treatment. METHODS Three factors--the time needed for photosensitizer and cell incubation, the photosensitizer concentration （PhoC） and the exposure dose （ExpD）--were examined with different levels of these factors. Optical density （OD） was used as a measure of CCK-8 in the experiment, and was converted to the rate of cell survival. The separate effect of each factor on the photodynamic action was studied, and the interactions were investigated. The effects of different incubation times and PhoC levels on the fluorescence intensity （FI） of the intracellular photosensitizer were determined, and the mechanisms of these factors leading to the therapeutic effects of PDT discussed. RESULTS An increase in the photosensitizer and cell incubation time, an increase of PhoC, and enhancement of the ExpD, produced a corresponding decrease in the rate of Panc-1 cell survival after PDT （P 〈 0.05）. PDT achieved its maximum lethal effects 16 h after starting the incubation, with a PhoC of 10 mg/L and an ExpD of 20 J/cm2; at these levels a synergistic interaction between PhoC and the ExpD occurred, decreasing the cell survival rate （P 〈 0.05）. Neither simple administration of photosensitizer without ExpD （0 J/cm2） or illumination in the absence of PhoC （0 mg/L） affected the rate of cell survival （P 〉 0.05）. With an increase of PhoC and lengthening of the incubation time, the FI of the intracellular photosensitizer accordingly increased （P 〈 0.05）, and attained its maximum value at a PhoC of 10 mg/L and 36 h after the incubation. With an increase of PhoC, the FI of the photosensitizer, hematoporphyrin, in the solution increased progressively at first and then decreased （fluorescence quenching）. CONCLUSION PDT with the photosensitizer hematoporphyrin has clear lethal effects on the human pancreatic cancer cell line Panc-1, but the presence of a photosensitizer and laser irradiation by themselves do not have independent lethal effects. The three influencing factors--the time for photosensitizer and cell incuba- tion, PhoC and ExpD--correlate positively with the PDT response, within certain limits. Beyond these limits, the PDT response does not significantly increase. The main mechanism of the PDT response lies in the effect of these factors on the level of the intracellular photosensitizer and the fluorescence quenching of the photosensitizer. A synergistic effect exists between PhoC and ExpD.展开更多
文摘To avoid the aerodynamic performance loss of airfoil at non-design state which often appears in single point design optimization, and to improve the adaptability to the uncertain factors in actual flight environment, a two-dimensional stochastic airfoil optimization design method based on neural networks is presented. To provide highly efficient and credible analysis, four BP neural networks are built as surrogate models to predict the airfoil aerodynamic coefficients and geometry parameter. These networks are combined with the probability density function obeying normal distribution and the genetic algorithm, thus forming an optimization design method. Using the method, for GA（W）-2 airfoil, a stochastic optimization is implemented in a two-dimensional flight area about Mach number and angle of attack. Compared with original airfoil and single point optimization design airfoil, results show that the two-dimensional stochastic method can improve the performance in a specific flight area, and increase the airfoil adaptability to the stochastic changes of multiple flight parameters.
基金Supported by the Fund of Development and Industrialization of New Maize Cultivar 702(131100110100)~~
文摘The study was conducted to evaluate 12 traits of 15 hybrid maize culti- vars using multi-factor comprehensive appraisal. The results showed that Xianyu 335, ND8 and ND2 were better than other cultivars in these agronomic traits. Multi- factor comprehensive appraisal with simple computing, comprehensive and reason- able results is suitable to be used for evaluating the performance of hybrid maize cultivars in field.
文摘In HFCVD system the substrate temperature is a key factor which deeply affects the quality of diamond films. Th e magnitude and the variation of the substrate temperature must be limited in a suitable range to deposit diamond films of uniform thickness over large areas. In this paper, the hot filament parameters are investigated on the basi s of GAs to realize a good substrate temperature profile. Computer simulations d emonstrate that on parameters optimized by GAs a uniform substrate temperatur e field can be formed over a relatively large circle area with R s=10 cm.
基金Supported by Shanghai Municipal Education Committee Educationand Scientific Research (Grant No. 07ZZ60)~~
文摘The present paper predicted the function of unknow genes by analyzing the co-expression data of Arabidopsis thaliana from biological pathway based on the shortest-path algorithm. This paper proposed that transitive co-expression among genes can be used as an important attribute to link genes of the same biological pathway. The genes from the same biological pathway with similar functions are strongly correlated in expression. Moreover,the function of unknown genes can be predicted by the known genes where they are strongly correlated in expression lying on the same shortest-path from the biological pathway. Analyzing the Arabidopsis thaliana from the biological pathway,this study showed that this method can reliably reveal function of the unknown Arabidopsis thaliana genes and the approach of predicting gene function by transitiving co-expression in shortest-path is feasible and effective.
文摘AIM:The eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) shows variation among countries and regimens of treatment. We aimed to study the eradication rates of different regimens in our region and some factors affecting the rate of eradication. METHODS:One hundred and sixty-four H pylori positive patients (68 males,96 females;mean age:48±12 years) with duodenal or gastric ulcer without a smoking history were included in the study.The patients were divided into three groups according to the treatment regimens.Omeprazole 20mg,clarithromycin 500mg,amoxicillin 1g were given twice daily for 1 week (Group Ⅰ) and 2 weeks (Group Ⅱ). Patients in Group Ⅲ received bismuth subsitrate 300mg, tetracyline 500mg and metronidazole 500mg four times daily in addition to Omeprazole 20mg twice daily.Two biopsies each before and after treatment were obtained from antrum and corpus,and histopathologically evaluated. Eradication was assumed to be successful if no H pylorus was detected from four biopsy specimens taken after treatment.The effects of factors like age,sex,H pylori density on antrum and corpus before treatment,the total H pylori density,and the inflammation scores on the rate of H pylori eradication were evaluated. RESULTS:The overall eradication rate was 42%.The rates in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were statistically higher than that in group Ⅰ (P<0.05).The rates of eradication were 24.5%, 40.7% and 61.5% in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ,respectively.The eradication rate was negatively related to either corpus H pylori density or total H pylori density (P<0.05).The median age was older in the group in which the eradication failed in comparison to that with successful eradication (55 yr vs 39 yr,P<0.001).No correlation between sex and H pylori eradication was found. CONCLUSION:Our rates of eradication were significantly lower when compared to those reported in literature.We believe that advanced age and high H pylori density are negative predictive factors for the rate of H pylori eradication.
文摘Immunotherapy encompasses a variety of interventions and techniques with the common goal of eliciting tumor cell destructive immune responses. Colorectal carcinoma often presents as metastatic disease that impedes curative surgery. Novel strategies such as active immunization with dendritic cells (DCs), gene transfer of cytokines into tumor cells or administration of immunostimulatory monoclonal antibodies (such as anti-CD137 or anti-CTLA-4) have been assessed in preclinical studies and are at an early clinical development stage. Importantly, there is accumulating evidence that chemotherapy and immunotherapy can be combined in the treatment of some cases with colorectal cancer, with synergistic potentiation as a result of antigens cross-presented by dendritic cells and/or elimination of competitor or suppressive T lymphocyte populations (regulatory T-cells). However, genetic and epigenetic unstable carcinoma cells frequently evolve mechanisms of immunoevasion that are the result of either loss of antigen presentation, or an active expression of immunosuppressive substances. Some of these actively immunosuppressive mechanisms are inducible by cytokines that signify the arrival of an effector immune response. For example, induction of 2, 3 indoleamine dioxygenase (IDO) by IFNγ in colorectal carcinoma cells. Combinational and balanced strategies fostering antigen presentation, T-cell costimulation and interference with immune regulatory mechanisms will probably take the stage in translational research in the treatment of colorectal carcinoma.
文摘AIM: To investigate whether changes in the frequencyof peripheral natural killer T (NKT) cells were correlatedwith liver disease in patients who had metabolicpredispositions to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).METHODS: Peripheral blood samples were obtainedfrom 60 Chinese NAFLD patients and 60 age and gendermatched healthy controls. The frequency of peripheralNKT cells was detected by flow cytometry. Clinical andlaboratory data were collected for further analysis. RESULTS: NAFLD patients had a lower frequencyof peripheral NKT cells than healthy controls (1.21%± 0.06% vs 1.62% ± 0.07%, P < 0.001). Furtheranalysis revealed that the frequency of peripheralNKT cells was negatively correlated with body massindex, waist circumference and serum levels of alanineaminotransferase. Logistic regression analysis revealedthat elevated body mass index [hazard ratio (HR):2.991], aspartate aminotransferase levels (HR: 1.148)and fasting blood sugar (HR: 3.133) increased the riskof NAFLD, whereas an elevated frequency of peripheralNKT cells (HR: 0.107) decreased the risk. CONCLUSION: Changes in the frequency of peripheralNKT cells were correlated with NAFLD and a decreasedfrequency of peripheral NKT cells was a risk factor forNAFLD.
文摘Fecal incontinence is a disabling disease, often observed in young subjects, that may have devastating psycho-social consequences. In the last years, numerous evidences have been reported on the efficacy of bio-feedback techniques for the treatment of this disorder. Overall, the literature data claim a success rate in more than 70% of cases in the short term. However, recent controlled trials have not confirmed this optimistic view, thus emphasizing the role of standard care. Nonetheless, many authors believe that this should be the first therapeutic approach for fecal incontinence due to the efficacy, lack of side-effects,and scarce invasiveness. Well-designed randomized,controlled trial are eagerly awaited to solve this therapeutic dilemma.
基金Supported by Grants-In-Aid from the University Start-Up Creation Support Systemthe Promotion and Mutual Aid Corporation for Private School of Japanthe Japan Health Sciences Foundation, Research on Health Science on Drug Innovation, No. KH 71068
文摘AIM： To examine the efficacy of the radial flow bioreactor （RFB） as an extracorporeal bioartificial liver （BAL） and the reconstruction of liver organoids using embryonic pig liver cells. METHODS： We reconstructed the liver organoids using embryonic porcine liver cells in the RFB. We also determined the gestational time window for the optimum growth of embryonic porcine liver cells. Five weeks of gestation was designated as embryonic day （E） 35 and 8 wk of gestation was designated as E56. These cells were cultured for one week before morphological and functional examinations. Moreover, the efficacy of pulsed adminisbation of a high concentration hepatocyte growth factor （HGF） was examined. RESULTS： Both cell growth and function were excellent after harvesting on E35. The pulsed administration of a high concentration of HGF promoted the differentiation and maturation of these fetal hepatic cells. Microscopic examination of organoids in the RFB revealed palisading and showed that bile duct-like structures were well developed, indicating that the organoids were mini livers. Transmission electron microscopy revealed microvilli on the luminal surfaces of bile duct-like structures and junctional complexes, which form the basis of the cytoskeleton of epithelial tissues. Furthermore, strong expression of connexin （Cx） 32, which is the main protein of hepatocyte gap junctions, was observed. With respect to liver function, ammonia detoxification and urea synthesis were shown to be performed effectively. CONCLUSION： Our system can potentially be applied in the fields of BAL and transplantation medicine.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFB1600300,2018YFB1600304,2018YFB1600305)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(No.KYCX21_0133)the Scientific Research Foundation of Graduate School of Southeast University.
文摘To clarify the importance of various influencing factors on asphalt pavement rutting deformation and determine a screening method of model indicators,the data of the RIOHTrack full-scale track were examined using the factor analysis method(FAM).Taking the standard test pavement structure of RIOHTrack as an example,four rutting influencing factors from different aspects were determined through statistical analysis.Furthermore,the common influencing factors among the rutting influencing factors were studied based on FAM.Results show that the common factor can well characterize accumulative ESALs,center-point deflection,and temperature,besides humidity,which indicates that these three influencing factors can have an important impact on rutting.Moreover,an empirical rutting prediction model was established based on the selected influencing factors,which proved to exhibit high prediction accuracy.These analysis results demonstrate that the FAM is an effective screening method for rutting prediction model indicators,which provides a reference for the selection of independent model indicators in other rutting prediction model research when used in other areas and is of great significance for the prediction and control of rutting distress.
文摘Objective: To investigate the factors favoring a positive prognosis for advanced primary peritoneal carcinoma (PPC). Methods: Twenty-four cases meeting the criteria for PPC were analyzed retrospectively for the clinicopathologic profiles. Im- munohistochemistry was used to determine the expressions of p53, Top2α, Ki-67 and Her-2/neu. Then all these clinicopa- thological factors and molecular markers were correlated with the prognosis. Results: There were 15 cases of primary peritoneal serous papillary carcinoma (PPSPC), 6 cases of mixed epithelial carcinoma (MEC) and 3 cases of malignant mixed Mullerian tumor (MMMT). All patients underwent cytoreductive surgery with optimal debulking achieved in 3 cases. Among those re- ceiving first-line chemotherapy, 13 patients received the TP regimen (paclitaxel-cisplatin or carboplatin) and 7 patients received the PAC regimen (cisplatin-doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide). The median overall survival of all patients was 42 months, while the breakdown for survival time for patients with PPSPC, MMT and MEC was 44, 13 and 19 months, respectively. The expressions of p53, Top2α and Ki-67 were all demonstrated in 11 cases respectively. None showed the expression of Her-2/neu. There were significant differences in the median survival between patients with PPSPC and those with MMMT (44 months vs 13 months, P<0.05), also between patients receiving TP combination and those receiving the PAC regimen (75 months vs 28 months, P<0.05). Another significant difference in the median progression-free survival (PFS) was identified between patients with positive p53 immunostaining and those with negative p53 immunostaining (15 months vs 47 months, P<0.05), whereas age, menopausal status, residual tumor size and the other molecular factors did not significantly impact survival. Conclusion: Patients with PPC should be treated with a comprehensive management plan including appropriate cytoreductive surgery and responsive chemotherapy. Overestimating an optimal debulking surgery may not benefit survival. The pathologic subtype, chemotherapy regimen and p53 overexpression were significant prognostic factors.
文摘Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),including both ulcerative colitis(UC) and Crohn's disease(CD),emerged and dramatically increased for about a century.Despite extensive research,its cause remains regarded as unknown.About a decade ago,a series of findings made me suspect that saccharin may be a key causative factor for IBD,through its inhibition on gut bacteria and the resultant impaired inactivation of digestive proteases and over digestion of the mucus layer and gut barrier(the Bacteria-Protease-Mucus-Barrier hypothesis).It explained many puzzles in IBD such as its emergence and temporal changes in last century.Recently I further found evidence suggesting sucralose may be also linked to IBD through a similar mechanism as saccharin and have contributed to the recent worldwide increase of IBD.This new hypothesis suggests that UC and CD are just two symptoms of the same morbidity,rather than two different diseases.They are both caused by a weakening in gut barrier and only differ in that UC is mainly due to increased infiltration of gut bacteria and the resultant recruitment of neutrophils and formation of crypt abscess,while CD is mainly due to increased infiltration of antigens and particles from gut lumen and the resultant recruitment of macrophages and formation of granulomas.It explained the delayed appearance but accelerated increase of CD over UC and many other phenomena.This paper aims to provide a detailed description of a unified hypothesis regardingthe etiology of IBD,including the cause and mechanism of IBD,as well as the relationship between UC and CD.
文摘Constitutive activation of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-signaling axis is frequently observed in human hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Especially the over- expression of the fetal growth factor IGF-Ⅱ,IGF-Ⅰ receptor(IGF-IR),and cytoplasmic downstream effectors such as insulin-receptor substrates(IRS)contribute to proliferation,anti-apoptosis,and invasive behavior. This review focuses on the relevant alterations in this signaling pathway and independent in vivo models that support the central role IGF-Ⅱsignaling during HCC development and progression.Since this pathway has become the center of interest as a target for potential anti-cancer therapy in many types of malignancies,various experimental strategies have been developed,including neutralizing antibodies and selective receptor kinase inhibitors,with respect to the specific and efficient reduction of oncogenic IGF-Ⅱ/IGF-IR-signaling.
基金Project(51606224) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The recently proposed interface propagation-based method has shown its advantages in obtaining the thermal conductivity of phase change materials during solid-liquid transition over conventional techniques. However, in previous investigation, the analysis on the measurement error was qualitative and only focused on the total effects on the measurement without decoupling the influencing factors. This paper discusses the effects of influencing factors on the measurement results for the interface propagation-based method. Numerical simulations were performed to explore the influencing factors, namely model simplification, subcooling and natural convection, along with their impact on the measurement process and corresponding measurement results. The numerical solutions were provided in terms of moving curves of the solid-liquid interface and the predicted values of thermal conductivity. Results indicated that the impact of simplified model was strongly dependent on Stefan number of the melting process. The degree of subcooling would lead to underestimated values for thermal conductivity prediction. The natural convection would intensify the heat transfer rate in the liquid region, thereby overestimating the obtained results of thermal conductivity. Correlations and experimental guidelines are provided. The relative errors are limited in ±1.5%,±3%and ±2% corresponding to the impact of simplified model, subcooling and natural convection, respectively.
基金Supported by Grants from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación(SAF2008/03676) and Fundació Miarnau to Sans M
文摘Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) develops in genetically susceptible individuals due to the influence of environmental factors, leading to an abnormal recognition of microbiota antigens by the innate immune system which triggers an exaggerated immune response and subsequent bowel tissue damage. IBD has been more frequently found in families, an observation that could be due to either genetic, environmental or both types of factors present in these families. In addition to expanding our knowledge on IBD pathogenesis, defining the specific contribution to familial IBD of each one of these factors might have also clinical usefulness. We review the available evidence on familial IBD pathogenesis.
基金This work was supported by grants from Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Foundation （06021369） and Guangdong Medical Research Funds （B2006043）.
文摘OBJECTIVE To investigate the in vitro lethal effect of photo- dynamic therapy （PDT） using the photosensitizer hematoporphyrin on the human pancreatic cancer cell line Panc-1, the major influencing factors and the mechanisms of treatment. METHODS Three factors--the time needed for photosensitizer and cell incubation, the photosensitizer concentration （PhoC） and the exposure dose （ExpD）--were examined with different levels of these factors. Optical density （OD） was used as a measure of CCK-8 in the experiment, and was converted to the rate of cell survival. The separate effect of each factor on the photodynamic action was studied, and the interactions were investigated. The effects of different incubation times and PhoC levels on the fluorescence intensity （FI） of the intracellular photosensitizer were determined, and the mechanisms of these factors leading to the therapeutic effects of PDT discussed. RESULTS An increase in the photosensitizer and cell incubation time, an increase of PhoC, and enhancement of the ExpD, produced a corresponding decrease in the rate of Panc-1 cell survival after PDT （P 〈 0.05）. PDT achieved its maximum lethal effects 16 h after starting the incubation, with a PhoC of 10 mg/L and an ExpD of 20 J/cm2; at these levels a synergistic interaction between PhoC and the ExpD occurred, decreasing the cell survival rate （P 〈 0.05）. Neither simple administration of photosensitizer without ExpD （0 J/cm2） or illumination in the absence of PhoC （0 mg/L） affected the rate of cell survival （P 〉 0.05）. With an increase of PhoC and lengthening of the incubation time, the FI of the intracellular photosensitizer accordingly increased （P 〈 0.05）, and attained its maximum value at a PhoC of 10 mg/L and 36 h after the incubation. With an increase of PhoC, the FI of the photosensitizer, hematoporphyrin, in the solution increased progressively at first and then decreased （fluorescence quenching）. CONCLUSION PDT with the photosensitizer hematoporphyrin has clear lethal effects on the human pancreatic cancer cell line Panc-1, but the presence of a photosensitizer and laser irradiation by themselves do not have independent lethal effects. The three influencing factors--the time for photosensitizer and cell incuba- tion, PhoC and ExpD--correlate positively with the PDT response, within certain limits. Beyond these limits, the PDT response does not significantly increase. The main mechanism of the PDT response lies in the effect of these factors on the level of the intracellular photosensitizer and the fluorescence quenching of the photosensitizer. A synergistic effect exists between PhoC and ExpD.
