Mangrove forests in southern Iran are of high ecological and economic importance.These forests are being threatened because of uncontrolled harvesting to provide fodder for livestock.The objective of this study is to ...Mangrove forests in southern Iran are of high ecological and economic importance.These forests are being threatened because of uncontrolled harvesting to provide fodder for livestock.The objective of this study is to provide recommendations for appropriate harvesting intensities by quantifying the effect of different harvesting intensities on vegetative and vigor characteristics of mangrove trees.This study was conducted using a randomized complete block design comprising four treatments(10.00%,20.00%,and 30.00% trimming,along with a control)replicated three times.Vegetative characteristics were measured before and after trimming(five-year period)and analyzed using generalized linear model statistical analysis.The growths of the average diameter of canopy,canopy area,canopy volume,canopy height,tree height,and collar diameter in the control treatment were all significantly higher than those in the trimming treatments.In addition,there was a decreasing trend in leaf fresh and dry mass,leaf area index,total area of canopy leaves,and health status of tree in the trimming treatments.For example,the percentage change in fresh and dry leaf mass in the control treatment was positive(29.87% and 38.31%,respectively),whereas the trimming treatments of 10.00%,20.00% and 30.00% had negative effects(-7.01% and -4.79%,-11.32% and -14.30%,and -15.84% and -17.29%,respectively).In addition,the changes in leaf area index in the control(4.95%)and 30.00% trimming(-24.57%)treatments were the highest and lowest,respectively.The percentage change in soil organic matter in the control,10.00%,20.00%,and 30.00% treatments were 22.94%,-9.90%,-16.91%,and -18.68%,respectively.The study demonstrated that gray mangrove trees were highly sensitive to canopy trimming,with even minimal trimming intensities negatively affecting vegetative growth and soil organic matter.Therefore,it is recommended that cutting and trimming of mangrove trees should be prevented even at low intensity to preserve mangrove ecosystem health and resilience against environmental stressors.展开更多
The mechanical balance process is the key process to eliminate the quadrature error and improve the performance of the cupped wave gyro. The conventional mechanical balance method for cupped wave gyro based on cup-wal...The mechanical balance process is the key process to eliminate the quadrature error and improve the performance of the cupped wave gyro. The conventional mechanical balance method for cupped wave gyro based on cup-wall trimming requires high control accuracy of trimming quantity, which increases the production cost and decreases the fabrication efficiency in large extent. However, it is hard to reach the high balance accuracy with the natural frequency split of mHz grade by using the conventional method. In this paper, the lumped mass dynamic model of the cupped wave gyro is built by discretization method, and the effects of different position trimming on the natural frequency are analyzed. It is pointed out that trimming off a tiny quantity of material from cup-wall causes large variation of the natural frequency is the main reason for the low accuracy of the conventional mechanical balance method. Then, a precision balance method for cupped wave gyro based on cup-bottom trimming is presented and the entire procedures of this method are given. The static balance process and dynamic balance process of the precision balance method are simulated by the finite element software. The simulation result shows that the precision balance method based on cup-bottom trimming brings less additional natural frequency split in the static balance process, minimizes the natural frequency split to mHz grade and rectify the angle of mode offset to 0.1° grade in the dynamic balance process, furthermore, the method decreases the requirement for control accuracy of trimming quantity evidently. The research work provides references for structure optimization design and balance process plan of the cupped wave gyro.展开更多
In this paper, we introduce a z-axis quartz gyroscope using a double-H tuning fork, which has a high sensitivity. However, it also causes a large mechanical quadrature error. The laser trimming method is used to suppr...In this paper, we introduce a z-axis quartz gyroscope using a double-H tuning fork, which has a high sensitivity. However, it also causes a large mechanical quadrature error. The laser trimming method is used to suppress this error at quartz level. The trimming law is obtained through the finite element method （FEM）. A femtosecond laser processing system is used to trim the gold balancing masses on the beams, and experimental results are basically consistent with the simulated ones. The mechanical quadrature error is suppressed by 96%, from 26.3° s-1 to 1.1° s-1. Nonlinearity changes from 1.48% to 0.30%, angular random walk （ARW） is reduced from 2.19° h-1/2 to 1.42° h-1/2, and bias instability is improved by a factor of 7.7, from 197.6° h-1 to 25.4° h-1.展开更多
Based on the elastic-plastic large deformation finite element formulation as well as the shell element combined discrete Kirchhoff theoretical plate element (DKT) with membrane square element, deep-drawing bending spr...Based on the elastic-plastic large deformation finite element formulation as well as the shell element combined discrete Kirchhoff theoretical plate element (DKT) with membrane square element, deep-drawing bending springback of typical U-pattern is studied. At the same time the springback values of the drawing of patterns' unloading and trimming about the satellite aerial reflecting surface are predicted and also compared with those of the practical punch. Above two springbacks all obtain satisfactory results, which provide a kind of effective quantitative pre-prediction of springback for the practical engineers.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic removal and trimming of self-expandable metallic stents(SEMS).METHODS:All SEMS had been placed for distal biliary strictures.Twenty-seven endoscopic procedures wer...AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic removal and trimming of self-expandable metallic stents(SEMS).METHODS:All SEMS had been placed for distal biliary strictures.Twenty-seven endoscopic procedures were performed in 19 patients in whom SEMS(one uncovered and 18 covered) removal had been attempted,and 8 patients in whom stent trimming using argon plasma coagulation(APC) had been attempted at Tokyo Medical University Hospital.The APC settings were:voltage 60-80 W and gas flow at 1.5 L/min.RESULTS:The mean stent indwelling period for all patients in whom stent removal had been attempted was 113.7 ± 77.6 d(range,8-280 d).Of the 19 patients in whom removal of the SEMS had been attempted,the procedure was successful in 14(73.7%) without procedure-related adverse events.The indwelling period in the stent removable group was shorter than that in the unremovable group(94.9 ± 71.5 d vs 166.2 ± 76.2 d,P = 0.08).Stent trimming was successful for all patients with one minor adverse event consisting of self-limited hemorrhage.Trimming time ranged from 11 to 16 min.CONCLUSION:Although further investigations on larger numbers of cases are necessary to accumulate evidence,the present data suggested that stent removal and stent trimming is feasible and effective for stent-related complications.展开更多
Beak trimming was a part of routine husbandry for poultry industry,which was the most efficient and economic way to reduce the incidence of cannibalism.However,the controversy about young chicken trimming still exits ...Beak trimming was a part of routine husbandry for poultry industry,which was the most efficient and economic way to reduce the incidence of cannibalism.However,the controversy about young chicken trimming still exits and it was drawing more concern recently along with the popular of animal behavior and welfare theory.To evaluate the influence of beak trimming on young chicken spleen development and find the key regulators of the spleen development,in this study,the electron microscope technique,flow cytometry and immunohistochemical techniques were used to investigate the effects of beak trimming stress on the spleen development.The result of electronic microscope showed that significant stress response could be found in chicken spleen cells after beak trimming.Cell volume became larger,chromatin of cell nuclear agglutinated conglobation,cytoplasm formed more vacuole,and mitochondria emerged vacuolization phenomenon in splenic lymphocyte after beak trimming.From the flow cytometry,the lymphocyte of spleen in the control group and experimental group were mainly in G1 phase,and the remaining small amount was in S and M phases.Of interest,the number of the lymphocyte which are in G1 phase within immune organ in the experimental group were more than that in the control group,but the number of cells in S and M phases were less than that in the control group.And beak trimming decreased the lymphocytes proliferation index of spleen.Inmmuohistochemical result showed that the beak trimming stress did not affect the expression sites of two apoptosis-related genes,Bcl-2 and Bax,in the spleen.But the expression level of Bcl-2 decreased while Bax increased in chicken immune organs after beak trimming.Furthermore,the beak trimming increased spleen cell apoptosis with a time-dependant style.Our findings may make a contribution to the active precaution of stress response.展开更多
In order to effectively remove the residual Ge atoms at the surface of channel and improve the interfacial characteristic of gate-all-around(GAA)Si nanosheet field effect transistors,a low-temperature atomic-level tri...In order to effectively remove the residual Ge atoms at the surface of channel and improve the interfacial characteristic of gate-all-around(GAA)Si nanosheet field effect transistors,a low-temperature atomic-level trimming approach using ammonia peroxide water mixture(APM)solution treatment followed by diluted hydrofluoric acid is proposed and carried out.The capacitor samples with SiGe epitaxy layer,similar thermal budget and channel release process were fabricated using advanced high-k/metal-gate.An 83%reduction in surface roughness at atomic level is obtained by increasing APM treatment time.Moreover,there are 99.45% reduction in the interface state density(D_(it))and 96.8%leakage reduction in current density(J_(g))after APM treatment,indicating a promising method for future GAA NSFET performance optimization.展开更多
Alzheimer's disease is characterized by deposition of amyloid-β,which forms extracellular neuritic plaques,and accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau,which aggregates to form intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangle...Alzheimer's disease is characterized by deposition of amyloid-β,which forms extracellular neuritic plaques,and accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau,which aggregates to form intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles,in the brain.The NLRP3 inflammasome may play a role in the transition from amyloid-βdeposition to tau phosphorylation and aggregation.Because NLRP3 is primarily found in brain microglia,and tau is predominantly located in neurons,it has been suggested that NLRP3 expressed by microglia indirectly triggers tau phosphorylation by upregulating the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines.Here,we found that neurons also express NLRP3 in vitro and in vivo,and that neuronal NLRP3 regulates tau phosphorylation.Using biochemical methods,we mapped the minimal NLRP3 promoter and identified FUBP3 as a transcription factor regulating NLRP3 expression in neurons.In primary neurons and the neuroblastoma cell line Neuro2A,FUBP3 is required for endogenous NLRP3 expression and tau phosphorylation only when amyloid-βis present.In the brains of aged wild-type mice and a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease,FUBP3 expression was markedly increased in cortical neurons.Transcriptome analysis suggested that FUBP3 plays a role in neuron-mediated immune responses.We also found that FUBP3 trimmed the 5′end of DNA fragments that it bound,implying that FUBP3 functions in stress-induced responses.These findings suggest that neuronal NLRP3 may be more directly involved in the amyloid-β-to–phospho-tau transition than microglial NLRP3,and that amyloid-βfundamentally alters the regulatory mechanism of NLRP3 expression in neurons.Given that FUBP3 was only expressed at low levels in young wild-type mice and was strongly upregulated in the brains of aged mice and Alzheimer's disease mice,FUBP3 could be a safe therapeutic target for preventing Alzheimer's disease progression.展开更多
目的:探讨三结构域蛋白家族24(tripartite motif-containing protein 24,TRIM24)、c-myc及ARF蛋白在食管鳞状细胞癌组织中的表达及其意义。方法:选取2018年01月至2022年12月期间承德市中心医院接受手术治疗的102例食管鳞癌患者临床病理...目的:探讨三结构域蛋白家族24(tripartite motif-containing protein 24,TRIM24)、c-myc及ARF蛋白在食管鳞状细胞癌组织中的表达及其意义。方法:选取2018年01月至2022年12月期间承德市中心医院接受手术治疗的102例食管鳞癌患者临床病理资料作为研究对象(实验组),同时选取癌旁正常食管黏膜组织54例(对照组),采用免疫组化(Envision法)对TRIM24、c-myc及ARF蛋白进行检测,观察三者在鳞癌组织及癌旁正常食管黏膜组织中的表达情况,并分析三者的表达与临床病理特征的关系,同时研究三者于食管鳞癌组织内表达的相关性。结果:TRIM24、c-myc及ARF在鳞癌组织及癌旁正常食管黏膜组织中阳性表达率分别为72.62%vs 7.45%、74.36%vs 13.85%、26.56%vs 83.18%,三种蛋白在鳞癌组织及正常食管黏膜组织中的表达差异具有统计学意义(P均<0.05);经分析,食管鳞癌组织中的TRIM24、c-myc及ARF蛋白表达与癌的分化程度、淋巴结转移、临床分期具有显著相关性(P均<0.05);经Spearman相关性分析,食管鳞癌组织中TRIM24与c-myc蛋白表达呈正相关(r=0.587,P<0.05),TRIM24与ARF蛋白表达呈负相关(r=-0.601,P<0.05),c-myc与ARF蛋白表达呈负相关(r=-0.465,P<0.05)。结论:TRIM24、c-myc、ARF的异常表达可能对食管鳞状细胞癌的发生及发展有一定关系。因此,c-myc、TRIM24和ARF可能作为新的潜在治疗靶点,为食管鳞癌患者的个体化治疗提供新的方向。展开更多
A low temperature drift curvature-compensated complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) bandgap ref-erence is proposed.A dual-differential-pair amplifier was employed to add compensation with a high-order term of...A low temperature drift curvature-compensated complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) bandgap ref-erence is proposed.A dual-differential-pair amplifier was employed to add compensation with a high-order term of TlnT (T is the thermodynamic temperature) to the traditional 1st-order compensated bandgap.To reduce the offset of the amplifier and noise of the bandgap reference,input differential metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) of large size were used in the amplifier and to keep a low quiescent current,these MOSFETs all work in weak inversion.The voltage reference's temperature curvature has been further corrected by trimming a switched resistor network.The circuit delivers an output voltage of 3 V with a low dropout regulator (LDO).The chip was fabricated in Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC)'s 0.35-μm CMOS process,and the temperature coefficient (TC) was measured to be only 2.1×10 6/°C over the temperature range of 40-125 °C after trimming.The power supply rejection (PSR) was 100 dB @ DC and the noise was 42 μV (rms) from 0.1 to 10 Hz.展开更多
In this research,the effects of heat treatment together with xylose and cysteine addition on the amino acid changes and volatile compound generation in non-enzymatic pork trimmings extract(NPE)or enzymatic pork trimmi...In this research,the effects of heat treatment together with xylose and cysteine addition on the amino acid changes and volatile compound generation in non-enzymatic pork trimmings extract(NPE)or enzymatic pork trimmings hydrolysate(EPH)were studied.Enzymatic hydrolysis significantly increased the total amino acid content and provided necessary precursors for the thermal reactions.The addition of xylose assisted the browning process while the cysteine addition partially inhibited the formation of brown colour in both NPE and EPH.The addition of both cysteine and xylose significantly increased the formation of sulfur-containing volatile flavour compounds in EPH samples,but not in NPE samples.The characteristic“roasted meat”like aromatic volatile compounds,in particular,2-furfurylthiol,were only detected in EPH samples at 8.13 ng/mL,when both xylose(35 mg/mL)and cysteine(10 mg/mL)were added.展开更多
We demonstrate a novel high-accuracy post-fabrication trimming technique to fine-tune the phase of integrated Mach–Zehnder interferometers, enabling permanent correction of typical fabrication-based phase errors. The...We demonstrate a novel high-accuracy post-fabrication trimming technique to fine-tune the phase of integrated Mach–Zehnder interferometers, enabling permanent correction of typical fabrication-based phase errors. The effective index change of the optical mode is 0.19 in our measurement, which is approximately an order of magnitude improvement compared to previous work with similar excess optical loss. Our measurement results suggest that a phase accuracy of 0.078 rad was achievable with active feedback control.展开更多
特发性肺纤维化(IPF)是一种进行性且最终致命的纤维化肺病,可以导致进行性的肺功能下降,其发展被认为与遗传、环境、免疫、炎症、自噬、衰老等因素有关。TRIM蛋白是一个高度保守的E3泛素连接酶家族,参与多个过程:包括细胞内信号传导、...特发性肺纤维化(IPF)是一种进行性且最终致命的纤维化肺病,可以导致进行性的肺功能下降,其发展被认为与遗传、环境、免疫、炎症、自噬、衰老等因素有关。TRIM蛋白是一个高度保守的E3泛素连接酶家族,参与多个过程:包括细胞内信号传导、发育、细胞凋亡、蛋白质质量控制、先天免疫、自噬和致癌作用,近年来,有关TRIM蛋白在疾病中的研究越来越多,研究表明它们可以参与细胞内信号传导、发育、细胞凋亡、蛋白质质量控制、先天免疫、自噬和致癌等多个过程,它们的失调会导致癌症、免疫疾病或发育障碍等疾病,参考肺纤维化所涉及的发生发展机制,TRIM蛋白在各器官纤维化中的研究也逐渐展开,本文将主要论述TRIM蛋白在肺纤维化中的研究进展。Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and ultimately fatal fibrotic lung disease that can lead to progressive decline in lung function, and its development is thought to be related to genetic, environmental, immune, inflammatory, autophagy, aging and other factors. TRIM proteins are a highly conserved family of E3 ubiquitin ligases involved in several processes: It includes intracellular signaling, development, apoptosis, protein quality control, innate immunity, autophagy and carcinogenesis. In recent years, more and more studies on TRIM proteins in diseases have shown that they can participate in many processes such as intracellular signaling, development, apoptosis, protein quality control, innate immunity, autophagy and carcinogenesis. Their disorders can lead to cancer, immune diseases or developmental disorders and other diseases, referring to the occurrence and development mechanism involved in pulmonary fibrosis, the study of TRIM protein in various organ fibrosis is also gradually launched, this paper will mainly discuss the research progress of TRIM protein in pulmonary fibrosis.展开更多
This work presented a trimming technique and algorithm applied in a capacitive successive approximation register（SAR） analog to digital converter（ADC） for a sensor interface, which can be integrated with the prece...This work presented a trimming technique and algorithm applied in a capacitive successive approximation register（SAR） analog to digital converter（ADC） for a sensor interface, which can be integrated with the preceding sensor and the following controlling circuit. Without spending a special calibration phase or adding complicated functions, this circuit keeps a 12-bit resolution by trimming the capacitor array. Its merits of low power and small area make it suitable to be embedded in a power and cost sensitive system such as a battery-supplied sensor network node. The prototype 12-bit ADC is implemented by 0.5 m 2P3M CMOS technology, with the wide supply range of 2–5 V, its power consumption is only 300 A at a sampling speed of 200 kHz.展开更多
Photosensitivity behavior of H2-loaded silica fiber was modeled by rate equations for activated particles. The theoretical deductions give a close explanation to experimental phenomena on post-exposure growth in fiber...Photosensitivity behavior of H2-loaded silica fiber was modeled by rate equations for activated particles. The theoretical deductions give a close explanation to experimental phenomena on post-exposure growth in fiber gratings.展开更多
文摘Mangrove forests in southern Iran are of high ecological and economic importance.These forests are being threatened because of uncontrolled harvesting to provide fodder for livestock.The objective of this study is to provide recommendations for appropriate harvesting intensities by quantifying the effect of different harvesting intensities on vegetative and vigor characteristics of mangrove trees.This study was conducted using a randomized complete block design comprising four treatments(10.00%,20.00%,and 30.00% trimming,along with a control)replicated three times.Vegetative characteristics were measured before and after trimming(five-year period)and analyzed using generalized linear model statistical analysis.The growths of the average diameter of canopy,canopy area,canopy volume,canopy height,tree height,and collar diameter in the control treatment were all significantly higher than those in the trimming treatments.In addition,there was a decreasing trend in leaf fresh and dry mass,leaf area index,total area of canopy leaves,and health status of tree in the trimming treatments.For example,the percentage change in fresh and dry leaf mass in the control treatment was positive(29.87% and 38.31%,respectively),whereas the trimming treatments of 10.00%,20.00% and 30.00% had negative effects(-7.01% and -4.79%,-11.32% and -14.30%,and -15.84% and -17.29%,respectively).In addition,the changes in leaf area index in the control(4.95%)and 30.00% trimming(-24.57%)treatments were the highest and lowest,respectively.The percentage change in soil organic matter in the control,10.00%,20.00%,and 30.00% treatments were 22.94%,-9.90%,-16.91%,and -18.68%,respectively.The study demonstrated that gray mangrove trees were highly sensitive to canopy trimming,with even minimal trimming intensities negatively affecting vegetative growth and soil organic matter.Therefore,it is recommended that cutting and trimming of mangrove trees should be prevented even at low intensity to preserve mangrove ecosystem health and resilience against environmental stressors.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51005239)
文摘The mechanical balance process is the key process to eliminate the quadrature error and improve the performance of the cupped wave gyro. The conventional mechanical balance method for cupped wave gyro based on cup-wall trimming requires high control accuracy of trimming quantity, which increases the production cost and decreases the fabrication efficiency in large extent. However, it is hard to reach the high balance accuracy with the natural frequency split of mHz grade by using the conventional method. In this paper, the lumped mass dynamic model of the cupped wave gyro is built by discretization method, and the effects of different position trimming on the natural frequency are analyzed. It is pointed out that trimming off a tiny quantity of material from cup-wall causes large variation of the natural frequency is the main reason for the low accuracy of the conventional mechanical balance method. Then, a precision balance method for cupped wave gyro based on cup-bottom trimming is presented and the entire procedures of this method are given. The static balance process and dynamic balance process of the precision balance method are simulated by the finite element software. The simulation result shows that the precision balance method based on cup-bottom trimming brings less additional natural frequency split in the static balance process, minimizes the natural frequency split to mHz grade and rectify the angle of mode offset to 0.1° grade in the dynamic balance process, furthermore, the method decreases the requirement for control accuracy of trimming quantity evidently. The research work provides references for structure optimization design and balance process plan of the cupped wave gyro.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61027007)
文摘In this paper, we introduce a z-axis quartz gyroscope using a double-H tuning fork, which has a high sensitivity. However, it also causes a large mechanical quadrature error. The laser trimming method is used to suppress this error at quartz level. The trimming law is obtained through the finite element method （FEM）. A femtosecond laser processing system is used to trim the gold balancing masses on the beams, and experimental results are basically consistent with the simulated ones. The mechanical quadrature error is suppressed by 96%, from 26.3° s-1 to 1.1° s-1. Nonlinearity changes from 1.48% to 0.30%, angular random walk （ARW） is reduced from 2.19° h-1/2 to 1.42° h-1/2, and bias instability is improved by a factor of 7.7, from 197.6° h-1 to 25.4° h-1.
基金This project is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.19832020)Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Jilin (No.20000519)
文摘Based on the elastic-plastic large deformation finite element formulation as well as the shell element combined discrete Kirchhoff theoretical plate element (DKT) with membrane square element, deep-drawing bending springback of typical U-pattern is studied. At the same time the springback values of the drawing of patterns' unloading and trimming about the satellite aerial reflecting surface are predicted and also compared with those of the practical punch. Above two springbacks all obtain satisfactory results, which provide a kind of effective quantitative pre-prediction of springback for the practical engineers.
文摘AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic removal and trimming of self-expandable metallic stents(SEMS).METHODS:All SEMS had been placed for distal biliary strictures.Twenty-seven endoscopic procedures were performed in 19 patients in whom SEMS(one uncovered and 18 covered) removal had been attempted,and 8 patients in whom stent trimming using argon plasma coagulation(APC) had been attempted at Tokyo Medical University Hospital.The APC settings were:voltage 60-80 W and gas flow at 1.5 L/min.RESULTS:The mean stent indwelling period for all patients in whom stent removal had been attempted was 113.7 ± 77.6 d(range,8-280 d).Of the 19 patients in whom removal of the SEMS had been attempted,the procedure was successful in 14(73.7%) without procedure-related adverse events.The indwelling period in the stent removable group was shorter than that in the unremovable group(94.9 ± 71.5 d vs 166.2 ± 76.2 d,P = 0.08).Stent trimming was successful for all patients with one minor adverse event consisting of self-limited hemorrhage.Trimming time ranged from 11 to 16 min.CONCLUSION:Although further investigations on larger numbers of cases are necessary to accumulate evidence,the present data suggested that stent removal and stent trimming is feasible and effective for stent-related complications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31072023)the National Agricultural Science and Technology Achievements Transformation Foundation of China(2009GB2D000218)as well as the Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-Industry Technology Research System,China(CARS-41-K04)
文摘Beak trimming was a part of routine husbandry for poultry industry,which was the most efficient and economic way to reduce the incidence of cannibalism.However,the controversy about young chicken trimming still exits and it was drawing more concern recently along with the popular of animal behavior and welfare theory.To evaluate the influence of beak trimming on young chicken spleen development and find the key regulators of the spleen development,in this study,the electron microscope technique,flow cytometry and immunohistochemical techniques were used to investigate the effects of beak trimming stress on the spleen development.The result of electronic microscope showed that significant stress response could be found in chicken spleen cells after beak trimming.Cell volume became larger,chromatin of cell nuclear agglutinated conglobation,cytoplasm formed more vacuole,and mitochondria emerged vacuolization phenomenon in splenic lymphocyte after beak trimming.From the flow cytometry,the lymphocyte of spleen in the control group and experimental group were mainly in G1 phase,and the remaining small amount was in S and M phases.Of interest,the number of the lymphocyte which are in G1 phase within immune organ in the experimental group were more than that in the control group,but the number of cells in S and M phases were less than that in the control group.And beak trimming decreased the lymphocytes proliferation index of spleen.Inmmuohistochemical result showed that the beak trimming stress did not affect the expression sites of two apoptosis-related genes,Bcl-2 and Bax,in the spleen.But the expression level of Bcl-2 decreased while Bax increased in chicken immune organs after beak trimming.Furthermore,the beak trimming increased spleen cell apoptosis with a time-dependant style.Our findings may make a contribution to the active precaution of stress response.
基金financially supported by the Strategic Pilot Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences-Class A(No.XDA0330302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62374183 and 62304247)the 2021 Jilin Province Science and Technology Department Key R&D Projects(No.20210201031GX)。
文摘In order to effectively remove the residual Ge atoms at the surface of channel and improve the interfacial characteristic of gate-all-around(GAA)Si nanosheet field effect transistors,a low-temperature atomic-level trimming approach using ammonia peroxide water mixture(APM)solution treatment followed by diluted hydrofluoric acid is proposed and carried out.The capacitor samples with SiGe epitaxy layer,similar thermal budget and channel release process were fabricated using advanced high-k/metal-gate.An 83%reduction in surface roughness at atomic level is obtained by increasing APM treatment time.Moreover,there are 99.45% reduction in the interface state density(D_(it))and 96.8%leakage reduction in current density(J_(g))after APM treatment,indicating a promising method for future GAA NSFET performance optimization.
基金supported by a grant from Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province,Institute of Aging,Wenzhou Medical University,No.ZJAD-2021002(to ZW)。
文摘Alzheimer's disease is characterized by deposition of amyloid-β,which forms extracellular neuritic plaques,and accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau,which aggregates to form intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles,in the brain.The NLRP3 inflammasome may play a role in the transition from amyloid-βdeposition to tau phosphorylation and aggregation.Because NLRP3 is primarily found in brain microglia,and tau is predominantly located in neurons,it has been suggested that NLRP3 expressed by microglia indirectly triggers tau phosphorylation by upregulating the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines.Here,we found that neurons also express NLRP3 in vitro and in vivo,and that neuronal NLRP3 regulates tau phosphorylation.Using biochemical methods,we mapped the minimal NLRP3 promoter and identified FUBP3 as a transcription factor regulating NLRP3 expression in neurons.In primary neurons and the neuroblastoma cell line Neuro2A,FUBP3 is required for endogenous NLRP3 expression and tau phosphorylation only when amyloid-βis present.In the brains of aged wild-type mice and a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease,FUBP3 expression was markedly increased in cortical neurons.Transcriptome analysis suggested that FUBP3 plays a role in neuron-mediated immune responses.We also found that FUBP3 trimmed the 5′end of DNA fragments that it bound,implying that FUBP3 functions in stress-induced responses.These findings suggest that neuronal NLRP3 may be more directly involved in the amyloid-β-to–phospho-tau transition than microglial NLRP3,and that amyloid-βfundamentally alters the regulatory mechanism of NLRP3 expression in neurons.Given that FUBP3 was only expressed at low levels in young wild-type mice and was strongly upregulated in the brains of aged mice and Alzheimer's disease mice,FUBP3 could be a safe therapeutic target for preventing Alzheimer's disease progression.
基金Project (No.2008ZX01020-001) supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project,China
文摘A low temperature drift curvature-compensated complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) bandgap ref-erence is proposed.A dual-differential-pair amplifier was employed to add compensation with a high-order term of TlnT (T is the thermodynamic temperature) to the traditional 1st-order compensated bandgap.To reduce the offset of the amplifier and noise of the bandgap reference,input differential metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) of large size were used in the amplifier and to keep a low quiescent current,these MOSFETs all work in weak inversion.The voltage reference's temperature curvature has been further corrected by trimming a switched resistor network.The circuit delivers an output voltage of 3 V with a low dropout regulator (LDO).The chip was fabricated in Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC)'s 0.35-μm CMOS process,and the temperature coefficient (TC) was measured to be only 2.1×10 6/°C over the temperature range of 40-125 °C after trimming.The power supply rejection (PSR) was 100 dB @ DC and the noise was 42 μV (rms) from 0.1 to 10 Hz.
基金We thank Kay Lee Pte Ltd Singapore for providing raw pork samples.
文摘In this research,the effects of heat treatment together with xylose and cysteine addition on the amino acid changes and volatile compound generation in non-enzymatic pork trimmings extract(NPE)or enzymatic pork trimmings hydrolysate(EPH)were studied.Enzymatic hydrolysis significantly increased the total amino acid content and provided necessary precursors for the thermal reactions.The addition of xylose assisted the browning process while the cysteine addition partially inhibited the formation of brown colour in both NPE and EPH.The addition of both cysteine and xylose significantly increased the formation of sulfur-containing volatile flavour compounds in EPH samples,but not in NPE samples.The characteristic“roasted meat”like aromatic volatile compounds,in particular,2-furfurylthiol,were only detected in EPH samples at 8.13 ng/mL,when both xylose(35 mg/mL)and cysteine(10 mg/mL)were added.
基金Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EPSRC)(EP/L00044X/1,EP/M022757/1)Wolfson FoundationRoyal Society
文摘We demonstrate a novel high-accuracy post-fabrication trimming technique to fine-tune the phase of integrated Mach–Zehnder interferometers, enabling permanent correction of typical fabrication-based phase errors. The effective index change of the optical mode is 0.19 in our measurement, which is approximately an order of magnitude improvement compared to previous work with similar excess optical loss. Our measurement results suggest that a phase accuracy of 0.078 rad was achievable with active feedback control.
文摘特发性肺纤维化(IPF)是一种进行性且最终致命的纤维化肺病,可以导致进行性的肺功能下降,其发展被认为与遗传、环境、免疫、炎症、自噬、衰老等因素有关。TRIM蛋白是一个高度保守的E3泛素连接酶家族,参与多个过程:包括细胞内信号传导、发育、细胞凋亡、蛋白质质量控制、先天免疫、自噬和致癌作用,近年来,有关TRIM蛋白在疾病中的研究越来越多,研究表明它们可以参与细胞内信号传导、发育、细胞凋亡、蛋白质质量控制、先天免疫、自噬和致癌等多个过程,它们的失调会导致癌症、免疫疾病或发育障碍等疾病,参考肺纤维化所涉及的发生发展机制,TRIM蛋白在各器官纤维化中的研究也逐渐展开,本文将主要论述TRIM蛋白在肺纤维化中的研究进展。Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and ultimately fatal fibrotic lung disease that can lead to progressive decline in lung function, and its development is thought to be related to genetic, environmental, immune, inflammatory, autophagy, aging and other factors. TRIM proteins are a highly conserved family of E3 ubiquitin ligases involved in several processes: It includes intracellular signaling, development, apoptosis, protein quality control, innate immunity, autophagy and carcinogenesis. In recent years, more and more studies on TRIM proteins in diseases have shown that they can participate in many processes such as intracellular signaling, development, apoptosis, protein quality control, innate immunity, autophagy and carcinogenesis. Their disorders can lead to cancer, immune diseases or developmental disorders and other diseases, referring to the occurrence and development mechanism involved in pulmonary fibrosis, the study of TRIM protein in various organ fibrosis is also gradually launched, this paper will mainly discuss the research progress of TRIM protein in pulmonary fibrosis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61204034)
文摘This work presented a trimming technique and algorithm applied in a capacitive successive approximation register（SAR） analog to digital converter（ADC） for a sensor interface, which can be integrated with the preceding sensor and the following controlling circuit. Without spending a special calibration phase or adding complicated functions, this circuit keeps a 12-bit resolution by trimming the capacitor array. Its merits of low power and small area make it suitable to be embedded in a power and cost sensitive system such as a battery-supplied sensor network node. The prototype 12-bit ADC is implemented by 0.5 m 2P3M CMOS technology, with the wide supply range of 2–5 V, its power consumption is only 300 A at a sampling speed of 200 kHz.
文摘Photosensitivity behavior of H2-loaded silica fiber was modeled by rate equations for activated particles. The theoretical deductions give a close explanation to experimental phenomena on post-exposure growth in fiber gratings.
