This paper measures the Chinese regional income distribution gap based on the Theil index with data of 31 provinces in China from 1998 to 2011. The results showed that overall the income gap between China's rural ...This paper measures the Chinese regional income distribution gap based on the Theil index with data of 31 provinces in China from 1998 to 2011. The results showed that overall the income gap between China's rural areas was on the rise from 1998 to 2006,and the income gap was mainly caused by the gap between the East China,Central China and West China. After 2006,it showed a slow decline. The dynamic panel data model established for consumer demand,spending habits,income,regional income disparities showed that income and regional income disparities significantly influence consumer demand of rural residents. Before 2006 regional income gap inhibited the consumption of rural residents,but it promoted consumption after 2006.展开更多
Objective To assess health equity in the Yangtze River region to improve understanding of the correlation between hand,foot,and mouth disease(HFMD)and socioeconomic factors.Methods From 2014–2016,data on HFMD inciden...Objective To assess health equity in the Yangtze River region to improve understanding of the correlation between hand,foot,and mouth disease(HFMD)and socioeconomic factors.Methods From 2014–2016,data on HFMD incidence,population statistics,economic indicators,and meteorology from 26 cities along the Yangtze River were analyzed.A multi-city random-effects meta-analysis was performed to study the relationship between temperature and HFMD transmission,and health equity was assessed with respect to socio-economic impact.Results Over the study period,919,458 HFMD cases were reported,with Shanghai(162,303)having the highest incidence and Tongling(5,513)having the lowest.Males were more commonly affected(male-to-female ratio,1.49:1).The exposure-response relationship had an M-shaped curve,with two HFMD peaks occurring at 4°C and 26°C.The relative risk had two peaks at 1.30°C(1.834,95%CI:1.204–2.794)and 31.4°C(1.143,95%CI:0.901–1.451),forming an M shape,with the first peak higher than the second.The most significant impact of temperature on HFMD was observed between–2°C and 18.1°C.The concentration index(0.2463)indicated moderate concentration differences,whereas the Theil index(0.0418)showed low inequality in distribution.Conclusion The incidence of HFMD varied across cities,particularly with changes in temperature.Economically prosperous areas showed higher risks,indicating disparities.Targeted interventions in these areas are crucial for mitigating the risk of HFMD.展开更多
基金Humanities and Social Science Fund Project of the Ministry of Education(13YJA790069)Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(2013RW004)
文摘This paper measures the Chinese regional income distribution gap based on the Theil index with data of 31 provinces in China from 1998 to 2011. The results showed that overall the income gap between China's rural areas was on the rise from 1998 to 2006,and the income gap was mainly caused by the gap between the East China,Central China and West China. After 2006,it showed a slow decline. The dynamic panel data model established for consumer demand,spending habits,income,regional income disparities showed that income and regional income disparities significantly influence consumer demand of rural residents. Before 2006 regional income gap inhibited the consumption of rural residents,but it promoted consumption after 2006.
基金The funding of this study was of the 2021 Shandong Province Higher Education“Young Innovative Talent Introduction and Training Program”(Public Health Safety Risk Assessment and Response Innovation Team)the annual education and teaching reform and research project at the school level of Shandong Second Medical University(No.2023YBD006)+1 种基金the Public Health Standards Research and Development Project of the National Disease Control and Prevention Bureau(No.233007)the Public Health Standards Revision and Supervision Support Project of the National Disease Control and Prevention Bureau (No.242401).
文摘Objective To assess health equity in the Yangtze River region to improve understanding of the correlation between hand,foot,and mouth disease(HFMD)and socioeconomic factors.Methods From 2014–2016,data on HFMD incidence,population statistics,economic indicators,and meteorology from 26 cities along the Yangtze River were analyzed.A multi-city random-effects meta-analysis was performed to study the relationship between temperature and HFMD transmission,and health equity was assessed with respect to socio-economic impact.Results Over the study period,919,458 HFMD cases were reported,with Shanghai(162,303)having the highest incidence and Tongling(5,513)having the lowest.Males were more commonly affected(male-to-female ratio,1.49:1).The exposure-response relationship had an M-shaped curve,with two HFMD peaks occurring at 4°C and 26°C.The relative risk had two peaks at 1.30°C(1.834,95%CI:1.204–2.794)and 31.4°C(1.143,95%CI:0.901–1.451),forming an M shape,with the first peak higher than the second.The most significant impact of temperature on HFMD was observed between–2°C and 18.1°C.The concentration index(0.2463)indicated moderate concentration differences,whereas the Theil index(0.0418)showed low inequality in distribution.Conclusion The incidence of HFMD varied across cities,particularly with changes in temperature.Economically prosperous areas showed higher risks,indicating disparities.Targeted interventions in these areas are crucial for mitigating the risk of HFMD.
