The vibrational and electrical transport properties of natural siderite are systematically investigated by means of in-situ Raman spectroscopy and alternating current impedance spectroscopy under conditions of 0.6-55....The vibrational and electrical transport properties of natural siderite are systematically investigated by means of in-situ Raman spectroscopy and alternating current impedance spectroscopy under conditions of 0.6-55.6 GPa,298-873 K and different hydrostatic environments using a diamond anvil cell(DAC).Upon non-hydrostatic compression,all of these observable characteristic variations of siderite including the appearance of three absolutely new Raman peaks(L’,v4'and v1'),the disappearance of Raman peaks(T,L and v4)and the discontinuity in the pressure-dependent electrical conductivity can provide robust evidence of electronic spin transitions of Fe^(2+)from high-spin to mixed-spin to low-spin states at the respective pressures of 42.5 GPa and 48.5 GPa.As far as hydrostatic condition,the electronic spin states from high-spin to mixed-spin to low-spin states occurred at the higher pressures of 45.7 GPa and 50.4 GPa,respectively,which implied the highly sensitive hydrostaticity of electronic spin transition pressures.Upon decompression,the reverse electronic spin transitions from low-spin to mixed-spin to high-spin states were detected at the respective pressures of 47.2 GPa and 28.7 GPa under non-hydrostatic condition,and as well as at the pressures of 49.4 GPa and 25.1 GPa under hydrostatic condition,respectively.The huge pressure hysteresis of 13.8 GPa and 20.6 GPa for the electronic spin state transition was revealed under non-hydrostatic and hydrostatic environments,respectively.In order to explore the effect of temperature on the electronic spin transition,a series of electrical conductivity experiments on siderite were performed over the temperature range of 323-873 K under conditions of three typical pressures of 47.7,49.8 and 51.6 GPa.Furthermore,the functional relationships between the temperature and pressure describing the high-spin to mixed-spin to low-spin transitions for siderite were successfully established:P1(GPa)=39.318+0.015 T(K)and P2(GPa)=41.277+0.018 T(K),respectively.In conclusion,our acquired phase diagram of the electronic spin transition on siderite is beneficial to deep insight into the electronic spin behavior for those of iron-bearing carbonate minerals under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions.展开更多
Introduction and Background: Registered nurses’ transit to the clinical placement areas after completing a three-year Bachelor of Nursing training. They should be supported by nurse leaders and nurse educators;to gai...Introduction and Background: Registered nurses’ transit to the clinical placement areas after completing a three-year Bachelor of Nursing training. They should be supported by nurse leaders and nurse educators;to gain confidence and the ability to perform critical care nursing, deal with high patient numbers, the ability to work independently and manage relationships with providers, families and the interprofessional team. Methods: A qualitative research design was employed to explore two important aspects of nursing professionalism. Firstly, the sentiments of senior registered nurses about professional mentorship of newly graduated nurses NGNs. Secondly the strategies employed by senior nurses to assist the transition of NGNs to professional nursing. Two nurse unit managers (NUM) participated as key informants. Results: Two themes will be discussed from the pilot study: Responsibilities and challenges faced by senior nurses while they supervise (NGNs) in their wards. Senior nurses’ workload and responsibilities fully occupy them during the days’ work, leaving very little time to spend supervising the NGNs. The challenges faced by senior nurses are those of restricted time, no proper resources, and mentoring manuals to guide the senior nurses. Discussion: The results of the pilot study present the challenges of senior nurses in supervising and training NGNs during transition, as they must complete the administrative tasks, finalizing rosters, and have direct patient contact. They usually face challenges while supervising the NGNs, sometimes leaving them to work on their own where the NGN is prone to make mistakes during patient care. Conclusion: Support and supervision are key to a successful transition, but senior nurses face difficulties, and challenges in many forms, there are no mentors available for the NGNs in any ward at the CWM Hospital while they train and supervise them during transitions. SNs take up a lot of responsibilities and provide support and supervision to NGNs. Some NGNs have undesirable attitudes that hinder the learning and teaching process. They also acknowledge that NGNs also need to play their role in learning to adapt to the new clinical environment with various challenges they face themselves.展开更多
BACKGROUND Regulator of G protein signaling(RGS)proteins participate in tumor formation and metastasis by acting on theα-subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins.The speci-fic effect of RGS,particularly RGS4,on the progr...BACKGROUND Regulator of G protein signaling(RGS)proteins participate in tumor formation and metastasis by acting on theα-subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins.The speci-fic effect of RGS,particularly RGS4,on the progression of gastric cancer(GC)is not yet clear.AIM To explore the role and underlying mechanisms of action of RGS4 in GC develop-ment.METHODS The prognostic significance of RGS4 in GC was analyzed using bioinformatics based public databases and verified by immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction in 90 patients with GC.Function assays were employed to assess the carcinogenic impact of RGS4,and the mechanism of its possible influence was detected by western blot analysis.A nude mouse xenograft model was established to study the effects of RGS4 on GC growth in vitro.RESULTS RGS4 was highly expressed in GC tissues compared with matched adjacent normal tissues.Elevated RGS4 expression was correlated with increased tumor-node-metastasis stage,increased tumor grade as well as poorer overall survival in patients with GC.Cell experiments demonstrated that RGS4 knockdown suppressed GC cell proliferation,migration and invasion.Similarly,xenograft experiments confirmed that RGS4 silencing significantly inhibited tumor growth.Moreover,RGS4 knockdown resulted in reduced phosphorylation levels of focal adhesion kinase,phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase,and protein kinase B,decreased vimentin and N-cadherin,and elevated E-cadherin.CONCLUSION High RGS4 expression in GC indicates a worse prognosis and RGS4 is a prognostic marker.RGS4 influences tumor progression via the focal adhesion kinase/phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.展开更多
Background: Since it was theorised by Abdel Omran in 1971, the epidemiological transition has been well documented in Latin America, Asia and even increasingly in Africa south of the Sahara. According to this theory, ...Background: Since it was theorised by Abdel Omran in 1971, the epidemiological transition has been well documented in Latin America, Asia and even increasingly in Africa south of the Sahara. According to this theory, sub-Saharan Africa is in the first phase of development corresponding to the “age of plague and famine”. Given the health statistics currently available, more and more low- and middle-income countries, including those in sub-Saharan Africa, are experiencing an increase in mortality and the economic impact associated with non-communicable diseases. Côte d’Ivoire is one of the countries in sub-Saharan Africa where non-communicable diseases are currently on the rise. Despite the significant changes observed over the last decades, few studies have been carried out on the epidemiological transition in Côte d’Ivoire. It therefore seemed necessary to examine the changes in patterns of disease occurrence and causes of death in Côte d’Ivoire. Objectives: This work aimed to determine the reality of the epidemiological transition in Côte d’Ivoire and characterize its facies from 1990 to 2020. Methods: A literature review was carried out using PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, Google, institutional websites (WHO, World Bank), university library websites and institutional reports from Côte d’Ivoire. The indicators sought were mortality, morbidity, life expectancy and fertility. Results: Mortality fell overall from 13.88‰ to 9.70‰, with variations linked to cyclical situations. Life expectancy rose by 52.6 to 59.03 years, although it is still below 60. Fertility has fallen from 6.3 to 4.5 children. There is a general downward trend in morbidity due to communicable diseases between 2009 and 2019, followed by an increase in non-communicable diseases. Conclusion: Côte d’Ivoire is undergoing an original and complex epidemiological transition that needs to be taken into account in health policies and strategies.展开更多
A bearing fault diagnosis method based on the Markov transitionfield(MTF)and SEnet(SE)-IShufflenetV2 model is proposed in this paper due to the problems of complex working conditions,low fault diagnosis accuracy,and poo...A bearing fault diagnosis method based on the Markov transitionfield(MTF)and SEnet(SE)-IShufflenetV2 model is proposed in this paper due to the problems of complex working conditions,low fault diagnosis accuracy,and poor generalization of rolling bearing.Firstly,MTF is used to encode one-dimensional time series vibration sig-nals and convert them into time-dependent and unique two-dimensional feature images.Then,the generated two-dimensional dataset is fed into the SE-IShufflenetV2 model for training to achieve fault feature extraction and classification.This paper selects the bearing fault datasets from Case Western Reserve University and Paderborn University to experimentally verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.The generalization performance of the proposed method is tested under the variable load condition and different signal-to-noise ratios(SNRs).The experimental results show that the average accuracy of the proposed method under different working conditions is 99.2%without adding noise.The accuracy under different working conditions from 0 to 1 HP is 100%.When the SNR is 0 dB,the average accuracy of the proposed method can still reach 98.7%under varying working conditions.Therefore,the bearing fault diagnosis method proposed in this paper is characterized by high accuracy,strong anti-noise ability,and generalization.Moreover,the proposed method can also overcome the influence of variable working conditions on diagnosis accuracy,providing method support for the accurate diagnosis of bearing faults under strong noise and variable working conditions.展开更多
Adolescence and the journey to adulthood involves exciting opportunities as well as psychosocial stress for young people growing up.These normal experiences are potentially magnified for teenagers living with chronic ...Adolescence and the journey to adulthood involves exciting opportunities as well as psychosocial stress for young people growing up.These normal experiences are potentially magnified for teenagers living with chronic illness or disability and their families.Advances in care have improved survival for children with a variety of serious chronic medical conditions such that many who may once have died in childhood now survive well into adulthood with ongoing morbidity.For those with highly complex needs,care is often provided at major paediatric hospitals with expertise,specially trained personnel,and resources to support young people and their families for the first decades of life.At the end of adolescence,however,it is generally appropriate and necessary for young adults and their caregivers to transition to the care of clinicians trained in the care of adults at general hospitals.While there are some well-managed models to support this journey of transition,these are often specific to certain conditions and usually do not involve intensive care.Many patients may encounter considerable challenges during this period.Difficulties may include the loss of established therapeutic relationships,a perception of austerity and reduced amenity in facilities oriented to caring for adult patients,and care by clinicians with less experience with more common paediatric conditions.In addition,there is a risk of potential conflict between clinicians and families regarding goals of care in the event of a critical illness when it occurs in a young adult with major disability and long-term health issues.These challenges present genuine opportunities to better understand the transition from paediatric to adult-based care and to improve processes that assist clinicians who support patients and families as they shift between healthcare settings.展开更多
We study the following modified transitional Korteweg-de Vries equation ut+f(t)upux+uxxx=0, (x,t)∈R+×R+, (p≥2is an even integer) with initial value u(x,0)=g(x)∈H4(R+)and inhomogeneous boundary value u(0,t)=Q(t...We study the following modified transitional Korteweg-de Vries equation ut+f(t)upux+uxxx=0, (x,t)∈R+×R+, (p≥2is an even integer) with initial value u(x,0)=g(x)∈H4(R+)and inhomogeneous boundary value u(0,t)=Q(t)∈C2([ 0,∞ )). Under the conditions either (i) f(t)≤0, f′(t)≥0or (ii) f(t)≤−αwhere α>0, we prove the existence of a unique global classical solution.展开更多
The whole concept and relative value of nuclear energy is being reassessed against the juxtaposed background of climate change induced by global warming versus the imperatives of international energy security.This res...The whole concept and relative value of nuclear energy is being reassessed against the juxtaposed background of climate change induced by global warming versus the imperatives of international energy security.This research focuses on the new trends and developments of nuclear energy against the guidelines being set for attaining carbon neutrality and the demands for energy security.展开更多
Xinjiang has undergone significant changes in recent years.Government efforts to create a peaceful environment are visibly yielding results.Once rife with conflict,the region now enjoys stability and growth.A sense of...Xinjiang has undergone significant changes in recent years.Government efforts to create a peaceful environment are visibly yielding results.Once rife with conflict,the region now enjoys stability and growth.A sense of calm and safety is evident on its streets,which are now brimming with commerce and culture.展开更多
In the context of the global energy transition,the oil and gas industry faces the urgent challenge of green transformation.This article examines the ESG(Environmental,Social,and Governance)trajectory and sustainable d...In the context of the global energy transition,the oil and gas industry faces the urgent challenge of green transformation.This article examines the ESG(Environmental,Social,and Governance)trajectory and sustainable development within the oil and gas industry.It delves into the current application of the ESG framework within the industry,evaluates policy standards,and assesses the opportunities and challenges confronting it.展开更多
Comprehensive understanding of the direct transformation pathway from graphite to diamond under high temperature and high pressure has long been one of the fundamental goals in materials science.Despite considerable e...Comprehensive understanding of the direct transformation pathway from graphite to diamond under high temperature and high pressure has long been one of the fundamental goals in materials science.Despite considerable experimental and theoretical progress,current experimental studies have mainly focused on the local microstructural characterizations of recovered samples,which has certain limitations for hightemperature and high-pressure products,which often exhibit diversity.Here,we report on the pressure-induced phase transition behavior of natural single-crystal graphite under three distinct pressure-transmitting media from a macroscopic perspective using in situ two-dimensional Raman spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy,and atomic force microscopy.The surface evolution process of graphite before and after the phase transition is captured,revealing that pressure-induced surface textures can impede the continuity of the phase transition process across the entire single crystal.Our results provide a fresh perspective for studying the phase transition behavior of graphite and greatly deepen our understanding of this behavior,which will be helpful in guiding further high-temperature and high-pressure syntheses of carbon allotropes.展开更多
Since 2019,global climate governance has become increasingly stringent and has accelerated.The international oil and gas industry,as a high carbon emission sector,has seen its attitudes,approaches,and specific actions...Since 2019,global climate governance has become increasingly stringent and has accelerated.The international oil and gas industry,as a high carbon emission sector,has seen its attitudes,approaches,and specific actions attract considerable attention from various stakeholders.展开更多
Recent advancements in electrocatalysis have highlighted the exceptional application value of amorphous electrocatalysts. Withtheir unique atomic configurations, these electrocatalysts exhibit superior catalytic perfo...Recent advancements in electrocatalysis have highlighted the exceptional application value of amorphous electrocatalysts. Withtheir unique atomic configurations, these electrocatalysts exhibit superior catalytic performance compared to that of their crystalline coun-terparts. Transition metal(TM) amorphous ribbon-shaped electrocatalysts have recently emerged as a new frontier in the catalysis field.Dealloying is widely considered a fascinating method for enhancing the electrocatalyst performance. In this review, we comprehensivelyexamine the principles of water electrolysis, discuss the prevalent methods for fabricating ribbon-configured electrocatalysts, and providean overview of amorphous alloys. Furthermore, we discuss binary, ternary, and high-entropy amorphous TM-based electrocatalysts,which satisfy the requirements necessary for effective water electrolysis. We also propose strategies to enhance the activity of amorphousTM-based ribbons, including morphology control, defect engineering, composition optimization, and heterostructure creation in differentelectrolytes. Our focus extends to the latest developments in the design of heterogeneous micro/nanostructures, management of prepara-tion techniques, and synthesis of different compositions. Finally, we address the ongoing challenges and provide a perspective on the fu-ture development of broadly applicable, self-supporting TM ribbon-shaped electrocatalysts.展开更多
The interplay between electronic topological phase transitions and superconductivity in the field of condensed matter physics has consistently captivated researchers.Here we have succeeded in modulating the Lifshitz t...The interplay between electronic topological phase transitions and superconductivity in the field of condensed matter physics has consistently captivated researchers.Here we have succeeded in modulating the Lifshitz transition by pressure and realized superconductivity.At 25.7 GPa,superconductivity with a transition temperature of 1.9 K has been observed in 3R-NbS_(2).The Hall coefficient changes from negative to positive at 14 GPa,indicating a Lifshitz transition in 3R-NbS_(2),and the carrier concentration continues to increase with increasing pressure.X-ray diffraction results indicate that the appearance of superconductivity cannot be attributable to structural transitions.Based on theoretical calculations,the emergence of a new band is attributed to the Lifshitz transition and the new band coincides with the Fermi surface at the pressure of 30 GPa.These findings provide new insights into the relationship between the Lifshitz transition and superconductivity.展开更多
Two-dimensional(2D)moirésuperlattices with a small twist in orientation exhibit a broad range of physical properties due to the complicated intralayer and interlayer interactions modulated by the twist angle.Here...Two-dimensional(2D)moirésuperlattices with a small twist in orientation exhibit a broad range of physical properties due to the complicated intralayer and interlayer interactions modulated by the twist angle.Here,we report a metal-semiconductor phase transition in homojunction moirésuperlattices of NiS_2 and PtTe_2 with large twist angles based on high-throughput screening of 2D materials MX_(2)(M=Ni,Pd,Pt;X=S,Se,Te)via density functional theory(DFT)calculations.Firstly,the calculations for different stacking configurations(AA,AB and AC)reveal that AA stacking ones are stable for all the bilayer MX_(2).The metallic or semiconducting properties of these 2D materials remain invariable for different stacking without twisting except for NiS_2 and PtTe_2.For the twisted configurations,NiS_2 transfers from metal to semiconductor when the twist angles are 21.79°,27.79°,32.20°and 60°.PtTe_2 exhibits a similar transition at 60°.The phase transition is due to the weakened d-p orbital hybridization around the Fermi level as the interlayer distance increases in the twisted configurations.Further calculations of untwisted bilayers with increasing interlayer distance demonstrate that all the materials undergo metal-semiconductor phase transition with the increased interlayer distance because of the weakened d-p orbital hybridization.These findings provide fundamental insights into tuning the electronic properties of moirésuperlattices with large twist angles.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a difficult cancer to manage due to its highly invasive and metastatic nature.AIM To investigate the molecular function of transmembrane channel-like 5(TMC5)in vitro and in v...BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a difficult cancer to manage due to its highly invasive and metastatic nature.AIM To investigate the molecular function of transmembrane channel-like 5(TMC5)in vitro and in vivo,with the objective of identifying novel diagnosis and treatment targets for HCC.METHODS The expression of TMC in cancer and normal tissues,along with its correlation with HCC prognosis,was analyzed using the GENT2,GEPIA database,and Human Protein Atlas.COX analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between TMC5 expression and overall survival in TCGA-LIHC patients.Further experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of TMC5 in cancer progression through loss-and gain-of-function assays in vitro and in vivo.RESULTS Bioinformatics revealed that TMC5 expression was generally higher in tumors than in normal tissues,and its expression was associated with poorer patient survival outcomes.TMC5 expression in HCC tissues and cells was consistent with the results of the bioinformatics analysis.Suppression of TMC5 expression reduced migration,invasion,and proliferation,while also decreasing the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)-associated molecules in MHCC97-LM3 cells.Conversely,higher TMC5 expression significantly increased cell migration,invasion,proliferation,and EMT in MHCC97 L cells.TMC5 knockdown significantly decreased both the formation and spread of nodules in liver tissue,whereas TMC5 overexpression promoted them.CONCLUSION Our study provides compelling evidence that TMC5 is highly expressed in HCC and drives cancer progression through the activation of EMT-mediated invasion.TMC5 could represent a valuable molecular target for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.展开更多
El Niño is frequently followed by La Niña,while La Niña tends to sustain into the next year or even longer,exhibiting a notable phase transition asymmetry(TA)of El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO).T...El Niño is frequently followed by La Niña,while La Niña tends to sustain into the next year or even longer,exhibiting a notable phase transition asymmetry(TA)of El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO).This study explores the potential influences of tropical Indian Ocean(TIO)decadal variability on TA based on a comparative analysis of the relationship between the TIO sea surface temperature anomalies(SSTA)and ENSO during different periods.Generally,the TIO SSTA strengthened TA before the 1980s,corresponding to a highly positive relationship between the whole TIO SSTA and ENSO.However,the weakening effect was exhibited after the 1980s when the correlation diminished.After the late 1990s,ENSO was only positively correlated with western TIO,with the westerly exhibit of the SSTA center leading to smaller impacts on TA.Moreover,TIO SSTA tends to weaken TA by promoting the transition efficiency of La Niña,while bringing little effect on that of El Niño.Physically,compared to the mid-1970s,TIO SSTA triggered westerly wind anomalies during the autumn and winter of the La Niña development phase in the central equatorial Pacific in the late 1990s,which sped up the decay of La Niña.It then regenerated westerly anomalies in the following winter,facilitating the development of El Niño.This study quantifies the impact of the TIO SSTA on TA in seasonal signals and investigates the decadal variability of such influence,aiming to further understand phase transition asymmetry and offer valuable insights for the prediction of multi-year La Niña.展开更多
Since the Paleozoic,the tectonic evolution of northeastern Eurasia has been primarily influenced by the Paleo-Asian Ocean and the Paleo-Pacific tectonic domains.However,the spatial and temporal frameworks,as well as t...Since the Paleozoic,the tectonic evolution of northeastern Eurasia has been primarily influenced by the Paleo-Asian Ocean and the Paleo-Pacific tectonic domains.However,the spatial and temporal frameworks,as well as the timing of the tectonic transition between these two oceanic domains,remain unclear.For addressing these issues,we present petrological,geochronological,and geochemical data for andesite and sandstone samples from the Seluohe Group along the Jilin-Yanji Suture between the Jiamusi-Khanka Block and the North China Craton.The geochemical results indicate that the andesite sample is high-Mg andesite.Its magma source was generated by the metasomatized mantle wedge influenced by fluids derived from the subducted slab in a continental island arc setting.The high-Mg andesite gives the crystallization ages of Early Triassic(249±3 Ma).The sandstone is immature greywacke with a maximum depositional age of Early Triassic(247±1 Ma),and its sediments primarily originate from concurrent magmatic rocks within a juvenile continental arc.Based on our new findings,we propose that the Seluohe Group represents an Early Triassic volcanic-sedimentary association with continental island arc characteristics associated with the southwestward subduction of the Heilongjiang Ocean.We identified a sedimentary basin intimately associated with one or more continental arcs along the northeastern edge of the North China Craton.We suggest that the southwestward subduction of the Jilin-Heilongjiang Ocean in the Early Mesozoic accounts for this continental arc setting.There is a distinct temporal gap between the closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean(ca.260 Ma)and the onset of Paleo-Pacific plate subduction(234–220 Ma),which is essentially coeval with the southwestward subduction of the Jilin-Heilongjiang Ocean between 255 Ma and 239 Ma.展开更多
In this study,we investigate the critical phenomena of Kerr-AdS black holes under the modified first law of thermodynamics.Specifically,we considered modified black hole thermodynamics that exhibit a van der Waalslike...In this study,we investigate the critical phenomena of Kerr-AdS black holes under the modified first law of thermodynamics.Specifically,we considered modified black hole thermodynamics that exhibit a van der Waalslike phase structure.All critical exponents were calculated,and then,a swallowtail diagram of free energy was plotted.Comparing with existing results,the main difference is the correspondence between the thermal quantities of Kerr-AdS black holes and the van der Waals system.In a previous study[Y.D.Tsai,X.N.Wu,and Y.Yang,Phys.Rev.D 85044005(2012)],the correspondence was(Ω_(H),J)→(V,P),while in our study,the correspondence was(J,Ω_(H))→(V,P).This difference was owing to the rotating effect.The modified black hole thermodynamics were associated with rotating observers.The free energy in such a reference contains extra rotating energy,which induces a Legendre transformation in the(Ω_(H),J)cross-section,causing the difference in correspondence.展开更多
BACKGROUND The causes of death in patients with advanced esophageal cancer are multi-factorial,with tumor metastasis being one of the important factors.Histone acetylation promotes the migration of esophageal squamous...BACKGROUND The causes of death in patients with advanced esophageal cancer are multi-factorial,with tumor metastasis being one of the important factors.Histone acetylation promotes the migration of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)cells,while the histone deacetylase inhibitor(HDACi)shows complex effects on tumor functions.AIM To comprehensively elucidate the impact and molecular mechanisms of trichostatin A(TSA),an HDACi,on cell migration in ESCC through bromodomain-containing protein(BRD4)/cellular myelocytomatosis oncogene(c-Myc)/endoplasmic reticulum(ER)-stress.METHODS The effects of TSA on ESCC cell lines Eca109 and EC9706 migration were evaluated using Transwell assays,with small interfering transfection and pathway-specific inhibitors to elucidate underlying mechanisms.The mRNA levels involved were examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.Protein levels of acetylated histones H3(acH3)and acetylated histones H4,BRD4,c-Myc,as well as markers of ER stress and epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT),were analyzed using western blot.Additionally,this method was also used to examine acH3 levels in esophageal cancer tissues and adjacent tissues.Patient outcomes were subsequently tracked to identify prognostic indicators using Log-Rank tests and Cox multivariate analysis.RESULTS TSA promoted the migration of ESCC cells by stimulating the EMT process.TSA-mediated histone acetylation facilitated the recruitment of BRD4,a bromodomain-containing protein,triggering the expression of c-Myc.This cascade induced ER stress and enhanced EMT in ESCC cells.To further elucidate the underlying mechanism,we employed various interventions including the ER stress inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid,knockdown of c-Myc and BRD4 expression,and utilization of the BRD4 inhibitor carboxylic acid as well as the inhibitor of TSA 1.Mechanist-ically,these studies revealed that TSA-mediated histone acetylation facilitated the recruitment of BRD4,which in turn triggered the expression of c-Myc.This sequential activation induced ER stress and subsequently enhanced EMT,thereby promoting the migration of ESCC cells.Additionally,we examined histone acetylation levels in specimens from 43 patients with ESCC,including both tumor tissues and paired adjacent tissues.Statistical analysis unveiled a negative correlation between the level of histone acetylation and the long-term prognosis of patients with ESCC.CONCLUSION TSA promoted ESCC cell migration through the BRD4/c-Myc/ER stress pathway.Moreover,elevated histone acetylation in ESCC tissues correlated with poor ESCC prognosis.These findings enhance our understanding of ESCC migration and HDACi therapy.展开更多
基金supported by the NSF of China(Grant Nos.42072055,42274137 and 42302047).
文摘The vibrational and electrical transport properties of natural siderite are systematically investigated by means of in-situ Raman spectroscopy and alternating current impedance spectroscopy under conditions of 0.6-55.6 GPa,298-873 K and different hydrostatic environments using a diamond anvil cell(DAC).Upon non-hydrostatic compression,all of these observable characteristic variations of siderite including the appearance of three absolutely new Raman peaks(L’,v4'and v1'),the disappearance of Raman peaks(T,L and v4)and the discontinuity in the pressure-dependent electrical conductivity can provide robust evidence of electronic spin transitions of Fe^(2+)from high-spin to mixed-spin to low-spin states at the respective pressures of 42.5 GPa and 48.5 GPa.As far as hydrostatic condition,the electronic spin states from high-spin to mixed-spin to low-spin states occurred at the higher pressures of 45.7 GPa and 50.4 GPa,respectively,which implied the highly sensitive hydrostaticity of electronic spin transition pressures.Upon decompression,the reverse electronic spin transitions from low-spin to mixed-spin to high-spin states were detected at the respective pressures of 47.2 GPa and 28.7 GPa under non-hydrostatic condition,and as well as at the pressures of 49.4 GPa and 25.1 GPa under hydrostatic condition,respectively.The huge pressure hysteresis of 13.8 GPa and 20.6 GPa for the electronic spin state transition was revealed under non-hydrostatic and hydrostatic environments,respectively.In order to explore the effect of temperature on the electronic spin transition,a series of electrical conductivity experiments on siderite were performed over the temperature range of 323-873 K under conditions of three typical pressures of 47.7,49.8 and 51.6 GPa.Furthermore,the functional relationships between the temperature and pressure describing the high-spin to mixed-spin to low-spin transitions for siderite were successfully established:P1(GPa)=39.318+0.015 T(K)and P2(GPa)=41.277+0.018 T(K),respectively.In conclusion,our acquired phase diagram of the electronic spin transition on siderite is beneficial to deep insight into the electronic spin behavior for those of iron-bearing carbonate minerals under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions.
文摘Introduction and Background: Registered nurses’ transit to the clinical placement areas after completing a three-year Bachelor of Nursing training. They should be supported by nurse leaders and nurse educators;to gain confidence and the ability to perform critical care nursing, deal with high patient numbers, the ability to work independently and manage relationships with providers, families and the interprofessional team. Methods: A qualitative research design was employed to explore two important aspects of nursing professionalism. Firstly, the sentiments of senior registered nurses about professional mentorship of newly graduated nurses NGNs. Secondly the strategies employed by senior nurses to assist the transition of NGNs to professional nursing. Two nurse unit managers (NUM) participated as key informants. Results: Two themes will be discussed from the pilot study: Responsibilities and challenges faced by senior nurses while they supervise (NGNs) in their wards. Senior nurses’ workload and responsibilities fully occupy them during the days’ work, leaving very little time to spend supervising the NGNs. The challenges faced by senior nurses are those of restricted time, no proper resources, and mentoring manuals to guide the senior nurses. Discussion: The results of the pilot study present the challenges of senior nurses in supervising and training NGNs during transition, as they must complete the administrative tasks, finalizing rosters, and have direct patient contact. They usually face challenges while supervising the NGNs, sometimes leaving them to work on their own where the NGN is prone to make mistakes during patient care. Conclusion: Support and supervision are key to a successful transition, but senior nurses face difficulties, and challenges in many forms, there are no mentors available for the NGNs in any ward at the CWM Hospital while they train and supervise them during transitions. SNs take up a lot of responsibilities and provide support and supervision to NGNs. Some NGNs have undesirable attitudes that hinder the learning and teaching process. They also acknowledge that NGNs also need to play their role in learning to adapt to the new clinical environment with various challenges they face themselves.
基金Supported by the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province,No.202203021222418Research Program of Shanxi Provincial Health Commission,No.2023061+2 种基金Fundamental Research Cooperation Program of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region of Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin,No.22JCZXJC00140Tianjin Major Science and Technology Project,No.21ZXJBSY00110Tianjin Health and Science and Technology Project,No.TJWJ2024ZK001.
文摘BACKGROUND Regulator of G protein signaling(RGS)proteins participate in tumor formation and metastasis by acting on theα-subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins.The speci-fic effect of RGS,particularly RGS4,on the progression of gastric cancer(GC)is not yet clear.AIM To explore the role and underlying mechanisms of action of RGS4 in GC develop-ment.METHODS The prognostic significance of RGS4 in GC was analyzed using bioinformatics based public databases and verified by immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction in 90 patients with GC.Function assays were employed to assess the carcinogenic impact of RGS4,and the mechanism of its possible influence was detected by western blot analysis.A nude mouse xenograft model was established to study the effects of RGS4 on GC growth in vitro.RESULTS RGS4 was highly expressed in GC tissues compared with matched adjacent normal tissues.Elevated RGS4 expression was correlated with increased tumor-node-metastasis stage,increased tumor grade as well as poorer overall survival in patients with GC.Cell experiments demonstrated that RGS4 knockdown suppressed GC cell proliferation,migration and invasion.Similarly,xenograft experiments confirmed that RGS4 silencing significantly inhibited tumor growth.Moreover,RGS4 knockdown resulted in reduced phosphorylation levels of focal adhesion kinase,phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase,and protein kinase B,decreased vimentin and N-cadherin,and elevated E-cadherin.CONCLUSION High RGS4 expression in GC indicates a worse prognosis and RGS4 is a prognostic marker.RGS4 influences tumor progression via the focal adhesion kinase/phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
文摘Background: Since it was theorised by Abdel Omran in 1971, the epidemiological transition has been well documented in Latin America, Asia and even increasingly in Africa south of the Sahara. According to this theory, sub-Saharan Africa is in the first phase of development corresponding to the “age of plague and famine”. Given the health statistics currently available, more and more low- and middle-income countries, including those in sub-Saharan Africa, are experiencing an increase in mortality and the economic impact associated with non-communicable diseases. Côte d’Ivoire is one of the countries in sub-Saharan Africa where non-communicable diseases are currently on the rise. Despite the significant changes observed over the last decades, few studies have been carried out on the epidemiological transition in Côte d’Ivoire. It therefore seemed necessary to examine the changes in patterns of disease occurrence and causes of death in Côte d’Ivoire. Objectives: This work aimed to determine the reality of the epidemiological transition in Côte d’Ivoire and characterize its facies from 1990 to 2020. Methods: A literature review was carried out using PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, Google, institutional websites (WHO, World Bank), university library websites and institutional reports from Côte d’Ivoire. The indicators sought were mortality, morbidity, life expectancy and fertility. Results: Mortality fell overall from 13.88‰ to 9.70‰, with variations linked to cyclical situations. Life expectancy rose by 52.6 to 59.03 years, although it is still below 60. Fertility has fallen from 6.3 to 4.5 children. There is a general downward trend in morbidity due to communicable diseases between 2009 and 2019, followed by an increase in non-communicable diseases. Conclusion: Côte d’Ivoire is undergoing an original and complex epidemiological transition that needs to be taken into account in health policies and strategies.
基金supported by Hebei Natural Science Foundation under Grant No.E2024402079Key Laboratory of Intelligent Industrial Equipment Technology of Hebei Province(Hebei University of Engineering)under Grant No.202206.
文摘A bearing fault diagnosis method based on the Markov transitionfield(MTF)and SEnet(SE)-IShufflenetV2 model is proposed in this paper due to the problems of complex working conditions,low fault diagnosis accuracy,and poor generalization of rolling bearing.Firstly,MTF is used to encode one-dimensional time series vibration sig-nals and convert them into time-dependent and unique two-dimensional feature images.Then,the generated two-dimensional dataset is fed into the SE-IShufflenetV2 model for training to achieve fault feature extraction and classification.This paper selects the bearing fault datasets from Case Western Reserve University and Paderborn University to experimentally verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.The generalization performance of the proposed method is tested under the variable load condition and different signal-to-noise ratios(SNRs).The experimental results show that the average accuracy of the proposed method under different working conditions is 99.2%without adding noise.The accuracy under different working conditions from 0 to 1 HP is 100%.When the SNR is 0 dB,the average accuracy of the proposed method can still reach 98.7%under varying working conditions.Therefore,the bearing fault diagnosis method proposed in this paper is characterized by high accuracy,strong anti-noise ability,and generalization.Moreover,the proposed method can also overcome the influence of variable working conditions on diagnosis accuracy,providing method support for the accurate diagnosis of bearing faults under strong noise and variable working conditions.
文摘Adolescence and the journey to adulthood involves exciting opportunities as well as psychosocial stress for young people growing up.These normal experiences are potentially magnified for teenagers living with chronic illness or disability and their families.Advances in care have improved survival for children with a variety of serious chronic medical conditions such that many who may once have died in childhood now survive well into adulthood with ongoing morbidity.For those with highly complex needs,care is often provided at major paediatric hospitals with expertise,specially trained personnel,and resources to support young people and their families for the first decades of life.At the end of adolescence,however,it is generally appropriate and necessary for young adults and their caregivers to transition to the care of clinicians trained in the care of adults at general hospitals.While there are some well-managed models to support this journey of transition,these are often specific to certain conditions and usually do not involve intensive care.Many patients may encounter considerable challenges during this period.Difficulties may include the loss of established therapeutic relationships,a perception of austerity and reduced amenity in facilities oriented to caring for adult patients,and care by clinicians with less experience with more common paediatric conditions.In addition,there is a risk of potential conflict between clinicians and families regarding goals of care in the event of a critical illness when it occurs in a young adult with major disability and long-term health issues.These challenges present genuine opportunities to better understand the transition from paediatric to adult-based care and to improve processes that assist clinicians who support patients and families as they shift between healthcare settings.
文摘We study the following modified transitional Korteweg-de Vries equation ut+f(t)upux+uxxx=0, (x,t)∈R+×R+, (p≥2is an even integer) with initial value u(x,0)=g(x)∈H4(R+)and inhomogeneous boundary value u(0,t)=Q(t)∈C2([ 0,∞ )). Under the conditions either (i) f(t)≤0, f′(t)≥0or (ii) f(t)≤−αwhere α>0, we prove the existence of a unique global classical solution.
文摘The whole concept and relative value of nuclear energy is being reassessed against the juxtaposed background of climate change induced by global warming versus the imperatives of international energy security.This research focuses on the new trends and developments of nuclear energy against the guidelines being set for attaining carbon neutrality and the demands for energy security.
文摘Xinjiang has undergone significant changes in recent years.Government efforts to create a peaceful environment are visibly yielding results.Once rife with conflict,the region now enjoys stability and growth.A sense of calm and safety is evident on its streets,which are now brimming with commerce and culture.
基金supported by“the Fundamental Research Funds for Zhejiang’s Provincial Universities and Colleges,Project No.:2024ZX26”。
文摘In the context of the global energy transition,the oil and gas industry faces the urgent challenge of green transformation.This article examines the ESG(Environmental,Social,and Governance)trajectory and sustainable development within the oil and gas industry.It delves into the current application of the ESG framework within the industry,evaluates policy standards,and assesses the opportunities and challenges confronting it.
基金support from the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.T2225027)the NSAF(Grant No.U1930401)+1 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(MOST)(Grant No.2023YFA1406500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant No.61674045).
文摘Comprehensive understanding of the direct transformation pathway from graphite to diamond under high temperature and high pressure has long been one of the fundamental goals in materials science.Despite considerable experimental and theoretical progress,current experimental studies have mainly focused on the local microstructural characterizations of recovered samples,which has certain limitations for hightemperature and high-pressure products,which often exhibit diversity.Here,we report on the pressure-induced phase transition behavior of natural single-crystal graphite under three distinct pressure-transmitting media from a macroscopic perspective using in situ two-dimensional Raman spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy,and atomic force microscopy.The surface evolution process of graphite before and after the phase transition is captured,revealing that pressure-induced surface textures can impede the continuity of the phase transition process across the entire single crystal.Our results provide a fresh perspective for studying the phase transition behavior of graphite and greatly deepen our understanding of this behavior,which will be helpful in guiding further high-temperature and high-pressure syntheses of carbon allotropes.
文摘Since 2019,global climate governance has become increasingly stringent and has accelerated.The international oil and gas industry,as a high carbon emission sector,has seen its attitudes,approaches,and specific actions attract considerable attention from various stakeholders.
基金financially supported by the Yancheng Polytechnic College School-Level Scientific Research, China (No. ygy1903)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 52001163, 52075237, and 52371157)+2 种基金the Open Project of Taihu Laboratory of Deep-Sea Technology Science, Key Research and Development Plan of Jiangsu Province, China (No. BE2019119)supported by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institution (PAPD), Chinathe research funding for the Jiangsu Specially-Appointed Professor Program, China。
文摘Recent advancements in electrocatalysis have highlighted the exceptional application value of amorphous electrocatalysts. Withtheir unique atomic configurations, these electrocatalysts exhibit superior catalytic performance compared to that of their crystalline coun-terparts. Transition metal(TM) amorphous ribbon-shaped electrocatalysts have recently emerged as a new frontier in the catalysis field.Dealloying is widely considered a fascinating method for enhancing the electrocatalyst performance. In this review, we comprehensivelyexamine the principles of water electrolysis, discuss the prevalent methods for fabricating ribbon-configured electrocatalysts, and providean overview of amorphous alloys. Furthermore, we discuss binary, ternary, and high-entropy amorphous TM-based electrocatalysts,which satisfy the requirements necessary for effective water electrolysis. We also propose strategies to enhance the activity of amorphousTM-based ribbons, including morphology control, defect engineering, composition optimization, and heterostructure creation in differentelectrolytes. Our focus extends to the latest developments in the design of heterogeneous micro/nanostructures, management of prepara-tion techniques, and synthesis of different compositions. Finally, we address the ongoing challenges and provide a perspective on the fu-ture development of broadly applicable, self-supporting TM ribbon-shaped electrocatalysts.
基金Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA1405500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52072188 and 12304072)+1 种基金Program for Science and Technology Innovation Team in Zhejiang(Grant No.2021R01004)the Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo(Grant No.2021J121)。
文摘The interplay between electronic topological phase transitions and superconductivity in the field of condensed matter physics has consistently captivated researchers.Here we have succeeded in modulating the Lifshitz transition by pressure and realized superconductivity.At 25.7 GPa,superconductivity with a transition temperature of 1.9 K has been observed in 3R-NbS_(2).The Hall coefficient changes from negative to positive at 14 GPa,indicating a Lifshitz transition in 3R-NbS_(2),and the carrier concentration continues to increase with increasing pressure.X-ray diffraction results indicate that the appearance of superconductivity cannot be attributable to structural transitions.Based on theoretical calculations,the emergence of a new band is attributed to the Lifshitz transition and the new band coincides with the Fermi surface at the pressure of 30 GPa.These findings provide new insights into the relationship between the Lifshitz transition and superconductivity.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52472153,11704081,62488201)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA1204100)+2 种基金National Science and Technology Innovation Talent Cultivation Program(Grant No.2023BZRC016)Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.2020GXNSFAA297182)the special fund for“Guangxi Bagui Scholars”。
文摘Two-dimensional(2D)moirésuperlattices with a small twist in orientation exhibit a broad range of physical properties due to the complicated intralayer and interlayer interactions modulated by the twist angle.Here,we report a metal-semiconductor phase transition in homojunction moirésuperlattices of NiS_2 and PtTe_2 with large twist angles based on high-throughput screening of 2D materials MX_(2)(M=Ni,Pd,Pt;X=S,Se,Te)via density functional theory(DFT)calculations.Firstly,the calculations for different stacking configurations(AA,AB and AC)reveal that AA stacking ones are stable for all the bilayer MX_(2).The metallic or semiconducting properties of these 2D materials remain invariable for different stacking without twisting except for NiS_2 and PtTe_2.For the twisted configurations,NiS_2 transfers from metal to semiconductor when the twist angles are 21.79°,27.79°,32.20°and 60°.PtTe_2 exhibits a similar transition at 60°.The phase transition is due to the weakened d-p orbital hybridization around the Fermi level as the interlayer distance increases in the twisted configurations.Further calculations of untwisted bilayers with increasing interlayer distance demonstrate that all the materials undergo metal-semiconductor phase transition with the increased interlayer distance because of the weakened d-p orbital hybridization.These findings provide fundamental insights into tuning the electronic properties of moirésuperlattices with large twist angles.
基金Supported by the Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology-Kunming Medical University Joint Special Project on Applied Basic Research,No.202401AY070001-132the Yunnan Provincial Science Foundation,No.2018FE001(-287)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81460443the Ten Thousand People Plan of Yunnan Province,No.KH-SWR-MY-2020-002.
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a difficult cancer to manage due to its highly invasive and metastatic nature.AIM To investigate the molecular function of transmembrane channel-like 5(TMC5)in vitro and in vivo,with the objective of identifying novel diagnosis and treatment targets for HCC.METHODS The expression of TMC in cancer and normal tissues,along with its correlation with HCC prognosis,was analyzed using the GENT2,GEPIA database,and Human Protein Atlas.COX analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between TMC5 expression and overall survival in TCGA-LIHC patients.Further experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of TMC5 in cancer progression through loss-and gain-of-function assays in vitro and in vivo.RESULTS Bioinformatics revealed that TMC5 expression was generally higher in tumors than in normal tissues,and its expression was associated with poorer patient survival outcomes.TMC5 expression in HCC tissues and cells was consistent with the results of the bioinformatics analysis.Suppression of TMC5 expression reduced migration,invasion,and proliferation,while also decreasing the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)-associated molecules in MHCC97-LM3 cells.Conversely,higher TMC5 expression significantly increased cell migration,invasion,proliferation,and EMT in MHCC97 L cells.TMC5 knockdown significantly decreased both the formation and spread of nodules in liver tissue,whereas TMC5 overexpression promoted them.CONCLUSION Our study provides compelling evidence that TMC5 is highly expressed in HCC and drives cancer progression through the activation of EMT-mediated invasion.TMC5 could represent a valuable molecular target for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(42288101,42192564)Project of Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(2020YFA0608802)Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(2020B0301030004)。
文摘El Niño is frequently followed by La Niña,while La Niña tends to sustain into the next year or even longer,exhibiting a notable phase transition asymmetry(TA)of El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO).This study explores the potential influences of tropical Indian Ocean(TIO)decadal variability on TA based on a comparative analysis of the relationship between the TIO sea surface temperature anomalies(SSTA)and ENSO during different periods.Generally,the TIO SSTA strengthened TA before the 1980s,corresponding to a highly positive relationship between the whole TIO SSTA and ENSO.However,the weakening effect was exhibited after the 1980s when the correlation diminished.After the late 1990s,ENSO was only positively correlated with western TIO,with the westerly exhibit of the SSTA center leading to smaller impacts on TA.Moreover,TIO SSTA tends to weaken TA by promoting the transition efficiency of La Niña,while bringing little effect on that of El Niño.Physically,compared to the mid-1970s,TIO SSTA triggered westerly wind anomalies during the autumn and winter of the La Niña development phase in the central equatorial Pacific in the late 1990s,which sped up the decay of La Niña.It then regenerated westerly anomalies in the following winter,facilitating the development of El Niño.This study quantifies the impact of the TIO SSTA on TA in seasonal signals and investigates the decadal variability of such influence,aiming to further understand phase transition asymmetry and offer valuable insights for the prediction of multi-year La Niña.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Nos.42230303,42430305 and 42302236Graduate Innovation Fund of Jilin University Number:2024CX109.
文摘Since the Paleozoic,the tectonic evolution of northeastern Eurasia has been primarily influenced by the Paleo-Asian Ocean and the Paleo-Pacific tectonic domains.However,the spatial and temporal frameworks,as well as the timing of the tectonic transition between these two oceanic domains,remain unclear.For addressing these issues,we present petrological,geochronological,and geochemical data for andesite and sandstone samples from the Seluohe Group along the Jilin-Yanji Suture between the Jiamusi-Khanka Block and the North China Craton.The geochemical results indicate that the andesite sample is high-Mg andesite.Its magma source was generated by the metasomatized mantle wedge influenced by fluids derived from the subducted slab in a continental island arc setting.The high-Mg andesite gives the crystallization ages of Early Triassic(249±3 Ma).The sandstone is immature greywacke with a maximum depositional age of Early Triassic(247±1 Ma),and its sediments primarily originate from concurrent magmatic rocks within a juvenile continental arc.Based on our new findings,we propose that the Seluohe Group represents an Early Triassic volcanic-sedimentary association with continental island arc characteristics associated with the southwestward subduction of the Heilongjiang Ocean.We identified a sedimentary basin intimately associated with one or more continental arcs along the northeastern edge of the North China Craton.We suggest that the southwestward subduction of the Jilin-Heilongjiang Ocean in the Early Mesozoic accounts for this continental arc setting.There is a distinct temporal gap between the closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean(ca.260 Ma)and the onset of Paleo-Pacific plate subduction(234–220 Ma),which is essentially coeval with the southwestward subduction of the Jilin-Heilongjiang Ocean between 255 Ma and 239 Ma.
基金Supported by the Special Foundation for Guangxi Ba Gui Scholars and Junwu Scholars of Guangxi Universitysupported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12275350)。
文摘In this study,we investigate the critical phenomena of Kerr-AdS black holes under the modified first law of thermodynamics.Specifically,we considered modified black hole thermodynamics that exhibit a van der Waalslike phase structure.All critical exponents were calculated,and then,a swallowtail diagram of free energy was plotted.Comparing with existing results,the main difference is the correspondence between the thermal quantities of Kerr-AdS black holes and the van der Waals system.In a previous study[Y.D.Tsai,X.N.Wu,and Y.Yang,Phys.Rev.D 85044005(2012)],the correspondence was(Ω_(H),J)→(V,P),while in our study,the correspondence was(J,Ω_(H))→(V,P).This difference was owing to the rotating effect.The modified black hole thermodynamics were associated with rotating observers.The free energy in such a reference contains extra rotating energy,which induces a Legendre transformation in the(Ω_(H),J)cross-section,causing the difference in correspondence.
基金Supported by the Henan Province Science and Technology Development Plan,No.242102311124Key Medical Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province,No.SBGJ202102188+1 种基金Henan Provincial Medical Science and Technology Project,No.LHGJ20221012Fundamental Research Funds for the Universities of Henan Province,No.NSFRF240308.
文摘BACKGROUND The causes of death in patients with advanced esophageal cancer are multi-factorial,with tumor metastasis being one of the important factors.Histone acetylation promotes the migration of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)cells,while the histone deacetylase inhibitor(HDACi)shows complex effects on tumor functions.AIM To comprehensively elucidate the impact and molecular mechanisms of trichostatin A(TSA),an HDACi,on cell migration in ESCC through bromodomain-containing protein(BRD4)/cellular myelocytomatosis oncogene(c-Myc)/endoplasmic reticulum(ER)-stress.METHODS The effects of TSA on ESCC cell lines Eca109 and EC9706 migration were evaluated using Transwell assays,with small interfering transfection and pathway-specific inhibitors to elucidate underlying mechanisms.The mRNA levels involved were examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.Protein levels of acetylated histones H3(acH3)and acetylated histones H4,BRD4,c-Myc,as well as markers of ER stress and epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT),were analyzed using western blot.Additionally,this method was also used to examine acH3 levels in esophageal cancer tissues and adjacent tissues.Patient outcomes were subsequently tracked to identify prognostic indicators using Log-Rank tests and Cox multivariate analysis.RESULTS TSA promoted the migration of ESCC cells by stimulating the EMT process.TSA-mediated histone acetylation facilitated the recruitment of BRD4,a bromodomain-containing protein,triggering the expression of c-Myc.This cascade induced ER stress and enhanced EMT in ESCC cells.To further elucidate the underlying mechanism,we employed various interventions including the ER stress inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid,knockdown of c-Myc and BRD4 expression,and utilization of the BRD4 inhibitor carboxylic acid as well as the inhibitor of TSA 1.Mechanist-ically,these studies revealed that TSA-mediated histone acetylation facilitated the recruitment of BRD4,which in turn triggered the expression of c-Myc.This sequential activation induced ER stress and subsequently enhanced EMT,thereby promoting the migration of ESCC cells.Additionally,we examined histone acetylation levels in specimens from 43 patients with ESCC,including both tumor tissues and paired adjacent tissues.Statistical analysis unveiled a negative correlation between the level of histone acetylation and the long-term prognosis of patients with ESCC.CONCLUSION TSA promoted ESCC cell migration through the BRD4/c-Myc/ER stress pathway.Moreover,elevated histone acetylation in ESCC tissues correlated with poor ESCC prognosis.These findings enhance our understanding of ESCC migration and HDACi therapy.
