In this paper, the sand transport during a sand-dust storm in the Tazhong area of the central Taklimakan Desert from 11：29 to 23：56 on July 19, 2008 was observed and measured in real time. The sand flux at Tazhong w...In this paper, the sand transport during a sand-dust storm in the Tazhong area of the central Taklimakan Desert from 11：29 to 23：56 on July 19, 2008 was observed and measured in real time. The sand flux at Tazhong was estimated using sand transport empirical formulas. The critical friction velocity at Tazhong was 0.24 m/s and the functional relation between the wind speed and sediment discharge at the height of 2 m was established. It was also found that the calculated values by Lettau＇s sediment discharge formula were close to those of the instrument measurements. The horizontal sand flux and the vertical sand flux during this sand-dust storm at Tazhong were respectively 258.67×10-4 kg/（m·s） and 40.07×10-7 kg/（m2·s）.展开更多
Tazhong is the hinterland and a sandstorm high-frequency area of the Taklimakan Desert. However, little is known about the detailed time-series of aeolian sand transport in this area. An experiment to study the sand-d...Tazhong is the hinterland and a sandstorm high-frequency area of the Taklimakan Desert. However, little is known about the detailed time-series of aeolian sand transport in this area. An experiment to study the sand-dust horizontal flux of near-surface was carried out in Tazhong from January to December 2009. By measur- ing the sand-dust horizontal flux throughout sixteen sand-dust weather processes with a 200-cm tall Big Spring Number Eight （BSNE） sampler tower, we quantitatively analyzed the vertical variation of the sand-dust horizontal flux. And the total sand-dust horizontal flux of different time-series that passed through a section of 100 cm in width and 200 cm in height was estimated combining the data of saltation movement continuously recorded by piezo- electric saltation sensors （Sensit）. The results indicated that, in the surface layer ranging from 0-200 cm, the inten- sity of sand-dust horizontal flux decreased with the increase of the height, and the physical quantities obeyed power function well. The total sand-dust horizontal flux of the sixteen sand-dust weather processes that passed through a section of 100 cm in width and 200 cm in height was about 2,144.9 kg, the maximum of one sand-dust weather event was about 396.3 kg, and the annual total sand-dust horizontal flux was about 3,903.2 kg. The high levels of aeolian sand transport occurred during daytime, especially from 13：00 to 16：00 in the afternoon. We try to develop a new method for estimation of the detailed time-series of aeolian sand transport.展开更多
利用宁夏25个常规地面观测站逐时资料和欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)ERA-Interim逐6 h 0.125o×0.125o分辨率再分析资料,对宁夏2016年5月11日大风扬沙天气过程的天气形势、影响系统及其热力、动力条件和形成机制进行了分析。结果表...利用宁夏25个常规地面观测站逐时资料和欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)ERA-Interim逐6 h 0.125o×0.125o分辨率再分析资料,对宁夏2016年5月11日大风扬沙天气过程的天气形势、影响系统及其热力、动力条件和形成机制进行了分析。结果表明:(1)大风和扬沙呈现出时间位相上的不一致性,沙尘超前大风约6 h。(2)200 h Pa高空急流、500 h Pa锋区、700 h Pa低空急流和地面冷锋是此次过程的主要影响系统。(3)大风在不同阶段对扬沙起不同作用,在初期有利于扬沙的传输,后期对扬沙起抑制作用。(4)动量下传和变压风是大风形成和发展的直接原因,感热通量通过加强地面湍流形成混合层,从而引导动量下传是其间接原因,动量下传的重要机制是对流层高层高位涡的下传,过程风力最强时位涡高值区(≥2.0 PVU)由200 h Pa下传至520 h Pa。(5)扬沙的产生主要是冷平流和感热通量形成的热力不稳定共同作用的结果,变压风和动量下传大风是扬沙的输送机制,次级环流缺失和冷平流中心过低(750 h Pa)对沙尘输送高度的抑制作用是沙尘天气偏弱的主要原因。展开更多
基金funded by the National Key Technology R&D Program (2008BAC40B05-01)the National Department of Public Benefit (Meteorology) Research Foundation (GYHY201006012)+3 种基金 Science and Technology Key Project of Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region (200833119)the Research Foundation of China Desert Meteorology (Sqj2010014, Sqj2010007)the Meteorological New Technology Projects of China Meteorological Administration (CMATG2010M29) the Research Foundation of China Arid Meteorology (IAM201013)
文摘In this paper, the sand transport during a sand-dust storm in the Tazhong area of the central Taklimakan Desert from 11：29 to 23：56 on July 19, 2008 was observed and measured in real time. The sand flux at Tazhong was estimated using sand transport empirical formulas. The critical friction velocity at Tazhong was 0.24 m/s and the functional relation between the wind speed and sediment discharge at the height of 2 m was established. It was also found that the calculated values by Lettau＇s sediment discharge formula were close to those of the instrument measurements. The horizontal sand flux and the vertical sand flux during this sand-dust storm at Tazhong were respectively 258.67×10-4 kg/（m·s） and 40.07×10-7 kg/（m2·s）.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41175017)the Central Scientific Research Institute of the public basic scientific research business professional ( IDM201103)the R&D Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry (Meteorology)(GYHY201106025)
文摘Tazhong is the hinterland and a sandstorm high-frequency area of the Taklimakan Desert. However, little is known about the detailed time-series of aeolian sand transport in this area. An experiment to study the sand-dust horizontal flux of near-surface was carried out in Tazhong from January to December 2009. By measur- ing the sand-dust horizontal flux throughout sixteen sand-dust weather processes with a 200-cm tall Big Spring Number Eight （BSNE） sampler tower, we quantitatively analyzed the vertical variation of the sand-dust horizontal flux. And the total sand-dust horizontal flux of different time-series that passed through a section of 100 cm in width and 200 cm in height was estimated combining the data of saltation movement continuously recorded by piezo- electric saltation sensors （Sensit）. The results indicated that, in the surface layer ranging from 0-200 cm, the inten- sity of sand-dust horizontal flux decreased with the increase of the height, and the physical quantities obeyed power function well. The total sand-dust horizontal flux of the sixteen sand-dust weather processes that passed through a section of 100 cm in width and 200 cm in height was about 2,144.9 kg, the maximum of one sand-dust weather event was about 396.3 kg, and the annual total sand-dust horizontal flux was about 3,903.2 kg. The high levels of aeolian sand transport occurred during daytime, especially from 13：00 to 16：00 in the afternoon. We try to develop a new method for estimation of the detailed time-series of aeolian sand transport.
文摘利用宁夏25个常规地面观测站逐时资料和欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)ERA-Interim逐6 h 0.125o×0.125o分辨率再分析资料,对宁夏2016年5月11日大风扬沙天气过程的天气形势、影响系统及其热力、动力条件和形成机制进行了分析。结果表明:(1)大风和扬沙呈现出时间位相上的不一致性,沙尘超前大风约6 h。(2)200 h Pa高空急流、500 h Pa锋区、700 h Pa低空急流和地面冷锋是此次过程的主要影响系统。(3)大风在不同阶段对扬沙起不同作用,在初期有利于扬沙的传输,后期对扬沙起抑制作用。(4)动量下传和变压风是大风形成和发展的直接原因,感热通量通过加强地面湍流形成混合层,从而引导动量下传是其间接原因,动量下传的重要机制是对流层高层高位涡的下传,过程风力最强时位涡高值区(≥2.0 PVU)由200 h Pa下传至520 h Pa。(5)扬沙的产生主要是冷平流和感热通量形成的热力不稳定共同作用的结果,变压风和动量下传大风是扬沙的输送机制,次级环流缺失和冷平流中心过低(750 h Pa)对沙尘输送高度的抑制作用是沙尘天气偏弱的主要原因。
