Salary often acts as the main incentive by managers to push employees to adjust their behaviors so as to realize organization′s goal. With the transfer from function-focused organization to process-focused organizati...Salary often acts as the main incentive by managers to push employees to adjust their behaviors so as to realize organization′s goal. With the transfer from function-focused organization to process-focused organization, the new relative salary system should be established at the same time. This article is intended to introduce an original salary system-process-focused salary system. After pointing out faults of traditional function-focused salary system, the article explains the design thoughts behind the new process-focused salary system, summaries its three styles: based-on-cost, based-on-quality and based-on-task; and at last defines its application scope.展开更多
In this paper, we study the optimal investment strategy of defined-contribution pension with the stochastic salary. The investor is allowed to invest in a risk-free asset and a risky asset whose price process follows ...In this paper, we study the optimal investment strategy of defined-contribution pension with the stochastic salary. The investor is allowed to invest in a risk-free asset and a risky asset whose price process follows a constant elasticity of variance model. The stochastic salary follows a stochastic differential equation, whose instantaneous volatility changes with the risky asset price all the time. The HJB equation associated with the optimal investment problem is established, and the explicit solution of the corresponding optimization problem for the CARA utility function is obtained by applying power transform and variable change technique. Finally, we present a numerical analysis.展开更多
Background: While public municipal hospitals in Japan are supported by public financing and are less likely to fail than private hospitals, more than half are in financial deficit. Hospitals running at a deficit may h...Background: While public municipal hospitals in Japan are supported by public financing and are less likely to fail than private hospitals, more than half are in financial deficit. Hospitals running at a deficit may have poorer outcomes and less investment in maintenance of human or physical capital, as well as increased rates of patient adverse events. We sought to clarify the relationship between municipal hospital surpluses or deficits and salary expenditures. Methods: We extracted financial data for 253 general hospitals of 300 beds or more from financial statements for the 2013 fiscal year available in the Yearbook of Public Firms, Edition for Hospital. From these data, we calculated account balance ratios and compared the average value of the ratio of labor to the output (salary ratio) for each group using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: The salary ratios of hospitals in the surplus group were significantly lower than the salary ratios of hospitals in the deficit group (55.5% vs. 49.4%;p p = 0.342). In the surplus group, the average value of salary ratios was different among the three-bed count groups (mean salary ratio: 53.0% vs. 48.5% vs. 47.4%;ANOVA p = 0.012). In addition, there was a significant difference in mean value between the 300-bed group and ≥500 beds group (mean salary ratio: 53.0% vs. 47.4%;p = 0.002). Conclusion: This study suggests that maintaining a favorable salary ratio to the current account balance is a useful proxy of fiscal health, and interventions to improve the salary ratio may be effective in improving municipal hospital management. Furthermore, among well-managed municipal hospitals, larger hospital size may confer some advantage in purchasing power.展开更多
Currently,there is a lot of discussion concerning about the salary problem of the senior managers of a business enterprise. How to determine the wage levels has already been the problem which should be urgently worked...Currently,there is a lot of discussion concerning about the salary problem of the senior managers of a business enterprise. How to determine the wage levels has already been the problem which should be urgently worked out. The establishment of the wage levels' standard should not only can attract and retain core talent,but also be able to be accepted by public thinking. Based on the considerations above,a reasonable pay system should be set up scientifically. In this paper,a point of view of the mathematical modeling has been taken in reasonable analysis of enterprises' pay system for a rational decision about the salary-level of the senior executives who according to the economic developing regulation should be made. The model founded in this paper reflects the reasonable distribution of the annual salary. On the other hand,individual contribution degree fully explains the rationality of the model.展开更多
The existing performance salary system has several grades in the same job title. When the number of workers qualified for promotion is more than the target,quantitative grading is usually adopted to determine salary p...The existing performance salary system has several grades in the same job title. When the number of workers qualified for promotion is more than the target,quantitative grading is usually adopted to determine salary promotion personnel. Scientific,fair and reasonable grading content and standard directly concern income and remuneration of scientific researchers,and also concern recognition and respect degree of contribution made by scientific researchers. Therefore,quantitative grading standard is of the utmost importance to keeping stability,arousing enthusiasm and creativity of scientific researchers,and promoting smooth development of scientific research. Achievements awarded,papers published and project research can reflect scientific research level,ability and working performance of agricultural scientific researchers. This paper takes these three items as examples,analyzes,discusses and compares the establishment and evaluation of quantitative grading standard. It states that " one yardstick" and " one vote veto system" should be adhered to when evaluating using the quantitative grading standard. It is expected to provide reference for organizations of the same trade in establishing quantitative grading standard and conducting evaluation.展开更多
This article aims to provide insights into of reform of college performance-related salary with starting at well-being of employees. It comes to the conclusion that it is of significance to reform college performance-...This article aims to provide insights into of reform of college performance-related salary with starting at well-being of employees. It comes to the conclusion that it is of significance to reform college performance-related salary system from sev- eral aspects. Encouraging employees＇ participation in reform of college performance-related salary,dealing with the relation between re-search and teaching properly,improving college performance-related salary system and deepening position management can make contribu- tion to quick and well development of college performance-related salary.展开更多
我国国家机关干部以及全民所有制(ownership by the people)的企事业单位职工,以及集体所有制(collective ownership)的工作人员,定时由工作单位领到的工资,英语称为 salary,因工种和职务有别外,基本上做到同工同酬(equal work for equa...我国国家机关干部以及全民所有制(ownership by the people)的企事业单位职工,以及集体所有制(collective ownership)的工作人员,定时由工作单位领到的工资,英语称为 salary,因工种和职务有别外,基本上做到同工同酬(equal work for equal pay)、除固定工资(fixed salary)之外,因地方的差价,政府还给固定职工一定的补贴(subsidy)。展开更多
Objective To explore the relationship between salary incentives for R&D personnel and R&D investment in China’s pharmaceutical industry through an empirical analysis so as to propose suggestions for increasin...Objective To explore the relationship between salary incentives for R&D personnel and R&D investment in China’s pharmaceutical industry through an empirical analysis so as to propose suggestions for increasing more R&D investment from the perspective of stimulating R&D personnel.Methods Based on the relevant data of the China’s pharmaceutical industry in the“China High-tech Industry Statistical Yearbook”and other data from the National Bureau of Statistics from 1995 to 2018,co-integration tests was used to construct error correction models and Granger causality tests to explore the relationship between R&D personnel salary incentives and R&D investment.Results and Conclusion There is a long-term balanced relationship between the salary level of R&D personnel in China’s pharmaceutical industry and the investment of R&D.For the per capita salary of R&D personnel increases by 1 unit,the internal expenditure of R&D investment will increase by 2.2451 units.In the short term,the per capita salary of R&D personnel has a slight negative impact on the internal expenditure of R&D investment.In addition,the salary incentives for R&D personnel have the most significant role in promoting R&D investment after five years of implementation.展开更多
China has a late start in personal income tax, and for many years through six times of revision, it still fails to really achieve the purpose of narrowing the gap between the rich and the poor and adjusting income dis...China has a late start in personal income tax, and for many years through six times of revision, it still fails to really achieve the purpose of narrowing the gap between the rich and the poor and adjusting income distribution. What follows is an analysis of personal adjustment tax income from the proportion of Gini coefficient, Engels coefficient and salaried class of personal income tax, and an explanation of problems and countermeasures of salaried class expense deduction standard, tax rate design, high-income crowd tax regulation.展开更多
Boosting incomes is one of the government＇s priorities in the current five-year plan MIGRANT worker Su ruifang has lived in Beijing for more than 10 years. She started out as a cleaner, but has since
基金The projectis supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China( 79870 0 6 0 ) and NationalSoft-Science project of the Ministry of Science and Technology( 990 37)
文摘Salary often acts as the main incentive by managers to push employees to adjust their behaviors so as to realize organization′s goal. With the transfer from function-focused organization to process-focused organization, the new relative salary system should be established at the same time. This article is intended to introduce an original salary system-process-focused salary system. After pointing out faults of traditional function-focused salary system, the article explains the design thoughts behind the new process-focused salary system, summaries its three styles: based-on-cost, based-on-quality and based-on-task; and at last defines its application scope.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin (07JCYBJC05200)the Young Scholar Program of Tianjin University of Finance and Economics (TJYQ201201)
文摘In this paper, we study the optimal investment strategy of defined-contribution pension with the stochastic salary. The investor is allowed to invest in a risk-free asset and a risky asset whose price process follows a constant elasticity of variance model. The stochastic salary follows a stochastic differential equation, whose instantaneous volatility changes with the risky asset price all the time. The HJB equation associated with the optimal investment problem is established, and the explicit solution of the corresponding optimization problem for the CARA utility function is obtained by applying power transform and variable change technique. Finally, we present a numerical analysis.
文摘Background: While public municipal hospitals in Japan are supported by public financing and are less likely to fail than private hospitals, more than half are in financial deficit. Hospitals running at a deficit may have poorer outcomes and less investment in maintenance of human or physical capital, as well as increased rates of patient adverse events. We sought to clarify the relationship between municipal hospital surpluses or deficits and salary expenditures. Methods: We extracted financial data for 253 general hospitals of 300 beds or more from financial statements for the 2013 fiscal year available in the Yearbook of Public Firms, Edition for Hospital. From these data, we calculated account balance ratios and compared the average value of the ratio of labor to the output (salary ratio) for each group using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: The salary ratios of hospitals in the surplus group were significantly lower than the salary ratios of hospitals in the deficit group (55.5% vs. 49.4%;p p = 0.342). In the surplus group, the average value of salary ratios was different among the three-bed count groups (mean salary ratio: 53.0% vs. 48.5% vs. 47.4%;ANOVA p = 0.012). In addition, there was a significant difference in mean value between the 300-bed group and ≥500 beds group (mean salary ratio: 53.0% vs. 47.4%;p = 0.002). Conclusion: This study suggests that maintaining a favorable salary ratio to the current account balance is a useful proxy of fiscal health, and interventions to improve the salary ratio may be effective in improving municipal hospital management. Furthermore, among well-managed municipal hospitals, larger hospital size may confer some advantage in purchasing power.
文摘Currently,there is a lot of discussion concerning about the salary problem of the senior managers of a business enterprise. How to determine the wage levels has already been the problem which should be urgently worked out. The establishment of the wage levels' standard should not only can attract and retain core talent,but also be able to be accepted by public thinking. Based on the considerations above,a reasonable pay system should be set up scientifically. In this paper,a point of view of the mathematical modeling has been taken in reasonable analysis of enterprises' pay system for a rational decision about the salary-level of the senior executives who according to the economic developing regulation should be made. The model founded in this paper reflects the reasonable distribution of the annual salary. On the other hand,individual contribution degree fully explains the rationality of the model.
文摘The existing performance salary system has several grades in the same job title. When the number of workers qualified for promotion is more than the target,quantitative grading is usually adopted to determine salary promotion personnel. Scientific,fair and reasonable grading content and standard directly concern income and remuneration of scientific researchers,and also concern recognition and respect degree of contribution made by scientific researchers. Therefore,quantitative grading standard is of the utmost importance to keeping stability,arousing enthusiasm and creativity of scientific researchers,and promoting smooth development of scientific research. Achievements awarded,papers published and project research can reflect scientific research level,ability and working performance of agricultural scientific researchers. This paper takes these three items as examples,analyzes,discusses and compares the establishment and evaluation of quantitative grading standard. It states that " one yardstick" and " one vote veto system" should be adhered to when evaluating using the quantitative grading standard. It is expected to provide reference for organizations of the same trade in establishing quantitative grading standard and conducting evaluation.
文摘This article aims to provide insights into of reform of college performance-related salary with starting at well-being of employees. It comes to the conclusion that it is of significance to reform college performance-related salary system from sev- eral aspects. Encouraging employees＇ participation in reform of college performance-related salary,dealing with the relation between re-search and teaching properly,improving college performance-related salary system and deepening position management can make contribu- tion to quick and well development of college performance-related salary.
文摘我国国家机关干部以及全民所有制(ownership by the people)的企事业单位职工,以及集体所有制(collective ownership)的工作人员,定时由工作单位领到的工资,英语称为 salary,因工种和职务有别外,基本上做到同工同酬(equal work for equal pay)、除固定工资(fixed salary)之外,因地方的差价,政府还给固定职工一定的补贴(subsidy)。
基金Research on Innovation and Development Strategy of Pharmaceutical Industry in Liaoning Province(No.2020lslktyb-095).
文摘Objective To explore the relationship between salary incentives for R&D personnel and R&D investment in China’s pharmaceutical industry through an empirical analysis so as to propose suggestions for increasing more R&D investment from the perspective of stimulating R&D personnel.Methods Based on the relevant data of the China’s pharmaceutical industry in the“China High-tech Industry Statistical Yearbook”and other data from the National Bureau of Statistics from 1995 to 2018,co-integration tests was used to construct error correction models and Granger causality tests to explore the relationship between R&D personnel salary incentives and R&D investment.Results and Conclusion There is a long-term balanced relationship between the salary level of R&D personnel in China’s pharmaceutical industry and the investment of R&D.For the per capita salary of R&D personnel increases by 1 unit,the internal expenditure of R&D investment will increase by 2.2451 units.In the short term,the per capita salary of R&D personnel has a slight negative impact on the internal expenditure of R&D investment.In addition,the salary incentives for R&D personnel have the most significant role in promoting R&D investment after five years of implementation.
文摘China has a late start in personal income tax, and for many years through six times of revision, it still fails to really achieve the purpose of narrowing the gap between the rich and the poor and adjusting income distribution. What follows is an analysis of personal adjustment tax income from the proportion of Gini coefficient, Engels coefficient and salaried class of personal income tax, and an explanation of problems and countermeasures of salaried class expense deduction standard, tax rate design, high-income crowd tax regulation.
文摘Boosting incomes is one of the government＇s priorities in the current five-year plan MIGRANT worker Su ruifang has lived in Beijing for more than 10 years. She started out as a cleaner, but has since
