This paper primarily concerns the effective coordination of the procedures and methods employed in open pit mining operations under the background of river management.The central objective of this study is to identify...This paper primarily concerns the effective coordination of the procedures and methods employed in open pit mining operations under the background of river management.The central objective of this study is to identify a viable approach for ensuring rational and efficient development of open pit mineral resources while simultaneously protecting and restoring the ecological environment of the river.This approach should facilitate the realization of a harmonious symbiosis between mining and river management.The intricate mutual influence relationship between river management and open pit mining is first analyzed in depth,which provides a solid foundation for the subsequent coordination strategy development.In light of the aforementioned considerations,a set of coordination procedures for open pit mining based on river management conditions is proposed.These procedures emphasize the integration of river protection into the overall layout of mining at the planning stage.The implementation of scientific mining schemes,accompanied by rigorous control of the scope and depth of mining operations,has proven to be an effective means of reducing the impact of mining activities on river environments.This approach has also facilitated the achievement of a balance and coordination between mining and river management.展开更多
The growing complexity of the competition among uses and the emerging understanding of the synergy effects within the catchments and the rivers have underlined the need for information on various aspects of water:prec...The growing complexity of the competition among uses and the emerging understanding of the synergy effects within the catchments and the rivers have underlined the need for information on various aspects of water:precipitations,discharges,velocities,and water depths are some of the basic characteristics that need to be studied for developing a management strategy that can identify and balance the various uses,ensure conservation of resources,and mitigate the potential effect of extreme events.At present,technical innovation provides the possibility to perform measurements on thefield,to produce the needed information,and to move to a new paradigm for the management of rivers.This study analyzes the concept of smart river management that emerged recently with the wide spread of Information Technologies(IT)solutions and develop-ment of a new generation of sensors based on internet of things architecture.The analysis demonstrates that a holistic approach is needed for efficient management of rivers.The use of Information and Communication Technologies solutions can provide a real added value,but important efforts must be engaged for identifying key activities in the various domains that can benefit from the digital transformation.At the same time,this study introduces the paradigm of a river information system that encompasses the various activities taking place around the rivers and ensures gradual integration of the various IT components in a consistent environment that provides support to the many users of rivers.To achieve this objective,the current situation requires formalization of a roadmap and the need to address the various activities in a systematic way.Within this long-term process,the digital twins concept represents a step toward the target water information system and has generated interest among professional communities.展开更多
This paper examines the ethical issues of water environment in the context of river management in practical engineering and technological applications.In particular,three important issues are discussed in this paper r...This paper examines the ethical issues of water environment in the context of river management in practical engineering and technological applications.In particular,three important issues are discussed in this paper referring to two actual engineering cases in ancient and modern China,that is,the construction of ancient Dujiangyan irrigation project in Sichuan,China,and the modern practice of integrated operation of flood control and pollution prevention in Huai River Basin.The three issues include how to consider the trade-offs between flood control and irrigation,how to balance flood control and contamination prevention related to sudden water pollution incident,and how to ensure the protection of water environments and ecology in rivers under the grand challenges of natural environmental changes and high-intensity human activities.Finally,this paper concludes by emphasizing the future development of water environmental ethics and its interdisciplinary integration with modern science&technology in smart river management in China.展开更多
The Kolong,a significant distributary of the mighty river Brahmaputra in Assam,India,has experienced significant human-induced alterations aimed basically for flood mitigation.This study investigates the socio-ecologi...The Kolong,a significant distributary of the mighty river Brahmaputra in Assam,India,has experienced significant human-induced alterations aimed basically for flood mitigation.This study investigates the socio-ecological impacts of the course change of the Kolong River done by the local people of Kahargaon village in Nagaon district of Assam,India.Employing a mixed-methods approach,the research integrates field observations,stakeholder interviews,community forums,and secondary data analysis to assess the river's dynamics and its effects on local livelihoods and ecosystems.The findings reveal that while flood mitigation efforts have provided immediate relief,they have also led to ecological degradation and disrupted traditional livelihoods,particularly those dependent on the river's natural flow.The left-out channel,once rich in biodiversity,now suffers from reduced water levels and a diminished riverine ecological niche,compelling communities to adapt through alternative agricultural practices and grazing.This study emphasizes the need for integrated management strategies that balance flood control with ecological preservation and livelihood sustainability.Thus,the study promotes community-based conservation initiatives,restoring natural flow patterns,and developing adaptive livelihood strategies.The insights gained so far contribute to the broader understanding of human–river interactions and offer valuable lessons for sustainable river management in similar contexts globally.展开更多
River water plays a key role in human health, and in social and economic development, and is often affected by both natural factors and human activities. An in-depth understanding of the role of these factors can help...River water plays a key role in human health, and in social and economic development, and is often affected by both natural factors and human activities. An in-depth understanding of the role of these factors can help in developing an effective catchment management strategy to protect precious water resources. This study analyzed river water quality, patterns of terrestrial and riparian ecosystems, intensity of agricultural activities, industrial structure, and spatial distribution of pollutant emissions in the Haihe River Basin in China for the year of 2010, identifying the variables that have the greatest impact on river water quality. The area percentage of farmland in study area, the percentage of natural vegetation cover in the 1000-m riparian zone, rural population density, industrial Gross Domestic Product(GDP)/km^2, and industrial amino nitrogen emissions were all significantly correlated with river water quality(P < 0.05). Farming had the largest impact on river water quality, explaining 43.0% of the water quality variance, followed by the coverage of natural vegetation in the 1000-m riparian zone, which explained 36.2% of the water quality variance. Industrial amino nitrogen emissions intensity and rural population density explained 31.6% and 31.4% of the water quality variance, respectively, while industrial GDP/km^2 explained 26.6%. Together, these five indicators explained 67.3% of the total variance in water quality. Consequently, water environmental management of the Haihe River Basin should focus on adjusting agricultural activities, conserving riparian vegetation, and reducing industrial pollutant emissions by optimizing industrial structure. The results demonstrate how human activities drive the spatial pattern changes of river water quality, and they can provide reference for developing land use guidelines and for prioritizing management practices to maintain stream water quality in a large river basin.展开更多
There are many problems and deficiencies in traditional bank protection methods,which cause certain damage to the ecological environment of river channels.Recently,the issues of river management,improving bank protect...There are many problems and deficiencies in traditional bank protection methods,which cause certain damage to the ecological environment of river channels.Recently,the issues of river management,improving bank protection technology,formulating reasonable construction measures,and ensuring the smooth and efficient implementation of construction have been receiving increasing attention.展开更多
River Nile is one of the longest transboundery rivers and it is shared and used by Burundi,Democratic Republic of Congo,Egypt,Ethiopia,Eritrea,Kenya,Rwanda,Sudan,Tanzania and Uganda.As of today,the Nile is a crucial r...River Nile is one of the longest transboundery rivers and it is shared and used by Burundi,Democratic Republic of Congo,Egypt,Ethiopia,Eritrea,Kenya,Rwanda,Sudan,Tanzania and Uganda.As of today,the Nile is a crucial resource for the economic development of the Nile Basin countries and a vital source of livelihood for 160 million inhabitants as well as 300 million people living in the 10 riparian countries.The Nile Basin Initiative(NBI) is one of the international cooperative river basin management program and regional partnership where all the Nile Basin countries except Eritrea unite to pursue long-term sustainable development,improved land use practices and management.This review therefore focused on the challenges not faced on NBI in terms of integrated use of the river and conducted analysis of strengths,weaknesses,opportunities and threats(SWOT) based on secondary data.The result of the review revealed that for decades,the Nile Basin people have been facing many complex environmental,social,economic and political challenges that have made it difficult for the proper management and sustainability of Nile water.The initiative provides training to develop skills in government ministries,non-governmental organizations and local communities in each country.It is also working to raise awareness of critical environmental issues by strengthening networks of environmental education practitioners;developing curriculum in the education sector.The challenges of NBI include the involvement and funding of World Bank,lack of sufficient staff,procedural and policies conflicts,lack of coordination and linkage with other regional institutions and lack of recognition as river basin organization.Considering the complex nature of the project,it is recommended that the NBI should come up with a strong multi-disciplinary monitoring and evaluation team to follow up all implemented projects.The NBI should carry out participatory land use planning in communities along the river basin.Moreover,livelihood analysis should be carried out especially in communities along the Nile to come up with poverty eradication projects which are socially acceptable,applicable,economically viable and affordable.展开更多
Basin settlements are social-ecological systems that embody human–land relationships in river basins and face the challenge of adaptive development.The traditional human–land relationship in the Loess Plateau of the...Basin settlements are social-ecological systems that embody human–land relationships in river basins and face the challenge of adaptive development.The traditional human–land relationship in the Loess Plateau of the Yellow River Basin has changed under the combined effects of human activities and natural disturbances.Traditional settlements face the challenge of balancing conservation,development,ecology,and livelihood.To clarify the long-time evolution process of settlements in this region,a framework of“population–production–ecology”coupled system in the Loess Plateau of the Yellow River Basin was proposed from the perspective of social-ecological systems.Based on long-term time-series data,the evolution of the regional human–land relationship and the coupling coordination degree of the system were identified.Further,based on the differences in the levels of systems,the adaptation of basin settlements to the external environment was analyzed using water resources as an example.The results showed that the coupling coordination degree within the basin had been decreasing,suggesting the disintegration of the dynamic mechanism of regional development.Moreover,the changes in the development pattern of basin settlements were more delayed compared with those in the basin environment.Overall,this study provides suggestions for the development of sustainable integrated river basin management strategies.展开更多
River basin is a special region with the characteristics of entireO, and relation, regionality and dlversity, gradation and network, openness and dissipation etc. It is an important unit that organizes and governs nat...River basin is a special region with the characteristics of entireO, and relation, regionality and dlversity, gradation and network, openness and dissipation etc. It is an important unit that organizes and governs national economy as well as a natural re, on. In river basin, all natural essential factors relate closely each other, and there is remarkable influence between inter-regions. In the process of developing river basin, the multiplex main interest body, the diverse interest demand and the multi-ways of interest realization constitute a complicated interest network, and result in various contradictions and conflicts. Therefore, egective regional interest coordination mechanism should be estabfished to coordinate various regional interest relations. They are the public interest realization mechanism, the fair interest assignment mechanism, the effective interest integration mechanism, the expedited interest expression mechanism and the reasonable interest compensative mechanism.展开更多
From the perspective of legislation, China's river basin management system has gone through four primary stages: starting, initial develop-ment, further development and continuous improvement. Looking forward to t...From the perspective of legislation, China's river basin management system has gone through four primary stages: starting, initial develop-ment, further development and continuous improvement. Looking forward to the future, the river basin management system in China will be further developed with special legislation for large rivers, a comprehensive management system, and emphasis on the responsibilities of local governments.展开更多
Integrated River Basin Management(IRBM)has been a long discussed way to sustainably manage water and land resources;yet,very few examples of effective IRBM are found because there is a lack of sufficient scientific su...Integrated River Basin Management(IRBM)has been a long discussed way to sustainably manage water and land resources;yet,very few examples of effective IRBM are found because there is a lack of sufficient scientific support,as well as institutional accommodation,to successfully implement it.This paper overviews the major challenges with IRBM,the promising scientific approaches for the implementation of IRBM,and the areas of needed research,with considerable issues and experiences from China.It is expected that novel research will draw together disparate disciplines into an integrated scientific framework,upon which better modeling tools,stakeholder involvement,and decision-making support can be built.Cutting-edge new technologies will bring ideas of IRBM forward to theory and finally to practice.The paper will prompt scientists to undertake research to fill in the gaps in the current IRBM knowledge base and provide practitioners guidance on how to incorporate scientifically based information within the IRBM decision process.展开更多
Like many river basins in China, water resources in the Fudong Pai River are almost fully allocated. This paper seeks to assess and evaluate water resource problems using water evaluation and planning (WEAP) model via...Like many river basins in China, water resources in the Fudong Pai River are almost fully allocated. This paper seeks to assess and evaluate water resource problems using water evaluation and planning (WEAP) model via its application to Hengshui Basin of Fudong Pai River. This model allows the simulation and analysis of various water allocation scenarios and, above all, scenarios of users' behavior. Water demand management is one of the options discussed in detail. Simulations are proposed for diverse climatic situations from dry years to normal years and results are discussed. Within the limits of data availability, it appears that most water users are not able to meet all their requirements from the river, and that even the ecological reserve will not be fully met during certain years. But the adoption of water demand management procedures offers opportunities for remedying this situation during normal hydrological years. However, it appears that demand management alone will not suffice during dry years. Nevertheless, the ease of use of the model and its user-friendly interfaces make it particularly useful for discussions and dialogue on water resources management among stakeholders.展开更多
The rapid urbanization of China is causing a burden on their water resources and hindering their sustainable development.This paper analyzes effective methods to integrated river basin management(IRBM)using Longgang R...The rapid urbanization of China is causing a burden on their water resources and hindering their sustainable development.This paper analyzes effective methods to integrated river basin management(IRBM)using Longgang River basin of Shenzhen as an example,which is the city with the fastest rate of urbanization in China and even the whole world.Over the past 20 years,China has undergone a population boom due to the increase of immigrant workers and rapid development of laborintensive industries,which led to the sharp increase of water consumption and sewage discharge.However,the construction of the water infrastructure is still lagging far behind the environmental and social development,with only 32.7%of sewage in the district being treated.Currently,every water quality indicator of the Longgang River basin was unable to meet the required corresponding environmental standards,which further aggravated the water shortages of the region.Thus,an analytical framework is proposed to address the IRBM of the study area.The problems with the current management system include the lack of decentralization in decision-making,lack of enforcement with redundant plans,weak management capacity,financial inadequacy,and a poor system of stakeholder participation.In light of the principles of IRBM and the situation of the region,corresponding measures are put forward,including an increase of power given to sub-district offices,fewer but more feasible plans,capacity building among stakeholders,a combination of planning and marketing for overcoming financial inadequacy,and profound reform in the public participation system.The framework and institutional suggestions could inform similar processes in other representative river basins.展开更多
This paper compares legal systems for water management in France and China, with a focus on integrated water resources management and regarding in particular the formulation of policies and their implemen- tation. The...This paper compares legal systems for water management in France and China, with a focus on integrated water resources management and regarding in particular the formulation of policies and their implemen- tation. The research shows that China has committed itself to the efficient management of water resources through the development of various policy tools during the current period. This commitment, however, has often been interrupted and distorted by politics, resulting in the neglect of socioeconomic and environmental priorities. France has developed a legislative framework and practical instruments to apply integrated water resources manage- ment at the river basin level since the 1960s. This experience and the current implementation of the European Water Framework Directive brings elements that can contribute to Chinese society meeting its water challenges.展开更多
We used the interdisciplinary model network REGFLUD to predict the actual mean nitrate concentration in percolation water at the scale of the Weser river basin （Germany） using an area differentiated （100 m × 1...We used the interdisciplinary model network REGFLUD to predict the actual mean nitrate concentration in percolation water at the scale of the Weser river basin （Germany） using an area differentiated （100 m × 100 m） approach. REGFLUD combines the agro-economic model RAUMIS for estimating nitrogen surpluses and the hydrological models GROWA/DENUZ for assessing the nitrate leaching from the soil. For areas showing predicted nitrate concentrations in percolation water above the European Union （EU） groundwater quality standard of 50 mg NO3-N/L, effective agri-environmental reduction measures need to be derived and implemented to improve groundwater and surface water quality by 2015. The effects of already implemented agricultural policy are quantified by a baseline scenario projecting the N-surpluses from agricultural sector to 2015. The REGFLUD model is used to estimate the effects of this scenario concerning groundwater and surface water pollution by nitrate. From the results of the model analysis the needs for additional measures can be derived in terms of required additional N-surplus reduction and in terms of regional prioritization of measures. Research work will therefore directly support the implementation of the Water Framework Directive of the European Union in the Weser basin.展开更多
文摘This paper primarily concerns the effective coordination of the procedures and methods employed in open pit mining operations under the background of river management.The central objective of this study is to identify a viable approach for ensuring rational and efficient development of open pit mineral resources while simultaneously protecting and restoring the ecological environment of the river.This approach should facilitate the realization of a harmonious symbiosis between mining and river management.The intricate mutual influence relationship between river management and open pit mining is first analyzed in depth,which provides a solid foundation for the subsequent coordination strategy development.In light of the aforementioned considerations,a set of coordination procedures for open pit mining based on river management conditions is proposed.These procedures emphasize the integration of river protection into the overall layout of mining at the planning stage.The implementation of scientific mining schemes,accompanied by rigorous control of the scope and depth of mining operations,has proven to be an effective means of reducing the impact of mining activities on river environments.This approach has also facilitated the achievement of a balance and coordination between mining and river management.
基金China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Grant/Award Number:WH0145B062022。
文摘The growing complexity of the competition among uses and the emerging understanding of the synergy effects within the catchments and the rivers have underlined the need for information on various aspects of water:precipitations,discharges,velocities,and water depths are some of the basic characteristics that need to be studied for developing a management strategy that can identify and balance the various uses,ensure conservation of resources,and mitigate the potential effect of extreme events.At present,technical innovation provides the possibility to perform measurements on thefield,to produce the needed information,and to move to a new paradigm for the management of rivers.This study analyzes the concept of smart river management that emerged recently with the wide spread of Information Technologies(IT)solutions and develop-ment of a new generation of sensors based on internet of things architecture.The analysis demonstrates that a holistic approach is needed for efficient management of rivers.The use of Information and Communication Technologies solutions can provide a real added value,but important efforts must be engaged for identifying key activities in the various domains that can benefit from the digital transformation.At the same time,this study introduces the paradigm of a river information system that encompasses the various activities taking place around the rivers and ensures gradual integration of the various IT components in a consistent environment that provides support to the many users of rivers.To achieve this objective,the current situation requires formalization of a roadmap and the need to address the various activities in a systematic way.Within this long-term process,the digital twins concept represents a step toward the target water information system and has generated interest among professional communities.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:U2340213Environmental Ethic Consult Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences。
文摘This paper examines the ethical issues of water environment in the context of river management in practical engineering and technological applications.In particular,three important issues are discussed in this paper referring to two actual engineering cases in ancient and modern China,that is,the construction of ancient Dujiangyan irrigation project in Sichuan,China,and the modern practice of integrated operation of flood control and pollution prevention in Huai River Basin.The three issues include how to consider the trade-offs between flood control and irrigation,how to balance flood control and contamination prevention related to sudden water pollution incident,and how to ensure the protection of water environments and ecology in rivers under the grand challenges of natural environmental changes and high-intensity human activities.Finally,this paper concludes by emphasizing the future development of water environmental ethics and its interdisciplinary integration with modern science&technology in smart river management in China.
文摘The Kolong,a significant distributary of the mighty river Brahmaputra in Assam,India,has experienced significant human-induced alterations aimed basically for flood mitigation.This study investigates the socio-ecological impacts of the course change of the Kolong River done by the local people of Kahargaon village in Nagaon district of Assam,India.Employing a mixed-methods approach,the research integrates field observations,stakeholder interviews,community forums,and secondary data analysis to assess the river's dynamics and its effects on local livelihoods and ecosystems.The findings reveal that while flood mitigation efforts have provided immediate relief,they have also led to ecological degradation and disrupted traditional livelihoods,particularly those dependent on the river's natural flow.The left-out channel,once rich in biodiversity,now suffers from reduced water levels and a diminished riverine ecological niche,compelling communities to adapt through alternative agricultural practices and grazing.This study emphasizes the need for integrated management strategies that balance flood control with ecological preservation and livelihood sustainability.Thus,the study promotes community-based conservation initiatives,restoring natural flow patterns,and developing adaptive livelihood strategies.The insights gained so far contribute to the broader understanding of human–river interactions and offer valuable lessons for sustainable river management in similar contexts globally.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41371538)Independent Project of State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.SKLURE2008-1-02)
文摘River water plays a key role in human health, and in social and economic development, and is often affected by both natural factors and human activities. An in-depth understanding of the role of these factors can help in developing an effective catchment management strategy to protect precious water resources. This study analyzed river water quality, patterns of terrestrial and riparian ecosystems, intensity of agricultural activities, industrial structure, and spatial distribution of pollutant emissions in the Haihe River Basin in China for the year of 2010, identifying the variables that have the greatest impact on river water quality. The area percentage of farmland in study area, the percentage of natural vegetation cover in the 1000-m riparian zone, rural population density, industrial Gross Domestic Product(GDP)/km^2, and industrial amino nitrogen emissions were all significantly correlated with river water quality(P < 0.05). Farming had the largest impact on river water quality, explaining 43.0% of the water quality variance, followed by the coverage of natural vegetation in the 1000-m riparian zone, which explained 36.2% of the water quality variance. Industrial amino nitrogen emissions intensity and rural population density explained 31.6% and 31.4% of the water quality variance, respectively, while industrial GDP/km^2 explained 26.6%. Together, these five indicators explained 67.3% of the total variance in water quality. Consequently, water environmental management of the Haihe River Basin should focus on adjusting agricultural activities, conserving riparian vegetation, and reducing industrial pollutant emissions by optimizing industrial structure. The results demonstrate how human activities drive the spatial pattern changes of river water quality, and they can provide reference for developing land use guidelines and for prioritizing management practices to maintain stream water quality in a large river basin.
文摘There are many problems and deficiencies in traditional bank protection methods,which cause certain damage to the ecological environment of river channels.Recently,the issues of river management,improving bank protection technology,formulating reasonable construction measures,and ensuring the smooth and efficient implementation of construction have been receiving increasing attention.
文摘River Nile is one of the longest transboundery rivers and it is shared and used by Burundi,Democratic Republic of Congo,Egypt,Ethiopia,Eritrea,Kenya,Rwanda,Sudan,Tanzania and Uganda.As of today,the Nile is a crucial resource for the economic development of the Nile Basin countries and a vital source of livelihood for 160 million inhabitants as well as 300 million people living in the 10 riparian countries.The Nile Basin Initiative(NBI) is one of the international cooperative river basin management program and regional partnership where all the Nile Basin countries except Eritrea unite to pursue long-term sustainable development,improved land use practices and management.This review therefore focused on the challenges not faced on NBI in terms of integrated use of the river and conducted analysis of strengths,weaknesses,opportunities and threats(SWOT) based on secondary data.The result of the review revealed that for decades,the Nile Basin people have been facing many complex environmental,social,economic and political challenges that have made it difficult for the proper management and sustainability of Nile water.The initiative provides training to develop skills in government ministries,non-governmental organizations and local communities in each country.It is also working to raise awareness of critical environmental issues by strengthening networks of environmental education practitioners;developing curriculum in the education sector.The challenges of NBI include the involvement and funding of World Bank,lack of sufficient staff,procedural and policies conflicts,lack of coordination and linkage with other regional institutions and lack of recognition as river basin organization.Considering the complex nature of the project,it is recommended that the NBI should come up with a strong multi-disciplinary monitoring and evaluation team to follow up all implemented projects.The NBI should carry out participatory land use planning in communities along the river basin.Moreover,livelihood analysis should be carried out especially in communities along the Nile to come up with poverty eradication projects which are socially acceptable,applicable,economically viable and affordable.
基金Key Project of the National Social Science Fund of China(Grant No.21AZD033)Key Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52130804).
文摘Basin settlements are social-ecological systems that embody human–land relationships in river basins and face the challenge of adaptive development.The traditional human–land relationship in the Loess Plateau of the Yellow River Basin has changed under the combined effects of human activities and natural disturbances.Traditional settlements face the challenge of balancing conservation,development,ecology,and livelihood.To clarify the long-time evolution process of settlements in this region,a framework of“population–production–ecology”coupled system in the Loess Plateau of the Yellow River Basin was proposed from the perspective of social-ecological systems.Based on long-term time-series data,the evolution of the regional human–land relationship and the coupling coordination degree of the system were identified.Further,based on the differences in the levels of systems,the adaptation of basin settlements to the external environment was analyzed using water resources as an example.The results showed that the coupling coordination degree within the basin had been decreasing,suggesting the disintegration of the dynamic mechanism of regional development.Moreover,the changes in the development pattern of basin settlements were more delayed compared with those in the basin environment.Overall,this study provides suggestions for the development of sustainable integrated river basin management strategies.
文摘River basin is a special region with the characteristics of entireO, and relation, regionality and dlversity, gradation and network, openness and dissipation etc. It is an important unit that organizes and governs national economy as well as a natural re, on. In river basin, all natural essential factors relate closely each other, and there is remarkable influence between inter-regions. In the process of developing river basin, the multiplex main interest body, the diverse interest demand and the multi-ways of interest realization constitute a complicated interest network, and result in various contradictions and conflicts. Therefore, egective regional interest coordination mechanism should be estabfished to coordinate various regional interest relations. They are the public interest realization mechanism, the fair interest assignment mechanism, the effective interest integration mechanism, the expedited interest expression mechanism and the reasonable interest compensative mechanism.
文摘From the perspective of legislation, China's river basin management system has gone through four primary stages: starting, initial develop-ment, further development and continuous improvement. Looking forward to the future, the river basin management system in China will be further developed with special legislation for large rivers, a comprehensive management system, and emphasis on the responsibilities of local governments.
基金supported by U.S.National Science Foundation(Grant No.CBET-0747276)
文摘Integrated River Basin Management(IRBM)has been a long discussed way to sustainably manage water and land resources;yet,very few examples of effective IRBM are found because there is a lack of sufficient scientific support,as well as institutional accommodation,to successfully implement it.This paper overviews the major challenges with IRBM,the promising scientific approaches for the implementation of IRBM,and the areas of needed research,with considerable issues and experiences from China.It is expected that novel research will draw together disparate disciplines into an integrated scientific framework,upon which better modeling tools,stakeholder involvement,and decision-making support can be built.Cutting-edge new technologies will bring ideas of IRBM forward to theory and finally to practice.The paper will prompt scientists to undertake research to fill in the gaps in the current IRBM knowledge base and provide practitioners guidance on how to incorporate scientifically based information within the IRBM decision process.
文摘Like many river basins in China, water resources in the Fudong Pai River are almost fully allocated. This paper seeks to assess and evaluate water resource problems using water evaluation and planning (WEAP) model via its application to Hengshui Basin of Fudong Pai River. This model allows the simulation and analysis of various water allocation scenarios and, above all, scenarios of users' behavior. Water demand management is one of the options discussed in detail. Simulations are proposed for diverse climatic situations from dry years to normal years and results are discussed. Within the limits of data availability, it appears that most water users are not able to meet all their requirements from the river, and that even the ecological reserve will not be fully met during certain years. But the adoption of water demand management procedures offers opportunities for remedying this situation during normal hydrological years. However, it appears that demand management alone will not suffice during dry years. Nevertheless, the ease of use of the model and its user-friendly interfaces make it particularly useful for discussions and dialogue on water resources management among stakeholders.
基金Longgang District Environmental Protection Bureau.
文摘The rapid urbanization of China is causing a burden on their water resources and hindering their sustainable development.This paper analyzes effective methods to integrated river basin management(IRBM)using Longgang River basin of Shenzhen as an example,which is the city with the fastest rate of urbanization in China and even the whole world.Over the past 20 years,China has undergone a population boom due to the increase of immigrant workers and rapid development of laborintensive industries,which led to the sharp increase of water consumption and sewage discharge.However,the construction of the water infrastructure is still lagging far behind the environmental and social development,with only 32.7%of sewage in the district being treated.Currently,every water quality indicator of the Longgang River basin was unable to meet the required corresponding environmental standards,which further aggravated the water shortages of the region.Thus,an analytical framework is proposed to address the IRBM of the study area.The problems with the current management system include the lack of decentralization in decision-making,lack of enforcement with redundant plans,weak management capacity,financial inadequacy,and a poor system of stakeholder participation.In light of the principles of IRBM and the situation of the region,corresponding measures are put forward,including an increase of power given to sub-district offices,fewer but more feasible plans,capacity building among stakeholders,a combination of planning and marketing for overcoming financial inadequacy,and profound reform in the public participation system.The framework and institutional suggestions could inform similar processes in other representative river basins.
文摘This paper compares legal systems for water management in France and China, with a focus on integrated water resources management and regarding in particular the formulation of policies and their implemen- tation. The research shows that China has committed itself to the efficient management of water resources through the development of various policy tools during the current period. This commitment, however, has often been interrupted and distorted by politics, resulting in the neglect of socioeconomic and environmental priorities. France has developed a legislative framework and practical instruments to apply integrated water resources manage- ment at the river basin level since the 1960s. This experience and the current implementation of the European Water Framework Directive brings elements that can contribute to Chinese society meeting its water challenges.
基金The research work presented in this article is carried out in the framework of the AGRUM Weser project which was funded on behalf of the German Federal Ministry of Food,Agriculture and Consumer protection (BMELV) and the River Basin Commission Weser (FGG).
文摘We used the interdisciplinary model network REGFLUD to predict the actual mean nitrate concentration in percolation water at the scale of the Weser river basin （Germany） using an area differentiated （100 m × 100 m） approach. REGFLUD combines the agro-economic model RAUMIS for estimating nitrogen surpluses and the hydrological models GROWA/DENUZ for assessing the nitrate leaching from the soil. For areas showing predicted nitrate concentrations in percolation water above the European Union （EU） groundwater quality standard of 50 mg NO3-N/L, effective agri-environmental reduction measures need to be derived and implemented to improve groundwater and surface water quality by 2015. The effects of already implemented agricultural policy are quantified by a baseline scenario projecting the N-surpluses from agricultural sector to 2015. The REGFLUD model is used to estimate the effects of this scenario concerning groundwater and surface water pollution by nitrate. From the results of the model analysis the needs for additional measures can be derived in terms of required additional N-surplus reduction and in terms of regional prioritization of measures. Research work will therefore directly support the implementation of the Water Framework Directive of the European Union in the Weser basin.
