In this paper we disscus the relative index for the Atiyah-Patodi-Singer type elliptic boundary value problems,as an application we give a new approach to the pairing between the relative K-homology and K-cohomology.
Information on the palaeoenvironm ent from Late Pleistocene to Holocen e in northwestern Yannan Plateau has been deduced from a study of a 28.81m-long core taken from Napahai Lake.The results from Relative Brightness ...Information on the palaeoenvironm ent from Late Pleistocene to Holocen e in northwestern Yannan Plateau has been deduced from a study of a 28.81m-long core taken from Napahai Lake.The results from Relative Brightness In-dex(RBI )as well as those from the lithological analyses of bulk sediments,total organic carbon and granulometric analy-ses have been used to reconstruct the environmental and climatic evoluti on of the area.The ages were provided by three 14 C datings.The record suggested a climate fluctuation between warm-dry a nd cool-wet from ca.57to 32ka B.P.,which led a shallowing and swamping of the l ake.The water level again increased quickly at ca.32ka B.P.,reached it’ s peak during LGM(Last Glacial Maximum,ca.18-20ka B.P.)and remained relative high until ca.15ka B.P.The high wa-ter level at LGM is attributed to cold-wet conditions.The area experienced an abrupt and unstable climatic ch anges dur-ing the transition period from15to 10ka B.P.with a dominated littoral en vironment.Awarm-dry climate led to the contrac-tion of the lake during the Holocene a nd reed-swamps became dominant.After a minor wet-cool pulse during the L ate Holocene,the modern climate became to be established.展开更多
On-time completion of road infrastructure projects is a critical goal.When projects were not completed on schedule and real construction progress is slower than expected,the inconvenience and disruption to business ac...On-time completion of road infrastructure projects is a critical goal.When projects were not completed on schedule and real construction progress is slower than expected,the inconvenience and disruption to business access increases.On time completion is linked to economic and social welfare,as well as safety.Construction delays continue to be a typical occurrence,despite the need of prompt completion.A literature study is conducted in this context in order to learn more about the causes and factors that contribute to delays.Following a thorough review of the literature,it was determined that a questionnaire survey is the most effective and trustworthy way for gathering information about the causes and quantifying delays caused by emergent factors.The Relative Importance Index(RII)method was used to analyze the data,and the reasons for the delay were prioritized according to their importance.This study focuses on the emergent concerns/causes and reasons of concern in road infrastructure projects,as well as how to priorities these issues sequentially during the planning stage.This study survey can assist construction companies doing business in India in understanding the essential or sensitive issues that require special attention in order to conduct their businesses smoothly in this country while employing appropriate project management practices.展开更多
The present study area,Dadra and Nagar Haveli,contains several lineaments and traces of active faults.The various aspect of the geomo rphic analysis,i.e.,stream length(SL) gradient,hypsometric integral(HI),basin shape...The present study area,Dadra and Nagar Haveli,contains several lineaments and traces of active faults.The various aspect of the geomo rphic analysis,i.e.,stream length(SL) gradient,hypsometric integral(HI),basin shape(BS),valley floor(VF),have been applied to evaluate the relative index of active tectonics(RIAT) of the Damanganga watershed.The high and low zones of tectonic activity have been identified based on the geomorphic analysis of the watershed.After evaluation of all indices,three classes,class IIhigh(1.3 ≤RIAT <1.5),class Ⅲ-moderate(1.5 ≤RIAT <1.8),and class Ⅳ-low(1.8 ≤RIAT),have been obtained to outline the degree/gradation of comparative tectonic activities in the study area.The appraised outcome of the RIAT dispersal is also well reinforced by the geomorphic evidence in the field.The collective outcomes of geomorphic evidence,such as stream deflection and analysis of lineament,deflection of streams,and geomorphic indices,conceal that the Damanganga watershed is affected by tectonic activity.展开更多
Understanding the active tectonic processes in the Nandakini Watershed is imperative for evaluating geological hazards and seismic risks,as well as for informing land-use planning and natural resource management strat...Understanding the active tectonic processes in the Nandakini Watershed is imperative for evaluating geological hazards and seismic risks,as well as for informing land-use planning and natural resource management strategies in the region.Tectonic geomorphology serves as a vital tool for characterizing recent tectonic movements.This research employs GIS techniques to elucidate tectonic activity and its influence on drainage patterns in the Nandakini Watershed,utilizing morphometric parameters derived from SRTM DEM data.Morphometric indices are employed to assess the tectonic movement within drainage basins,capturing both areal and linear factors such as drainage density,texture,circulatory and bifurcation ratios,and stream length ratios.The linear and areal morphometric indices are categorized into three classes representing varying degrees of active tectonic activity.These classifications are then utilized to compute the relative active tectonic index(IRAT).In addition,geomorphic parameters include hypsometric integral,stream length-gradient index,normalized steepness index,chi gradient index,and swath profiles.The majority of the studied region is in an extremely high to moderately active tectonic zone.Large-scale faults and thrusts within the basins are closely correlated with these zones that have been identified.The integrated methodology of GIS-based morphometric analysis and geomorphic study enables the identification of deformed landforms associated with ongoing tectonic activity.Furthermore,these results offer valuable insights for informing watershed management strategies and promoting sustainable land use planning initiatives.展开更多
Tectonically active areas,such as forearc regions,commonly show contrasting relief,differential tectonic uplift,variations in erosion rates,in river incision,and in channel gradient produced by ongoing tectonic deform...Tectonically active areas,such as forearc regions,commonly show contrasting relief,differential tectonic uplift,variations in erosion rates,in river incision,and in channel gradient produced by ongoing tectonic deformation.Thus,information on the tectonic activity of a defined area could be derived via landscape analysis.This study uses topography and geomorphic indices to extract signals of ongoing tectonic deformation along the Mexican subduction forearc within the Guerrero sector.For this purpose,we use field data,topographical data,knickpoints,the ratio of volume to area（Rva）.the stream-length gradient index（St）,and the normalized channel steepness index（k_（sn））.The results of the applied landscape analysis reveal considerable variations in relief,topography and geomorphic indices values along the Guerrero sector of the Mexican subduction zone.We argue that the reported differences are indicative of tectonic deformation and of variations in relative tectonic uplift along the studied forearc.A significant drop from central and eastern parts of the study area towards the west in values of R_（VA）（from ~500 to^300）,St（from ~500 to ca.400）,maximum St（from ~1500-2500 to ~ 1000） and k_（sn）（from ~150 to ~100） denotes a decrease in relative tectonic uplift in the same direction.We suggest that applied geomorphic indices values and forearc topography are independent of climate and lithology.Actual mechanisms responsible for the observed variations and inferred changes in relative forearc tectonic uplift call for further studies that explain the physical processes that control the forearc along strike uplift variations and that determine the rates of uplift.The proposed methodology and results obtained through this study could prove useful to scientists who study the geomorphology of forearc regions and active subduction zones.展开更多
Five molecular related indexes: MOL, SIM, d2, H0and PIC of 15 turbot parent pairs were estimated by using 10 SSR loci, which were used in correlation analysis with growth traits, DIL and DIW, of family filial from tho...Five molecular related indexes: MOL, SIM, d2, H0and PIC of 15 turbot parent pairs were estimated by using 10 SSR loci, which were used in correlation analysis with growth traits, DIL and DIW, of family filial from those 15 parent pairs.DIL and DIW were regressed on the MOL, SIM, d2, H0and PIC. Results showed MOL of five SSR loci(12, 17, 24, 81 and 85) and SIM of five loci(17, 21, 24, 81and 85) all shared significant positive correlation with DIL(r=0.482, P=0.035 and r=0.479, P=0.035, respectively); H0of six SSR loci(11, 17, 21, 24, 26 and 85) had significant positive correlation with DIW(r=0.551, P=0.017); PIC of two SSR loci(9and 26) had significant positive(r=0.519, P=0.024) correlation with DIL, while that and of four loci(17, 24, 27 and 85) had significant negative correlation(r=-0.519,P=0.024), with DIL. This present study suggested that filial growth expression could be predicted by using molecular related indexes in turbot breeding practice, and the accuracy of prediction depends on more SSR loci, especially associated with QTL.展开更多
In this paper,with the relative Morse index,we will study the existence of solutions of(1.1)under the assumptions that V satisfies some weaker conditions than those in[2].
The Cheng index distinguishes indica andjaponica rice based on six taxonomic traits.This index has been widely used for classifi- cation of indica and japonica varieties in China.In this study,a double haploid(DH)popu...The Cheng index distinguishes indica andjaponica rice based on six taxonomic traits.This index has been widely used for classifi- cation of indica and japonica varieties in China.In this study,a double haploid(DH)popula-tion derived from anther culture of ZYQ8/JX17 F,a typical inter-subspecies hybrid,was used to investigate the six taxonomictraits,i.e.leaf hairiness(LH),color of hullwhen heading(CHH),hairiness of hull(HH),length of the first and second panicle internode(LPI),length/width of grain(L/W),andphenol reaction(PH).The morphological in- dex(MI)was also calculated.Based on themolecular linkage map constructed from this展开更多
SCIENCE CITATION INDEX EXPANDED-NEUROSCIENCES-JOURNAL LIST Total journals： 245 1. ACS CHEMICAL NEUROSCIENCE Monthly ISSN： 1948-7193 AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, USA, DC, 20036 · Science Cita...SCIENCE CITATION INDEX EXPANDED-NEUROSCIENCES-JOURNAL LIST Total journals： 245 1. ACS CHEMICAL NEUROSCIENCE Monthly ISSN： 1948-7193 AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, USA, DC, 20036 · Science Citation Index Expanded · BIOSIS Previews展开更多
Urban heritage is a vital resource that connects communities to their local identity.Unplanned developments and rapid urbanisation often harm the authenticity of historic areas,disrupting the cultural fabric and alter...Urban heritage is a vital resource that connects communities to their local identity.Unplanned developments and rapid urbanisation often harm the authenticity of historic areas,disrupting the cultural fabric and altering their character.This study introduces the Relative Positive Impact Index(RPll),a novel technique for assessing the socio-cultural impacts of urban revitalisation.The significance of RPII lies in its ability to quantitatively evaluate the impacts on the cultural fabric and integrity of historic urban areas,which is crucial for sustainable urban development.The study's objective is to apply RPII in evaluating qualitative socio-cultural characteristics in historic urban areas,with a focus on four main criteria and 16 sub-criteria,in the case of the Kuttichira precinct.The methodology integrates the analysis of published literature,a quantitative survey mapping the stakeholders'perception,and qualitative insights.This approach facilitates an in-depth understanding of how urban revitalisation affects local socio-cultural dynamics,preserving the authenticity and character of historic areas.The study reveals that the revitalisation project in Kuttichira positively impacts the socio-cultural fabric of the area,maintaining cultural integrity and addressing social challenges.These findings offer valuable insights for sustainable urban development and policymaking in historic areas.The study recommends the application of RPll in other urban precincts for comparative analysis and further development of urban development practices,contributing to informed urban policy and planning decisions.展开更多
Modeling implied volatility(IV)is important for option pricing,hedging,and risk management.Previous studies of deterministic implied volatility functions(DIVFs)propose two parameters,moneyness and time to maturity,to ...Modeling implied volatility(IV)is important for option pricing,hedging,and risk management.Previous studies of deterministic implied volatility functions(DIVFs)propose two parameters,moneyness and time to maturity,to estimate implied volatility.Recent DIVF models have included factors such as a moving average ratio and relative bid-ask spread but fail to enhance modeling accuracy.The current study offers a generalized DIVF model by including a momentum indicator for the underlying asset using a relative strength index(RSI)covering multiple time resolutions as a factor,as momentum is often used by investors and speculators in their trading decisions,and in contrast to volatility,RSI can distinguish between bull and bear markets.To the best of our knowledge,prior studies have not included RSI as a predictive factor in modeling IV.Instead of using a simple linear regression as in previous studies,we use a machine learning regression algorithm,namely random forest,to model a nonlinear IV.Previous studies apply DVIF modeling to options on traditional financial assets,such as stock and foreign exchange markets.Here,we study options on the largest cryptocurrency,Bitcoin,which poses greater modeling challenges due to its extreme volatility and the fact that it is not as well studied as traditional financial assets.Recent Bitcoin option chain data were collected from a leading cryptocurrency option exchange over a four-month period for model development and validation.Our dataset includes short-maturity options with expiry in less than six days,as well as a full range of moneyness,both of which are often excluded in existing studies as prices for options with these characteristics are often highly volatile and pose challenges to model building.Our in-sample and out-sample results indicate that including our proposed momentum indicator significantly enhances the model’s accuracy in pricing options.The nonlinear machine learning random forest algorithm also performed better than a simple linear regression.Compared to prevailing option pricing models that employ stochastic variables,our DIVF model does not include stochastic factors but exhibits reasonably good performance.It is also easy to compute due to the availability of real-time RSIs.Our findings indicate our enhanced DIVF model offers significant improvements and may be an excellent alternative to existing option pricing models that are primarily stochastic in nature.展开更多
Background:This study compared the validity of the creatinine-to-cystatin C ratio(CCR),sarcopenia index(SI),and relative skeletalmuscle index(RSMI)as predictors of sarcopenia in patients with colorectal cancer(CRC)and...Background:This study compared the validity of the creatinine-to-cystatin C ratio(CCR),sarcopenia index(SI),and relative skeletalmuscle index(RSMI)as predictors of sarcopenia in patients with colorectal cancer(CRC)and explored their impact on the patient prognosis.Methods:We retrospectively studied patients with CRC who underwent surgical intervention at the Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery,situatedwithin the First Affiliated Hospital of GuangxiMedical University.The investigation spanned from January 2015 to December 2017,encompassing a cohort of patients subject to surgical management forCRC during this period.Pearson’s correlation analysis was employed to evaluate the relationships between the CCR,SI,RSMI,and skeletal muscle index(SMI)and the patient prognosis.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were generated to evaluate the predictive precision of these biomarkers and ascertain the optimal cutoff values.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to pinpoint the independent factors linked with sarcopenia.Survival analyses,contingent on different surrogate markers of muscle mass and sarcopenia,were performed utilizing the Kaplan-Meier method alongside the log-rank test.Results:Weenrolled 815 patientswithCRC(522 male and 293 female patients)whowere eligible for the analysis.In accordancewith the guidelines set forth by the International Consensus on Sarcopenia,sarcopenia was diagnosed in a collective total of 503 patients.A Pearson’s correlation coefficient(r)analysis demonstrated that the CCR,SI,and RSMI were positively correlated with the SMI.In both male and female patients,the RSMI(male:r=0.400,P<0.001;female:r=0.640,P<0.001)was more strongly correlated with the SMI than with the CCR(male:r=0.203,P<0.001;female:r=0.192,P<0.001)or SI(male:r=0.335,P<0.001;female:r=0.285,P<0.001).In male patients,the areas under the ROC curves(AUC)for the CCR,SI,and RSMI were 0.596[(95%confidence interval(CI)=0.545-0.647)],0.648(95%CI=0.599-0.698),and 0.681(95%CI=0.629-0.733),respectively.In female patients,the AUC for the CCR,SI,and RSMI were 0.615(95%CI=0.551-0.680),0.660(95%CI=0.598-0.722),and 0.772(95%CI=0.719-0.825),respectively.A multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the CCR remained an influential factor for sarcopenia after correcting for confounding[odds ratio(OR)=0.993,95%CI=0.986-1.000,P=0.038].The SI and RSMI also remained influential factors for sarcopenia after correcting for confounding factors(OR=0.983,95%CI=0.972-0.994,P=0.002;and OR=0.401,95%CI=0.320-0.502,P<0.001,respectively).The groups characterized by low CCR and SI demonstrated notably reduced overall survival compared with their counterparts with high CCR and SI(P=0.007 and P=0.001,respectively),whereas the RSMI and sarcopenia did not exhibit a significant correlation with survival(P=0.608 and P=0.062,respectively).Conclusions:The CCR,SI,and RSMI all have predictive value for sarcopenia in patients with CRC.TheRSMI was a better predictor of sarcopenia than either the CCR or SI in both male and female patientswith CRC.However,the RSMI did not have any significant value for predicting the prognosis of patients with CRC.Subsequent prospective investigations are warranted to elucidate a superiormarker or amalgamation thereof,capable of accurately prognosticating sarcopenia and the overall prognosis in individuals diagnosed with CRC.Such studies should aim to meticulously evaluate a comprehensive array of potential markers,considering their individual and collective predictive value in delineating the clinical trajectory of CRC patients.By conducting rigorous prospective analyses,researchers can strive to uncover novel insights into the complex interplay between sarcopenia and CRC outcomes,thereby facilitating the development of more precise prognostic models and tailored therapeutic approaches.展开更多
A flurry of studies indicates that population size has a positive effect on innovation,however,cross-country empirical evidence remains sparse.In this paper,we add to the literature by investigating the relationship b...A flurry of studies indicates that population size has a positive effect on innovation,however,cross-country empirical evidence remains sparse.In this paper,we add to the literature by investigating the relationship between population size and innovation efficiency at the country level through constructing three relative indexes based on the datasets of patent applications and Research and Development(R&D)investment.Different from previous studies based on absolute innovation indicators,the relative indexes can reflect the core innovation efficiency of economies by excluding the impact from the difference of economic development level,with a view putting all economies into a comparable standard framework.For all of the three relative indexes,their long-term trends show significant correlations with population size,and the economy with a larger population usually has better and stable performance on the trends of innovation efficiency.In addition,we find that there is a critical population size,over which the economy would be more likely to have a spontaneous improvement on innovation efficiency.This study provides direct evidence in supporting the population size advantage on the trends of innovation efficiency at the economy level and provides new insight to understand the rapid development of innovation in a few populous countries.展开更多
Based on urban-rural contrast coefficient,this article designs the agriculture relative development index(ARDI) as indicators measuring the intensity of urban-rural dual structure which is comparable among the countri...Based on urban-rural contrast coefficient,this article designs the agriculture relative development index(ARDI) as indicators measuring the intensity of urban-rural dual structure which is comparable among the countries of the world.This article calculates ARDI of 40 countries from 1980 to 2004.The result shows that ARDI in the developed countries and most of the middle-income countries are rising and yet there are declines in most of the low-income countries.The result also showed that most countries' ARDI will see a decline at the earlier stage of industrialization,so their dual economic structure will also aggravate and urban-rural gap will widen.With the economic development,the tendency will change and ARDI presents a U-shape change overall.The turning point is when a country becomes a middle-income one.展开更多
By analyzing the observed phenomena and the data collected in the study, a multi-compartment linear circulation model for targeting drug delivery system was developed and the function formulas of the drug concentratio...By analyzing the observed phenomena and the data collected in the study, a multi-compartment linear circulation model for targeting drug delivery system was developed and the function formulas of the drug concentration-time in blood and target organ by computing were figured out. The drug concentration-time curve for target organ can be plotted with reference to the data of drug concentration in blood according to the model. The pharmacokinetic parameters of the drug in target organ could also be obtained. The practicability of the model was further checked by the curves of drug concentration-time in blood and target organ(liver) of liver-targeting nanoparticles in animal tests. Based on the liver drug concentration-time curves calculated by the function formula of the drug in target organ, the pharmacokinetic behavior of the drug in target organ(liver) was analyzed by statistical moment, and its pharmacokinetic parameters in liver were obtained. It is suggested that the (relative targeting index( can be used for quantitative evaluation of the targeting drug delivery systems.展开更多
Human economic and social needs can be in conflict with ecosystem needs. Land development increases impervious surfaces causing significant negative impacts to aquatic ecosystems. Many impervious surface estimates are...Human economic and social needs can be in conflict with ecosystem needs. Land development increases impervious surfaces causing significant negative impacts to aquatic ecosystems. Many impervious surface estimates are derived from remote sensing data, developed by using different methods and often out of date. Remote sensing data is often at scales applicable to regional management, but not local planning decisions. To date, no standardized annual dataset of percent impervious surface exists for use at both local and watershed scales. Effective communication between natural resource managers and local planners has been lacking. One solution is to monitor percent impervious surface with a relative index rather than direct measure. A relative index model can use a currency, like foundation square feet per hectare, which is useful for all decision makers. One data source for developing a relative index of impervious surface is property tax data. These data document annual land development at local scale. Here, the author presents the use of Maryland property tax data to index land development and percent impervious surface.展开更多
Cross combinations from six rapeseed cultivars and lines were evaluated under waterlogging stress condition in order to understand the genetic mechanism of waterlogging tolerance of Brassica napus L.and provide reason...Cross combinations from six rapeseed cultivars and lines were evaluated under waterlogging stress condition in order to understand the genetic mechanism of waterlogging tolerance of Brassica napus L.and provide reasonable improvement programs.There were six germination traits investigated on combining ability and heritability using complete diallel crossing method designed for 30 combinations from those six cultivars and lines.The traits included relative root length,stem length,fresh weight per plant,survival rate,electrical conductivity,and vigor index.After flooding treatment,the six traits of parents and F1 were analyzed.The general combining ability（GCA） and special combining ability（SCA） of germination traits were analyzed using Griffing I method.Among 30 cross combinations,the GCA was significantly different among six waterlogging resistance traits.The SCA of these traits was significantly different except the SCA of electrical conductivity.As a representative trait of waterlogging tolerance in rapeseed,relative vigor index had the highest narrow heritability and relatively low broad heritability.The cultivars Zhongshuang 9 and P79 had higher tolerance potential to waterlogging stress.It can be concluded that combining ability and genetic effects of relative vigor index during germination stage could be used to identify the waterlogging tolerance of rapeseed in breeding program.展开更多
Objective Airborne microbial communities include a significant number of uncultured and poorly characterized bacteria.No effective method currently exists to evaluate the health risks of such complex bacterial populat...Objective Airborne microbial communities include a significant number of uncultured and poorly characterized bacteria.No effective method currently exists to evaluate the health risks of such complex bacterial populations,particularly for pneumonia.Methods We developed a method to evaluate risks from airborne microorganisms,guided by the principle that closer evolutionary relationships reflect similar biological characteristics,and thus used16 S rDNA sequences of 10 common pneumonia-related bacterial pathogens.We calculated a risk of breath-related(Rbr)index of airborne bacterial communities and verified effectiveness with artificial flora and a clinical project.Results We suggested applying Rbr80 to evaluate the health risks of airborne bacterial communities that comprise 80% of dominant operational taxonomic units(OTUs).The feasibility of Rbr80 was confirmed by artificial flora and by pneumonia data from a hospital.A high Rbr80 value indicated a high risk of pneumonia from airborne bacterial communities.Conclusion Rbr80 is an effective index to evaluate the pneumonia-associated risk from airborne bacteria.Values of Rbr80 greater than 15.40 are considered high risk.展开更多
文摘In this paper we disscus the relative index for the Atiyah-Patodi-Singer type elliptic boundary value problems,as an application we give a new approach to the pairing between the relative K-homology and K-cohomology.
文摘Information on the palaeoenvironm ent from Late Pleistocene to Holocen e in northwestern Yannan Plateau has been deduced from a study of a 28.81m-long core taken from Napahai Lake.The results from Relative Brightness In-dex(RBI )as well as those from the lithological analyses of bulk sediments,total organic carbon and granulometric analy-ses have been used to reconstruct the environmental and climatic evoluti on of the area.The ages were provided by three 14 C datings.The record suggested a climate fluctuation between warm-dry a nd cool-wet from ca.57to 32ka B.P.,which led a shallowing and swamping of the l ake.The water level again increased quickly at ca.32ka B.P.,reached it’ s peak during LGM(Last Glacial Maximum,ca.18-20ka B.P.)and remained relative high until ca.15ka B.P.The high wa-ter level at LGM is attributed to cold-wet conditions.The area experienced an abrupt and unstable climatic ch anges dur-ing the transition period from15to 10ka B.P.with a dominated littoral en vironment.Awarm-dry climate led to the contrac-tion of the lake during the Holocene a nd reed-swamps became dominant.After a minor wet-cool pulse during the L ate Holocene,the modern climate became to be established.
文摘On-time completion of road infrastructure projects is a critical goal.When projects were not completed on schedule and real construction progress is slower than expected,the inconvenience and disruption to business access increases.On time completion is linked to economic and social welfare,as well as safety.Construction delays continue to be a typical occurrence,despite the need of prompt completion.A literature study is conducted in this context in order to learn more about the causes and factors that contribute to delays.Following a thorough review of the literature,it was determined that a questionnaire survey is the most effective and trustworthy way for gathering information about the causes and quantifying delays caused by emergent factors.The Relative Importance Index(RII)method was used to analyze the data,and the reasons for the delay were prioritized according to their importance.This study focuses on the emergent concerns/causes and reasons of concern in road infrastructure projects,as well as how to priorities these issues sequentially during the planning stage.This study survey can assist construction companies doing business in India in understanding the essential or sensitive issues that require special attention in order to conduct their businesses smoothly in this country while employing appropriate project management practices.
基金DG ISR and DST (GoG) for providing required supportDMC Dadra and Nagar Haveli (DNH/1255) for providing financial support。
文摘The present study area,Dadra and Nagar Haveli,contains several lineaments and traces of active faults.The various aspect of the geomo rphic analysis,i.e.,stream length(SL) gradient,hypsometric integral(HI),basin shape(BS),valley floor(VF),have been applied to evaluate the relative index of active tectonics(RIAT) of the Damanganga watershed.The high and low zones of tectonic activity have been identified based on the geomorphic analysis of the watershed.After evaluation of all indices,three classes,class IIhigh(1.3 ≤RIAT <1.5),class Ⅲ-moderate(1.5 ≤RIAT <1.8),and class Ⅳ-low(1.8 ≤RIAT),have been obtained to outline the degree/gradation of comparative tectonic activities in the study area.The appraised outcome of the RIAT dispersal is also well reinforced by the geomorphic evidence in the field.The collective outcomes of geomorphic evidence,such as stream deflection and analysis of lineament,deflection of streams,and geomorphic indices,conceal that the Damanganga watershed is affected by tectonic activity.
文摘Understanding the active tectonic processes in the Nandakini Watershed is imperative for evaluating geological hazards and seismic risks,as well as for informing land-use planning and natural resource management strategies in the region.Tectonic geomorphology serves as a vital tool for characterizing recent tectonic movements.This research employs GIS techniques to elucidate tectonic activity and its influence on drainage patterns in the Nandakini Watershed,utilizing morphometric parameters derived from SRTM DEM data.Morphometric indices are employed to assess the tectonic movement within drainage basins,capturing both areal and linear factors such as drainage density,texture,circulatory and bifurcation ratios,and stream length ratios.The linear and areal morphometric indices are categorized into three classes representing varying degrees of active tectonic activity.These classifications are then utilized to compute the relative active tectonic index(IRAT).In addition,geomorphic parameters include hypsometric integral,stream length-gradient index,normalized steepness index,chi gradient index,and swath profiles.The majority of the studied region is in an extremely high to moderately active tectonic zone.Large-scale faults and thrusts within the basins are closely correlated with these zones that have been identified.The integrated methodology of GIS-based morphometric analysis and geomorphic study enables the identification of deformed landforms associated with ongoing tectonic activity.Furthermore,these results offer valuable insights for informing watershed management strategies and promoting sustainable land use planning initiatives.
基金funding provided by CONACYT-SEP Ciencia Basica(Grant No.129456):Active Tectonic Deformation along the Pacific Coast of Mexico and by the research grants PAPIIT IN110514 and DGAPA-PASPA 2015-2016a postdoctoral fellowship provided through the DGAPA-UNAM program
文摘Tectonically active areas,such as forearc regions,commonly show contrasting relief,differential tectonic uplift,variations in erosion rates,in river incision,and in channel gradient produced by ongoing tectonic deformation.Thus,information on the tectonic activity of a defined area could be derived via landscape analysis.This study uses topography and geomorphic indices to extract signals of ongoing tectonic deformation along the Mexican subduction forearc within the Guerrero sector.For this purpose,we use field data,topographical data,knickpoints,the ratio of volume to area（Rva）.the stream-length gradient index（St）,and the normalized channel steepness index（k_（sn））.The results of the applied landscape analysis reveal considerable variations in relief,topography and geomorphic indices values along the Guerrero sector of the Mexican subduction zone.We argue that the reported differences are indicative of tectonic deformation and of variations in relative tectonic uplift along the studied forearc.A significant drop from central and eastern parts of the study area towards the west in values of R_（VA）（from ~500 to^300）,St（from ~500 to ca.400）,maximum St（from ~1500-2500 to ~ 1000） and k_（sn）（from ~150 to ~100） denotes a decrease in relative tectonic uplift in the same direction.We suggest that applied geomorphic indices values and forearc topography are independent of climate and lithology.Actual mechanisms responsible for the observed variations and inferred changes in relative forearc tectonic uplift call for further studies that explain the physical processes that control the forearc along strike uplift variations and that determine the rates of uplift.The proposed methodology and results obtained through this study could prove useful to scientists who study the geomorphology of forearc regions and active subduction zones.
文摘Five molecular related indexes: MOL, SIM, d2, H0and PIC of 15 turbot parent pairs were estimated by using 10 SSR loci, which were used in correlation analysis with growth traits, DIL and DIW, of family filial from those 15 parent pairs.DIL and DIW were regressed on the MOL, SIM, d2, H0and PIC. Results showed MOL of five SSR loci(12, 17, 24, 81 and 85) and SIM of five loci(17, 21, 24, 81and 85) all shared significant positive correlation with DIL(r=0.482, P=0.035 and r=0.479, P=0.035, respectively); H0of six SSR loci(11, 17, 21, 24, 26 and 85) had significant positive correlation with DIW(r=0.551, P=0.017); PIC of two SSR loci(9and 26) had significant positive(r=0.519, P=0.024) correlation with DIL, while that and of four loci(17, 24, 27 and 85) had significant negative correlation(r=-0.519,P=0.024), with DIL. This present study suggested that filial growth expression could be predicted by using molecular related indexes in turbot breeding practice, and the accuracy of prediction depends on more SSR loci, especially associated with QTL.
基金Supported by DEU of Henan(Grant No.19A110011)and PSF of China(Grant No.188576).
文摘In this paper,with the relative Morse index,we will study the existence of solutions of(1.1)under the assumptions that V satisfies some weaker conditions than those in[2].
文摘The Cheng index distinguishes indica andjaponica rice based on six taxonomic traits.This index has been widely used for classifi- cation of indica and japonica varieties in China.In this study,a double haploid(DH)popula-tion derived from anther culture of ZYQ8/JX17 F,a typical inter-subspecies hybrid,was used to investigate the six taxonomictraits,i.e.leaf hairiness(LH),color of hullwhen heading(CHH),hairiness of hull(HH),length of the first and second panicle internode(LPI),length/width of grain(L/W),andphenol reaction(PH).The morphological in- dex(MI)was also calculated.Based on themolecular linkage map constructed from this
文摘SCIENCE CITATION INDEX EXPANDED-NEUROSCIENCES-JOURNAL LIST Total journals： 245 1. ACS CHEMICAL NEUROSCIENCE Monthly ISSN： 1948-7193 AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, USA, DC, 20036 · Science Citation Index Expanded · BIOSIS Previews
文摘Urban heritage is a vital resource that connects communities to their local identity.Unplanned developments and rapid urbanisation often harm the authenticity of historic areas,disrupting the cultural fabric and altering their character.This study introduces the Relative Positive Impact Index(RPll),a novel technique for assessing the socio-cultural impacts of urban revitalisation.The significance of RPII lies in its ability to quantitatively evaluate the impacts on the cultural fabric and integrity of historic urban areas,which is crucial for sustainable urban development.The study's objective is to apply RPII in evaluating qualitative socio-cultural characteristics in historic urban areas,with a focus on four main criteria and 16 sub-criteria,in the case of the Kuttichira precinct.The methodology integrates the analysis of published literature,a quantitative survey mapping the stakeholders'perception,and qualitative insights.This approach facilitates an in-depth understanding of how urban revitalisation affects local socio-cultural dynamics,preserving the authenticity and character of historic areas.The study reveals that the revitalisation project in Kuttichira positively impacts the socio-cultural fabric of the area,maintaining cultural integrity and addressing social challenges.These findings offer valuable insights for sustainable urban development and policymaking in historic areas.The study recommends the application of RPll in other urban precincts for comparative analysis and further development of urban development practices,contributing to informed urban policy and planning decisions.
文摘Modeling implied volatility(IV)is important for option pricing,hedging,and risk management.Previous studies of deterministic implied volatility functions(DIVFs)propose two parameters,moneyness and time to maturity,to estimate implied volatility.Recent DIVF models have included factors such as a moving average ratio and relative bid-ask spread but fail to enhance modeling accuracy.The current study offers a generalized DIVF model by including a momentum indicator for the underlying asset using a relative strength index(RSI)covering multiple time resolutions as a factor,as momentum is often used by investors and speculators in their trading decisions,and in contrast to volatility,RSI can distinguish between bull and bear markets.To the best of our knowledge,prior studies have not included RSI as a predictive factor in modeling IV.Instead of using a simple linear regression as in previous studies,we use a machine learning regression algorithm,namely random forest,to model a nonlinear IV.Previous studies apply DVIF modeling to options on traditional financial assets,such as stock and foreign exchange markets.Here,we study options on the largest cryptocurrency,Bitcoin,which poses greater modeling challenges due to its extreme volatility and the fact that it is not as well studied as traditional financial assets.Recent Bitcoin option chain data were collected from a leading cryptocurrency option exchange over a four-month period for model development and validation.Our dataset includes short-maturity options with expiry in less than six days,as well as a full range of moneyness,both of which are often excluded in existing studies as prices for options with these characteristics are often highly volatile and pose challenges to model building.Our in-sample and out-sample results indicate that including our proposed momentum indicator significantly enhances the model’s accuracy in pricing options.The nonlinear machine learning random forest algorithm also performed better than a simple linear regression.Compared to prevailing option pricing models that employ stochastic variables,our DIVF model does not include stochastic factors but exhibits reasonably good performance.It is also easy to compute due to the availability of real-time RSIs.Our findings indicate our enhanced DIVF model offers significant improvements and may be an excellent alternative to existing option pricing models that are primarily stochastic in nature.
基金supported by the Guangxi Medical and Health Appropriate Technology Development and Application Project(No.S2021095)Undergraduate Enrollment Project of Guangxi Medical University(No.S202410598186).
文摘Background:This study compared the validity of the creatinine-to-cystatin C ratio(CCR),sarcopenia index(SI),and relative skeletalmuscle index(RSMI)as predictors of sarcopenia in patients with colorectal cancer(CRC)and explored their impact on the patient prognosis.Methods:We retrospectively studied patients with CRC who underwent surgical intervention at the Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery,situatedwithin the First Affiliated Hospital of GuangxiMedical University.The investigation spanned from January 2015 to December 2017,encompassing a cohort of patients subject to surgical management forCRC during this period.Pearson’s correlation analysis was employed to evaluate the relationships between the CCR,SI,RSMI,and skeletal muscle index(SMI)and the patient prognosis.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were generated to evaluate the predictive precision of these biomarkers and ascertain the optimal cutoff values.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to pinpoint the independent factors linked with sarcopenia.Survival analyses,contingent on different surrogate markers of muscle mass and sarcopenia,were performed utilizing the Kaplan-Meier method alongside the log-rank test.Results:Weenrolled 815 patientswithCRC(522 male and 293 female patients)whowere eligible for the analysis.In accordancewith the guidelines set forth by the International Consensus on Sarcopenia,sarcopenia was diagnosed in a collective total of 503 patients.A Pearson’s correlation coefficient(r)analysis demonstrated that the CCR,SI,and RSMI were positively correlated with the SMI.In both male and female patients,the RSMI(male:r=0.400,P<0.001;female:r=0.640,P<0.001)was more strongly correlated with the SMI than with the CCR(male:r=0.203,P<0.001;female:r=0.192,P<0.001)or SI(male:r=0.335,P<0.001;female:r=0.285,P<0.001).In male patients,the areas under the ROC curves(AUC)for the CCR,SI,and RSMI were 0.596[(95%confidence interval(CI)=0.545-0.647)],0.648(95%CI=0.599-0.698),and 0.681(95%CI=0.629-0.733),respectively.In female patients,the AUC for the CCR,SI,and RSMI were 0.615(95%CI=0.551-0.680),0.660(95%CI=0.598-0.722),and 0.772(95%CI=0.719-0.825),respectively.A multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the CCR remained an influential factor for sarcopenia after correcting for confounding[odds ratio(OR)=0.993,95%CI=0.986-1.000,P=0.038].The SI and RSMI also remained influential factors for sarcopenia after correcting for confounding factors(OR=0.983,95%CI=0.972-0.994,P=0.002;and OR=0.401,95%CI=0.320-0.502,P<0.001,respectively).The groups characterized by low CCR and SI demonstrated notably reduced overall survival compared with their counterparts with high CCR and SI(P=0.007 and P=0.001,respectively),whereas the RSMI and sarcopenia did not exhibit a significant correlation with survival(P=0.608 and P=0.062,respectively).Conclusions:The CCR,SI,and RSMI all have predictive value for sarcopenia in patients with CRC.TheRSMI was a better predictor of sarcopenia than either the CCR or SI in both male and female patientswith CRC.However,the RSMI did not have any significant value for predicting the prognosis of patients with CRC.Subsequent prospective investigations are warranted to elucidate a superiormarker or amalgamation thereof,capable of accurately prognosticating sarcopenia and the overall prognosis in individuals diagnosed with CRC.Such studies should aim to meticulously evaluate a comprehensive array of potential markers,considering their individual and collective predictive value in delineating the clinical trajectory of CRC patients.By conducting rigorous prospective analyses,researchers can strive to uncover novel insights into the complex interplay between sarcopenia and CRC outcomes,thereby facilitating the development of more precise prognostic models and tailored therapeutic approaches.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62073112 and 61673151)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LGF18F030007).
文摘A flurry of studies indicates that population size has a positive effect on innovation,however,cross-country empirical evidence remains sparse.In this paper,we add to the literature by investigating the relationship between population size and innovation efficiency at the country level through constructing three relative indexes based on the datasets of patent applications and Research and Development(R&D)investment.Different from previous studies based on absolute innovation indicators,the relative indexes can reflect the core innovation efficiency of economies by excluding the impact from the difference of economic development level,with a view putting all economies into a comparable standard framework.For all of the three relative indexes,their long-term trends show significant correlations with population size,and the economy with a larger population usually has better and stable performance on the trends of innovation efficiency.In addition,we find that there is a critical population size,over which the economy would be more likely to have a spontaneous improvement on innovation efficiency.This study provides direct evidence in supporting the population size advantage on the trends of innovation efficiency at the economy level and provides new insight to understand the rapid development of innovation in a few populous countries.
基金Under the auspices of the Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 40635029)
文摘Based on urban-rural contrast coefficient,this article designs the agriculture relative development index(ARDI) as indicators measuring the intensity of urban-rural dual structure which is comparable among the countries of the world.This article calculates ARDI of 40 countries from 1980 to 2004.The result shows that ARDI in the developed countries and most of the middle-income countries are rising and yet there are declines in most of the low-income countries.The result also showed that most countries' ARDI will see a decline at the earlier stage of industrialization,so their dual economic structure will also aggravate and urban-rural gap will widen.With the economic development,the tendency will change and ARDI presents a U-shape change overall.The turning point is when a country becomes a middle-income one.
文摘By analyzing the observed phenomena and the data collected in the study, a multi-compartment linear circulation model for targeting drug delivery system was developed and the function formulas of the drug concentration-time in blood and target organ by computing were figured out. The drug concentration-time curve for target organ can be plotted with reference to the data of drug concentration in blood according to the model. The pharmacokinetic parameters of the drug in target organ could also be obtained. The practicability of the model was further checked by the curves of drug concentration-time in blood and target organ(liver) of liver-targeting nanoparticles in animal tests. Based on the liver drug concentration-time curves calculated by the function formula of the drug in target organ, the pharmacokinetic behavior of the drug in target organ(liver) was analyzed by statistical moment, and its pharmacokinetic parameters in liver were obtained. It is suggested that the (relative targeting index( can be used for quantitative evaluation of the targeting drug delivery systems.
文摘Human economic and social needs can be in conflict with ecosystem needs. Land development increases impervious surfaces causing significant negative impacts to aquatic ecosystems. Many impervious surface estimates are derived from remote sensing data, developed by using different methods and often out of date. Remote sensing data is often at scales applicable to regional management, but not local planning decisions. To date, no standardized annual dataset of percent impervious surface exists for use at both local and watershed scales. Effective communication between natural resource managers and local planners has been lacking. One solution is to monitor percent impervious surface with a relative index rather than direct measure. A relative index model can use a currency, like foundation square feet per hectare, which is useful for all decision makers. One data source for developing a relative index of impervious surface is property tax data. These data document annual land development at local scale. Here, the author presents the use of Maryland property tax data to index land development and percent impervious surface.
基金supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China (863 Program,2006AA10Z1C2)the Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the 10th Five-Year Plan period (2009BADA8B01,2110BAD01B09)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,China(2009CDA089)
文摘Cross combinations from six rapeseed cultivars and lines were evaluated under waterlogging stress condition in order to understand the genetic mechanism of waterlogging tolerance of Brassica napus L.and provide reasonable improvement programs.There were six germination traits investigated on combining ability and heritability using complete diallel crossing method designed for 30 combinations from those six cultivars and lines.The traits included relative root length,stem length,fresh weight per plant,survival rate,electrical conductivity,and vigor index.After flooding treatment,the six traits of parents and F1 were analyzed.The general combining ability（GCA） and special combining ability（SCA） of germination traits were analyzed using Griffing I method.Among 30 cross combinations,the GCA was significantly different among six waterlogging resistance traits.The SCA of these traits was significantly different except the SCA of electrical conductivity.As a representative trait of waterlogging tolerance in rapeseed,relative vigor index had the highest narrow heritability and relatively low broad heritability.The cultivars Zhongshuang 9 and P79 had higher tolerance potential to waterlogging stress.It can be concluded that combining ability and genetic effects of relative vigor index during germination stage could be used to identify the waterlogging tolerance of rapeseed in breeding program.
基金supported by the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Science[CIFMS,2018-I2M-1-001]the National Key R&D Program of China[2017YFC0702800]+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China[82070103]the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund[2016ZX310037]。
文摘Objective Airborne microbial communities include a significant number of uncultured and poorly characterized bacteria.No effective method currently exists to evaluate the health risks of such complex bacterial populations,particularly for pneumonia.Methods We developed a method to evaluate risks from airborne microorganisms,guided by the principle that closer evolutionary relationships reflect similar biological characteristics,and thus used16 S rDNA sequences of 10 common pneumonia-related bacterial pathogens.We calculated a risk of breath-related(Rbr)index of airborne bacterial communities and verified effectiveness with artificial flora and a clinical project.Results We suggested applying Rbr80 to evaluate the health risks of airborne bacterial communities that comprise 80% of dominant operational taxonomic units(OTUs).The feasibility of Rbr80 was confirmed by artificial flora and by pneumonia data from a hospital.A high Rbr80 value indicated a high risk of pneumonia from airborne bacterial communities.Conclusion Rbr80 is an effective index to evaluate the pneumonia-associated risk from airborne bacteria.Values of Rbr80 greater than 15.40 are considered high risk.
