To understand the complex dynamics of neural activity in the brain across various temporal and spatial scales,it is crucial to record intracortical multimodal neural activity by combining electrophysiological recordin...To understand the complex dynamics of neural activity in the brain across various temporal and spatial scales,it is crucial to record intracortical multimodal neural activity by combining electrophysiological recording and calcium imaging techniques.This poses significant constraints on the geometrical,mechanical,and optical properties of the electrodes.Here,transparent flexible graphene–ITO-based neural microelectrodes with small feature sizes are developed and validated for simultaneous electrophysiology recording and calcium imaging in the hippocampus of freely moving mice.A micro-etching technique and an oxygen plasma pre-treating method are introduced to facilitate large-area graphene transfer and establish stable low-impedance contacts between graphene and metals,leading to the batch production of high-quality microelectrodes with interconnect widths of 10μm and recording sites diameters of 20μm.These electrodes exhibit appropriate impedance and sufficient transparency in the field of view,enabling simultaneous recording of intracortical local field potentials and even action potentials along with calcium imaging in freely moving mice.Both types of electrophysiological signals are found to correlate with calcium activity.This proof-of-concept work demonstrates that transparent flexible graphene–ITO-based neural microelectrodes are promising tools for multimodal neuroscience research.展开更多
Personal video recorders (PVRs) have altered the way users consume television (TV) content by allowing users to record programs and watch them at their convenience, overcoming the constraints of live broadcasting. How...Personal video recorders (PVRs) have altered the way users consume television (TV) content by allowing users to record programs and watch them at their convenience, overcoming the constraints of live broadcasting. However, standalone PVRs are limited by their individual storage capacities, restricting the number of programs they can store. While online catch-up TV services such as Hulu and Netflix mitigate this limitation by offering on-demand access to broadcast programs shortly after their initial broadcast, they require substantial storage and network resources, leading to significant infrastructural costs for service providers. To address these challenges, we propose a collaborative TV content recording system that leverages distributed PVRs, combining their storage into a virtual shared pool without additional costs. Our system aims to support all concurrent playback requests without service interruption while ensuring program availability comparable to that of local devices. The main contributions of our proposed system are fourfold. First, by sharing storage and upload bandwidth among PVRs, our system significantly expands the overall recording capacity and enables simultaneous recording of multiple programs without the physical constraints of standalone devices. Second, by utilizing erasure coding efficiently, our system reduces the storage space required for each program, allowing more programs to be recorded compared to traditional replication. Third, we propose an adaptive redundancy scheme to control the degree of redundancy of each program based on its evolving playback demand, ensuring high-quality playback by providing sufficient bandwidth for popular programs. Finally, we introduce a contribution-based incentive policy that encourages PVRs to actively participate by contributing resources, while discouraging excessive consumption of the combined storage pool. Through extensive experiments, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed collaborative TV program recording system in terms of storage efficiency and performance.展开更多
Precise and long-term electroanalysis at the single-cell level is crucial for the accurate diagnosis and monitoring of brain diseases.The reliable protection in areas outside the signal acquisition points at sharp ult...Precise and long-term electroanalysis at the single-cell level is crucial for the accurate diagnosis and monitoring of brain diseases.The reliable protection in areas outside the signal acquisition points at sharp ultramicroelectrode(UME)tips has a significant impact on the sensitivity,fidelity,and stability of intracellular neural signal recording.However,it is difficult for existing UMEs to achieve controllable exposure of the tip functional structure,which affects their ability to resist environmental interference and shield noise,resulting in unsatisfactory signal-to-noise ratio and signal fidelity of intracellular recordings.To address this issue,we chose a dense and electrochemically stable diamond-like carbon(DLC)film as the UME protection coating and developed a method to precisely control the exposed degree of the functional structure by directly fixed-point processing of the UME tip by the strong site-selectivity and good controllability of the atmospheric microplasma jet.By analyzing the interaction between the microplasma jet and the UME tip,as well as the changes in the removal length and microstructure of UME tips with processing time,the exposed tip length was precisely controlled down to the submicron scale.Biocompatibility experiments,electrochemical aging tests and real-time intracellular pH recording experiments have demonstrated that the DLC-UME with effective tip protection processed by microplasma jet has the potential to enable long-term detection of intracellular high-fidelity signals.展开更多
Orthogonal matrices have become a vital means for coding and signal processing owing to their unique distributional properties.Although orthogonal matrices based on amplitude or phase combinations have been extensivel...Orthogonal matrices have become a vital means for coding and signal processing owing to their unique distributional properties.Although orthogonal matrices based on amplitude or phase combinations have been extensively explored,the orthogonal matrix of polarization combinations(OMPC)is a novel,relatively unexplored concept.Herein,we propose a method for constructing OMPCs of any dimension encompassing 4n(where n is 1,2,4,8,…)mutually orthogonal 2ncomponent polarization combinations.In the field of holography,the integration of polarization multiplexing techniques with polarization-sensitive materials is expected to emerge as a groundbreaking approach for multichannel hologram multiplexing,offering considerable enhancements in data storage capacity and security.A multidimensional OMPC enables the realization of multichannel multiplexing and dynamical modulation of information in polarization holographic recording.Despite consolidating all information into a single position within the material,we effectively avoided extraneous crosstalk during the reconstruction process.Our results show that achieving four distinct holographic images individually and simultaneously depends on the polarization combination represented by the incident wave.This discovery opens up a new avenue for achieving highly holographic information storage and dynamically displayed information,harnessing the potential of OMPC to expand the heretofore limited dimensionality of orthogonal polarization.展开更多
An advanced method for rapidly computing holograms of large three-dimensional(3D)objects combines backward ray tracing with adaptive resolution wavefront recording plane(WRP)and adaptive angular spectrum propagation.I...An advanced method for rapidly computing holograms of large three-dimensional(3D)objects combines backward ray tracing with adaptive resolution wavefront recording plane(WRP)and adaptive angular spectrum propagation.In the initial phase,a WRP with adjustable resolution and sampling interval based on the object’s size is defined to capture detailed information from large 3D objects.The second phase employs an adaptive angular spectrum method(ASM)to efficiently compute the propagation from the large-sized WRP to the small-sized computer-generated hologram(CGH).The computation process is accelerated using CUDA and OptiX.Optical experiments confirm that the algorithm can generate high-quality holograms with shadow and occlusion effects at a resolution of 1024×1024 in 29 ms.展开更多
A microelectrode array（MEA） is presented, which is composed of 60 independent electrodes with 59 working ones and one reference one, and they are divided into 30 pairs. Except for the reference electrode, each pair ...A microelectrode array（MEA） is presented, which is composed of 60 independent electrodes with 59 working ones and one reference one, and they are divided into 30 pairs. Except for the reference electrode, each pair consists of one stimulating electrode and one recording electrode. Supported by the peripheral circuits, four electrode states to study the bioelectrical signal of biological tissue or slice cultured in-vitro on the surface of the electrodes can be realized through each pair of electrodes. The four electrode states are stimulation, recording, stimulation and recording simultaneously, and isolation. The state of each pair of working electrodes can be arbitrarily controlled according to actual needs. The MEAs are fabricated in printed circuit board （PCB） technology. The total area of the PCB-based MEA is 49 mm × 49 mm. The impedance measurement of MEA is carried out in 0.9% sodium chloride solution at room temperature by means of 2-point measurements with an Agilent LCR meter, and the test signal for the impedance measurement is sinusoidal （AC voltage 50 mV, sweeping frequency 20 Hz to 10 kHz）. The electrode impedance is between 200 and 3 kΩ while the frequency is between 500 and 1 000 Hz. The electrode impedance magnitude is inversely proportional to the frequency. Experiments of toad sciatic nerve in-vitro stimulation and recording and signal regeneration between isolated toad sciatic nerves are carried out on the PCB-based MEA. The results show that the MEA can be used for bioelectrical signal stimulation, recording, stimulation and recording simultaneously, and isolation of biological tissues or slices in-vitro.展开更多
The authors used suspension cells of Populus euphratica to isolate protoplast in the present study. Protoplasts were successfully obtained after 4 hours incubation in enzyme solution containing 1 0% cellulase “o...The authors used suspension cells of Populus euphratica to isolate protoplast in the present study. Protoplasts were successfully obtained after 4 hours incubation in enzyme solution containing 1 0% cellulase “onozuka” R\|10, 0\^01% pectolyase Y\|23,0\^15% macerozyme R\|10 and 0\^1% hemicellulase at 25℃. Outward and inward single channels in plasma membrane were observed using cell\|attached recording of patch\|clamp technique. In this study, single channel records showed that more than one species of channel were obtained. These attempts in protoplast isolation and ion channel recording offers the opportunity to characterize cellular mechanisms of salt tolerance in tree species.展开更多
In this paper a fault location and recording system based on a computer network is presented. A brief description of the system structure and main features are given. Emphasis is placed on the accurate fault location ...In this paper a fault location and recording system based on a computer network is presented. A brief description of the system structure and main features are given. Emphasis is placed on the accurate fault location method for extra high voltage and long distance transmission lines.展开更多
Objective To re-confirm and characterize the biophysical and pharmacological properties of endogenously expressed human acid-sensing ion channel 1a （hASIC1a） current in HEK293 cells with a modified perfusion methods...Objective To re-confirm and characterize the biophysical and pharmacological properties of endogenously expressed human acid-sensing ion channel 1a （hASIC1a） current in HEK293 cells with a modified perfusion methods. Methods With cell floating method, which is separating the cultured cell from coverslip and putting the cell in front of perfusion tubing, whole cell patch clamp technique was used to record hASICla currents evoked by low pH external solution. Results Using cell floating method, the amplitude of hASICla currents activated by pH 5.0 in HEK293 cells is twice as large as that by the conventional method where the cells remain attached to coverslip. The time to reach peak at two different recording conditions is （21±5） ms and （270±25） ms, respectively. Inactivation time constants are （496±23） ms and （2284±120） ms, respectively. The cell floating method significantly increases the amiloride potency of block on hASIC 1 a [IC50 is （3.4± 1.1 ） μmol/L and （2.4± 0.9） μmol/L, respectively]. Both recording methods have similar pH activation ECs0 （6.6±0.6, 6.6±0.7, respectively）. Conclusion ASICs channel activation requires fast exchange of extracellular solution with the different pH values. With cell floating method, the presence of hASIC la current was re-confirmed and the biophysical and pharmacological properties of hASIC la channel in HEK293 cells was precisely characterized. This method could be used to study all ASICs and other ligand-gated channels that require fast extracellular solution exchange.展开更多
We report on new experimental results for below-diffraction-limited hybrid recording. In our experiments, by means of focused laser assisted magnetic recording, the magnetic domains within TbFeCo thin films are obtain...We report on new experimental results for below-diffraction-limited hybrid recording. In our experiments, by means of focused laser assisted magnetic recording, the magnetic domains within TbFeCo thin films are obtained under an external perpendicular direct magnetic field. For a single magnetic medium, the domain size is mainly determined by the focused spot, which is about 620 nm for the laser wavelength λ=406 nm, and a numerical aperture of the lens of 0.80. However, when a silicon thin film structure is inserted between the substrate and the magnetic medium, the recording domains can be reduced obviously. By optimizing the experimental condition, even the size can be reduced to about 100 nm, which is below the diffraction limit, i.e. about 1/6 of the spot size. This is very useful for improving the hybrid recording density in practical applications.展开更多
Local site conditions play an important role in the effective application of strong motion recordings.In the China National Strong Motion Observation Network System（NSMONS）,some of the stations do not provide boreho...Local site conditions play an important role in the effective application of strong motion recordings.In the China National Strong Motion Observation Network System（NSMONS）,some of the stations do not provide borehole information,and correspondingly,do not assign the site classes yet.In this paper,site classification methodologies for free-field strong motion stations are reviewed and the limitations and uncertainties of the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio（HVSR） methods are discussed.Then,a new method for site classification based on the entropy weight theory is proposed.The proposed method avoids the head or tail joggle phenomenon by providing the objective and subjective weights.The method was applied to aftershock recordings from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake,and 54 free-field NSMONS stations were selected for site classification and the mean HVSRs were calculated.The results show that the improved HVSR method proposed in this paper has a higher success rate and could be adopted in NSMONS.展开更多
Microneedle array(MNA)electrodes are an effective solution to achieve high-quality surface biopotential recording without the coordination of conductive gel and are thus very suitable for long-term wearable applicatio...Microneedle array(MNA)electrodes are an effective solution to achieve high-quality surface biopotential recording without the coordination of conductive gel and are thus very suitable for long-term wearable applications.Existing schemes are limited by flexibility,biosafety,and manufacturing costs,which create large barriers for wider applications.Here,we present a novel flexible MNA electrode that can simultaneously achieve flexibility of the substrate to fit a curved body surface,robustness of microneedles to penetrate the skin without fracture,and a simplified process to allow mass production.The compatibility with wearable wireless systems and the short preparation time of the electrodes significantly improves the comfort and convenience of electrophysiological recording.The normalized electrode–skin contact impedance reaches 0.98 kΩcm^(2)at 1 kHz and 1.50 kΩcm^(2)at 10 Hz,a record low value compared to previous reports and approximately 1/250 of the standard electrodes.The morphology,biosafety,and electrical/mechanical properties are fully characterized,and wearable recordings with a high signal-to-noise ratio and low motion artifacts are realized.The first reported clinical study of microneedle electrodes for surface electrophysiological monitoring was conducted in tens of healthy and sleep-disordered subjects with 44 nights of recording(over 8 h per night),providing substantial evidence that the electrodes can be leveraged to substitute for clinical standard electrodes.展开更多
DEAR EDITOR,The egg laying behavior of brood parasites is at the heart of studies on host co-evolution.Therefore,research on egg laying behavior can improve our understanding of brood parasitism and associated process...DEAR EDITOR,The egg laying behavior of brood parasites is at the heart of studies on host co-evolution.Therefore,research on egg laying behavior can improve our understanding of brood parasitism and associated processes.Over a seven year study period,we monitored 455 oriental reed warbler(Acrocephalus orientalis)nests during the egg laying period,250 of which were parasitized by common cuckoos(Cuculus canorus).We collected 53 clear videos of common cuckoo parasitism,analyzed all recorded parasitic behavior in detail.展开更多
On September 8, 2018, an M_S 5.9 earthquake struck Mojiang, a county in Yunnan Province, China. We collect near-field seismic recordings(epicentral distances less than 200 km) to relocate the mainshock and the aftersh...On September 8, 2018, an M_S 5.9 earthquake struck Mojiang, a county in Yunnan Province, China. We collect near-field seismic recordings(epicentral distances less than 200 km) to relocate the mainshock and the aftershocks within the first 60 hours to determine the focal mechanism solutions of the mainshock and some of the aftershocks and to invert for the finite-fault model of the mainshock.The focal mechanism solution of the mainshock and the relocation results of the aftershocks constrain the mainshock on a nearly vertical fault plane striking northeast and dipping to the southeast. The inversion of the finite-fault model reveals only a single slip asperity on the fault plane. The major slip is distributed above the initiation point, ～14 km wide along the down-dip direction and ～14 km long along the strike direction, with a maximal slip of ～22 cm at a depth of ～6 km. The focal mechanism solutions of the aftershocks show that most of the aftershocks are of the strike-slip type, a number of them are of the normal-slip type, and only a few of them are of the thrust-slip type.On average, strike-slip is dominant on the fault plane of the mainshock, as the focal mechanism solution of the mainshock suggests, but when examined in detail, slight thrust-slip appears on the southwest of the fault plane while an obvious part of normal-slip appears on the northeast, which is consistent with what the focal mechanism solutions of the aftershocks display. The multiple types of aftershock focal mechanism solutions and the slip details of the mainshock both suggest a complex tectonic setting, stress setting, or both. The intensity contours predicted exhibit a longer axis trending from northeast to southwest and a maximal intensity of Ⅷ around the epicenter and in the northwest.展开更多
The thickness of CoP thin films prepared by wet chemical deposition is of crucial importance on magnetic property and recording perform-ance. The coercivity of CoP films decreased with increasing film thickness. The c...The thickness of CoP thin films prepared by wet chemical deposition is of crucial importance on magnetic property and recording perform-ance. The coercivity of CoP films decreased with increasing film thickness. The coercivity was 45.37 kA m 1 at the thickness of 300 nm, and decreased to 21.65 kA m 1 at 5.7 μm. Recording performance tests indicate that, for drums with the same size, different recorded magnetic pole density have different thickness requirements. For 40 mm diameter magnetic drum, the optimal CoP thickness is 3～10 μm for 256 re-corded magnetic poles, 1～2 μm for 512 recorded magnetic poles, and 500～800 nm for 1024 recorded magnetic poles.展开更多
AIM： To record calcium and potassium currents in acutely isolated smooth muscle cells of mesenteric arterial branches in rats. METHODS： Smooth muscle cells were freshly isolated by collagenase digest and mechanical ...AIM： To record calcium and potassium currents in acutely isolated smooth muscle cells of mesenteric arterial branches in rats. METHODS： Smooth muscle cells were freshly isolated by collagenase digest and mechanical trituration with polished pipettes. Patch clamp technique in whole-cell mode was employed to record calcium and potassium currents. RESULTS： The procedure dissociated smooth muscle cells without impairing the electrophysiological characteristics of the cells. The voltage-gated Ca^2＋ and potassium currents were successfully recorded using whole-cell patch clamp configuration. CONCLUSION： The method dissociates smooth muscle cells from rat mesenteric arterial branches. Voltage-gated channel currents can be recorded in this preparation.展开更多
Determining the upper boundary of the cobalt-rich crust distribution of a guyot is important for estimating the mineral resources available, however, it has also long been an unsolved question. Correlations between th...Determining the upper boundary of the cobalt-rich crust distribution of a guyot is important for estimating the mineral resources available, however, it has also long been an unsolved question. Correlations between the sub-bottom structures, revealed by sub-bottom profiling, and crust distribution can be revealed for the first time by the synchronous application of sub-bottom profiling and deep-sea video recording. The lower boundary of the sediment corresponds with the upper boundary of the crust. By analysis of these two kinds of data, the lower boundary of the sediment can be determined; therefore, the upper boundary of the crust distribution can be deduced. According to this method of analysis, the upper boundary of water depth of crust distribution of a seamount in the western Pacific is about 1 560 m.展开更多
Three-point head fixation was constructed to provide mechanical stability for single unit recording(SUR)on vestibular sensory system in living chinchilla previously.However,it is no more qualified to this work when th...Three-point head fixation was constructed to provide mechanical stability for single unit recording(SUR)on vestibular sensory system in living chinchilla previously.However,it is no more qualified to this work when the stimulation intensity becomes large because of frequent unit losing and neuron damage,which strongly implies that the mechanical stability has been broken during the stimulation.Here,we constructed a novel hea0 fixation(skull cap assistant head fixation)provided by skull cap on the basis of three-point head fixation in order to improve the mechanical stability for SUR under the stimulation with large magnitude.The large area bone connection is the feature and advantage of this improved method,which directly fixes the tested local nervous tissue and microelectrode in an intact stable system through skull cap except two ear bars and a tube face mask.Our data exhibited that skull cap assistant head fixation could significantly improve the success rate of neural response activity recording in the population of semicircular canal neurons under the stimulation with large intensity(amplitudd 00 deg/s).Based on the analysis of neural response activity and noise base-line during stimulation,our data further indicated that this method could significantly improve the mechanical stability for SUR during high-speed motion stimulation on vestibular system in living chinchilla.Skull cap assistant head fixation extends the application of SUR on vestibular neuron in linear response range and provides a solid foundation for electrophysiological research on vestibular sensory system in fhrther studies.展开更多
Current practice uses predictive models to extrapolate long-period response spectra based on far-field recordings in moderate and weak earthquakes. However, the spectra are not long enough and the data are often not r...Current practice uses predictive models to extrapolate long-period response spectra based on far-field recordings in moderate and weak earthquakes. However, the spectra are not long enough and the data are often not reliable, which means that the seismic design code cannot accurately define seismic design requirements for long-period structures. The near-field recordings in the main-shock of the Chi-Chi earthquake have a large signal-to-noise ratio （SNR）, which makes them suitable for studying the long-period acceleration response spectrum up to 20 sec. The acceleration response spectra from 246 stations within 120 km of the causative fault are statistically analyzed in this paper. The influence of distance and site conditions on long-period response spectrum is discussed, and the shapes of the amplification spectra are compared with the standard spectra specified in the seismic design code of China. Finally, suggestions for future revisions to the code are proposed.展开更多
The advantages of read-only storage is the predominance of optical recording relative to magnetic and other rewritable methods. Multilevel （ML） read-only technology has been a trend to improve the data capacity and ...The advantages of read-only storage is the predominance of optical recording relative to magnetic and other rewritable methods. Multilevel （ML） read-only technology has been a trend to improve the data capacity and transfer rate. Based on the principle and coding method of ML, this paper demonstrates some ML read-only recording methods, of which a new ML read-only recording is developed. This recording method integrates amplitude modulation achieved by the reaction mechanism of physics and chemistry of photoresist with the run-length-limited technology. The discs can be achieved using standard photoresist mastering and replication techniques with great compatibility to conventional binary read-only discs.展开更多
基金support of the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFF1202303 and 2023YFF1203702)NSFC-Guangdong Joint Fund(U20A6005)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62071447)STI2030-Major Projects(2021ZD0200100)the Science and Technology Innovation Committee of Shenzhen Municipality(JCYJ20220818101611024).
文摘To understand the complex dynamics of neural activity in the brain across various temporal and spatial scales,it is crucial to record intracortical multimodal neural activity by combining electrophysiological recording and calcium imaging techniques.This poses significant constraints on the geometrical,mechanical,and optical properties of the electrodes.Here,transparent flexible graphene–ITO-based neural microelectrodes with small feature sizes are developed and validated for simultaneous electrophysiology recording and calcium imaging in the hippocampus of freely moving mice.A micro-etching technique and an oxygen plasma pre-treating method are introduced to facilitate large-area graphene transfer and establish stable low-impedance contacts between graphene and metals,leading to the batch production of high-quality microelectrodes with interconnect widths of 10μm and recording sites diameters of 20μm.These electrodes exhibit appropriate impedance and sufficient transparency in the field of view,enabling simultaneous recording of intracortical local field potentials and even action potentials along with calcium imaging in freely moving mice.Both types of electrophysiological signals are found to correlate with calcium activity.This proof-of-concept work demonstrates that transparent flexible graphene–ITO-based neural microelectrodes are promising tools for multimodal neuroscience research.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(Nos.2019R1A2C1002221 and RS-2023-00252186)Institute of Information&Communications Technology Planning&Evaluation(IITP)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(Nos.2021-0-00590,RS-2021-II210590Decentralized High Performance Consensus for Large-Scale Blockchains).
文摘Personal video recorders (PVRs) have altered the way users consume television (TV) content by allowing users to record programs and watch them at their convenience, overcoming the constraints of live broadcasting. However, standalone PVRs are limited by their individual storage capacities, restricting the number of programs they can store. While online catch-up TV services such as Hulu and Netflix mitigate this limitation by offering on-demand access to broadcast programs shortly after their initial broadcast, they require substantial storage and network resources, leading to significant infrastructural costs for service providers. To address these challenges, we propose a collaborative TV content recording system that leverages distributed PVRs, combining their storage into a virtual shared pool without additional costs. Our system aims to support all concurrent playback requests without service interruption while ensuring program availability comparable to that of local devices. The main contributions of our proposed system are fourfold. First, by sharing storage and upload bandwidth among PVRs, our system significantly expands the overall recording capacity and enables simultaneous recording of multiple programs without the physical constraints of standalone devices. Second, by utilizing erasure coding efficiently, our system reduces the storage space required for each program, allowing more programs to be recorded compared to traditional replication. Third, we propose an adaptive redundancy scheme to control the degree of redundancy of each program based on its evolving playback demand, ensuring high-quality playback by providing sufficient bandwidth for popular programs. Finally, we introduce a contribution-based incentive policy that encourages PVRs to actively participate by contributing resources, while discouraging excessive consumption of the combined storage pool. Through extensive experiments, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed collaborative TV program recording system in terms of storage efficiency and performance.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China under grant 2022YFF120301the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.XDA25040100,XDA25040200 and XDA25040300)+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42127807-03)Project supported by Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2021SHZDZX)Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research-Shanghai Jiao Tong University(No.21TQ1400203)the Oceanic Interdisciplinary Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University(No.SL2023ZD205)SJTU Trans-med Award(No.21X010301627).
文摘Precise and long-term electroanalysis at the single-cell level is crucial for the accurate diagnosis and monitoring of brain diseases.The reliable protection in areas outside the signal acquisition points at sharp ultramicroelectrode(UME)tips has a significant impact on the sensitivity,fidelity,and stability of intracellular neural signal recording.However,it is difficult for existing UMEs to achieve controllable exposure of the tip functional structure,which affects their ability to resist environmental interference and shield noise,resulting in unsatisfactory signal-to-noise ratio and signal fidelity of intracellular recordings.To address this issue,we chose a dense and electrochemically stable diamond-like carbon(DLC)film as the UME protection coating and developed a method to precisely control the exposed degree of the functional structure by directly fixed-point processing of the UME tip by the strong site-selectivity and good controllability of the atmospheric microplasma jet.By analyzing the interaction between the microplasma jet and the UME tip,as well as the changes in the removal length and microstructure of UME tips with processing time,the exposed tip length was precisely controlled down to the submicron scale.Biocompatibility experiments,electrochemical aging tests and real-time intracellular pH recording experiments have demonstrated that the DLC-UME with effective tip protection processed by microplasma jet has the potential to enable long-term detection of intracellular high-fidelity signals.
基金financial supports from National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFA0701800)Fujian Province Major Science and Technology Program(2020HZ01012)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(U22A2080)China Scholarship Council(202109107007).
文摘Orthogonal matrices have become a vital means for coding and signal processing owing to their unique distributional properties.Although orthogonal matrices based on amplitude or phase combinations have been extensively explored,the orthogonal matrix of polarization combinations(OMPC)is a novel,relatively unexplored concept.Herein,we propose a method for constructing OMPCs of any dimension encompassing 4n(where n is 1,2,4,8,…)mutually orthogonal 2ncomponent polarization combinations.In the field of holography,the integration of polarization multiplexing techniques with polarization-sensitive materials is expected to emerge as a groundbreaking approach for multichannel hologram multiplexing,offering considerable enhancements in data storage capacity and security.A multidimensional OMPC enables the realization of multichannel multiplexing and dynamical modulation of information in polarization holographic recording.Despite consolidating all information into a single position within the material,we effectively avoided extraneous crosstalk during the reconstruction process.Our results show that achieving four distinct holographic images individually and simultaneously depends on the polarization combination represented by the incident wave.This discovery opens up a new avenue for achieving highly holographic information storage and dynamically displayed information,harnessing the potential of OMPC to expand the heretofore limited dimensionality of orthogonal polarization.
基金Project supported by the Special Project of Central Government Guiding Local Science and Technology Development in Beijing 2020(Grant No.Z201100004320006).
文摘An advanced method for rapidly computing holograms of large three-dimensional(3D)objects combines backward ray tracing with adaptive resolution wavefront recording plane(WRP)and adaptive angular spectrum propagation.In the initial phase,a WRP with adjustable resolution and sampling interval based on the object’s size is defined to capture detailed information from large 3D objects.The second phase employs an adaptive angular spectrum method(ASM)to efficiently compute the propagation from the large-sized WRP to the small-sized computer-generated hologram(CGH).The computation process is accelerated using CUDA and OptiX.Optical experiments confirm that the algorithm can generate high-quality holograms with shadow and occlusion effects at a resolution of 1024×1024 in 29 ms.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 61076118, 90307013, 90707005)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No. BK2008032)Special Foundation and Open Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics of Southeast University
文摘A microelectrode array（MEA） is presented, which is composed of 60 independent electrodes with 59 working ones and one reference one, and they are divided into 30 pairs. Except for the reference electrode, each pair consists of one stimulating electrode and one recording electrode. Supported by the peripheral circuits, four electrode states to study the bioelectrical signal of biological tissue or slice cultured in-vitro on the surface of the electrodes can be realized through each pair of electrodes. The four electrode states are stimulation, recording, stimulation and recording simultaneously, and isolation. The state of each pair of working electrodes can be arbitrarily controlled according to actual needs. The MEAs are fabricated in printed circuit board （PCB） technology. The total area of the PCB-based MEA is 49 mm × 49 mm. The impedance measurement of MEA is carried out in 0.9% sodium chloride solution at room temperature by means of 2-point measurements with an Agilent LCR meter, and the test signal for the impedance measurement is sinusoidal （AC voltage 50 mV, sweeping frequency 20 Hz to 10 kHz）. The electrode impedance is between 200 and 3 kΩ while the frequency is between 500 and 1 000 Hz. The electrode impedance magnitude is inversely proportional to the frequency. Experiments of toad sciatic nerve in-vitro stimulation and recording and signal regeneration between isolated toad sciatic nerves are carried out on the PCB-based MEA. The results show that the MEA can be used for bioelectrical signal stimulation, recording, stimulation and recording simultaneously, and isolation of biological tissues or slices in-vitro.
文摘The authors used suspension cells of Populus euphratica to isolate protoplast in the present study. Protoplasts were successfully obtained after 4 hours incubation in enzyme solution containing 1 0% cellulase “onozuka” R\|10, 0\^01% pectolyase Y\|23,0\^15% macerozyme R\|10 and 0\^1% hemicellulase at 25℃. Outward and inward single channels in plasma membrane were observed using cell\|attached recording of patch\|clamp technique. In this study, single channel records showed that more than one species of channel were obtained. These attempts in protoplast isolation and ion channel recording offers the opportunity to characterize cellular mechanisms of salt tolerance in tree species.
文摘In this paper a fault location and recording system based on a computer network is presented. A brief description of the system structure and main features are given. Emphasis is placed on the accurate fault location method for extra high voltage and long distance transmission lines.
文摘Objective To re-confirm and characterize the biophysical and pharmacological properties of endogenously expressed human acid-sensing ion channel 1a （hASIC1a） current in HEK293 cells with a modified perfusion methods. Methods With cell floating method, which is separating the cultured cell from coverslip and putting the cell in front of perfusion tubing, whole cell patch clamp technique was used to record hASICla currents evoked by low pH external solution. Results Using cell floating method, the amplitude of hASICla currents activated by pH 5.0 in HEK293 cells is twice as large as that by the conventional method where the cells remain attached to coverslip. The time to reach peak at two different recording conditions is （21±5） ms and （270±25） ms, respectively. Inactivation time constants are （496±23） ms and （2284±120） ms, respectively. The cell floating method significantly increases the amiloride potency of block on hASIC 1 a [IC50 is （3.4± 1.1 ） μmol/L and （2.4± 0.9） μmol/L, respectively]. Both recording methods have similar pH activation ECs0 （6.6±0.6, 6.6±0.7, respectively）. Conclusion ASICs channel activation requires fast exchange of extracellular solution with the different pH values. With cell floating method, the presence of hASIC la current was re-confirmed and the biophysical and pharmacological properties of hASIC la channel in HEK293 cells was precisely characterized. This method could be used to study all ASICs and other ligand-gated channels that require fast extracellular solution exchange.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos 50772120 and 60490290)Funds of the Chinese Academy of Sciences for Key Topics in Innovation Engineering (Grant No KJCXZYW.NANO.06)the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No 2007CB935400)
文摘We report on new experimental results for below-diffraction-limited hybrid recording. In our experiments, by means of focused laser assisted magnetic recording, the magnetic domains within TbFeCo thin films are obtained under an external perpendicular direct magnetic field. For a single magnetic medium, the domain size is mainly determined by the focused spot, which is about 620 nm for the laser wavelength λ=406 nm, and a numerical aperture of the lens of 0.80. However, when a silicon thin film structure is inserted between the substrate and the magnetic medium, the recording domains can be reduced obviously. By optimizing the experimental condition, even the size can be reduced to about 100 nm, which is below the diffraction limit, i.e. about 1/6 of the spot size. This is very useful for improving the hybrid recording density in practical applications.
基金National Key Technology R&D Program Under Grant No.2009BAK55B05Nonprofit Industry Research Project of CEA Under Grant No.201108003Science Foundation of Institute of Engineering Mechanics,CEA Under Grant No.2010C01
文摘Local site conditions play an important role in the effective application of strong motion recordings.In the China National Strong Motion Observation Network System（NSMONS）,some of the stations do not provide borehole information,and correspondingly,do not assign the site classes yet.In this paper,site classification methodologies for free-field strong motion stations are reviewed and the limitations and uncertainties of the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio（HVSR） methods are discussed.Then,a new method for site classification based on the entropy weight theory is proposed.The proposed method avoids the head or tail joggle phenomenon by providing the objective and subjective weights.The method was applied to aftershock recordings from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake,and 54 free-field NSMONS stations were selected for site classification and the mean HVSRs were calculated.The results show that the improved HVSR method proposed in this paper has a higher success rate and could be adopted in NSMONS.
基金supported by the China Capital Health Research and Development of Special (No. 2018-14111)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant No. 62004007 and No. 82027805)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Grant (No. 2021M700258)
文摘Microneedle array(MNA)electrodes are an effective solution to achieve high-quality surface biopotential recording without the coordination of conductive gel and are thus very suitable for long-term wearable applications.Existing schemes are limited by flexibility,biosafety,and manufacturing costs,which create large barriers for wider applications.Here,we present a novel flexible MNA electrode that can simultaneously achieve flexibility of the substrate to fit a curved body surface,robustness of microneedles to penetrate the skin without fracture,and a simplified process to allow mass production.The compatibility with wearable wireless systems and the short preparation time of the electrodes significantly improves the comfort and convenience of electrophysiological recording.The normalized electrode–skin contact impedance reaches 0.98 kΩcm^(2)at 1 kHz and 1.50 kΩcm^(2)at 10 Hz,a record low value compared to previous reports and approximately 1/250 of the standard electrodes.The morphology,biosafety,and electrical/mechanical properties are fully characterized,and wearable recordings with a high signal-to-noise ratio and low motion artifacts are realized.The first reported clinical study of microneedle electrodes for surface electrophysiological monitoring was conducted in tens of healthy and sleep-disordered subjects with 44 nights of recording(over 8 h per night),providing substantial evidence that the electrodes can be leveraged to substitute for clinical standard electrodes.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31660617 and 31960105 to L.W.W.,31772453 and 31970427 to W.L.).L.W.W.was funded by the Initial Fund Key Laboratories of Guizhou Province(2011-4005)Joint Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Karst Science Research Center of Guizhou Province(U1812401)。
文摘DEAR EDITOR,The egg laying behavior of brood parasites is at the heart of studies on host co-evolution.Therefore,research on egg laying behavior can improve our understanding of brood parasitism and associated processes.Over a seven year study period,we monitored 455 oriental reed warbler(Acrocephalus orientalis)nests during the egg laying period,250 of which were parasitized by common cuckoos(Cuculus canorus).We collected 53 clear videos of common cuckoo parasitism,analyzed all recorded parasitic behavior in detail.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(project 41804088)the Special Fund of the Institute of Geophysics,China Earthquake Administration(project DQJB19B08)
文摘On September 8, 2018, an M_S 5.9 earthquake struck Mojiang, a county in Yunnan Province, China. We collect near-field seismic recordings(epicentral distances less than 200 km) to relocate the mainshock and the aftershocks within the first 60 hours to determine the focal mechanism solutions of the mainshock and some of the aftershocks and to invert for the finite-fault model of the mainshock.The focal mechanism solution of the mainshock and the relocation results of the aftershocks constrain the mainshock on a nearly vertical fault plane striking northeast and dipping to the southeast. The inversion of the finite-fault model reveals only a single slip asperity on the fault plane. The major slip is distributed above the initiation point, ～14 km wide along the down-dip direction and ～14 km long along the strike direction, with a maximal slip of ～22 cm at a depth of ～6 km. The focal mechanism solutions of the aftershocks show that most of the aftershocks are of the strike-slip type, a number of them are of the normal-slip type, and only a few of them are of the thrust-slip type.On average, strike-slip is dominant on the fault plane of the mainshock, as the focal mechanism solution of the mainshock suggests, but when examined in detail, slight thrust-slip appears on the southwest of the fault plane while an obvious part of normal-slip appears on the northeast, which is consistent with what the focal mechanism solutions of the aftershocks display. The multiple types of aftershock focal mechanism solutions and the slip details of the mainshock both suggest a complex tectonic setting, stress setting, or both. The intensity contours predicted exhibit a longer axis trending from northeast to southwest and a maximal intensity of Ⅷ around the epicenter and in the northwest.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51101013)Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(No. 20090006120013)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (FRF-TP-12-038A)
文摘The thickness of CoP thin films prepared by wet chemical deposition is of crucial importance on magnetic property and recording perform-ance. The coercivity of CoP films decreased with increasing film thickness. The coercivity was 45.37 kA m 1 at the thickness of 300 nm, and decreased to 21.65 kA m 1 at 5.7 μm. Recording performance tests indicate that, for drums with the same size, different recorded magnetic pole density have different thickness requirements. For 40 mm diameter magnetic drum, the optimal CoP thickness is 3～10 μm for 256 re-corded magnetic poles, 1～2 μm for 512 recorded magnetic poles, and 500～800 nm for 1024 recorded magnetic poles.
文摘AIM： To record calcium and potassium currents in acutely isolated smooth muscle cells of mesenteric arterial branches in rats. METHODS： Smooth muscle cells were freshly isolated by collagenase digest and mechanical trituration with polished pipettes. Patch clamp technique in whole-cell mode was employed to record calcium and potassium currents. RESULTS： The procedure dissociated smooth muscle cells without impairing the electrophysiological characteristics of the cells. The voltage-gated Ca^2＋ and potassium currents were successfully recorded using whole-cell patch clamp configuration. CONCLUSION： The method dissociates smooth muscle cells from rat mesenteric arterial branches. Voltage-gated channel currents can be recorded in this preparation.
文摘Determining the upper boundary of the cobalt-rich crust distribution of a guyot is important for estimating the mineral resources available, however, it has also long been an unsolved question. Correlations between the sub-bottom structures, revealed by sub-bottom profiling, and crust distribution can be revealed for the first time by the synchronous application of sub-bottom profiling and deep-sea video recording. The lower boundary of the sediment corresponds with the upper boundary of the crust. By analysis of these two kinds of data, the lower boundary of the sediment can be determined; therefore, the upper boundary of the crust distribution can be deduced. According to this method of analysis, the upper boundary of water depth of crust distribution of a seamount in the western Pacific is about 1 560 m.
文摘Three-point head fixation was constructed to provide mechanical stability for single unit recording(SUR)on vestibular sensory system in living chinchilla previously.However,it is no more qualified to this work when the stimulation intensity becomes large because of frequent unit losing and neuron damage,which strongly implies that the mechanical stability has been broken during the stimulation.Here,we constructed a novel hea0 fixation(skull cap assistant head fixation)provided by skull cap on the basis of three-point head fixation in order to improve the mechanical stability for SUR under the stimulation with large magnitude.The large area bone connection is the feature and advantage of this improved method,which directly fixes the tested local nervous tissue and microelectrode in an intact stable system through skull cap except two ear bars and a tube face mask.Our data exhibited that skull cap assistant head fixation could significantly improve the success rate of neural response activity recording in the population of semicircular canal neurons under the stimulation with large intensity(amplitudd 00 deg/s).Based on the analysis of neural response activity and noise base-line during stimulation,our data further indicated that this method could significantly improve the mechanical stability for SUR during high-speed motion stimulation on vestibular system in living chinchilla.Skull cap assistant head fixation extends the application of SUR on vestibular neuron in linear response range and provides a solid foundation for electrophysiological research on vestibular sensory system in fhrther studies.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China Under Grant No.40374017
文摘Current practice uses predictive models to extrapolate long-period response spectra based on far-field recordings in moderate and weak earthquakes. However, the spectra are not long enough and the data are often not reliable, which means that the seismic design code cannot accurately define seismic design requirements for long-period structures. The near-field recordings in the main-shock of the Chi-Chi earthquake have a large signal-to-noise ratio （SNR）, which makes them suitable for studying the long-period acceleration response spectrum up to 20 sec. The acceleration response spectra from 246 stations within 120 km of the causative fault are statistically analyzed in this paper. The influence of distance and site conditions on long-period response spectrum is discussed, and the shapes of the amplification spectra are compared with the standard spectra specified in the seismic design code of China. Finally, suggestions for future revisions to the code are proposed.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No 60577035）.
文摘The advantages of read-only storage is the predominance of optical recording relative to magnetic and other rewritable methods. Multilevel （ML） read-only technology has been a trend to improve the data capacity and transfer rate. Based on the principle and coding method of ML, this paper demonstrates some ML read-only recording methods, of which a new ML read-only recording is developed. This recording method integrates amplitude modulation achieved by the reaction mechanism of physics and chemistry of photoresist with the run-length-limited technology. The discs can be achieved using standard photoresist mastering and replication techniques with great compatibility to conventional binary read-only discs.
