Objective To discuss the problems existing in the compensation of Chinese clinical trial participants and propose some suggestions for improving their rights.Methods The literature related to the participants’right t...Objective To discuss the problems existing in the compensation of Chinese clinical trial participants and propose some suggestions for improving their rights.Methods The literature related to the participants’right to compensation at home and abroad was searched to study the inadequacy of the compensation right for clinical trial participants in China from four aspects:insurance system,principle of attribution,legal relationship and compensation regulations.Then,some suggestions to improve the participants’right to compensation were proposed.Results and Conclusion China lacks clear legal norms for participants’right to compensation.There are problems such as unclear insurance rules and compensation rules,unclear contractual relationships between parties to clinical trials,and no laws and regulations to rely on for attribution and compensation.China should issue regulatory guidelines related to the right to compensation of participants in clinical trials,so that all parties in clinical trials can have rules to follow if there is the occurrence of injury,which can better protect the rights and interests of the participants.展开更多
This current cross-sectional study investigates the relationship between thyroid hormones and peripheral artery disease （PAD） among euthyroid Chinese population aged 40 years and above. Serum free triiodothyronine ...This current cross-sectional study investigates the relationship between thyroid hormones and peripheral artery disease （PAD） among euthyroid Chinese population aged 40 years and above. Serum free triiodothyronine （FT3）, free thyroxin （FT4）, thyroid-stimulating hormone （TSH）, and thyroid antibodies were measured.展开更多
Quantum key distribution(QKD)-based quantum private query(QPQ) is a practical application of QKD, which relaxes the security condition of perfectly concealing a private query to a cheating-sensitive strategy. We propo...Quantum key distribution(QKD)-based quantum private query(QPQ) is a practical application of QKD, which relaxes the security condition of perfectly concealing a private query to a cheating-sensitive strategy. We propose a QPQ protocol based on the delegated QKD scheme(DQKD-based QPQ), in which two almost ‘classical' clients(data user and database owner) can establish a 1-out-of-N oblivious key with the help of a cloud server with full quantum ability. Concretely, the two classical participants in the DQKD-based QPQ only need to access the quantum channel and reorder qubits, and the costly quantum operations, quantum state preparation and measurement are outsourced to a full quantum server in the cloud without leaking participants' privacy. The proposed protocol not only provides a cloud-based framework of QKD-based QPQ, but also obtains better security by a real-time security check, which can protect the security of the database and user against all potential attacks even if the quantum server is assumed to be a powerfully untrusted adversary.展开更多
In order to satisfy the rapid changing requirements of customers, enterprises must cooperate with each other to form supply chain. The first and the most important stage in the forming of supply chain is the selection...In order to satisfy the rapid changing requirements of customers, enterprises must cooperate with each other to form supply chain. The first and the most important stage in the forming of supply chain is the selection of participants. The article proposes a two staged decision model to select partners. The first stage is the inter company comparison in each business process to select high efficiency candidate based on inside variables. The next stage is to analyse the combination of different candidates in order to select the most perfect partners according to a goal programming model.展开更多
The transport of dangerous goods always represents a potential risk to life,human health,property,and environmental protection.For this reason and in order to preserve the lives and health of the participants in the t...The transport of dangerous goods always represents a potential risk to life,human health,property,and environmental protection.For this reason and in order to preserve the lives and health of the participants in the transport process,adequate protection measures must be taken before,during,and after the transport of dangerous goods.Since the railway itself is a recipient of dangerous goods that are essential for its own operation,and is also a carrier of large quantities of various dangerous goods,these measures are of paramount importance.This paper examines,from a point of view of the protection of lives and health of the participants in the transport process and the safe transport of dangerous goods,the conditions of shipment and transport of dangerous goods,the obligations of the participants,and the essential ways for their proper handling.Proper application of safety at work prevents impromptu and indolent attitude in transporting dangerous goods,thus contributing to protection of people lives and health.Finally,this paper includes preventive measures and basic principles for implementation of safety at work in the transport of dangerous goods.展开更多
Research focuses on studying the economic impacts of 2014 Asian Basketball League in Ho Chi Minh City （hereinaiter referred as ABL 2014） with respect to direct expenditure of all types of participants, including org...Research focuses on studying the economic impacts of 2014 Asian Basketball League in Ho Chi Minh City （hereinaiter referred as ABL 2014） with respect to direct expenditure of all types of participants, including organizers, coaches/athletes, journalists/communicators, audiences, etc. Research was implemented with 920 subjects, including 48 members of the organizing committee, 56 coaches/athletes, 800 audiences and 16 members of journal and media teams.展开更多
Objective: Leisure-time is an important part of young people’s lives. One way to reduce social differences in health is to improve adolescents’ living conditions, for example by enhancing the quality of after-school...Objective: Leisure-time is an important part of young people’s lives. One way to reduce social differences in health is to improve adolescents’ living conditions, for example by enhancing the quality of after-school activities. Multicultural, socially deprived suburbs have less youth participation in organized leisure-time activities. This study explores who the participants are at two NGO-run youth-centers in multicultural, socially deprived suburbs in Sweden and whether socio-demographic, health-related, and leisure-time factors affect the targeted participation. Methods: The study can be seen as an explanatory mixed-methods study where qualitative data help explain initial quantitative results. The included data are a survey with youth (n = 207), seven individual interviews with staff, and six focus-groups interviews with young people at two youth-centers in two different cities. Results and Conclusions: The participants in the youth-centers are Swedish born youths having foreign-born parents who live with both parents, often in crowded apartments with many siblings. Moreover they feel healthy, enjoy school and have good contact with their parents. It seems that strategies for recruiting youths to youth-centers have a large impact on who participates. One way to succeed in having a more equal gender and ethnicity distribution is to offer youth activities that are a natural step forward from children’s activities. The youth-centers’ proximity is also of importance for participation, in these types of neighborhoods.展开更多
The majority of extant research studies have established that high school students’athletic participation is positively associated with several educational outcomes,including academic performance.However,the effect o...The majority of extant research studies have established that high school students’athletic participation is positively associated with several educational outcomes,including academic performance.However,the effect of long-term athletic participation on academic performance remains unclear.Using a longitudinal data of 220 students from a high school in eastern Massachusetts of the United States,this study has revealed that athletic participants in this school started with a statistically significant higher GPA than non-participants in the first year of study,and have continued to be higher in the following two years,lag behind significantly,however,in academic achievement growth from their nonparticipation counterparts.The results of the study call for thoughtful decision-making regarding sports programs and athletic policies,proper guidance and adequate support for athletes and an optimal sport-academic culture in American high schools.展开更多
This study presents an analytic overview of forty years of study of Western Marxism by Chinese scholars.Organised into four main sections,it begins with an emphasis on the wider institutional context of this Chinese r...This study presents an analytic overview of forty years of study of Western Marxism by Chinese scholars.Organised into four main sections,it begins with an emphasis on the wider institutional context of this Chinese research.Here,I deal with the beginnings of research on Western Marxism in China and outline the two main periods of this research,which turn on the important educational reforms of 2005.The next section focuses on the initial period of research on Western Marxism,from the early 1980s to the education reforms,which may be characterised in terms of the work of“wary onlookers”writing introductions and surveys of Western Marxist scholars.The following section covers the last two decades after the 2005 education reforms.This period is of most interest,so more attention is devoted to developments during this time.It has been a time of increasingly confident participants on the world stage,who focus on core issues,realistic demands,and problem-based research.The final section concerns assessments of the limitations of Western Marxism,which have been identified through the in-depth research of the second period.In conclusion,while Western Marxism may be seen as a legitimate development of Marxism in a capitalist context,it is a tributary from the mainstream.展开更多
This study, which took place around the Boumba-Bek National Park (BBNP) in Cameroon, was based on identifying and characterizing stakeholders in forest resources management, as well as determining the relationships be...This study, which took place around the Boumba-Bek National Park (BBNP) in Cameroon, was based on identifying and characterizing stakeholders in forest resources management, as well as determining the relationships between them, with the goal of encouraging collaborative forest resources management. Purposive sampling was adopted, in which focus group discussions, key informant interviews, semi-structured interviews, and snowball sampling were used for data collection. Focus group discussions were conducted with a total of 20 local associations involved in forest and wildlife management, Bantu traditional councils and the Baka community. Key informant interviews were conducted with local and international NGOs, forest exploitation and Sport hunting (Safari) enterprises and local public administrations that had working rapports with village communities around the BBNP. Information was generally sought on the role of stakeholders in forest management, in terms of use, protection, policy enforcement, challenges encountered in their activities and their relationships with other stakeholders. Actor linkage matrix was used to establish the relationships between different stakeholders. The identified stakeholder groups included the local community, State, international and local NGOs, economic operators (forest exploitation and sport hunting enterprises), and also the rules guiding their activities. Conflicts were rife between the community and the other stakeholders with regard to resource accessibility and use, whereas intra-community conflicts mostly resulted from cases of corruption and embezzlement linked to benefits sharing. Cases of collaboration among all the stakeholders were mostly related to anti-poaching patrols and setting of forest concession limits. There is a need to bring all stakeholders on the same platform, such as in a consultation workshop, to get their perceptions on building trust, conflict resolution and genuine collaboration in resources management.展开更多
This study examines the current state of merchants’participation in e-commerce marketing within the context of the digital economy,focusing on merchants in Lagos,Nigeria.It explores the impact of behavioral attitudes...This study examines the current state of merchants’participation in e-commerce marketing within the context of the digital economy,focusing on merchants in Lagos,Nigeria.It explores the impact of behavioral attitudes,subjective norms,perceived behavioral control,and traditional transaction costs on their willingness to engage in e-commerce marketing.Grounded in the Theory of Planned Behavior(TPB)and employing a questionnaire survey,the study utilizes SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 22.0 for data analysis.The findings confirm the significant positive effects of behavioral attitudes,subjective norms,and perceived behavioral control on merchants’willingness,as well as the significant negative effect of traditional transaction costs.The results indicate that the advancement of digital economy policies has lowered participation barriers for merchants,with factors such as behavioral attitudes,social support,and digital skills playing crucial roles in decision-making.This paper recommends enhancing the usability of e-commerce platforms,improving infrastructure,and optimizing policy support.These suggestions provide theoretical insights and practical guidance for promoting Nigeria’s digital economy and advancing research on merchants’e-commerce behavior.展开更多
Objective: To analyze the clinical effects of the patient participation health model in the health management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: A total of 124 patients with type 2 diabetes admitted to the hospital...Objective: To analyze the clinical effects of the patient participation health model in the health management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: A total of 124 patients with type 2 diabetes admitted to the hospital from June 2023 to June 2024 were randomly assigned to either the control group (64 patients) or the intervention group (60 patients). Patients in the control group received routine health management, while those in the intervention group were managed using a patient-participation health model with progressive, stage-based interventions. Outcomes were assessed based on blood glucose control, disease awareness, and self-management behaviors. Adverse reactions during health management were closely monitored in both groups. Results: Patients in the intervention group showed significantly better outcomes in blood glucose control, disease awareness, and self-management behaviors compared to the control group. Conclusion: The patient participation health model demonstrated significant clinical value, effectively enhancing self-management abilities, improving glycemic control, and increasing disease awareness. This model is recommended for widespread adoption in the health management of type 2 diabetes to achieve better therapeutic outcomes and improve patient quality of life.展开更多
Introduction In China, it is not uncommon for students to be treated as passive recipients in class. They are trained in this way from primary school. So by the time they enter college, not only are they accustomed to...Introduction In China, it is not uncommon for students to be treated as passive recipients in class. They are trained in this way from primary school. So by the time they enter college, not only are they accustomed to the role of submissive student following the lead of a dominant teacher, but they also quite welcome it, for they don’t have to take any initiative in class, they just wait to be filled with knowledge. Students’ hesitancy to participate actively in class comes not just from students themselves but also from some teachers, who stick to the force-feeding method because it is an easy way for them to conduct a class. So I started to try and change this situation. I designed a teaching plan in which I used different techniques to provide the students with lots of opportunities to be active participants in class. Some of the techniques used are described below.展开更多
Maintaining participants in a trial ultimately without dropout helps keep a study on track,saving time,money,and resources.Since 2015,extensive bioequivalence(BE)studies have been carried out in China,while no researc...Maintaining participants in a trial ultimately without dropout helps keep a study on track,saving time,money,and resources.Since 2015,extensive bioequivalence(BE)studies have been carried out in China,while no research about dropout in healthy volunteers has been reported yet.In this retrospective study,1078 healthy volunteers participating in 18 BE studies from March 2016 to February 2019 in one Chinese hospital were included.Information about the healthy participants and BE studies was recorded for analysis.In terms of the dropout reason,poor compliance,adverse event(AE),and loss of follow-up were found to be the three leading causes of dropout,accounting for 78.7%of all dropouts.In terms of associated factors with active dropout,smoking habit(OR=5.790,P<0.001)was significantly associated with increased risk of active dropout,while older age(OR=0.940,P=0.042)and AE except for SAE(OR=0.321,P=0.004)were significantly associated with a decreased risk of active dropout.Strengthening the education on younger participants and participants with a smoking habit,as well as emphasizing the possible adverse reactions and potential risks,might be strategies to reduce active dropout in healthy participants.展开更多
Federated learning is an important distributed model training technique in Internet of Things(IoT),in which participant selection is a key component that plays a role in improving training efficiency and model accurac...Federated learning is an important distributed model training technique in Internet of Things(IoT),in which participant selection is a key component that plays a role in improving training efficiency and model accuracy.This module enables a central server to select a subset of participants to performmodel training based on data and device information.By doing so,selected participants are rewarded and actively perform model training,while participants that are detrimental to training efficiency and model accuracy are excluded.However,in practice,participants may suspect that the central server may have miscalculated and thus not made the selection honestly.This lack of trustworthiness problem,which can demotivate participants,has received little attention.Another problem that has received little attention is the leakage of participants’private information during the selection process.We will therefore propose a federated learning framework with auditable participant selection.It supports smart contracts in selecting a set of suitable participants based on their training loss without compromising the privacy.Considering the possibility of malicious campaigning and impersonation of participants,the framework employs commitment schemes and zero-knowledge proofs to counteract these malicious behaviors.Finally,we analyze the security of the framework and conduct a series of experiments to demonstrate that the framework can effectively improve the efficiency of federated learning.展开更多
Objective:Network analysis was used to explore the complex inter-relationships between social participation activities and depressive symptoms among the Chinese older population,and the differences in network structur...Objective:Network analysis was used to explore the complex inter-relationships between social participation activities and depressive symptoms among the Chinese older population,and the differences in network structures among different genders,age groups,and urban-rural residency would be compared.Methods:Based on the 2018 wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS),12,043 people aged 65 to 105 were included.The 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression(CESD)Scale was used to assess depressive symptoms and 10 types of social participation activities were collected,including housework,tai-chi,square dancing,visiting and interacting with friends,garden work,reading newspapers or books,raising domestic animals,playing cards or mahjong,watching TV or listening to radio,and organized social activities.R 4.2.1 software was used to estimate the network model and calculate strength and bridge strength.Results:21.60%(2,601/12,043)of the participants had depressive symptoms.The total social participation score was negatively associated with depressive symptoms after adjusting for sociodemographic factors.The network of social participation and depressive symptoms showed that“D9(Inability to get going)”and“S9(Watching TV and/or listening to the radio)”had the highest strength within depressive symptoms and social participation communities,respectively,and“S1(Housework)”,“S9(Watching TV and/or listening to the radio)”,and“D5(Hopelessness)”were the most prominent bridging nodes between the two communities.Most edges linking the two communities were negative.“S5(Graden work)-D5(Hopelessness)”and“S6(Reading newspapers/books)-D4(Everything was an effort)”were the top 2 strongest negative edges.Older females had significantly denser network structures than older males.Compared to older people aged 65e80,the age group 81e105 showed higher network global strength.Conclusions:This study provides novel insights into the complex relationships between social participation and depressive symptoms.Except for doing housework,other social participation activities were found to be protective for depression levels.Different nursing strategies should be taken to prevent and alleviate depressive symptoms for different genders and older people of different ages.展开更多
The low-frequency oscillation(LFO)has occurred in the train-network system due to the introduction of the power electronics of the trains.The modeling and analyzing method in current researches based on electrified ra...The low-frequency oscillation(LFO)has occurred in the train-network system due to the introduction of the power electronics of the trains.The modeling and analyzing method in current researches based on electrified railway unilateral power supply system are not suitable for the LFO analysis in a bilateral power supply system,where the trains are supplied by two traction substations.In this work,based on the single-input and single-output impedance model of China CRH5 trains,the node admittance matrices of the train-network system both in unilateral and bilateral power supply modes are established,including three-phase power grid,traction transformers and traction network.Then the modal analysis is used to study the oscillation modes and propagation characteristics of the unilateral and bilateral power supply systems.Moreover,the influence of the equivalent inductance of the power grid,the length of the transmission line,and the length of the traction network are analyzed on the critical oscillation mode of the bilateral power supply system.Finally,the theoretical analysis results are verified by the time-domain simulation model in MATLAB/Simulink.展开更多
基金Liaoning Pharmaceutical Industry Innovation and Development Strategy Research and Funding Project(2020lslktyb-095)National Medical Products Administration-Special Fund of Drug Regulatory Research Institute of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University(2021jgkx004)+1 种基金Shenzhen Maternity&Child Healthcare Hospital Science Foundation(2022(73))Shenzhen Health Economics Society Research Fund Project(202333).
文摘Objective To discuss the problems existing in the compensation of Chinese clinical trial participants and propose some suggestions for improving their rights.Methods The literature related to the participants’right to compensation at home and abroad was searched to study the inadequacy of the compensation right for clinical trial participants in China from four aspects:insurance system,principle of attribution,legal relationship and compensation regulations.Then,some suggestions to improve the participants’right to compensation were proposed.Results and Conclusion China lacks clear legal norms for participants’right to compensation.There are problems such as unclear insurance rules and compensation rules,unclear contractual relationships between parties to clinical trials,and no laws and regulations to rely on for attribution and compensation.China should issue regulatory guidelines related to the right to compensation of participants in clinical trials,so that all parties in clinical trials can have rules to follow if there is the occurrence of injury,which can better protect the rights and interests of the participants.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81370960 and 81670795)the Ministry of Science and Technology(No.2015BAI12B14,2015BAI12B02,2016YFC0901200,and 2016YFC1305202)
文摘This current cross-sectional study investigates the relationship between thyroid hormones and peripheral artery disease （PAD） among euthyroid Chinese population aged 40 years and above. Serum free triiodothyronine （FT3）, free thyroxin （FT4）, thyroid-stimulating hormone （TSH）, and thyroid antibodies were measured.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China under Grant No 2017YFB0802300the Foundation Science and Forefront Technology of Chongqing Science and Technology Commission of China under Grant No cstc2016jcyj A0571
文摘Quantum key distribution(QKD)-based quantum private query(QPQ) is a practical application of QKD, which relaxes the security condition of perfectly concealing a private query to a cheating-sensitive strategy. We propose a QPQ protocol based on the delegated QKD scheme(DQKD-based QPQ), in which two almost ‘classical' clients(data user and database owner) can establish a 1-out-of-N oblivious key with the help of a cloud server with full quantum ability. Concretely, the two classical participants in the DQKD-based QPQ only need to access the quantum channel and reorder qubits, and the costly quantum operations, quantum state preparation and measurement are outsourced to a full quantum server in the cloud without leaking participants' privacy. The proposed protocol not only provides a cloud-based framework of QKD-based QPQ, but also obtains better security by a real-time security check, which can protect the security of the database and user against all potential attacks even if the quantum server is assumed to be a powerfully untrusted adversary.
文摘In order to satisfy the rapid changing requirements of customers, enterprises must cooperate with each other to form supply chain. The first and the most important stage in the forming of supply chain is the selection of participants. The article proposes a two staged decision model to select partners. The first stage is the inter company comparison in each business process to select high efficiency candidate based on inside variables. The next stage is to analyse the combination of different candidates in order to select the most perfect partners according to a goal programming model.
文摘The transport of dangerous goods always represents a potential risk to life,human health,property,and environmental protection.For this reason and in order to preserve the lives and health of the participants in the transport process,adequate protection measures must be taken before,during,and after the transport of dangerous goods.Since the railway itself is a recipient of dangerous goods that are essential for its own operation,and is also a carrier of large quantities of various dangerous goods,these measures are of paramount importance.This paper examines,from a point of view of the protection of lives and health of the participants in the transport process and the safe transport of dangerous goods,the conditions of shipment and transport of dangerous goods,the obligations of the participants,and the essential ways for their proper handling.Proper application of safety at work prevents impromptu and indolent attitude in transporting dangerous goods,thus contributing to protection of people lives and health.Finally,this paper includes preventive measures and basic principles for implementation of safety at work in the transport of dangerous goods.
文摘Research focuses on studying the economic impacts of 2014 Asian Basketball League in Ho Chi Minh City （hereinaiter referred as ABL 2014） with respect to direct expenditure of all types of participants, including organizers, coaches/athletes, journalists/communicators, audiences, etc. Research was implemented with 920 subjects, including 48 members of the organizing committee, 56 coaches/athletes, 800 audiences and 16 members of journal and media teams.
文摘Objective: Leisure-time is an important part of young people’s lives. One way to reduce social differences in health is to improve adolescents’ living conditions, for example by enhancing the quality of after-school activities. Multicultural, socially deprived suburbs have less youth participation in organized leisure-time activities. This study explores who the participants are at two NGO-run youth-centers in multicultural, socially deprived suburbs in Sweden and whether socio-demographic, health-related, and leisure-time factors affect the targeted participation. Methods: The study can be seen as an explanatory mixed-methods study where qualitative data help explain initial quantitative results. The included data are a survey with youth (n = 207), seven individual interviews with staff, and six focus-groups interviews with young people at two youth-centers in two different cities. Results and Conclusions: The participants in the youth-centers are Swedish born youths having foreign-born parents who live with both parents, often in crowded apartments with many siblings. Moreover they feel healthy, enjoy school and have good contact with their parents. It seems that strategies for recruiting youths to youth-centers have a large impact on who participates. One way to succeed in having a more equal gender and ethnicity distribution is to offer youth activities that are a natural step forward from children’s activities. The youth-centers’ proximity is also of importance for participation, in these types of neighborhoods.
文摘The majority of extant research studies have established that high school students’athletic participation is positively associated with several educational outcomes,including academic performance.However,the effect of long-term athletic participation on academic performance remains unclear.Using a longitudinal data of 220 students from a high school in eastern Massachusetts of the United States,this study has revealed that athletic participants in this school started with a statistically significant higher GPA than non-participants in the first year of study,and have continued to be higher in the following two years,lag behind significantly,however,in academic achievement growth from their nonparticipation counterparts.The results of the study call for thoughtful decision-making regarding sports programs and athletic policies,proper guidance and adequate support for athletes and an optimal sport-academic culture in American high schools.
文摘This study presents an analytic overview of forty years of study of Western Marxism by Chinese scholars.Organised into four main sections,it begins with an emphasis on the wider institutional context of this Chinese research.Here,I deal with the beginnings of research on Western Marxism in China and outline the two main periods of this research,which turn on the important educational reforms of 2005.The next section focuses on the initial period of research on Western Marxism,from the early 1980s to the education reforms,which may be characterised in terms of the work of“wary onlookers”writing introductions and surveys of Western Marxist scholars.The following section covers the last two decades after the 2005 education reforms.This period is of most interest,so more attention is devoted to developments during this time.It has been a time of increasingly confident participants on the world stage,who focus on core issues,realistic demands,and problem-based research.The final section concerns assessments of the limitations of Western Marxism,which have been identified through the in-depth research of the second period.In conclusion,while Western Marxism may be seen as a legitimate development of Marxism in a capitalist context,it is a tributary from the mainstream.
文摘This study, which took place around the Boumba-Bek National Park (BBNP) in Cameroon, was based on identifying and characterizing stakeholders in forest resources management, as well as determining the relationships between them, with the goal of encouraging collaborative forest resources management. Purposive sampling was adopted, in which focus group discussions, key informant interviews, semi-structured interviews, and snowball sampling were used for data collection. Focus group discussions were conducted with a total of 20 local associations involved in forest and wildlife management, Bantu traditional councils and the Baka community. Key informant interviews were conducted with local and international NGOs, forest exploitation and Sport hunting (Safari) enterprises and local public administrations that had working rapports with village communities around the BBNP. Information was generally sought on the role of stakeholders in forest management, in terms of use, protection, policy enforcement, challenges encountered in their activities and their relationships with other stakeholders. Actor linkage matrix was used to establish the relationships between different stakeholders. The identified stakeholder groups included the local community, State, international and local NGOs, economic operators (forest exploitation and sport hunting enterprises), and also the rules guiding their activities. Conflicts were rife between the community and the other stakeholders with regard to resource accessibility and use, whereas intra-community conflicts mostly resulted from cases of corruption and embezzlement linked to benefits sharing. Cases of collaboration among all the stakeholders were mostly related to anti-poaching patrols and setting of forest concession limits. There is a need to bring all stakeholders on the same platform, such as in a consultation workshop, to get their perceptions on building trust, conflict resolution and genuine collaboration in resources management.
文摘This study examines the current state of merchants’participation in e-commerce marketing within the context of the digital economy,focusing on merchants in Lagos,Nigeria.It explores the impact of behavioral attitudes,subjective norms,perceived behavioral control,and traditional transaction costs on their willingness to engage in e-commerce marketing.Grounded in the Theory of Planned Behavior(TPB)and employing a questionnaire survey,the study utilizes SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 22.0 for data analysis.The findings confirm the significant positive effects of behavioral attitudes,subjective norms,and perceived behavioral control on merchants’willingness,as well as the significant negative effect of traditional transaction costs.The results indicate that the advancement of digital economy policies has lowered participation barriers for merchants,with factors such as behavioral attitudes,social support,and digital skills playing crucial roles in decision-making.This paper recommends enhancing the usability of e-commerce platforms,improving infrastructure,and optimizing policy support.These suggestions provide theoretical insights and practical guidance for promoting Nigeria’s digital economy and advancing research on merchants’e-commerce behavior.
文摘Objective: To analyze the clinical effects of the patient participation health model in the health management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: A total of 124 patients with type 2 diabetes admitted to the hospital from June 2023 to June 2024 were randomly assigned to either the control group (64 patients) or the intervention group (60 patients). Patients in the control group received routine health management, while those in the intervention group were managed using a patient-participation health model with progressive, stage-based interventions. Outcomes were assessed based on blood glucose control, disease awareness, and self-management behaviors. Adverse reactions during health management were closely monitored in both groups. Results: Patients in the intervention group showed significantly better outcomes in blood glucose control, disease awareness, and self-management behaviors compared to the control group. Conclusion: The patient participation health model demonstrated significant clinical value, effectively enhancing self-management abilities, improving glycemic control, and increasing disease awareness. This model is recommended for widespread adoption in the health management of type 2 diabetes to achieve better therapeutic outcomes and improve patient quality of life.
文摘Introduction In China, it is not uncommon for students to be treated as passive recipients in class. They are trained in this way from primary school. So by the time they enter college, not only are they accustomed to the role of submissive student following the lead of a dominant teacher, but they also quite welcome it, for they don’t have to take any initiative in class, they just wait to be filled with knowledge. Students’ hesitancy to participate actively in class comes not just from students themselves but also from some teachers, who stick to the force-feeding method because it is an easy way for them to conduct a class. So I started to try and change this situation. I designed a teaching plan in which I used different techniques to provide the students with lots of opportunities to be active participants in class. Some of the techniques used are described below.
基金National Major Scientific and Technological Special Project for Significant New Drugs Development(Grant No.2017ZX09304022)。
文摘Maintaining participants in a trial ultimately without dropout helps keep a study on track,saving time,money,and resources.Since 2015,extensive bioequivalence(BE)studies have been carried out in China,while no research about dropout in healthy volunteers has been reported yet.In this retrospective study,1078 healthy volunteers participating in 18 BE studies from March 2016 to February 2019 in one Chinese hospital were included.Information about the healthy participants and BE studies was recorded for analysis.In terms of the dropout reason,poor compliance,adverse event(AE),and loss of follow-up were found to be the three leading causes of dropout,accounting for 78.7%of all dropouts.In terms of associated factors with active dropout,smoking habit(OR=5.790,P<0.001)was significantly associated with increased risk of active dropout,while older age(OR=0.940,P=0.042)and AE except for SAE(OR=0.321,P=0.004)were significantly associated with a decreased risk of active dropout.Strengthening the education on younger participants and participants with a smoking habit,as well as emphasizing the possible adverse reactions and potential risks,might be strategies to reduce active dropout in healthy participants.
基金supported by the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province under Grant No.2020B0101090004the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.62072215,the Guangzhou Basic Research Plan City-School Joint Funding Project under Grant No.2024A03J0405+1 种基金the Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation under Grant No.2024A04J3458the State Archives Administration Science and Technology Program Plan of China under Grant 2023-X-028.
文摘Federated learning is an important distributed model training technique in Internet of Things(IoT),in which participant selection is a key component that plays a role in improving training efficiency and model accuracy.This module enables a central server to select a subset of participants to performmodel training based on data and device information.By doing so,selected participants are rewarded and actively perform model training,while participants that are detrimental to training efficiency and model accuracy are excluded.However,in practice,participants may suspect that the central server may have miscalculated and thus not made the selection honestly.This lack of trustworthiness problem,which can demotivate participants,has received little attention.Another problem that has received little attention is the leakage of participants’private information during the selection process.We will therefore propose a federated learning framework with auditable participant selection.It supports smart contracts in selecting a set of suitable participants based on their training loss without compromising the privacy.Considering the possibility of malicious campaigning and impersonation of participants,the framework employs commitment schemes and zero-knowledge proofs to counteract these malicious behaviors.Finally,we analyze the security of the framework and conduct a series of experiments to demonstrate that the framework can effectively improve the efficiency of federated learning.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan Project(grant number:2022YFC3600904)The funding organization had no role in the survey’s design,implementation,and analysis.
文摘Objective:Network analysis was used to explore the complex inter-relationships between social participation activities and depressive symptoms among the Chinese older population,and the differences in network structures among different genders,age groups,and urban-rural residency would be compared.Methods:Based on the 2018 wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS),12,043 people aged 65 to 105 were included.The 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression(CESD)Scale was used to assess depressive symptoms and 10 types of social participation activities were collected,including housework,tai-chi,square dancing,visiting and interacting with friends,garden work,reading newspapers or books,raising domestic animals,playing cards or mahjong,watching TV or listening to radio,and organized social activities.R 4.2.1 software was used to estimate the network model and calculate strength and bridge strength.Results:21.60%(2,601/12,043)of the participants had depressive symptoms.The total social participation score was negatively associated with depressive symptoms after adjusting for sociodemographic factors.The network of social participation and depressive symptoms showed that“D9(Inability to get going)”and“S9(Watching TV and/or listening to the radio)”had the highest strength within depressive symptoms and social participation communities,respectively,and“S1(Housework)”,“S9(Watching TV and/or listening to the radio)”,and“D5(Hopelessness)”were the most prominent bridging nodes between the two communities.Most edges linking the two communities were negative.“S5(Graden work)-D5(Hopelessness)”and“S6(Reading newspapers/books)-D4(Everything was an effort)”were the top 2 strongest negative edges.Older females had significantly denser network structures than older males.Compared to older people aged 65e80,the age group 81e105 showed higher network global strength.Conclusions:This study provides novel insights into the complex relationships between social participation and depressive symptoms.Except for doing housework,other social participation activities were found to be protective for depression levels.Different nursing strategies should be taken to prevent and alleviate depressive symptoms for different genders and older people of different ages.
基金This work was supported by the Applied Basic Research Program of Science and Technology Plan Project of Sichuan Province of China(No.2020YJ0252).
文摘The low-frequency oscillation(LFO)has occurred in the train-network system due to the introduction of the power electronics of the trains.The modeling and analyzing method in current researches based on electrified railway unilateral power supply system are not suitable for the LFO analysis in a bilateral power supply system,where the trains are supplied by two traction substations.In this work,based on the single-input and single-output impedance model of China CRH5 trains,the node admittance matrices of the train-network system both in unilateral and bilateral power supply modes are established,including three-phase power grid,traction transformers and traction network.Then the modal analysis is used to study the oscillation modes and propagation characteristics of the unilateral and bilateral power supply systems.Moreover,the influence of the equivalent inductance of the power grid,the length of the transmission line,and the length of the traction network are analyzed on the critical oscillation mode of the bilateral power supply system.Finally,the theoretical analysis results are verified by the time-domain simulation model in MATLAB/Simulink.
