In this paper,a double-effect DNN-based Digital Back-Propagation(DBP)scheme is proposed and studied to achieve the Integrated Communication and Sensing(ICS)ability,which can not only realize nonlinear damage mitigatio...In this paper,a double-effect DNN-based Digital Back-Propagation(DBP)scheme is proposed and studied to achieve the Integrated Communication and Sensing(ICS)ability,which can not only realize nonlinear damage mitigation but also monitor the optical power and dispersion profile over multi-span links.The link status information can be extracted by the characteristics of the learned optical fiber parameters without any other measuring instruments.The efficiency and feasibility of this method have been investigated in different fiber link conditions,including various launch power,transmission distance,and the location and the amount of the abnormal losses.A good monitoring performance can be obtained while the launch optical power is 2 dBm which does not affect the normal operation of the optical communication system and the step size of DBP is 20 km which can provide a better distance resolution.This scheme successfully detects the location of single or multiple optical attenuators in long-distance multi-span fiber links,including different abnormal losses of 2 dB,4 dB,and 6 dB in 360 km and serval combinations of abnormal losses of(1 dB,5 dB),(3 dB,3 dB),(5 dB,1 dB)in 360 km and 760 km.Meanwhile,the transfer relationship of the estimated coefficient values with different step sizes is further investigated to reduce the complexity of the fiber nonlinear damage compensation.These results provide an attractive approach for precisely sensing the optical fiber link status information and making correct strategies timely to ensure optical communication system operations.展开更多
2.5 Gbit/s monolithic integrated circuits （ICs） for optical fiber transmitter and receiver in 0.35 μm CMOS （complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor） process are presented. The transmitter, which includ...2.5 Gbit/s monolithic integrated circuits （ICs） for optical fiber transmitter and receiver in 0.35 μm CMOS （complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor） process are presented. The transmitter, which includes a 4： 1 multiplexer and a laser diode driver （LDD）, has four 622 Mbit/s random signals as its inputs and gets a 2.5 Gbit/s driving signal as its output; the receiver detects a 2.5 Gbit/s random signal and gets four 622 Mbit/s signals at the output. The main circuits include a trans-impedance amplifier （TIA）, a limiting amplifier, a clock and data recovery （CDR） unit, and a 1： 4 demultiplexer （DEMUX）. Test results prove the logic functions of the transmitter to be right, and the 10% to 90% rise and fall times of transmitter＇s output data eye diagram are 211.1 ps and 200 ps, respectively. The sensitivity of the receiver is measured to be better than 20 mV. The root mean square jitter of the DEMUX＇s output data is 15.6 ps and that of the clock after 1： 4 frequency dividing is 1.9 ps. Two chips are both applicable to 2.5 Gbit/s optical fiber communication systems.展开更多
An equivalent noise model of optical receiver amplifiers as shown in Fig.1 has been given in many fiber optical communication literatures. It is proved in this paper that this equivalent noise model is neither equiva...An equivalent noise model of optical receiver amplifiers as shown in Fig.1 has been given in many fiber optical communication literatures. It is proved in this paper that this equivalent noise model is neither equivalent to the original one nor measurable. The main reason is that the position of the input impedance in this noise model is not the same with its in the typical noise model,but the same S vn , S in with the typical noise model are used. So the equivalent noise model above is wrong and is not fit to be taken into application.展开更多
Abstract:Based on optical fiber technology, the main electric circuit of the remote I/O unit controller is studied. And the application of the system is illustrated.
This paper introduces a new-developed mine fire-resistant optical fiber cable (OFC)KL5004,its structural characteristics, main feature, the theory about fire resistance and its application in high output and efficienc...This paper introduces a new-developed mine fire-resistant optical fiber cable (OFC)KL5004,its structural characteristics, main feature, the theory about fire resistance and its application in high output and efficiency mine.展开更多
Low-cost,flexible and intelligent optical performance monitoring and management is a key enabling technology for network quality guarantee,especially in the era of explosive growth of communication capacity and networ...Low-cost,flexible and intelligent optical performance monitoring and management is a key enabling technology for network quality guarantee,especially in the era of explosive growth of communication capacity and network scale.However,to the best of our knowledge,it is extremely challenging to implement real-time performance monitoring and operations,administration and maintenance(OAM) in a highly complex dynamic network.In this paper,we propose an innovative optical identification(OID) scheme that can realize both performance monitoring and some advanced OAM sub-functions.The basic concepts,applications,challenges and evolution directions of this OID tool are also discussed.展开更多
<div style="text-align:justify;"> In order to meet the needs of the rapid development of optical fiber communication technology, combined with the thinking of the Internet of Things, a new idea of desi...<div style="text-align:justify;"> In order to meet the needs of the rapid development of optical fiber communication technology, combined with the thinking of the Internet of Things, a new idea of designing an optical fiber test equipment using Raspberry Pi is proposed. At the same time, the design of a multi-parameter measuring device for optical fiber signals based on Flask was completed. </div>展开更多
Erbium fiber grating ring laser (EFRL) witn an integrated travelling wave and low polarization mode noise is reported. Through modulated experiment of a successful 2.488 Gb/s RZ data, it is shown that the EFRL is a pr...Erbium fiber grating ring laser (EFRL) witn an integrated travelling wave and low polarization mode noise is reported. Through modulated experiment of a successful 2.488 Gb/s RZ data, it is shown that the EFRL is a promising alternative to DFB lasers for high-speed transmission applications.展开更多
This paper proposes a novel modified uni-traveling-carrier photodiode(MUTC-PD)featuring an electric field regulation layer:a p-type doped thin layer inserted behind the PD’s n-doped cliff layer.This electric field re...This paper proposes a novel modified uni-traveling-carrier photodiode(MUTC-PD)featuring an electric field regulation layer:a p-type doped thin layer inserted behind the PD’s n-doped cliff layer.This electric field regulation layer enhances the PD’s performance by not only reducing and smoothing the electric field intensity in the collector layer,allowing photo-generated electrons to transit at peak drift velocity,but also improving the electric field intensity in the depleted absorber layer and optimizing the photo-generated carriers’saturated transit performance.Additionally,the transport characteristics of the peak drift velocity of photogenerated electrons in the device’s collection layer can be used to optimize its parasitic characteristics.The electron’s peak drift velocity compensates for the lost transit time.Thus improving the 3 dB bandwidth of the PD’s photo response.Finally obtains a MUTC-PD with a 3 dB bandwidth of 68 GHz at a responsivity of 0.502 A/W,making it suitable for 100 Gbit/s optical receivers.展开更多
In this paper, the transceiver performance of optical 64QAM-OFDM signals with different sub-car- riers is studied. Firstly, we build a 40Gbit/s optical coherent 64QAM-OFDM transmission system. 64QAM-OFDM optical signa...In this paper, the transceiver performance of optical 64QAM-OFDM signals with different sub-car- riers is studied. Firstly, we build a 40Gbit/s optical coherent 64QAM-OFDM transmission system. 64QAM-OFDM optical signals with 16, 32, 64, 64, 128, 256 and 512 sub-carriers are transmitted over 100 km single mode fiber (SMF). Then, the optical spectrum diagrams before and after transmission, the bit error rate (BER) and constellation diagrams of received signals were compared. The simulation results show that, with the number of sub-carriers increasing, the value of PAPR will gradually increase and the quality of the received optical signals will deteriorate. Moreover, with the number of sub-carriers increasing, the computational complexity will increase when digital signal processing (DSP) is used. Therefore, we should choose the optimal number of sub-carriers, and the PAPR influence and BER are also considered for achieving effective transmission.展开更多
The recently reported high spectral efficiency （SE） and high-baud-rate szgnal transmission are all Daseo on digital coherent optical communications and digital signal processing （DSP）. DSP simplifies the re- cepti...The recently reported high spectral efficiency （SE） and high-baud-rate szgnal transmission are all Daseo on digital coherent optical communications and digital signal processing （DSP）. DSP simplifies the re- ception of advanced modulation formats and also enables the major electrical and optical impairments to be processed and compensated in the digital domain, at the transmitter or receiver side. In this paper, we summarize the research progress on high-speed signal generation and detection and also show the progress on DSP for high-speed signal detection. We also report the latest progress on multi-core and multi-mode multiplexing.展开更多
100 G Ethernet is considered to become the next generation Ethernet standard for IP networks.Typical 100 Gb/s transmission systems and their performance are presented.Comparision and analysis for 100 Gb/s transmission...100 G Ethernet is considered to become the next generation Ethernet standard for IP networks.Typical 100 Gb/s transmission systems and their performance are presented.Comparision and analysis for 100 Gb/s transmission systems have been discussed.It is demonstrated that optical OFDM can be used in future 100 Gb/s/ch and long-haul system.展开更多
The configuration of the novel three-stage L-band erbium-doped fiber amplifier with very large and flat gain and very low noise figure presented in this paper uses the forward ASE (amplified spontaneous emission) from...The configuration of the novel three-stage L-band erbium-doped fiber amplifier with very large and flat gain and very low noise figure presented in this paper uses the forward ASE (amplified spontaneous emission) from the first section of the EDF (erbium-doped fiber) and the backward ASE from the third section of the EDF (both serve as the secondary pump sources of energy) to pump the second EDF. To improve the pump efficiency, the power of the pump is split into two parts (with a ratio of e.g. 2:7). The characteristics of this L-band EDFA are studied on the basis of the Giles Model with ASE.展开更多
For the efficient dynamic dispersion compensation, it is essential to monitor the dispersion accurately. The existing main dispersion monitoring techniques in high bit-rate optical communication systems are presented ...For the efficient dynamic dispersion compensation, it is essential to monitor the dispersion accurately. The existing main dispersion monitoring techniques in high bit-rate optical communication systems are presented as well as their operating principles and research progress. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are analyzed and discussed.展开更多
In this paper, we describe a novel technique based on the flipped-exponential （FE） Nyquist pulse method for reducing peak-to-average power ratio （PAPR） in an optical direct-detection orthogonal frequency-division ...In this paper, we describe a novel technique based on the flipped-exponential （FE） Nyquist pulse method for reducing peak-to-average power ratio （PAPR） in an optical direct-detection orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing （DD-QFDM） system, The technique involves proper selection of the FE Nyquist pulses for shaping the different subcarriers of the OFDM. We apply this technique to a DD-OFDM transmission system to significantly reduce PAPR. We also investigate the sensitivity of a received OFDM signal with strong nonlinearity in a standard single-mode fiber （SMF）.展开更多
A designed visual geometry group(VGG)-based convolutional neural network(CNN)model with small computational cost and high accuracy is utilized to monitor pulse amplitude modulation-based intensity modulation and direc...A designed visual geometry group(VGG)-based convolutional neural network(CNN)model with small computational cost and high accuracy is utilized to monitor pulse amplitude modulation-based intensity modulation and direct detection channel performance using eye diagram measurements.Experimental results show that the proposed technique can achieve a high accuracy in jointly monitoring modulation format,probabilistic shaping,roll-off factor,baud rate,optical signal-to-noise ratio,and chromatic dispersion.The designed VGG-based CNN model outperforms the other four traditional machine-learning methods in different scenarios.Furthermore,the multitask learning model combined with MobileNet CNN is designed to improve the flexibility of the network.Compared with the designed VGG-based CNN,the MobileNet-based MTL does not need to train all the classes,and it can simultaneously monitor single parameter or multiple parameters without sacrificing accuracy,indicating great potential in various monitoring scenarios.展开更多
This paper begins with Nyquist wavelengthdivision multiplexing （WDM） and then introduces fasterthanNyquist. In fasterthanNyquist a certain amount of intersymbol interference （ISI） is accepted, which violates the f...This paper begins with Nyquist wavelengthdivision multiplexing （WDM） and then introduces fasterthanNyquist. In fasterthanNyquist a certain amount of intersymbol interference （ISI） is accepted, which violates the fundamental principle of Nyquist WDM. This results in muchrelaxed transceiver bandwidth and simpler spectral design. However, in fasterthanNyquist, implementation complexity is shifted from the transmitter side to the receiver side. Therefore, successful application of fasterthanNyquist depends on innovation in the receiver structure. In this paper, we discuss the guidelines for implementing suboptimum, lowcomplexity receivers based on fasterthanNyquist. We suggest that duobinary shaping is a good technique for trading off achievable spectral efficiency, detection performance, and implementation complexity and might be preferable to Nyquist WDM. Experiments are conducted to verify robustness of the proposed technique.展开更多
Based on the mathematical model of quantum well laser diode(QW LDs) developed, the paper presents a relative intensity noise(RIN) model, which employs Gaussian form random noise with its average being to zero. It can ...Based on the mathematical model of quantum well laser diode(QW LDs) developed, the paper presents a relative intensity noise(RIN) model, which employs Gaussian form random noise with its average being to zero. It can be straightforwardly used to describe the effect of the noise on the performance of QW LDs. The RIN becomes notable in the frequency range of interests and therefore affects the device modulation property. The results are in good agreement of the published data. The RIN model proposed and the results can be used for purpose of device technique improvement and performance simulation of optical communication systems and networks.展开更多
Optical networks are evolving toward ultrawide bandwidth and autonomous operation.In this scenario,it is crucial to accurately model and control optical power evolutions(OPEs)through optical amplifiers(OAs),as they di...Optical networks are evolving toward ultrawide bandwidth and autonomous operation.In this scenario,it is crucial to accurately model and control optical power evolutions(OPEs)through optical amplifiers(OAs),as they directly affect the signal-to-noise ratio and fiber nonlinearities.However,a fundamental contradiction arises between the complex physical phenomena in optical transmission and the required precision in network control.Traditional theoretical methods underperform due to ideal assumptions,while data-driven approaches entail exorbitant costs associated with acquiring massive amounts of data to achieve the desired level of accuracy.In this work,we propose a Bayesian inference framework(BIF)to construct the digital twin of OAs and control OPE in a data-efficient manner.Only the informative data are collected to balance the exploration and exploitation of the data space,thus enabling efficient autonomous-driving optical networks(ADONs).Simulations and experiments demonstrate that the BIF can reduce the data size for modeling erbium-doped fiber amplifiers by 80%and Raman amplifiers by 60%.Within 30 iterations,the optimal controlling performance can be achieved to realize target signal/gain profiles in links with different types of OAs.The results show that the BIF paves the way to accurately model and control OPE for future ADONs.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2019YFB1803905)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.62171022)+2 种基金Beijing Natural Science Foundation (4222009)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2021B1515120057)the Scientific and Technological Innovation Foundation of Shunde Graduate School,USTB (No.BK19AF005)。
文摘In this paper,a double-effect DNN-based Digital Back-Propagation(DBP)scheme is proposed and studied to achieve the Integrated Communication and Sensing(ICS)ability,which can not only realize nonlinear damage mitigation but also monitor the optical power and dispersion profile over multi-span links.The link status information can be extracted by the characteristics of the learned optical fiber parameters without any other measuring instruments.The efficiency and feasibility of this method have been investigated in different fiber link conditions,including various launch power,transmission distance,and the location and the amount of the abnormal losses.A good monitoring performance can be obtained while the launch optical power is 2 dBm which does not affect the normal operation of the optical communication system and the step size of DBP is 20 km which can provide a better distance resolution.This scheme successfully detects the location of single or multiple optical attenuators in long-distance multi-span fiber links,including different abnormal losses of 2 dB,4 dB,and 6 dB in 360 km and serval combinations of abnormal losses of(1 dB,5 dB),(3 dB,3 dB),(5 dB,1 dB)in 360 km and 760 km.Meanwhile,the transfer relationship of the estimated coefficient values with different step sizes is further investigated to reduce the complexity of the fiber nonlinear damage compensation.These results provide an attractive approach for precisely sensing the optical fiber link status information and making correct strategies timely to ensure optical communication system operations.
基金The National High Technology Research and Develop-ment Program of China (863 Program) (No.2001AA312010).
文摘2.5 Gbit/s monolithic integrated circuits （ICs） for optical fiber transmitter and receiver in 0.35 μm CMOS （complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor） process are presented. The transmitter, which includes a 4： 1 multiplexer and a laser diode driver （LDD）, has four 622 Mbit/s random signals as its inputs and gets a 2.5 Gbit/s driving signal as its output; the receiver detects a 2.5 Gbit/s random signal and gets four 622 Mbit/s signals at the output. The main circuits include a trans-impedance amplifier （TIA）, a limiting amplifier, a clock and data recovery （CDR） unit, and a 1： 4 demultiplexer （DEMUX）. Test results prove the logic functions of the transmitter to be right, and the 10% to 90% rise and fall times of transmitter＇s output data eye diagram are 211.1 ps and 200 ps, respectively. The sensitivity of the receiver is measured to be better than 20 mV. The root mean square jitter of the DEMUX＇s output data is 15.6 ps and that of the clock after 1： 4 frequency dividing is 1.9 ps. Two chips are both applicable to 2.5 Gbit/s optical fiber communication systems.
文摘An equivalent noise model of optical receiver amplifiers as shown in Fig.1 has been given in many fiber optical communication literatures. It is proved in this paper that this equivalent noise model is neither equivalent to the original one nor measurable. The main reason is that the position of the input impedance in this noise model is not the same with its in the typical noise model,but the same S vn , S in with the typical noise model are used. So the equivalent noise model above is wrong and is not fit to be taken into application.
文摘Abstract:Based on optical fiber technology, the main electric circuit of the remote I/O unit controller is studied. And the application of the system is illustrated.
文摘This paper introduces a new-developed mine fire-resistant optical fiber cable (OFC)KL5004,its structural characteristics, main feature, the theory about fire resistance and its application in high output and efficiency mine.
基金supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China under Grant No.2019YFB2205302。
文摘Low-cost,flexible and intelligent optical performance monitoring and management is a key enabling technology for network quality guarantee,especially in the era of explosive growth of communication capacity and network scale.However,to the best of our knowledge,it is extremely challenging to implement real-time performance monitoring and operations,administration and maintenance(OAM) in a highly complex dynamic network.In this paper,we propose an innovative optical identification(OID) scheme that can realize both performance monitoring and some advanced OAM sub-functions.The basic concepts,applications,challenges and evolution directions of this OID tool are also discussed.
文摘<div style="text-align:justify;"> In order to meet the needs of the rapid development of optical fiber communication technology, combined with the thinking of the Internet of Things, a new idea of designing an optical fiber test equipment using Raspberry Pi is proposed. At the same time, the design of a multi-parameter measuring device for optical fiber signals based on Flask was completed. </div>
文摘Erbium fiber grating ring laser (EFRL) witn an integrated travelling wave and low polarization mode noise is reported. Through modulated experiment of a successful 2.488 Gb/s RZ data, it is shown that the EFRL is a promising alternative to DFB lasers for high-speed transmission applications.
文摘This paper proposes a novel modified uni-traveling-carrier photodiode(MUTC-PD)featuring an electric field regulation layer:a p-type doped thin layer inserted behind the PD’s n-doped cliff layer.This electric field regulation layer enhances the PD’s performance by not only reducing and smoothing the electric field intensity in the collector layer,allowing photo-generated electrons to transit at peak drift velocity,but also improving the electric field intensity in the depleted absorber layer and optimizing the photo-generated carriers’saturated transit performance.Additionally,the transport characteristics of the peak drift velocity of photogenerated electrons in the device’s collection layer can be used to optimize its parasitic characteristics.The electron’s peak drift velocity compensates for the lost transit time.Thus improving the 3 dB bandwidth of the PD’s photo response.Finally obtains a MUTC-PD with a 3 dB bandwidth of 68 GHz at a responsivity of 0.502 A/W,making it suitable for 100 Gbit/s optical receivers.
文摘In this paper, the transceiver performance of optical 64QAM-OFDM signals with different sub-car- riers is studied. Firstly, we build a 40Gbit/s optical coherent 64QAM-OFDM transmission system. 64QAM-OFDM optical signals with 16, 32, 64, 64, 128, 256 and 512 sub-carriers are transmitted over 100 km single mode fiber (SMF). Then, the optical spectrum diagrams before and after transmission, the bit error rate (BER) and constellation diagrams of received signals were compared. The simulation results show that, with the number of sub-carriers increasing, the value of PAPR will gradually increase and the quality of the received optical signals will deteriorate. Moreover, with the number of sub-carriers increasing, the computational complexity will increase when digital signal processing (DSP) is used. Therefore, we should choose the optimal number of sub-carriers, and the PAPR influence and BER are also considered for achieving effective transmission.
文摘The recently reported high spectral efficiency （SE） and high-baud-rate szgnal transmission are all Daseo on digital coherent optical communications and digital signal processing （DSP）. DSP simplifies the re- ception of advanced modulation formats and also enables the major electrical and optical impairments to be processed and compensated in the digital domain, at the transmitter or receiver side. In this paper, we summarize the research progress on high-speed signal generation and detection and also show the progress on DSP for high-speed signal detection. We also report the latest progress on multi-core and multi-mode multiplexing.
基金supported by NSFC(no60872035)Youthful foundation of UESTC JX0707Key Youthful foundation of UESTC JX0801
文摘100 G Ethernet is considered to become the next generation Ethernet standard for IP networks.Typical 100 Gb/s transmission systems and their performance are presented.Comparision and analysis for 100 Gb/s transmission systems have been discussed.It is demonstrated that optical OFDM can be used in future 100 Gb/s/ch and long-haul system.
文摘The configuration of the novel three-stage L-band erbium-doped fiber amplifier with very large and flat gain and very low noise figure presented in this paper uses the forward ASE (amplified spontaneous emission) from the first section of the EDF (erbium-doped fiber) and the backward ASE from the third section of the EDF (both serve as the secondary pump sources of energy) to pump the second EDF. To improve the pump efficiency, the power of the pump is split into two parts (with a ratio of e.g. 2:7). The characteristics of this L-band EDFA are studied on the basis of the Giles Model with ASE.
文摘For the efficient dynamic dispersion compensation, it is essential to monitor the dispersion accurately. The existing main dispersion monitoring techniques in high bit-rate optical communication systems are presented as well as their operating principles and research progress. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are analyzed and discussed.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.60977049)the National 863 High Tech Research and Development Program of china(Grant No.2009AA01Z220,2009AA01Z222)Program for Hunan Provincial Science and technology
文摘In this paper, we describe a novel technique based on the flipped-exponential （FE） Nyquist pulse method for reducing peak-to-average power ratio （PAPR） in an optical direct-detection orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing （DD-QFDM） system, The technique involves proper selection of the FE Nyquist pulses for shaping the different subcarriers of the OFDM. We apply this technique to a DD-OFDM transmission system to significantly reduce PAPR. We also investigate the sensitivity of a received OFDM signal with strong nonlinearity in a standard single-mode fiber （SMF）.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2019YFB1803700)the Key Technologies Research and Development Program of Tianjin (Grant No.20YFZCGX00440).
文摘A designed visual geometry group(VGG)-based convolutional neural network(CNN)model with small computational cost and high accuracy is utilized to monitor pulse amplitude modulation-based intensity modulation and direct detection channel performance using eye diagram measurements.Experimental results show that the proposed technique can achieve a high accuracy in jointly monitoring modulation format,probabilistic shaping,roll-off factor,baud rate,optical signal-to-noise ratio,and chromatic dispersion.The designed VGG-based CNN model outperforms the other four traditional machine-learning methods in different scenarios.Furthermore,the multitask learning model combined with MobileNet CNN is designed to improve the flexibility of the network.Compared with the designed VGG-based CNN,the MobileNet-based MTL does not need to train all the classes,and it can simultaneously monitor single parameter or multiple parameters without sacrificing accuracy,indicating great potential in various monitoring scenarios.
文摘This paper begins with Nyquist wavelengthdivision multiplexing （WDM） and then introduces fasterthanNyquist. In fasterthanNyquist a certain amount of intersymbol interference （ISI） is accepted, which violates the fundamental principle of Nyquist WDM. This results in muchrelaxed transceiver bandwidth and simpler spectral design. However, in fasterthanNyquist, implementation complexity is shifted from the transmitter side to the receiver side. Therefore, successful application of fasterthanNyquist depends on innovation in the receiver structure. In this paper, we discuss the guidelines for implementing suboptimum, lowcomplexity receivers based on fasterthanNyquist. We suggest that duobinary shaping is a good technique for trading off achievable spectral efficiency, detection performance, and implementation complexity and might be preferable to Nyquist WDM. Experiments are conducted to verify robustness of the proposed technique.
文摘Based on the mathematical model of quantum well laser diode(QW LDs) developed, the paper presents a relative intensity noise(RIN) model, which employs Gaussian form random noise with its average being to zero. It can be straightforwardly used to describe the effect of the noise on the performance of QW LDs. The RIN becomes notable in the frequency range of interests and therefore affects the device modulation property. The results are in good agreement of the published data. The RIN model proposed and the results can be used for purpose of device technique improvement and performance simulation of optical communication systems and networks.
基金supported by the Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research-Shanghai Jiao Tong University(Grant No.21TQ1400213)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62175145)
文摘Optical networks are evolving toward ultrawide bandwidth and autonomous operation.In this scenario,it is crucial to accurately model and control optical power evolutions(OPEs)through optical amplifiers(OAs),as they directly affect the signal-to-noise ratio and fiber nonlinearities.However,a fundamental contradiction arises between the complex physical phenomena in optical transmission and the required precision in network control.Traditional theoretical methods underperform due to ideal assumptions,while data-driven approaches entail exorbitant costs associated with acquiring massive amounts of data to achieve the desired level of accuracy.In this work,we propose a Bayesian inference framework(BIF)to construct the digital twin of OAs and control OPE in a data-efficient manner.Only the informative data are collected to balance the exploration and exploitation of the data space,thus enabling efficient autonomous-driving optical networks(ADONs).Simulations and experiments demonstrate that the BIF can reduce the data size for modeling erbium-doped fiber amplifiers by 80%and Raman amplifiers by 60%.Within 30 iterations,the optimal controlling performance can be achieved to realize target signal/gain profiles in links with different types of OAs.The results show that the BIF paves the way to accurately model and control OPE for future ADONs.
