Grain-oriented silicon steels were prepared at different heating rates during high temperature annealing,in which the evolution of magnetic properties,grain orientations and precipitates were studied.To illustrate the...Grain-oriented silicon steels were prepared at different heating rates during high temperature annealing,in which the evolution of magnetic properties,grain orientations and precipitates were studied.To illustrate the Zener factor,the diameter and number density of precipitates of interrupted testing samples were statistically calculated.The effect of precipitate ripening on the Goss texture and magnetic property was investigated.Data indicated that the trend of Zener factor was similar under different heating rates,first increasing and then decreasing,and that the precipitate maturing was greatly inhibited as the heating rate increased.Secondary recrystallization was developed at the temperature of 1010℃when a heating rate of 5℃/h was used,resulting in Goss,Brass and{110}<227>oriented grains growing abnormally and a magnetic induction intensity of 1.90T.Furthermore,increasing the heating rate to 20℃/h would inhibit the development of undesirable oriented grains and obtain a sharp Goss texture.However,when the heating rate was extremely fast,such as 40℃/h,poor secondary recrystallization was developed with many island grains,corresponding to a decrease in magnetic induction intensity to 1.87 T.At a suitable heating rate of 20℃/h,the sharpest Goss texture and the highest magnetic induction of 1.94 T with an onset secondary recrystallization temperature of 1020℃were found among the experimental variables in this study.The heating rate affected the initial temperature of secondary recrystallization by controlling the maturation of precipitates,leading to the deviation and dispersion of Goss texture,thereby reducing the magnetic properties.展开更多
The accuracy of spot centroid positioning has a significant impact on the tracking accuracy of the system and the stability of the laser link construction.In satellite laser communication systems,the use of short-wave...The accuracy of spot centroid positioning has a significant impact on the tracking accuracy of the system and the stability of the laser link construction.In satellite laser communication systems,the use of short-wave infrared wavelengths as beacon light can reduce atmospheric absorption and signal attenuation.However,there are strong non-uniformity and blind pixels in the short-wave infrared image,which makes the image distorted and leads to the decrease of spot centroid positioning accuracy.Therefore,the high-precision localization of the spot centroid of the short-wave infrared images is of great research significance.A high-precision spot centroid positioning model for short-wave infrared is proposed to correct for non-uniformity and blind pixels in short-wave infrared images and quantify the localization errors caused by the two,further model-based localization error simulations are performed,and a novel spot centroid positioning payload for satellite laser communications has been designed using the latest 640×512 planar array InGaAs shortwave infrared detector.The experimental results show that the non-uniformity of the corrected image is reduced from 7%to 0.6%,the blind pixels rejection rate reaches 100%,the frame rate can be up to 2000 Hz,and the spot centroid localization accuracy is as high as 0.1 pixel point,which realizes high-precision spot centroid localization of high-frame-frequency short-wave infrared images.展开更多
One of the main obstacles to the development of aquaculture in Senegal is the availability of fry and juveniles in sufficient quantities. The objective of our study is to evaluate the effects of treatment with the hor...One of the main obstacles to the development of aquaculture in Senegal is the availability of fry and juveniles in sufficient quantities. The objective of our study is to evaluate the effects of treatment with the hormone 17 alpha methyl testosterone (17-&-MT) and different doses of Nauclea latifolia root powder on the masculinization rates of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus larvae in Senegal. A total of 450 larvae of Oreochromis niloticus, with an average size of 0.012 g, were placed in 15 aquariums, each containing 30 individuals and fed one of the 5 diets in triplicate. These individuals were fed either a diet containing a plant extract at a dose of 180 mg (T180), 200 mg (T200) and 250 mg (T250) per kg of food, or a diet containing 60 mg/kg of the hormone 17-&-MT (TMT), or a diet without either the plant extract or the hormone (T0). Individuals were fed for 30 days with the treatment diets, and then with the industrial feed for the rest of the experiment. At the end of the study, the results of the masculinization rate were: 80.49%, 73.13%, 69.23%, 66.67% and 45.95% for T250;T200, TMT, T180 and T0 respectively. In summary, we can say that the 250 mg/kg dose provides better masculinization, followed by 200mg/kg and then 17 α MT. For the plant, the increase in the percentage of males is dose-dependent. These results also translate into better growth of individuals in this order. However, the relatively lower survival rates observed in batches treated with Nauclea latifolia extract indicate that these treatments could have a deleterious effect on the survival of Oreochromis niloticus larvae. These results suggest the use of N. latifolia extract at a dose of 250 mg/kg feed for better production of male O. niloticus larvae without compromising their growth.展开更多
In this paper,we study the optimal investment problem of an insurer whose surplus process follows the diffusion approximation of the classical Cramer-Lundberg model.Investment in the foreign markets is allowed,and the...In this paper,we study the optimal investment problem of an insurer whose surplus process follows the diffusion approximation of the classical Cramer-Lundberg model.Investment in the foreign markets is allowed,and therefore,the foreign exchange rate model is incorporated.Under the allowing of selling and borrowing,the problem of maximizing the expected exponential utility of terminal wealth is studied.By solving the corresponding Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations,the optimal investment strategies and value functions are obtained.Finally,numerical analysis is presented.展开更多
In this paper, we establish an SIR reaction-diffusion infectious disease model with saturated incidence rate and vaccination. Firstly, we prove the uniform boundedness of the solution of this model. Secondly, we estab...In this paper, we establish an SIR reaction-diffusion infectious disease model with saturated incidence rate and vaccination. Firstly, we prove the uniform boundedness of the solution of this model. Secondly, we establish the threshold dynamic behavior of the model based on the basic reproduction number R0, specifically, we prove the globally asymptotic stability of the disease-free equilibrium and the uniform persistence of the model. Thirdly, we show the existence and stability of the endemic equilibrium of the homogeneous system and obtain different cases of positive solution. Fourthly, we investigate the effects of vaccination rate and saturated incidence rate on the basic reproduction number. The results indicate that increasing vaccination rate and saturation rate can effectively control the transmission of the disease. Finally, we conduct numerical simulations to verify the aforementioned conclusions.展开更多
Two long-term slow slip events(SSEs) in Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska, were identified by Li SS et al.(2016). The earlier SSE lasted at least 9 years with M_(w) ~7.8 and had an average slip rate of ~82 mm/year. The latter ...Two long-term slow slip events(SSEs) in Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska, were identified by Li SS et al.(2016). The earlier SSE lasted at least 9 years with M_(w) ~7.8 and had an average slip rate of ~82 mm/year. The latter SSE, occurring in a similar area, lasted approximately 2 years with M_(w) ~7.2 and an average slip rate of ~91 mm/year. To test whether these SSEs triggered earthquakes near the slow slip area, we calculated the Coulomb stressing rate changes on receiver faults by using two fault geometry definitions: nodal planes of focal mechanism solutions of past earthquakes, and optimally oriented fault planes. Regions in the shallow slab(30–60 km) that experienced a significant increase in the Coulomb stressing rate due to slip by the SSEs showed an increase in seismicity rates during SSE periods. No correlation was found in the volumes that underwent a significant increase in the Coulomb stressing rate during the SSE within the crust and the intermediate slab. We modeled variations in seismicity rates by using a combination of the Coulomb stress transfer model and the framework of rate-and-state friction. Our model indicated that the SSEs increased the Coulomb stress changes on adjacent faults,thereby increasing the seismicity rates even though the ratio of the SSE stressing rate to the background stressing rate was small. Each long-term SSE in Alaska brought the megathrust updip of the SSE areas closer to failure by up to 0.1–0.15 MPa. The volumes of significant Coulomb stress changes caused by the Upper and Lower Cook Inlet SSEs did not overlap.展开更多
Orthogonal time frequency space(OTFS)can resist the Doppler effect and guarantee reliable communication in high-speed scenarios.However,the Doppler rate induced by the relative acceleration between the transmitter and...Orthogonal time frequency space(OTFS)can resist the Doppler effect and guarantee reliable communication in high-speed scenarios.However,the Doppler rate induced by the relative acceleration between the transmitter and receiver degrades the performance of the OTFS.So far,the impact of the Doppler rate on OTFS systems has not been addressed.In this paper,we first introduce the Doppler rate in the OTFS system and derive the delay-Doppler domain input-output relation.In addition,the impact of the Doppler rate on the effective delay-Doppler domain channel is characterized by utilizing the first mean value theorem for definite integrals to avoid complicated integrals.To mitigate the effect of the Doppler rate,a large-scale antenna array is arranged at the receiver to separate each path of the multi-path channel through a high-resolution spatial matched filter beamformer.Next,the Doppler rate estimation scheme for an arbitrary order Doppler rate is proposed based on the successive interference cancellation pattern and the maximization of the spectrum of the ratio of high-order moments between the received samples in the identified branch and the transmitted samples.Finally,the estimation accuracy of the Doppler rate and the error performance of the proposed transceiver are validated by the numerical results.展开更多
The process of disposing of expanded polystyrene (EPS) is by burning it in municipal incinerators. This process gives off EPS microplastics, which can find their way into water, food, blood, and major organ systems. Z...The process of disposing of expanded polystyrene (EPS) is by burning it in municipal incinerators. This process gives off EPS microplastics, which can find their way into water, food, blood, and major organ systems. Zophobas morio larvae are capable of consuming and breaking down EPS within their digestive tracts by minimizing the spread of microplastics. Studies of the consumption of EPS by Z. morio larvae are typically conducted under white or no visible light treatments. This study tested whether the color of visible light influenced the consumption rate of EPS by Z. morio larvae. If Z. morio larvae consume EPS under visible light, then visible light will influence the amount of EPS consumed. If results suggest that the consumption rate is influenced by visible light colors, then Z. morio larvae could be a solution for recycling EPS. This study’s procedure placed Z. morio larvae into 25 jars under one of six visible light treatments of red, yellow, green, blue, white, and no visible light. Each jar contained a pre-weighed block of EPS and six Z. morio larvae. After two weeks, the Z. morio larvae were removed from the jars, and the difference between each pre-weighed EPS block and the weight of the same partially consumed block was recorded in three trials. The data indicates that green and blue visible light treatments resulted in the greatest amount of EPS consumed by Z. morio larvae while the red and yellow had the least amount of EPS consumed by the Z. morio larvae. In conclusion, results indicate that green and blue visible light, compared to the no visible light treatment, could be used to influence the Z. morio larvae to consume more EPS. Green and blue visible light and Z. morio larvae could make the recycling process of EPS more environmentally friendly when used in households or by local environmental organizations.展开更多
BACKGROUND With an increase in the elderly population,the frequency of hospitalizations in recent years has also risen at a rapid pace.This,in turn,has resulted in poor outcomes and costly treatments.Hospitalization r...BACKGROUND With an increase in the elderly population,the frequency of hospitalizations in recent years has also risen at a rapid pace.This,in turn,has resulted in poor outcomes and costly treatments.Hospitalization rates increase in elderly patients due to a decline in glomerular filtration rate(GFR).AIM To investigate the connection between GFR and comorbidity and reasons for hospitalization in elderly patients.METHODS We analyzed patients aged 75 years and over who were admitted to the internal medicine clinic of a tertiary hospital in Eskisehir.At admission,we calculated GFR values using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study formula and classified them into six categories:G1,G2,G3a,G3b,G4,and G5.We analyzed associations with hospitalization diagnoses and comorbidity factors.RESULTS The average age of the patients was 80.8 years(±4.5 years).GFR was 57.287±29.5 mL/kg/1.73 m2 in women and 61.3±31.5 mL/kg/1.73 m2 in men(P=0.106).Most patients were admitted to the hospital at G2 stage(32.8%).The main reasons for hospitalization were anemia(34.4%and 28.6%)and malnutrition(20.9%and 20.8%)in women and men,respectively(P=0.078).The most frequent comor-bidity leading to hospitalization was arterial hypertension(n=168,28%),fo-llowed by diabetes(n=166,27.7%)(P=0.001).CONCLUSION When evaluating geriatric patients,low GFR alone does not provide sufficient information.Patients’comorbid factors should also be taken into account.There is no association between low GFR during hospitalization and hospitalization-Hamarat H.Aging and GFR related diagnoses.Knowing the GFR value before hospitalization will be more informative in such studies.展开更多
This study investigates extreme rainfall episodes along the eastern foothills of the Taihang Mountains in North China from 30 July to 1 August 2023.It focuses on two types of extreme hourly rainfall rates(HRRs),i.e.,t...This study investigates extreme rainfall episodes along the eastern foothills of the Taihang Mountains in North China from 30 July to 1 August 2023.It focuses on two types of extreme hourly rainfall rates(HRRs),i.e.,the maximum regionalaverage HRR and site-observed HRR,which exhibited sequential development over southern,middle,and northern key regions.These rainfall extremes occurred in an environment where a high-pressure barrier over North China prevented the intrusion of cold air masses from the north while a northward-moving typhoon remnant vortex and its associated low-level jet(LLJ)transported warm and moist airflow from the south.Two distinct echo evolution modes and convection initiation mechanisms are identified for the two types of extreme HRRs.The maximum regional-average HRR occurred when the LLJ arrived to the east of the key regions,while the maximum site-observed HRR occurred when the warmer vortex center influenced the regions.Taking the northern key region as a representation,at the time of the maximum regional-average HRR,slantwise ascent of the airflow along a warm-frontal-like boundary released energy related to symmetrical instability,resulting in stratiform rainfall with weak convective cores.The transport of locally initiated convection over the eastern plain region,where the atmospheric stratification was more potentially unstable,also significantly contributed.When the maximum site-observed HRR occurred,the terrain lifting of warm and moist southeast airflow led to intense convection over the mountain foothills.Overall,the passage of the warm-core typhoon remnant vortex and interaction with Taihang Mountains determined the timing and location of extreme HRRs across the key regions.展开更多
Quanto options allow the buyer to exchange the foreign currency payoff into the domestic currency at a fixed exchange rate. We investigate quanto options with multiple underlying assets valued in different foreign cur...Quanto options allow the buyer to exchange the foreign currency payoff into the domestic currency at a fixed exchange rate. We investigate quanto options with multiple underlying assets valued in different foreign currencies each with a different strike price in the payoff function. We carry out a comparative performance analysis of different stochastic volatility (SV), stochastic correlation (SC), and stochastic exchange rate (SER) models to determine the best combination of these models for Monte Carlo (MC) simulation pricing. In addition, we test the performance of all model variants with constant correlation as a benchmark. We find that a combination of GARCH-Jump SV, Weibull SC, and Ornstein Uhlenbeck (OU) SER performs best. In addition, we analyze different discretization schemes and their results. In our simulations, the Milstein scheme yields the best balance between execution times and lower standard deviations of price estimates. Furthermore, we find that incorporating mean reversion into stochastic correlation and stochastic FX rate modeling is beneficial for MC simulation pricing. We improve the accuracy of our simulations by implementing antithetic variates variance reduction. Finally, we derive the correlation risk parameters Cora and Gora in our framework so that correlation hedging of quanto options can be performed.展开更多
BACKGROUND Heart rate variability(HRV)represents efferent vagus nerve activity,which is suggested to be related to fundamental mechanisms of tumorigenesis and to be a predictor of prognosis in various cancers.Therefor...BACKGROUND Heart rate variability(HRV)represents efferent vagus nerve activity,which is suggested to be related to fundamental mechanisms of tumorigenesis and to be a predictor of prognosis in various cancers.Therefore,this study hypothesized that HRV monitoring could predict perioperative complication(PC)in colorectal cancer(CRC)patients.AIM To investigate the prognostic value of HRV in hospitalized CRC patients.METHODS The observational studies included 87 patients who underwent CRC surgical procedures under enhanced recovery after surgery programs in a first-class hospital.The HRV parameters were compared between the PC group and the non PC(NPC)group from preoperative day 1 to postoperative day(Pod)3.In addition,inflammatory biomarkers and nutritional indicators were also analyzed.RESULTS The complication rate was 14.9%.HRV was markedly abnormal after surgery,especially in the PC group.The frequency-domain parameters(including pNN50)and time-domain parameters[including high-frequency(HF)]of HRV were significantly different between the two groups postoperatively.The pNN50 was significantly greater at Pod1 in the PC group than that in the NPC group and returned to baseline at Pod2,suggesting that patients with complications exhibited autonomic nerve dysfunction in the early postoperative period.In the PC group,HFs were also enhanced from Pod1 and were significantly higher than in the NPC group;inflammatory biomarkers were significantly elevated at Pod2 and Pod3;the levels of nutritional indicators were significantly lower at Pod1 and Pod2;and the white blood cell count was slightly elevated at Pod3.CONCLUSION HRV is independently associated with postoperative complications in patients with CRC.Abnormal HRV could predicted an increased risk of postoperative complications in CRC patients.Continuous HRV could be used to monitor complications in patients with CRC during the perioperative period.展开更多
Torreya grandis'Merrillii'is a well-known nut in South China with high nutritional value.Severe premature seed abscission limits the industrial development of T.grandis by causing serious economic losses.Howev...Torreya grandis'Merrillii'is a well-known nut in South China with high nutritional value.Severe premature seed abscission limits the industrial development of T.grandis by causing serious economic losses.However,the physiological mechanisms of seed abscission in T.grandis remain poorly understood.To gain insight into the relationships between carbohydrate status and seed abscission,three-year-old seed-bearing branches were taken as representative materials for the entire tree.Furthermore,the time course of changes in the photosynthetic rate and the non-structural carbohydrate(NSC)dynamics were monitored in the main sources(the one-year-old and two-year-old shoots),and the dry weight and NSC levels of sinks(the seeds,current female cone cluster,and current vegetative cluster)across all seed development stages were recorded.The cumulative seed abscission rate significantly increased,reaching 91.5%from 0 to 72 days after seed protrusion time(SPT).NSC levels in the main sources significantly decreased by 56%-79%,accompanied by a significantly increased photosynthesis rate of 17.1%-49.1%during that period and increased NSC levels in the three sinks.The gene expression level of cell wall invertase(TgCWIN)was significantly correlated with sucrose,fructose,and glucose levels.The carbon storage capacity of the main sources significantly decreased from 6.03 to3.14 mmol C·d^(-1),with a stable photosynthetic capacity,from 0 to 72 days after SPT,whereas the carbon demand of the three sinks showed a continuously increasing trend from 3.14 to 7.71 mmol C·d^(-1).In addition,sucrose supplementation significantly decreased the cumulative seed abscission rate.These results suggest that storage carbohydrates play a major role in the regulatory mechanism of seed abscission in T.grandis.Our study provides a theoretical basis for improving T.grandis yield through establishing a better carbon balance between sources and sinks using timely fertilization or proper pruning procedures.展开更多
To address the contradiction between the explosive growth of wireless data and the limited spectrum resources,semantic communication has been emerging as a promising communication paradigm.In this paper,we thus design...To address the contradiction between the explosive growth of wireless data and the limited spectrum resources,semantic communication has been emerging as a promising communication paradigm.In this paper,we thus design a speech semantic coded communication system,referred to as Deep-STS(i.e.,Deep-learning based Speech To Speech),for the lowbandwidth speech communication.Specifically,we first deeply compress the speech data through extracting the textual information from the speech based on the conformer encoder and connectionist temporal classification decoder at the transmitter side of Deep-STS system.In order to facilitate the final speech timbre recovery,we also extract the short-term timbre feature of speech signals only for the starting 2s duration by the long short-term memory network.Then,the Reed-Solomon coding and hybrid automatic repeat request protocol are applied to improve the reliability of transmitting the extracted text and timbre feature over the wireless channel.Third,we reconstruct the speech signal by the mel spectrogram prediction network and vocoder,when the extracted text is received along with the timbre feature at the receiver of Deep-STS system.Finally,we develop the demo system based on the USRP and GNU radio for the performance evaluation of Deep-STS.Numerical results show that the ac-Received:Jan.17,2024 Revised:Jun.12,2024 Editor:Niu Kai curacy of text extraction approaches 95%,and the mel cepstral distortion between the recovered speech signal and the original one in the spectrum domain is less than 10.Furthermore,the experimental results show that the proposed Deep-STS system can reduce the total delay of speech communication by 85%on average compared to the G.723 coding at the transmission rate of 5.4 kbps.More importantly,the coding rate of the proposed Deep-STS system is extremely low,only 0.2 kbps for continuous speech communication.It is worth noting that the Deep-STS with lower coding rate can support the low-zero-power speech communication,unveiling a new era in ultra-efficient coded communications.展开更多
Kinesin is an archetypal microtubule-based molecular motor that can generate force to transport cargo in cells. The load dependence of the detachment rate is an important factor of the kinesin motor, the determination...Kinesin is an archetypal microtubule-based molecular motor that can generate force to transport cargo in cells. The load dependence of the detachment rate is an important factor of the kinesin motor, the determination of which is critically related to the chemomechanical coupling mechanism of the motor. Here, we use three models for the load dependence of the detachment rate of the kinesin motor to study theoretically and numerically the maximal force generated and microtubuleattachment duration of the motor. By comparing the theoretical and numerical results with the available experimental data,we show that only one model can explain well the available experimental data, indicating that only this model can be applicable to the kinesin motor.展开更多
The content of soluble sugars is a vital parameter that indicates the quality of fleshy fruits such as apple(Malus domestica Borkh.).Studying the patterns of accumulation of soluble sugars and regulatory mechanisms as...The content of soluble sugars is a vital parameter that indicates the quality of fleshy fruits such as apple(Malus domestica Borkh.).Studying the patterns of accumulation of soluble sugars and regulatory mechanisms associated with fruit development is crucial for breeding improved fruit varieties.Here,we report that MdCIbHLH1,a low temperature-induced b HLH transcription factor,inhibits the accumulation of soluble sugars by regulating sugar-metabolizing enzyme activities,photosynthetic performance,and the expression of sugar-related genes in developing apple fruits.MdCIbHLH1 inhibits MdFBP and MdPEPCK expression,thus blocking the conversion of acids to sugars in apple fruits.We also discovered that MdCIbHLH1 decreases the photosynthetic rate and carbohydrate accumulation in apple leaves.Our results suggest that soluble sugar accumulation in apple fruits is influenced by multiple factors,including metabolic status,photosynthesis,and carbohydrate allocation.MdCIbHLH1 is critically involved in controlling the accumulation of soluble sugars by coordinating carbohydrate synthesis and allocation,thus influencing sugar transport and its metabolism during the development of apple fruits.展开更多
BACKGROUND Surgery is the gold standard for gallstone treatment.Nevertheless,the complications associated with the surgical procedure can exert diverse and adverse impacts on patients’health and quality of life to va...BACKGROUND Surgery is the gold standard for gallstone treatment.Nevertheless,the complications associated with the surgical procedure can exert diverse and adverse impacts on patients’health and quality of life to varying extents.Hence,it is essential to offer perioperative care to patients undergoing gallstone surgery.AIM To examine the impact of perioperative comprehensive nursing on pain intensity,complication rates,and patient comfort in individuals undergoing gallstone surgery.METHODS From February 2022 to February 2024,195 patients who underwent gallstone surgery at Sanmen People’s Hospital were selected and divided into two groups:A control group receiving routine nursing care(95 patients)and a research group receiving perioperative comprehensive nursing(100 patients).Key postoperative recovery indicators,including time to first postoperative anal exhaust,oral food intake,and ambulation,were observed,along with pain intensity(measured by the numeric rating scale),complication rate(bleeding,incision infection,recurrence),patient comfort(assessed using the visual analogue scale),and quality of life(measured by the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF).RESULTS The research group showed significantly shorter times to first postoperative anal exhaust,oral intake,and ambulation.Moreover,numeric rating scale pain scores in the research group were markedly lower post-nursing,and the total complication rate was significantly reduced compared to the control group.Furthermore,comfort levels improved considerably in the research group,and World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF scores across the physical,psychological,social,and environmental domains were significantly higher compared to the control group following nursing care.CONCLUSION Perioperative comprehensive nursing effectively enhances postoperative recovery in patients undergoing gallstone surgery,reducing pain,lowering complications,and improving patient comfort and quality of life,which deserves clinical application.展开更多
Although time-dependent deformation of geomaterials underpins slope-failure prediction models,the influence of strain rate on shearing strength and deformation behavior of loess remains unclear.The consolidated undrai...Although time-dependent deformation of geomaterials underpins slope-failure prediction models,the influence of strain rate on shearing strength and deformation behavior of loess remains unclear.The consolidated undrained(CU)and drained(CD)triaxial testing elucidated the impact of strain rate(0.005–0.3 mm/min)on strength envelopes,deformation moduli,pore pressures,and dilatancy characteristics of unsaturated and quasi-saturated loess.Under drained conditions with a controlled matric suction of 50 kPa,increasing strain rates from 0.005 mm/min to 0.011 mm/min induced decreases in failure deviatoric stress(qf),initial deformation modulus(Ei),and cohesion(c),while friction angles remained unaffected.Specimens displayed initial contractive volumetric strains transitioning to dilation across varying confining pressures.Higher rates diminished contractive volumetric strains and drainage volumes,indicating reduced densification and strength in the shear zone.Under undrained conditions,both unsaturated and quasi-saturated(pore pressure coefficient B=0.75)loess exhibited deteriorating mechanical properties with increasing rates from 0.03 mm/min to 0.3 mm/min.For unsaturated loess,reduced contractive volumetric strains at higher rates manifested relatively looser structures in the pre-peak stress phase.The strength decrement in quasi-saturated loess arose from elevated excess porewater pressures diminishing effective stresses.Negative porewater pressures emerged in quasi-saturated loess at lower confining pressures and strain rates.Compared to previous studies,the qf and Ei exhibited rate sensitivity below threshold values before attaining minima with marginal subsequent influence.The underlying mechanism mirrors the transition from creep to accelerated deformation phase of landslides.展开更多
Tensile cracking is a predominant mode of failure in rocks within underground resource excavation and engineering structures,where rocks are frequently subjected to dynamic disturbances while simultaneously experienci...Tensile cracking is a predominant mode of failure in rocks within underground resource excavation and engineering structures,where rocks are frequently subjected to dynamic disturbances while simultaneously experiencing in-situ stresses.This paper proposes a new dynamic split tension setup utilising a cubic specimen to investigate the dynamic behaviour of rocks across various tensile strain rates and confining pressures.The objective is to extend the applicability of the triaxial Hopkinson bar in studying dynamic behaviour of geomaterials.For comparison,the dynamic Brazilian disc(BD)tests were performed using three rock types(e.g.,sandstone,granite and marble)under different strain rates ranging from 10^(−3)∼10^(2) s^(−1).Besides,the Digital Image Correlation(DIC)technique was adopted to measure full-field real-time tensile strain of rocks and demonstrated that tensile crack initiated at the middle part and split the specimen into two similar halves.Effects of specimen size,geometry,loading rate as well as the confining pressure are investigated in detail.The dynamic fracture behaviours,including dynamic tensile strength,tensile strain,time to fracture and dynamic increase factor(DIF),were characterised for the rocks.It is found that dynamic tensile strength of rock minimal dependence on size and geometry but is significantly influenced by loading rate and confinement.It exhibited a linear increase with strain rate(10^(0)∼10^(2) s^(−1))and demonstrated a nonlinear growth with lateral confinement from 0 to 15 MPa.The nonlinear dependency on confinement can be attributed to the restriction imposed on the opening and propagation of tensile cracks due to the presence of confinement.These findings enhance our understanding of the safety aspects associated with underground rock excavations,particularly in situations where considering in-situ stress is crucial for evaluating the dynamic tensile failure of rocks.展开更多
To monitor nuclear and radiation emergencies,it is crucial to obtain accurate in situ measurements of the environmentalγ radiation dose rate from key radionuclides,particularly for large radioactive surface sources.T...To monitor nuclear and radiation emergencies,it is crucial to obtain accurate in situ measurements of the environmentalγ radiation dose rate from key radionuclides,particularly for large radioactive surface sources.The methods currently used for measuring dose rates are inadequate for obtaining the dose rates of key radionuclides and have large angular response errors when monitoring surface sources.To address this practical problem,this study proposes three methods for measuring the dose rate:the weighted peak total ratio,mean value regression,and numerical integration methods.These methods are based on energy-spectrum measurement data,and they were theoretically derived and numerically evaluated.Finally,a 1-m-long hexagonal radioactive surface source was integrated into a larger surface source.In situ measurement experiments were conducted on a large radioactive surface source using a dose-rate meter and a portable HPGespectrometer to analyze the errors of the three aforementioned methods and verify their validity.展开更多
文摘Grain-oriented silicon steels were prepared at different heating rates during high temperature annealing,in which the evolution of magnetic properties,grain orientations and precipitates were studied.To illustrate the Zener factor,the diameter and number density of precipitates of interrupted testing samples were statistically calculated.The effect of precipitate ripening on the Goss texture and magnetic property was investigated.Data indicated that the trend of Zener factor was similar under different heating rates,first increasing and then decreasing,and that the precipitate maturing was greatly inhibited as the heating rate increased.Secondary recrystallization was developed at the temperature of 1010℃when a heating rate of 5℃/h was used,resulting in Goss,Brass and{110}<227>oriented grains growing abnormally and a magnetic induction intensity of 1.90T.Furthermore,increasing the heating rate to 20℃/h would inhibit the development of undesirable oriented grains and obtain a sharp Goss texture.However,when the heating rate was extremely fast,such as 40℃/h,poor secondary recrystallization was developed with many island grains,corresponding to a decrease in magnetic induction intensity to 1.87 T.At a suitable heating rate of 20℃/h,the sharpest Goss texture and the highest magnetic induction of 1.94 T with an onset secondary recrystallization temperature of 1020℃were found among the experimental variables in this study.The heating rate affected the initial temperature of secondary recrystallization by controlling the maturation of precipitates,leading to the deviation and dispersion of Goss texture,thereby reducing the magnetic properties.
基金Supported by the Short-wave Infrared Camera Systems(B025F40622024)。
文摘The accuracy of spot centroid positioning has a significant impact on the tracking accuracy of the system and the stability of the laser link construction.In satellite laser communication systems,the use of short-wave infrared wavelengths as beacon light can reduce atmospheric absorption and signal attenuation.However,there are strong non-uniformity and blind pixels in the short-wave infrared image,which makes the image distorted and leads to the decrease of spot centroid positioning accuracy.Therefore,the high-precision localization of the spot centroid of the short-wave infrared images is of great research significance.A high-precision spot centroid positioning model for short-wave infrared is proposed to correct for non-uniformity and blind pixels in short-wave infrared images and quantify the localization errors caused by the two,further model-based localization error simulations are performed,and a novel spot centroid positioning payload for satellite laser communications has been designed using the latest 640×512 planar array InGaAs shortwave infrared detector.The experimental results show that the non-uniformity of the corrected image is reduced from 7%to 0.6%,the blind pixels rejection rate reaches 100%,the frame rate can be up to 2000 Hz,and the spot centroid localization accuracy is as high as 0.1 pixel point,which realizes high-precision spot centroid localization of high-frame-frequency short-wave infrared images.
文摘One of the main obstacles to the development of aquaculture in Senegal is the availability of fry and juveniles in sufficient quantities. The objective of our study is to evaluate the effects of treatment with the hormone 17 alpha methyl testosterone (17-&-MT) and different doses of Nauclea latifolia root powder on the masculinization rates of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus larvae in Senegal. A total of 450 larvae of Oreochromis niloticus, with an average size of 0.012 g, were placed in 15 aquariums, each containing 30 individuals and fed one of the 5 diets in triplicate. These individuals were fed either a diet containing a plant extract at a dose of 180 mg (T180), 200 mg (T200) and 250 mg (T250) per kg of food, or a diet containing 60 mg/kg of the hormone 17-&-MT (TMT), or a diet without either the plant extract or the hormone (T0). Individuals were fed for 30 days with the treatment diets, and then with the industrial feed for the rest of the experiment. At the end of the study, the results of the masculinization rate were: 80.49%, 73.13%, 69.23%, 66.67% and 45.95% for T250;T200, TMT, T180 and T0 respectively. In summary, we can say that the 250 mg/kg dose provides better masculinization, followed by 200mg/kg and then 17 α MT. For the plant, the increase in the percentage of males is dose-dependent. These results also translate into better growth of individuals in this order. However, the relatively lower survival rates observed in batches treated with Nauclea latifolia extract indicate that these treatments could have a deleterious effect on the survival of Oreochromis niloticus larvae. These results suggest the use of N. latifolia extract at a dose of 250 mg/kg feed for better production of male O. niloticus larvae without compromising their growth.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12301603).
文摘In this paper,we study the optimal investment problem of an insurer whose surplus process follows the diffusion approximation of the classical Cramer-Lundberg model.Investment in the foreign markets is allowed,and therefore,the foreign exchange rate model is incorporated.Under the allowing of selling and borrowing,the problem of maximizing the expected exponential utility of terminal wealth is studied.By solving the corresponding Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations,the optimal investment strategies and value functions are obtained.Finally,numerical analysis is presented.
文摘In this paper, we establish an SIR reaction-diffusion infectious disease model with saturated incidence rate and vaccination. Firstly, we prove the uniform boundedness of the solution of this model. Secondly, we establish the threshold dynamic behavior of the model based on the basic reproduction number R0, specifically, we prove the globally asymptotic stability of the disease-free equilibrium and the uniform persistence of the model. Thirdly, we show the existence and stability of the endemic equilibrium of the homogeneous system and obtain different cases of positive solution. Fourthly, we investigate the effects of vaccination rate and saturated incidence rate on the basic reproduction number. The results indicate that increasing vaccination rate and saturation rate can effectively control the transmission of the disease. Finally, we conduct numerical simulations to verify the aforementioned conclusions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 42104001)。
文摘Two long-term slow slip events(SSEs) in Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska, were identified by Li SS et al.(2016). The earlier SSE lasted at least 9 years with M_(w) ~7.8 and had an average slip rate of ~82 mm/year. The latter SSE, occurring in a similar area, lasted approximately 2 years with M_(w) ~7.2 and an average slip rate of ~91 mm/year. To test whether these SSEs triggered earthquakes near the slow slip area, we calculated the Coulomb stressing rate changes on receiver faults by using two fault geometry definitions: nodal planes of focal mechanism solutions of past earthquakes, and optimally oriented fault planes. Regions in the shallow slab(30–60 km) that experienced a significant increase in the Coulomb stressing rate due to slip by the SSEs showed an increase in seismicity rates during SSE periods. No correlation was found in the volumes that underwent a significant increase in the Coulomb stressing rate during the SSE within the crust and the intermediate slab. We modeled variations in seismicity rates by using a combination of the Coulomb stress transfer model and the framework of rate-and-state friction. Our model indicated that the SSEs increased the Coulomb stress changes on adjacent faults,thereby increasing the seismicity rates even though the ratio of the SSE stressing rate to the background stressing rate was small. Each long-term SSE in Alaska brought the megathrust updip of the SSE areas closer to failure by up to 0.1–0.15 MPa. The volumes of significant Coulomb stress changes caused by the Upper and Lower Cook Inlet SSEs did not overlap.
基金supported in part by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No.2022JBQY004the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.62471026 and 62221001+3 种基金the Zhongguancun Xin Xi Disruptive Technology Innovation Foundation under Grant No.ZZ-2024-001the Joint Funds for Railway Fundamental Research of National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.U2368201the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation BX20240471ZTE Industry-University-Institute Cooperation Funds under Grant No.HC-CN-03-2019-12。
文摘Orthogonal time frequency space(OTFS)can resist the Doppler effect and guarantee reliable communication in high-speed scenarios.However,the Doppler rate induced by the relative acceleration between the transmitter and receiver degrades the performance of the OTFS.So far,the impact of the Doppler rate on OTFS systems has not been addressed.In this paper,we first introduce the Doppler rate in the OTFS system and derive the delay-Doppler domain input-output relation.In addition,the impact of the Doppler rate on the effective delay-Doppler domain channel is characterized by utilizing the first mean value theorem for definite integrals to avoid complicated integrals.To mitigate the effect of the Doppler rate,a large-scale antenna array is arranged at the receiver to separate each path of the multi-path channel through a high-resolution spatial matched filter beamformer.Next,the Doppler rate estimation scheme for an arbitrary order Doppler rate is proposed based on the successive interference cancellation pattern and the maximization of the spectrum of the ratio of high-order moments between the received samples in the identified branch and the transmitted samples.Finally,the estimation accuracy of the Doppler rate and the error performance of the proposed transceiver are validated by the numerical results.
文摘The process of disposing of expanded polystyrene (EPS) is by burning it in municipal incinerators. This process gives off EPS microplastics, which can find their way into water, food, blood, and major organ systems. Zophobas morio larvae are capable of consuming and breaking down EPS within their digestive tracts by minimizing the spread of microplastics. Studies of the consumption of EPS by Z. morio larvae are typically conducted under white or no visible light treatments. This study tested whether the color of visible light influenced the consumption rate of EPS by Z. morio larvae. If Z. morio larvae consume EPS under visible light, then visible light will influence the amount of EPS consumed. If results suggest that the consumption rate is influenced by visible light colors, then Z. morio larvae could be a solution for recycling EPS. This study’s procedure placed Z. morio larvae into 25 jars under one of six visible light treatments of red, yellow, green, blue, white, and no visible light. Each jar contained a pre-weighed block of EPS and six Z. morio larvae. After two weeks, the Z. morio larvae were removed from the jars, and the difference between each pre-weighed EPS block and the weight of the same partially consumed block was recorded in three trials. The data indicates that green and blue visible light treatments resulted in the greatest amount of EPS consumed by Z. morio larvae while the red and yellow had the least amount of EPS consumed by the Z. morio larvae. In conclusion, results indicate that green and blue visible light, compared to the no visible light treatment, could be used to influence the Z. morio larvae to consume more EPS. Green and blue visible light and Z. morio larvae could make the recycling process of EPS more environmentally friendly when used in households or by local environmental organizations.
文摘BACKGROUND With an increase in the elderly population,the frequency of hospitalizations in recent years has also risen at a rapid pace.This,in turn,has resulted in poor outcomes and costly treatments.Hospitalization rates increase in elderly patients due to a decline in glomerular filtration rate(GFR).AIM To investigate the connection between GFR and comorbidity and reasons for hospitalization in elderly patients.METHODS We analyzed patients aged 75 years and over who were admitted to the internal medicine clinic of a tertiary hospital in Eskisehir.At admission,we calculated GFR values using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study formula and classified them into six categories:G1,G2,G3a,G3b,G4,and G5.We analyzed associations with hospitalization diagnoses and comorbidity factors.RESULTS The average age of the patients was 80.8 years(±4.5 years).GFR was 57.287±29.5 mL/kg/1.73 m2 in women and 61.3±31.5 mL/kg/1.73 m2 in men(P=0.106).Most patients were admitted to the hospital at G2 stage(32.8%).The main reasons for hospitalization were anemia(34.4%and 28.6%)and malnutrition(20.9%and 20.8%)in women and men,respectively(P=0.078).The most frequent comor-bidity leading to hospitalization was arterial hypertension(n=168,28%),fo-llowed by diabetes(n=166,27.7%)(P=0.001).CONCLUSION When evaluating geriatric patients,low GFR alone does not provide sufficient information.Patients’comorbid factors should also be taken into account.There is no association between low GFR during hospitalization and hospitalization-Hamarat H.Aging and GFR related diagnoses.Knowing the GFR value before hospitalization will be more informative in such studies.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC3003903)Natural Science Foundation of Beijing(Grant No.8222079)and of China(Grant No.42475014,U2442204)the Basic Research Fund of CAMS(2023Z001).
文摘This study investigates extreme rainfall episodes along the eastern foothills of the Taihang Mountains in North China from 30 July to 1 August 2023.It focuses on two types of extreme hourly rainfall rates(HRRs),i.e.,the maximum regionalaverage HRR and site-observed HRR,which exhibited sequential development over southern,middle,and northern key regions.These rainfall extremes occurred in an environment where a high-pressure barrier over North China prevented the intrusion of cold air masses from the north while a northward-moving typhoon remnant vortex and its associated low-level jet(LLJ)transported warm and moist airflow from the south.Two distinct echo evolution modes and convection initiation mechanisms are identified for the two types of extreme HRRs.The maximum regional-average HRR occurred when the LLJ arrived to the east of the key regions,while the maximum site-observed HRR occurred when the warmer vortex center influenced the regions.Taking the northern key region as a representation,at the time of the maximum regional-average HRR,slantwise ascent of the airflow along a warm-frontal-like boundary released energy related to symmetrical instability,resulting in stratiform rainfall with weak convective cores.The transport of locally initiated convection over the eastern plain region,where the atmospheric stratification was more potentially unstable,also significantly contributed.When the maximum site-observed HRR occurred,the terrain lifting of warm and moist southeast airflow led to intense convection over the mountain foothills.Overall,the passage of the warm-core typhoon remnant vortex and interaction with Taihang Mountains determined the timing and location of extreme HRRs across the key regions.
文摘Quanto options allow the buyer to exchange the foreign currency payoff into the domestic currency at a fixed exchange rate. We investigate quanto options with multiple underlying assets valued in different foreign currencies each with a different strike price in the payoff function. We carry out a comparative performance analysis of different stochastic volatility (SV), stochastic correlation (SC), and stochastic exchange rate (SER) models to determine the best combination of these models for Monte Carlo (MC) simulation pricing. In addition, we test the performance of all model variants with constant correlation as a benchmark. We find that a combination of GARCH-Jump SV, Weibull SC, and Ornstein Uhlenbeck (OU) SER performs best. In addition, we analyze different discretization schemes and their results. In our simulations, the Milstein scheme yields the best balance between execution times and lower standard deviations of price estimates. Furthermore, we find that incorporating mean reversion into stochastic correlation and stochastic FX rate modeling is beneficial for MC simulation pricing. We improve the accuracy of our simulations by implementing antithetic variates variance reduction. Finally, we derive the correlation risk parameters Cora and Gora in our framework so that correlation hedging of quanto options can be performed.
基金Supported by The Natural Science Foundation of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,No.XZR2021019The Outstanding Young Doctor Program of Jiangsu Province of Chinese Medicine,No.2023QB0140+1 种基金Project of National Clinical Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Jiangsu Province,No.JD2022SZ18The Natural Science Foundation of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,No.KYCX21_1710.
文摘BACKGROUND Heart rate variability(HRV)represents efferent vagus nerve activity,which is suggested to be related to fundamental mechanisms of tumorigenesis and to be a predictor of prognosis in various cancers.Therefore,this study hypothesized that HRV monitoring could predict perioperative complication(PC)in colorectal cancer(CRC)patients.AIM To investigate the prognostic value of HRV in hospitalized CRC patients.METHODS The observational studies included 87 patients who underwent CRC surgical procedures under enhanced recovery after surgery programs in a first-class hospital.The HRV parameters were compared between the PC group and the non PC(NPC)group from preoperative day 1 to postoperative day(Pod)3.In addition,inflammatory biomarkers and nutritional indicators were also analyzed.RESULTS The complication rate was 14.9%.HRV was markedly abnormal after surgery,especially in the PC group.The frequency-domain parameters(including pNN50)and time-domain parameters[including high-frequency(HF)]of HRV were significantly different between the two groups postoperatively.The pNN50 was significantly greater at Pod1 in the PC group than that in the NPC group and returned to baseline at Pod2,suggesting that patients with complications exhibited autonomic nerve dysfunction in the early postoperative period.In the PC group,HFs were also enhanced from Pod1 and were significantly higher than in the NPC group;inflammatory biomarkers were significantly elevated at Pod2 and Pod3;the levels of nutritional indicators were significantly lower at Pod1 and Pod2;and the white blood cell count was slightly elevated at Pod3.CONCLUSION HRV is independently associated with postoperative complications in patients with CRC.Abnormal HRV could predicted an increased risk of postoperative complications in CRC patients.Continuous HRV could be used to monitor complications in patients with CRC during the perioperative period.
基金supported by grants from the National Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U20A2049 and 32271922)。
文摘Torreya grandis'Merrillii'is a well-known nut in South China with high nutritional value.Severe premature seed abscission limits the industrial development of T.grandis by causing serious economic losses.However,the physiological mechanisms of seed abscission in T.grandis remain poorly understood.To gain insight into the relationships between carbohydrate status and seed abscission,three-year-old seed-bearing branches were taken as representative materials for the entire tree.Furthermore,the time course of changes in the photosynthetic rate and the non-structural carbohydrate(NSC)dynamics were monitored in the main sources(the one-year-old and two-year-old shoots),and the dry weight and NSC levels of sinks(the seeds,current female cone cluster,and current vegetative cluster)across all seed development stages were recorded.The cumulative seed abscission rate significantly increased,reaching 91.5%from 0 to 72 days after seed protrusion time(SPT).NSC levels in the main sources significantly decreased by 56%-79%,accompanied by a significantly increased photosynthesis rate of 17.1%-49.1%during that period and increased NSC levels in the three sinks.The gene expression level of cell wall invertase(TgCWIN)was significantly correlated with sucrose,fructose,and glucose levels.The carbon storage capacity of the main sources significantly decreased from 6.03 to3.14 mmol C·d^(-1),with a stable photosynthetic capacity,from 0 to 72 days after SPT,whereas the carbon demand of the three sinks showed a continuously increasing trend from 3.14 to 7.71 mmol C·d^(-1).In addition,sucrose supplementation significantly decreased the cumulative seed abscission rate.These results suggest that storage carbohydrates play a major role in the regulatory mechanism of seed abscission in T.grandis.Our study provides a theoretical basis for improving T.grandis yield through establishing a better carbon balance between sources and sinks using timely fertilization or proper pruning procedures.
基金supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 62122069,62071431,and 62201507.
文摘To address the contradiction between the explosive growth of wireless data and the limited spectrum resources,semantic communication has been emerging as a promising communication paradigm.In this paper,we thus design a speech semantic coded communication system,referred to as Deep-STS(i.e.,Deep-learning based Speech To Speech),for the lowbandwidth speech communication.Specifically,we first deeply compress the speech data through extracting the textual information from the speech based on the conformer encoder and connectionist temporal classification decoder at the transmitter side of Deep-STS system.In order to facilitate the final speech timbre recovery,we also extract the short-term timbre feature of speech signals only for the starting 2s duration by the long short-term memory network.Then,the Reed-Solomon coding and hybrid automatic repeat request protocol are applied to improve the reliability of transmitting the extracted text and timbre feature over the wireless channel.Third,we reconstruct the speech signal by the mel spectrogram prediction network and vocoder,when the extracted text is received along with the timbre feature at the receiver of Deep-STS system.Finally,we develop the demo system based on the USRP and GNU radio for the performance evaluation of Deep-STS.Numerical results show that the ac-Received:Jan.17,2024 Revised:Jun.12,2024 Editor:Niu Kai curacy of text extraction approaches 95%,and the mel cepstral distortion between the recovered speech signal and the original one in the spectrum domain is less than 10.Furthermore,the experimental results show that the proposed Deep-STS system can reduce the total delay of speech communication by 85%on average compared to the G.723 coding at the transmission rate of 5.4 kbps.More importantly,the coding rate of the proposed Deep-STS system is extremely low,only 0.2 kbps for continuous speech communication.It is worth noting that the Deep-STS with lower coding rate can support the low-zero-power speech communication,unveiling a new era in ultra-efficient coded communications.
基金Project supported by Youth Project of Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Education Commission of China (Grant No. KJQN202404522)。
文摘Kinesin is an archetypal microtubule-based molecular motor that can generate force to transport cargo in cells. The load dependence of the detachment rate is an important factor of the kinesin motor, the determination of which is critically related to the chemomechanical coupling mechanism of the motor. Here, we use three models for the load dependence of the detachment rate of the kinesin motor to study theoretically and numerically the maximal force generated and microtubuleattachment duration of the motor. By comparing the theoretical and numerical results with the available experimental data,we show that only one model can explain well the available experimental data, indicating that only this model can be applicable to the kinesin motor.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32122080,31972375)Shandong Province(Grant No.ZR2020YQ25)。
文摘The content of soluble sugars is a vital parameter that indicates the quality of fleshy fruits such as apple(Malus domestica Borkh.).Studying the patterns of accumulation of soluble sugars and regulatory mechanisms associated with fruit development is crucial for breeding improved fruit varieties.Here,we report that MdCIbHLH1,a low temperature-induced b HLH transcription factor,inhibits the accumulation of soluble sugars by regulating sugar-metabolizing enzyme activities,photosynthetic performance,and the expression of sugar-related genes in developing apple fruits.MdCIbHLH1 inhibits MdFBP and MdPEPCK expression,thus blocking the conversion of acids to sugars in apple fruits.We also discovered that MdCIbHLH1 decreases the photosynthetic rate and carbohydrate accumulation in apple leaves.Our results suggest that soluble sugar accumulation in apple fruits is influenced by multiple factors,including metabolic status,photosynthesis,and carbohydrate allocation.MdCIbHLH1 is critically involved in controlling the accumulation of soluble sugars by coordinating carbohydrate synthesis and allocation,thus influencing sugar transport and its metabolism during the development of apple fruits.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Program of Sanmen County Public Technology Social Development Project,No.24227.
文摘BACKGROUND Surgery is the gold standard for gallstone treatment.Nevertheless,the complications associated with the surgical procedure can exert diverse and adverse impacts on patients’health and quality of life to varying extents.Hence,it is essential to offer perioperative care to patients undergoing gallstone surgery.AIM To examine the impact of perioperative comprehensive nursing on pain intensity,complication rates,and patient comfort in individuals undergoing gallstone surgery.METHODS From February 2022 to February 2024,195 patients who underwent gallstone surgery at Sanmen People’s Hospital were selected and divided into two groups:A control group receiving routine nursing care(95 patients)and a research group receiving perioperative comprehensive nursing(100 patients).Key postoperative recovery indicators,including time to first postoperative anal exhaust,oral food intake,and ambulation,were observed,along with pain intensity(measured by the numeric rating scale),complication rate(bleeding,incision infection,recurrence),patient comfort(assessed using the visual analogue scale),and quality of life(measured by the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF).RESULTS The research group showed significantly shorter times to first postoperative anal exhaust,oral intake,and ambulation.Moreover,numeric rating scale pain scores in the research group were markedly lower post-nursing,and the total complication rate was significantly reduced compared to the control group.Furthermore,comfort levels improved considerably in the research group,and World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF scores across the physical,psychological,social,and environmental domains were significantly higher compared to the control group following nursing care.CONCLUSION Perioperative comprehensive nursing effectively enhances postoperative recovery in patients undergoing gallstone surgery,reducing pain,lowering complications,and improving patient comfort and quality of life,which deserves clinical application.
文摘Although time-dependent deformation of geomaterials underpins slope-failure prediction models,the influence of strain rate on shearing strength and deformation behavior of loess remains unclear.The consolidated undrained(CU)and drained(CD)triaxial testing elucidated the impact of strain rate(0.005–0.3 mm/min)on strength envelopes,deformation moduli,pore pressures,and dilatancy characteristics of unsaturated and quasi-saturated loess.Under drained conditions with a controlled matric suction of 50 kPa,increasing strain rates from 0.005 mm/min to 0.011 mm/min induced decreases in failure deviatoric stress(qf),initial deformation modulus(Ei),and cohesion(c),while friction angles remained unaffected.Specimens displayed initial contractive volumetric strains transitioning to dilation across varying confining pressures.Higher rates diminished contractive volumetric strains and drainage volumes,indicating reduced densification and strength in the shear zone.Under undrained conditions,both unsaturated and quasi-saturated(pore pressure coefficient B=0.75)loess exhibited deteriorating mechanical properties with increasing rates from 0.03 mm/min to 0.3 mm/min.For unsaturated loess,reduced contractive volumetric strains at higher rates manifested relatively looser structures in the pre-peak stress phase.The strength decrement in quasi-saturated loess arose from elevated excess porewater pressures diminishing effective stresses.Negative porewater pressures emerged in quasi-saturated loess at lower confining pressures and strain rates.Compared to previous studies,the qf and Ei exhibited rate sensitivity below threshold values before attaining minima with marginal subsequent influence.The underlying mechanism mirrors the transition from creep to accelerated deformation phase of landslides.
基金supported by the Australian Research Council(LE150100058)the Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering(Z020002)State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control.The specimens were scanned at the Imaging and Medical beamline(IMBL)under the Australian Synchrotron projects(NO:M15862 and M14428).
文摘Tensile cracking is a predominant mode of failure in rocks within underground resource excavation and engineering structures,where rocks are frequently subjected to dynamic disturbances while simultaneously experiencing in-situ stresses.This paper proposes a new dynamic split tension setup utilising a cubic specimen to investigate the dynamic behaviour of rocks across various tensile strain rates and confining pressures.The objective is to extend the applicability of the triaxial Hopkinson bar in studying dynamic behaviour of geomaterials.For comparison,the dynamic Brazilian disc(BD)tests were performed using three rock types(e.g.,sandstone,granite and marble)under different strain rates ranging from 10^(−3)∼10^(2) s^(−1).Besides,the Digital Image Correlation(DIC)technique was adopted to measure full-field real-time tensile strain of rocks and demonstrated that tensile crack initiated at the middle part and split the specimen into two similar halves.Effects of specimen size,geometry,loading rate as well as the confining pressure are investigated in detail.The dynamic fracture behaviours,including dynamic tensile strength,tensile strain,time to fracture and dynamic increase factor(DIF),were characterised for the rocks.It is found that dynamic tensile strength of rock minimal dependence on size and geometry but is significantly influenced by loading rate and confinement.It exhibited a linear increase with strain rate(10^(0)∼10^(2) s^(−1))and demonstrated a nonlinear growth with lateral confinement from 0 to 15 MPa.The nonlinear dependency on confinement can be attributed to the restriction imposed on the opening and propagation of tensile cracks due to the presence of confinement.These findings enhance our understanding of the safety aspects associated with underground rock excavations,particularly in situations where considering in-situ stress is crucial for evaluating the dynamic tensile failure of rocks.
文摘To monitor nuclear and radiation emergencies,it is crucial to obtain accurate in situ measurements of the environmentalγ radiation dose rate from key radionuclides,particularly for large radioactive surface sources.The methods currently used for measuring dose rates are inadequate for obtaining the dose rates of key radionuclides and have large angular response errors when monitoring surface sources.To address this practical problem,this study proposes three methods for measuring the dose rate:the weighted peak total ratio,mean value regression,and numerical integration methods.These methods are based on energy-spectrum measurement data,and they were theoretically derived and numerically evaluated.Finally,a 1-m-long hexagonal radioactive surface source was integrated into a larger surface source.In situ measurement experiments were conducted on a large radioactive surface source using a dose-rate meter and a portable HPGespectrometer to analyze the errors of the three aforementioned methods and verify their validity.
