A lot of research has been focused on the necking process during the plastic deformation of sheet metals, but the localized necking is rarely distinguished form diffused necking by experiments, due to the limit of mea...A lot of research has been focused on the necking process during the plastic deformation of sheet metals, but the localized necking is rarely distinguished form diffused necking by experiments, due to the limit of measurement equipment and method. Quenching and Partitioning (Q&P) steel is a 3rd generation advanced high strength steel (AHSS). Its good combination of high strength and ductility ensures potential application in automobile industry. Uniaxial tensile tests of QP980 steel sheet at five strain rates are performed to investigate the necking process and the effect of strain rate on necking behavior of Q&P steel. Digital image correlation (DIC) method is applied during tensile tests, and evolutions of major strain, minor strain and normal strain distributions along gauge section of the tensile specimens are obtained. The diffused and localized necking strains are determined according to SWIFT necking theory and HILL necking theory respectively. The test results indicate that with the increasing of strain rate in the investigated range, the diffused necking strain decreases from 0.152 to 0.120 and localized necking strain decreases from 0.245 to 0.137. Meanwhile, the difference of the two strains decreases form 0.096 to 0.017. Thus it can be concluded that strain rate has an influence on both necking strains during the deformation of QP980 steel sheet. Diffused and localized necking strains are determined by uniaxial tensile tests with the aid of DIC technique and the effect of strain rate on necking strains is evaluated.展开更多
Necking defects have long troubled the application of cross-wedge rolling technology in aluminium alloy shaft parts.To accurately predict necking defects,new judgement conditions are established based on the thermal p...Necking defects have long troubled the application of cross-wedge rolling technology in aluminium alloy shaft parts.To accurately predict necking defects,new judgement conditions are established based on the thermal performance of 6082 aluminium alloy.The limit-sectional shrinkage without necking defects is achieved by combining theoretical calculation and finite-element model analysis,which couples heat transfer and deformation.In this paper,a 6082 aluminium alloy extruded rod with a 40 mm diameter rolled at a preheated temperature of 500℃and a rolling angular velocity of 1 rad/s is taken as an example.The simulation and experimental results show that necking defects do not occur on the rolled pieces if the sectional shrinkage is below the limit-sectional shrinkage but will occur when the sectional shrinkage is above it.The results prove that the prediction model of necking defects in cross-wedge rolling of 6082 aluminum alloy is feasible,and this research provides a theoretical basis for the qualified aluminum alloy shafts produced by the cross-wedge rolling.展开更多
The spinning deformation of thin walled tube in necking process is simulated with a dynamic explicit FEM program,LS DYNA3D and the distributions of Cauchy strains and thickness are analyzed through time history to a...The spinning deformation of thin walled tube in necking process is simulated with a dynamic explicit FEM program,LS DYNA3D and the distributions of Cauchy strains and thickness are analyzed through time history to achieve a good understanding of the deformation in necking process by spinning and the numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the test results.展开更多
Cross-over method is established to predict necking point for PET high- speed fiber spinning. Even slowly crystallizing polymers such as PET can crystallize on the spinline at sufficiently high spinning speed. The dev...Cross-over method is established to predict necking point for PET high- speed fiber spinning. Even slowly crystallizing polymers such as PET can crystallize on the spinline at sufficiently high spinning speed. The development of rtmning velocity, temperature, crystallinity and theological force is investigated for the take-up velocity over a range of 6 000 - 10 000 m/min. The position of necking point, temperature rise and abrupt increase of crystallinity move closer to the spinneret with the increase of take-up velocity,展开更多
A large number of criteria has been developed to predict material instabilities, but their choice is limited by the lack of existing comparison of their theoretical basis and application domains. To overcome this limi...A large number of criteria has been developed to predict material instabilities, but their choice is limited by the lack of existing comparison of their theoretical basis and application domains. To overcome this limitation, a theoretical and numerical comparison of two major models used to predict diffuse necking is present in this paper. Limit Point Bifurcation criterion is first introduced. An original formulation of the Maximum Force Criterion (MFC), taking into account the effects of damage and isotropic and kinematic hardenings, is then proposed. Strong connections are shown between them by comparing their theoretical basis. Numerical Forming Limit Diagrams at diffuse necking obtained with these criteria for different metallic materials are given. They illustrate the theoretical link and similar predictions are shown for both models.展开更多
The formability of the material determines the amount of available deformation before failure and thus is important for the production of various structural components in industries. The workability of materiMs is com...The formability of the material determines the amount of available deformation before failure and thus is important for the production of various structural components in industries. The workability of materiMs is commonly evaluated by different forms of failure mod- els during sheet metal forming （SMF） processes. In order to provide a whole picture about the prediction models for SMF failure, necking-related formability and ductile fracture-related forma- bility studies in SMF processes are systematically summarized, the applicability and limitation of each model are highlighted, and the link between forming limit diagram and ductile fracture criterion is pointed out, Conclusions about some critical issues on failure in SMF are made.展开更多
The tension necking of FCC copper single crystal specimen with a square cross section was analyzed under the slip deformation mechanism. The actual clamp manner of the specimen was modeled by setting correlative bound...The tension necking of FCC copper single crystal specimen with a square cross section was analyzed under the slip deformation mechanism. The actual clamp manner of the specimen was modeled by setting correlative boundary condition,and the small angle deflection between tension loading axis and crystallography axis [100] was taken into account. The finite deformation numerical analysis of three-dimensional necking deformation for the specimen was performed by apply-ing crystal plasticity theory associated with a numerical algorithm suggested by the first author. According to the comparison with experimental observation,the fact was confirmed that the numerical results could describe the loading elongation curve of the copper single crystal specimen under large strain tension reasonably,and the method could be used to investigate the necking characteristic in neck shape and the effect due to the small angle deflection. Further,the investigation into the influence of specimen cross-section shape on necking was also performed;the results on mechanical response and neck profile evolution obtained through modeling of cylindrical specimen were compared with those obtained with square cross-section specimen.展开更多
The inter-nanocrystal （NC） distance, necking degree, ordering level, and NC surface ligands all affect the electronic and optoelectronic properties of NC solids. Herein, we introduce a unique PbS structure of neckin...The inter-nanocrystal （NC） distance, necking degree, ordering level, and NC surface ligands all affect the electronic and optoelectronic properties of NC solids. Herein, we introduce a unique PbS structure of necking percolative superlattices to exclude the morphological factors and study the effect of ligands on the NC properties. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data indicate that 1,2-ethanedithiol （EDT）, oxalic acid, mercaptopropionic acid, and NH4SCN （SCN） ligands were attached to the surface of NCs by substrate-supported Iigand exchange. Field-effect transistors were tested and photodetector measurements were performed to compare these NC solids. An SCN-treated film had the highest mobility and responsivity under high-power intensity irradiation owing to its high carrier density, whereas an EDT-treated film had the lowest mobility, photocurrent, and dark current. These findings introduce new avenues for choosing suitable ligands for NC applications.展开更多
This study analyzed the deformation law of rear axles with variable wall thickness under bidirectional horizontal extrusion and found that necking was accompanied by upsetting deformation through theoretical calculati...This study analyzed the deformation law of rear axles with variable wall thickness under bidirectional horizontal extrusion and found that necking was accompanied by upsetting deformation through theoretical calculation, numerical simulation, and experimental research. The sequence and occurrence of necking and upsetting deformations were obtained. A theory of deformation was proposed by controlling the distribution of temperature field. Effective processes to control the wall thickness of rear axle at different positions were also proposed. The ultimate limit deformation with a necking coefficient of 0.68 could be achieved using the temperature gradient coefficient. A new technology of two-step heating and two-step extrusion for a 13 t rear axle was developed, qualified test samples were obtained, and suggestions for further industrial application were put forward.展开更多
BACKGROUND Clinical pathways(CPs)are structured guidelines introduced to improve healthcare quality and efficiency.In South Korea,CPs for Korean medicine have been developed since 2016 under the 3rd Comprehensive Plan...BACKGROUND Clinical pathways(CPs)are structured guidelines introduced to improve healthcare quality and efficiency.In South Korea,CPs for Korean medicine have been developed since 2016 under the 3rd Comprehensive Plan for Korean Medicine Promotion,with limited studies on their clinical application.Neck and shoulder pain are common conditions frequently treated at Korean medicine clinics,often by patients dissatisfied with conventional treatments.The demand for Korean medicine treatments for neck and shoulder pain is on the rise.AIM To evaluate the clinical applicability and effectiveness of Korean medicine CPs for neck pain and shoulder pain in public healthcare institutions in South Korea.METHODS We collected and analyzed data from patients aged 19 years and older who visited the outpatient clinic of the Department of Korean Medicine at the National Medical Center in Korea from March 1,2023 to August 31,2023.CP completion rates,along with patient satisfaction,clinical outcomes,and economic outcomes between the CP-implemented and non-CP groups were assessed.RESULTS The CP completion rates were 93.3%for neck pain and 96.8%for shoulder pain.Patient satisfaction scores showed an improvement of 17.7%for neck pain and 18.0%for shoulder pain in the CP-implemented group compared to the non-CP group.For neck pain,significant improvements were observed in the numerical rating scale(NRS)and the neck disability index,while for shoulder pain,only the University of California-Los Angeles shoulder rating scale showed notable progress,with no substantial change in NRS scores.CONCLUSION This study partially confirms the clinical applicability and effectiveness of the Korean medicine CPs for neck pain and shoulder pain.Further research is required to enhance and validate these findings.展开更多
Benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)is one of the most frequently diagnosed benign disorders that cause dysuria in middle-aged and elderlymen.Some patientswith BPH have relatively small prostates(referred to as small-vol...Benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)is one of the most frequently diagnosed benign disorders that cause dysuria in middle-aged and elderlymen.Some patientswith BPH have relatively small prostates(referred to as small-volume BPH)but still experience the lower urinary tract infection.Medication treatment is typically not successful in these patients.In addition,their pathophysiologic pathways deviate from those previously observed.Furthermore,as there is no accepted protocol for the diagnosis and treatment of small-volume BPH,patients can experience great difficulties inmanaging surgical complications such as bladder neck contracture.Thus,we reviewed the features of small-volume prostates,preoperative assessment,surgical technique,and management of complications.展开更多
Purpose: In super-aging societies, prosthodontists will have a growing role and will need to improve their nutrition knowledge. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a workshop-based model for increasing d...Purpose: In super-aging societies, prosthodontists will have a growing role and will need to improve their nutrition knowledge. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a workshop-based model for increasing dysphagia diet awareness among prosthodontists working with head and neck cancer patients. Methods: The study had a post-intervention design and included 10 maxillofacial prosthetic educators from eight countries who participated in a 120-minute workshop focused on theoretical and practical training in nutrition support for patients with dysphagia. Sessions were held in a specialized restaurant in Tokyo and included lectures, observation of Japanese cooking techniques, hands-on preparation of dysphagia-friendly foods, and cross-cultural comparisons. Knowledge, confidence, and practical application were assessed using a post-workshop questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used to evaluate outcomes. Results: Seven of the 10 prosthodontists completed the post-intervention questionnaire. All respondents reported overall satisfaction with the workshop. Session content was regarded as easy to understand by 57.14%, appropriate by 28.57%, and easy by 14.29%. Most respondents (85.71%) were “very satisfied” with the instructors’ explanations, and 100% were “very satisfied” with the workshop’s length and structure;71.42% felt they could apply the knowledge in clinical practice, while 28.58% anticipated challenges. The respondents appreciated the workshop’s focus on dysphagia, particularly in elderly patients, and valued the insights into Japanese dysphagia diets and culture. Conclusions: Workshops on nutrition provide an interactive platform for prosthodontists to enhance their knowledge and improve comprehensive patient care, highlighting the importance for prosthodontists to stay updated on developments in nutrition, particularly in dysphagia.展开更多
Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease(LPRD)is an inflammatory condition in the laryngopharynx and upper aerodigestive tract mucosa caused by reflux of stomach contents beyond the esophagus.LPRD commonly presents with sympt...Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease(LPRD)is an inflammatory condition in the laryngopharynx and upper aerodigestive tract mucosa caused by reflux of stomach contents beyond the esophagus.LPRD commonly presents with symptoms such as hoarseness,cough,sore throat,a feeling of throat obstruction,excessive throat mucus.This complex condition is thought to involve both reflux and reflex mechanisms,but a clear understanding of its molecular mechanisms is still lacking.Currently,there is no standardized diagnosis or treatment protocol.Therapeutic strategies for LPRD mainly include lifestyle modifications,proton pump inhibitors and endoscopic surgery.This paper seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing literature regarding the mechanisms,pathophysiology and treatment of LPRD.We also provide an in-depth exploration of the association between LPRD and gastroesophageal reflux disease.展开更多
BACKGROUND Dislocation rates after hemiarthroplasty reportedly vary from 1%to 17%.This serious complication is associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates.Approaches to this surgery are still debated,with ...BACKGROUND Dislocation rates after hemiarthroplasty reportedly vary from 1%to 17%.This serious complication is associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates.Approaches to this surgery are still debated,with no consensus regarding the superiority of any single approach.AIM To compare early postoperative complications after implementing the direct anterior and posterior approaches(PL)for hip hemiarthroplasty after femoral neck fractures.METHODS This is a comparative,retrospective,single-center cohort study conducted at a university hospital.Between March 2008 and December 2018,273 patients(a total of 280 hips)underwent bipolar hemiarthroplasties(n=280)for displaced femoral neck fractures using either the PL(n=171)or the minimally invasive direct anterior approach(DAA)(n=109).The choice of approach was related to the surgeons’practices;the implant types were similar and unrelated to the approach.Dislocation rates and other complications were reviewed after a minimum followup of 6 mo.RESULTS Both treatment groups had similarly aged patients(mean age:82 years),sex ratios,patient body mass indexes,and patient comorbidities.Surgical data(surgery delay time,operative time,and blood loss volume)did not differ significantly between the groups.The 30 d mortality rate was higher in the PL group(9.9%)than in the DAA group(3.7%),but the difference was not statistically significant(P=0.052).Among the one-month survivors,a significantly higher rate of dislocation was observed in the PL group(14/154;9.1%)than in the DAA group(0/105;0%)(P=0.002).Of the 14 patients with dislocation,8 underwent revision surgery for recurrent instability(posterior group),and one of them had 2 additional procedures due to a deep infection.The rate of other complications(e.g.,perioperative and early postoperative periprosthetic fractures and infection-related complications)did not differ significantly between the groups.CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the DAA to bipolar hemiarthroplasty for patients with femoral neck fractures is associated with a lower dislocation rate(<1%)than the PL.展开更多
文摘A lot of research has been focused on the necking process during the plastic deformation of sheet metals, but the localized necking is rarely distinguished form diffused necking by experiments, due to the limit of measurement equipment and method. Quenching and Partitioning (Q&P) steel is a 3rd generation advanced high strength steel (AHSS). Its good combination of high strength and ductility ensures potential application in automobile industry. Uniaxial tensile tests of QP980 steel sheet at five strain rates are performed to investigate the necking process and the effect of strain rate on necking behavior of Q&P steel. Digital image correlation (DIC) method is applied during tensile tests, and evolutions of major strain, minor strain and normal strain distributions along gauge section of the tensile specimens are obtained. The diffused and localized necking strains are determined according to SWIFT necking theory and HILL necking theory respectively. The test results indicate that with the increasing of strain rate in the investigated range, the diffused necking strain decreases from 0.152 to 0.120 and localized necking strain decreases from 0.245 to 0.137. Meanwhile, the difference of the two strains decreases form 0.096 to 0.017. Thus it can be concluded that strain rate has an influence on both necking strains during the deformation of QP980 steel sheet. Diffused and localized necking strains are determined by uniaxial tensile tests with the aid of DIC technique and the effect of strain rate on necking strains is evaluated.
基金Project(51975301)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(LZ17E050001)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province of China。
文摘Necking defects have long troubled the application of cross-wedge rolling technology in aluminium alloy shaft parts.To accurately predict necking defects,new judgement conditions are established based on the thermal performance of 6082 aluminium alloy.The limit-sectional shrinkage without necking defects is achieved by combining theoretical calculation and finite-element model analysis,which couples heat transfer and deformation.In this paper,a 6082 aluminium alloy extruded rod with a 40 mm diameter rolled at a preheated temperature of 500℃and a rolling angular velocity of 1 rad/s is taken as an example.The simulation and experimental results show that necking defects do not occur on the rolled pieces if the sectional shrinkage is below the limit-sectional shrinkage but will occur when the sectional shrinkage is above it.The results prove that the prediction model of necking defects in cross-wedge rolling of 6082 aluminum alloy is feasible,and this research provides a theoretical basis for the qualified aluminum alloy shafts produced by the cross-wedge rolling.
文摘The spinning deformation of thin walled tube in necking process is simulated with a dynamic explicit FEM program,LS DYNA3D and the distributions of Cauchy strains and thickness are analyzed through time history to achieve a good understanding of the deformation in necking process by spinning and the numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the test results.
文摘Cross-over method is established to predict necking point for PET high- speed fiber spinning. Even slowly crystallizing polymers such as PET can crystallize on the spinline at sufficiently high spinning speed. The development of rtmning velocity, temperature, crystallinity and theological force is investigated for the take-up velocity over a range of 6 000 - 10 000 m/min. The position of necking point, temperature rise and abrupt increase of crystallinity move closer to the spinneret with the increase of take-up velocity,
文摘A large number of criteria has been developed to predict material instabilities, but their choice is limited by the lack of existing comparison of their theoretical basis and application domains. To overcome this limitation, a theoretical and numerical comparison of two major models used to predict diffuse necking is present in this paper. Limit Point Bifurcation criterion is first introduced. An original formulation of the Maximum Force Criterion (MFC), taking into account the effects of damage and isotropic and kinematic hardenings, is then proposed. Strong connections are shown between them by comparing their theoretical basis. Numerical Forming Limit Diagrams at diffuse necking obtained with these criteria for different metallic materials are given. They illustrate the theoretical link and similar predictions are shown for both models.
基金financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China through Grant U1737210
文摘The formability of the material determines the amount of available deformation before failure and thus is important for the production of various structural components in industries. The workability of materiMs is commonly evaluated by different forms of failure mod- els during sheet metal forming （SMF） processes. In order to provide a whole picture about the prediction models for SMF failure, necking-related formability and ductile fracture-related forma- bility studies in SMF processes are systematically summarized, the applicability and limitation of each model are highlighted, and the link between forming limit diagram and ductile fracture criterion is pointed out, Conclusions about some critical issues on failure in SMF are made.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10472092 and 10662001)the Aviation Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 04C53027)
文摘The tension necking of FCC copper single crystal specimen with a square cross section was analyzed under the slip deformation mechanism. The actual clamp manner of the specimen was modeled by setting correlative boundary condition,and the small angle deflection between tension loading axis and crystallography axis [100] was taken into account. The finite deformation numerical analysis of three-dimensional necking deformation for the specimen was performed by apply-ing crystal plasticity theory associated with a numerical algorithm suggested by the first author. According to the comparison with experimental observation,the fact was confirmed that the numerical results could describe the loading elongation curve of the copper single crystal specimen under large strain tension reasonably,and the method could be used to investigate the necking characteristic in neck shape and the effect due to the small angle deflection. Further,the investigation into the influence of specimen cross-section shape on necking was also performed;the results on mechanical response and neck profile evolution obtained through modeling of cylindrical specimen were compared with those obtained with square cross-section specimen.
基金Acknowledgements This work was supported financially by Chinese ministry of science and technology （No. 2016YFA0200700）, National Basic Research Program of China （No. 2014CB931801, Z. Y. T.）, National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 21473044, C. G. L. Nos. 21475029 and 91427302, Z. Y. T.）, Instrument Developing Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences （No. YZ201311, Z. Y. T.）, CAS-CSIRO Cooperative Research Program （No. GJHZ1503, Z. Y. T.）, and ＂Strategic Priority Research Program＂ of Chinese Academy of Sciences （No. XDA09040100, Z. Y. T.）.
文摘The inter-nanocrystal （NC） distance, necking degree, ordering level, and NC surface ligands all affect the electronic and optoelectronic properties of NC solids. Herein, we introduce a unique PbS structure of necking percolative superlattices to exclude the morphological factors and study the effect of ligands on the NC properties. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data indicate that 1,2-ethanedithiol （EDT）, oxalic acid, mercaptopropionic acid, and NH4SCN （SCN） ligands were attached to the surface of NCs by substrate-supported Iigand exchange. Field-effect transistors were tested and photodetector measurements were performed to compare these NC solids. An SCN-treated film had the highest mobility and responsivity under high-power intensity irradiation owing to its high carrier density, whereas an EDT-treated film had the lowest mobility, photocurrent, and dark current. These findings introduce new avenues for choosing suitable ligands for NC applications.
基金This work was supported by the National High-tech R&D Programof China (Grant No. 2012AA040202).
文摘This study analyzed the deformation law of rear axles with variable wall thickness under bidirectional horizontal extrusion and found that necking was accompanied by upsetting deformation through theoretical calculation, numerical simulation, and experimental research. The sequence and occurrence of necking and upsetting deformations were obtained. A theory of deformation was proposed by controlling the distribution of temperature field. Effective processes to control the wall thickness of rear axle at different positions were also proposed. The ultimate limit deformation with a necking coefficient of 0.68 could be achieved using the temperature gradient coefficient. A new technology of two-step heating and two-step extrusion for a 13 t rear axle was developed, qualified test samples were obtained, and suggestions for further industrial application were put forward.
基金approved by the National Medical Center Institutional Review Board(approval No.NRC-2023-10-109).
文摘BACKGROUND Clinical pathways(CPs)are structured guidelines introduced to improve healthcare quality and efficiency.In South Korea,CPs for Korean medicine have been developed since 2016 under the 3rd Comprehensive Plan for Korean Medicine Promotion,with limited studies on their clinical application.Neck and shoulder pain are common conditions frequently treated at Korean medicine clinics,often by patients dissatisfied with conventional treatments.The demand for Korean medicine treatments for neck and shoulder pain is on the rise.AIM To evaluate the clinical applicability and effectiveness of Korean medicine CPs for neck pain and shoulder pain in public healthcare institutions in South Korea.METHODS We collected and analyzed data from patients aged 19 years and older who visited the outpatient clinic of the Department of Korean Medicine at the National Medical Center in Korea from March 1,2023 to August 31,2023.CP completion rates,along with patient satisfaction,clinical outcomes,and economic outcomes between the CP-implemented and non-CP groups were assessed.RESULTS The CP completion rates were 93.3%for neck pain and 96.8%for shoulder pain.Patient satisfaction scores showed an improvement of 17.7%for neck pain and 18.0%for shoulder pain in the CP-implemented group compared to the non-CP group.For neck pain,significant improvements were observed in the numerical rating scale(NRS)and the neck disability index,while for shoulder pain,only the University of California-Los Angeles shoulder rating scale showed notable progress,with no substantial change in NRS scores.CONCLUSION This study partially confirms the clinical applicability and effectiveness of the Korean medicine CPs for neck pain and shoulder pain.Further research is required to enhance and validate these findings.
基金supported by the NationalNature Science Foundation of China(No.82270810).
文摘Benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)is one of the most frequently diagnosed benign disorders that cause dysuria in middle-aged and elderlymen.Some patientswith BPH have relatively small prostates(referred to as small-volume BPH)but still experience the lower urinary tract infection.Medication treatment is typically not successful in these patients.In addition,their pathophysiologic pathways deviate from those previously observed.Furthermore,as there is no accepted protocol for the diagnosis and treatment of small-volume BPH,patients can experience great difficulties inmanaging surgical complications such as bladder neck contracture.Thus,we reviewed the features of small-volume prostates,preoperative assessment,surgical technique,and management of complications.
文摘Purpose: In super-aging societies, prosthodontists will have a growing role and will need to improve their nutrition knowledge. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a workshop-based model for increasing dysphagia diet awareness among prosthodontists working with head and neck cancer patients. Methods: The study had a post-intervention design and included 10 maxillofacial prosthetic educators from eight countries who participated in a 120-minute workshop focused on theoretical and practical training in nutrition support for patients with dysphagia. Sessions were held in a specialized restaurant in Tokyo and included lectures, observation of Japanese cooking techniques, hands-on preparation of dysphagia-friendly foods, and cross-cultural comparisons. Knowledge, confidence, and practical application were assessed using a post-workshop questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used to evaluate outcomes. Results: Seven of the 10 prosthodontists completed the post-intervention questionnaire. All respondents reported overall satisfaction with the workshop. Session content was regarded as easy to understand by 57.14%, appropriate by 28.57%, and easy by 14.29%. Most respondents (85.71%) were “very satisfied” with the instructors’ explanations, and 100% were “very satisfied” with the workshop’s length and structure;71.42% felt they could apply the knowledge in clinical practice, while 28.58% anticipated challenges. The respondents appreciated the workshop’s focus on dysphagia, particularly in elderly patients, and valued the insights into Japanese dysphagia diets and culture. Conclusions: Workshops on nutrition provide an interactive platform for prosthodontists to enhance their knowledge and improve comprehensive patient care, highlighting the importance for prosthodontists to stay updated on developments in nutrition, particularly in dysphagia.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,2020YFC2005202.
文摘Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease(LPRD)is an inflammatory condition in the laryngopharynx and upper aerodigestive tract mucosa caused by reflux of stomach contents beyond the esophagus.LPRD commonly presents with symptoms such as hoarseness,cough,sore throat,a feeling of throat obstruction,excessive throat mucus.This complex condition is thought to involve both reflux and reflex mechanisms,but a clear understanding of its molecular mechanisms is still lacking.Currently,there is no standardized diagnosis or treatment protocol.Therapeutic strategies for LPRD mainly include lifestyle modifications,proton pump inhibitors and endoscopic surgery.This paper seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing literature regarding the mechanisms,pathophysiology and treatment of LPRD.We also provide an in-depth exploration of the association between LPRD and gastroesophageal reflux disease.
基金This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the HUB-Hospital Erasme.
文摘BACKGROUND Dislocation rates after hemiarthroplasty reportedly vary from 1%to 17%.This serious complication is associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates.Approaches to this surgery are still debated,with no consensus regarding the superiority of any single approach.AIM To compare early postoperative complications after implementing the direct anterior and posterior approaches(PL)for hip hemiarthroplasty after femoral neck fractures.METHODS This is a comparative,retrospective,single-center cohort study conducted at a university hospital.Between March 2008 and December 2018,273 patients(a total of 280 hips)underwent bipolar hemiarthroplasties(n=280)for displaced femoral neck fractures using either the PL(n=171)or the minimally invasive direct anterior approach(DAA)(n=109).The choice of approach was related to the surgeons’practices;the implant types were similar and unrelated to the approach.Dislocation rates and other complications were reviewed after a minimum followup of 6 mo.RESULTS Both treatment groups had similarly aged patients(mean age:82 years),sex ratios,patient body mass indexes,and patient comorbidities.Surgical data(surgery delay time,operative time,and blood loss volume)did not differ significantly between the groups.The 30 d mortality rate was higher in the PL group(9.9%)than in the DAA group(3.7%),but the difference was not statistically significant(P=0.052).Among the one-month survivors,a significantly higher rate of dislocation was observed in the PL group(14/154;9.1%)than in the DAA group(0/105;0%)(P=0.002).Of the 14 patients with dislocation,8 underwent revision surgery for recurrent instability(posterior group),and one of them had 2 additional procedures due to a deep infection.The rate of other complications(e.g.,perioperative and early postoperative periprosthetic fractures and infection-related complications)did not differ significantly between the groups.CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the DAA to bipolar hemiarthroplasty for patients with femoral neck fractures is associated with a lower dislocation rate(<1%)than the PL.
