To solve the challenges of connecting and coordinating multiple platforms in the automotive industry and to enhance collaboration among different participants,this research focuses on addressing the complex supply rel...To solve the challenges of connecting and coordinating multiple platforms in the automotive industry and to enhance collaboration among different participants,this research focuses on addressing the complex supply relationships in the automotive market,improving data sharing and interactions across various platforms,and achieving more detailed integration of data and operations.We propose a trust evaluation permission delegation method based on the automotive industry chain.The proposed method combines smart contracts with trust evaluation mechanisms,dynamically calculating the trust value of users based on the historical behavior of the delegated entity,network environment,and other factors to avoid malicious node attacks during the permission delegation process.We also introduce strict control over the cross-domain permission granting and revocation mechanisms to manage the delegation path,prevent information leakage caused by malicious node interception,and effectively protect data integrity and privacy.Experimental analysis shows that this method meets the realtime requirements of collaborative interaction in the automotive industry chain and provides a feasible solution to permission delegation issues in the automotive industry chain,offering dynamic flexibility in authorization and scalability compared to most existing solutions.展开更多
In response to the challenges presented by the unreliable identity of the master node,high communication overhead,and limited network support size within the Practical Byzantine Fault-Tolerant(PBFT)algorithm for conso...In response to the challenges presented by the unreliable identity of the master node,high communication overhead,and limited network support size within the Practical Byzantine Fault-Tolerant(PBFT)algorithm for consortium chains,we propose an improved PBFT algorithm based on XGBoost grouping called XG-PBFT in this paper.XG-PBFT constructs a dataset by training important parameters that affect node performance,which are used as classification indexes for nodes.The XGBoost algorithm then is employed to train the dataset,and nodes joining the system will be grouped according to the trained grouping model.Among them,the nodes with higher parameter indexes will be assigned to the consensus group to participate in the consensus,and the rest of the nodes will be assigned to the general group to receive the consensus results.In order to reduce the resource waste of the system,XG-PBFT optimizes the consensus protocol for the problem of high complexity of PBFT communication.Finally,we evaluate the performance of XG-PBFT.The experimental results show that XG-PBFT can significantly improve the performance of throughput,consensus delay and communication complexity compared to the original PBFT algorithm,and the performance enhancement is significant compared to other algorithms in the case of a larger number of nodes.The results demonstrate that the XG-PBFT algorithm is more suitable for large-scale consortium chains.展开更多
A critical challenge hindering the practical application of lithium–oxygen batteries(LOBs)is the inevitable problems associated with liquid electrolytes,such as evaporation and safety problems.Our study addresses the...A critical challenge hindering the practical application of lithium–oxygen batteries(LOBs)is the inevitable problems associated with liquid electrolytes,such as evaporation and safety problems.Our study addresses these problems by proposing a modified polyrotaxane(mPR)-based solid polymer electrolyte(SPE)design that simultaneously mitigates solvent-related problems and improves conductivity.mPR-SPE exhibits high ion conductivity(2.8×10^(−3)S cm^(−1)at 25℃)through aligned ion conduction pathways and provides electrode protection ability through hydrophobic chain dispersion.Integrating this mPR-SPE into solid-state LOBs resulted in stable potentials over 300 cycles.In situ Raman spectroscopy reveals the presence of an LiO_(2)intermediate alongside Li_(2)O_(2)during oxygen reactions.Ex situ X-ray diffraction confirm the ability of the SPE to hinder the permeation of oxygen and moisture,as demonstrated by the air permeability tests.The present study suggests that maintaining a low residual solvent while achieving high ionic conductivity is crucial for restricting the sub-reactions of solid-state LOBs.展开更多
The philosophical concept of one bond connecting the world is an established scientific and economic phenomenon today.The global industrial and supply chains are symbols of that universal link of fraternity,cooperatio...The philosophical concept of one bond connecting the world is an established scientific and economic phenomenon today.The global industrial and supply chains are symbols of that universal link of fraternity,cooperation and globalization.Despite a few major economies still trying to push forward a decoupling agenda and favoring a“small yard,high fence”strategy,globalization and cooperation remain a global trend.展开更多
The concept of Supply Chain 4.0 represents a transformative phase in supply chain management through advanced digital technologies like IoT, AI, blockchain, and cyber-physical systems. While these innovations deliver ...The concept of Supply Chain 4.0 represents a transformative phase in supply chain management through advanced digital technologies like IoT, AI, blockchain, and cyber-physical systems. While these innovations deliver operational improvements, the heightened interconnectivity introduces significant cybersecurity challenges, particularly within military logistics, where mission-critical operations and life-safety concerns are paramount. This paper examines these unique cybersecurity requirements, focusing on advanced persistent threats, supply chain poisoning, and data breaches that could compromise sensitive operations. The study proposes a hybrid cybersecurity framework tailored to military logistics, integrating resilience, redundancy, and cross-jurisdictional security measures. Real-world applicability is validated through simulations, offering strategies for securing supply chains while balancing security, efficiency, and flexibility.展开更多
In reward-based crowdfunding, projects are to disclose the operational risks and mitigation strategies for delivering the physical rewards during the funding phase. However, limited knowledge exists regarding projects...In reward-based crowdfunding, projects are to disclose the operational risks and mitigation strategies for delivering the physical rewards during the funding phase. However, limited knowledge exists regarding projects’ operational risks and mitigation strategies during the funding phase. In contributing to the literature, the study uses data on Kickstarter.com and conducts a content analysis to explore themes and their relationships. The results reveal various operational risks and associated mitigation strategies. Among the identified themes, product-related, contract manufacturers, and supply markets are the most expected risks, while outsourced production and proactive sourcing are the popular mitigation strategies. Also, the finding reveals that proactive sourcing and outsourced production, in-house production and post-campaign sourcing, contract manufacturer risk, and project internal risk are themes forming clusters. The results extend crowdfunding risk disclosure literature and set the tone for future research in crowdfunding operational risk management. Finally, other business implications are drawn for crowdfunding practitioners.展开更多
Amid the escalating plastic pollution issue, the development of biodegradable and recyclable polymeric materials has become a focus within the scientific community. Chain extenders, which are an important class of com...Amid the escalating plastic pollution issue, the development of biodegradable and recyclable polymeric materials has become a focus within the scientific community. Chain extenders, which are an important class of compounds, facilitate the elongation of polymer chains through reactive functional groups, thereby enhancing the performance of the materials. Epoxy-based chain extenders, due to their cost-effectiveness, low toxicity, high reaction efficiency, and effective reactivity with hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, have emerged as a promising class of chain extenders. This manuscript comprehensively elaborates on the varieties, structural characteristics, and performance of chain extenders, the challenges they face, and the methods for their modification. Special emphasis is placed on the application of epoxy-based chain extenders in biodegradable polymers, such as polylactic acid (PLA), and their subsequent influence on the structural and performance properties of these materials.展开更多
A substantial body of research has been conducted with the objective of enhancing the understanding of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP) in Central Africa. A significant proportion of the studies focus on medicinal pl...A substantial body of research has been conducted with the objective of enhancing the understanding of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP) in Central Africa. A significant proportion of the studies focus on medicinal plants, in contrast to those that examine food products. Nevertheless, studies on edible wild mushrooms as NTFPs and cultivated mushrooms, on their economic potential and value chains in the Great Lakes Region, remain scarce and largely absent for some NTFPs. In light of the aforementioned considerations, the present study aims to examine the economic potential and value chain of the production sector of wild edible mushrooms (WEM) and cultivated mushrooms (CM) within the Virunga National Park (PNVi) and its surrounding areas in North Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). To this end, a sample of 432 respondents was selected, distributed equitably among the actors of the Goma-Kitshanga-Mweso value chain, the Goma-Rutshuru chain, the Beni-Mutwanga chain, and the Beni-Mangina chain. A digital questionnaire consisting of open and closed questions was administered, and observations were carried out concurrently. The quantities of mushrooms sold were weighed and photographed. The results demonstrated that, when the eight-month fruiting period of wild and cultivated mushrooms was considered as a single year for all actors within the value chain, a picker could sell 6.1 kg at $2 and earn $12. A seller could sell 16 kg at $4 and earn $64, while a grower could sell 502 kg at $3 and earn $1506. Consequently, the CM grower generates a significantly higher profit than other participants in the value chain, despite the expenses he incurs. Ultimately, the domestication of WEM, highly prized by the local population of the Virunga National Park, has the potential to enhance their household incomes, as evidenced by the findings of this study.展开更多
Changes in food production,often driven by distant demand,have a significant influence on sustainable man agement and use of land and water,and are in turn a driving factor of biodiversity change.While the connection ...Changes in food production,often driven by distant demand,have a significant influence on sustainable man agement and use of land and water,and are in turn a driving factor of biodiversity change.While the connection between land use and demand through value chains is increasingly understood,there is no comprehensive concep tualisation of this relationship.To address this gap,we propose a conceptual framework and use it as a basis for a systematic review to characterise value-chain connection and explore its influence on land-use and-cover change.Our search in June 2022 onWeb of Science and Scopus yielded 198 documents,describing studies completed after the year 2000 that provide information on both value-chain connection and land-use or-cover change.In total,we used 531 distinct cases to assess how frequently particular types of land-use or-cover change and value-chain connections co-occurred,and synthesized findings on their relations.Our findings confirm that 1)market inte gration is associated with intensification;2)land managers with environmental standards more frequently adopt environmentally friendly practices;3)physical and value-chain distances to consumers play a crucial role,with shorter distances associated with environmentally friendly practices and global chains linked to intensification and expansion.Incorporating these characteristics in existing theories of land-system change,would significantly advance understanding of land managers’decision-making,ultimately guiding more environmentally responsible production systems and contributing to global sustainability goals.展开更多
Weather forecasts from numerical weather prediction models play a central role in solar energy forecasting,where a cascade of physics-based models is used in a model chain approach to convert forecasts of solar irradi...Weather forecasts from numerical weather prediction models play a central role in solar energy forecasting,where a cascade of physics-based models is used in a model chain approach to convert forecasts of solar irradiance to solar power production.Ensemble simulations from such weather models aim to quantify uncertainty in the future development of the weather,and can be used to propagate this uncertainty through the model chain to generate probabilistic solar energy predictions.However,ensemble prediction systems are known to exhibit systematic errors,and thus require post-processing to obtain accurate and reliable probabilistic forecasts.The overarching aim of our study is to systematically evaluate different strategies to apply post-processing in model chain approaches with a specific focus on solar energy:not applying any post-processing at all;post-processing only the irradiance predictions before the conversion;post-processing only the solar power predictions obtained from the model chain;or applying post-processing in both steps.In a case study based on a benchmark dataset for the Jacumba solar plant in the U.S.,we develop statistical and machine learning methods for postprocessing ensemble predictions of global horizontal irradiance(GHI)and solar power generation.Further,we propose a neural-network-based model for direct solar power forecasting that bypasses the model chain.Our results indicate that postprocessing substantially improves the solar power generation forecasts,in particular when post-processing is applied to the power predictions.The machine learning methods for post-processing slightly outperform the statistical methods,and the direct forecasting approach performs comparably to the post-processing strategies.展开更多
This paper examines the impact of upstream merger and acquisition(M&A)activities driven by supply chain integration motives on firm energy performance.By developing a microlevel theoretical framework,we examine th...This paper examines the impact of upstream merger and acquisition(M&A)activities driven by supply chain integration motives on firm energy performance.By developing a microlevel theoretical framework,we examine the intricate relationship between firms’upstream M&A strategies geared toward supply chain integration and their energy efficiency.We examine the impact of upstream M&A activities on energy performance using data from Chinese listed companies from 2007 to 2021.Our findings reveal that upstream M&A initiatives can enhance firms’energy efficiency,although there are discernible variations in the effects observed for M&A activities targeted downstream or within the same industry.By examining mechanisms,we elucidate the pivotal roles of input substitution effects and productivity enhancements through which upstream M&As boost energy performance.Furthermore,our analysis underscores the catalyzing impact of M&A activities in fostering collaborative innovation in green technologies among firms and suppliers,thus improving productivity and energy efficiency.We provide new microlevel evidence of the relationship between M&A transactions and corporate energy efficiency from upstream and downstream perspectives.展开更多
The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership(RCEP)has created favorable conditions for building deeply integrated agricultural value chains(AVC)in Asia-Pacific.Based on the RCEP agreement,this study employed the gl...The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership(RCEP)has created favorable conditions for building deeply integrated agricultural value chains(AVC)in Asia-Pacific.Based on the RCEP agreement,this study employed the global trade analysis project(GTAP)model to evaluate the impact of RCEP on AVC of member countries in terms of time,tariff reduction,and reduction of non-tariff barriers(NTB).The results indicate that(1)the implementation of RCEP boosts the value-added to agricultural exports for most member countries,particularly in competitive industries;(2)the increase in domestic production and processing capacity,reflected in domestic value-added(DVA),is the primary factor driving the rise in the value-added of agricultural exports across various industries of member countries;(3)RCEP enhances the participation of most regional countries in AVC,with varying impacts on AVC positioning,thereby fostering regional AvC development;and(4)RCEP has a positive effect on AVC indicators both in the short and long term,with the effect becoming more pronounced over time.Additionally,reducing NTB enhances the positive effects of tariff reductions on AVC indicators.Based on the analyses,the following recommendations are proposed:(1)Leverage the development opportunities arising from RCEP implementation to enhance the agricultural DVA;(2)capitalize on cooperative opportunities created by RCEP to build cohesive regional AVC;and(3)prioritize the effective implementation of RCEP'shigh-qualityrules.展开更多
In order to promote the development of the characteristic industry of fragrant crisp peach in Honghuagang District of Zunyi City,Guizhou Province,and assist the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy,base...In order to promote the development of the characteristic industry of fragrant crisp peach in Honghuagang District of Zunyi City,Guizhou Province,and assist the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy,based on the actual situation of the local forest land,this paper studied the development of under-forest economy and the development of products with high added value.Through the combination of field investigation and laboratory analysis,the technology of interplanting soybean in peach orchard was discussed in depth,and the processing technology of high-quality preserved peach was developed.This paper is intended to expand and extend the industrial chain of fragrant and crisp peaches,and to promote the development of modern mountain characteristic and efficient agriculture.展开更多
Blockchain technologies have been used to facilitate Web 3.0 and FinTech applications.However,conventional blockchain technologies suffer from long transaction delays and low transaction success rates in some Web 3.0 ...Blockchain technologies have been used to facilitate Web 3.0 and FinTech applications.However,conventional blockchain technologies suffer from long transaction delays and low transaction success rates in some Web 3.0 and FinTech applications such as Supply Chain Finance(SCF).Blockchain sharding has been proposed to improve blockchain performance.However,the existing sharding methods either use a static sharding strategy,which lacks the adaptability for the dynamic SCF environment,or are designed for public chains,which are not applicable to consortium blockchain-based SCF.To address these issues,we propose an adaptive consortium blockchain sharding framework named ACSarF,which is based on the deep reinforcement learning algorithm.The proposed framework can improve consortium blockchain sharding to effectively reduce transaction delay and adaptively adjust the sharding and blockout strategies to increase the transaction success rate in a dynamic SCF environment.Furthermore,we propose to use a consistent hash algorithm in the ACSarF framework to ensure transaction load balancing in the adaptive sharding system to further improve the performance of blockchain sharding in dynamic SCF scenarios.To evaluate the proposed framework,we conducted extensive experiments in a typical SCF scenario.The obtained experimental results show that the ACSarF framework achieves a more than 60%improvement in user experience compared to other state-of-the-art blockchain systems.展开更多
This paper begins with a discussion of the trust issues that agricultural supply chain finance faces.It then examines the constraints of using blockchain technology to enhance trust in agricultural supply chain financ...This paper begins with a discussion of the trust issues that agricultural supply chain finance faces.It then examines the constraints of using blockchain technology to enhance trust in agricultural supply chain finance in accordance with the technological and institutional logic of combining blockchain with supply chains.This study then proposes the creation of an agricultural“blockchain+supply chain”information service platform and a financing trust mechanism that can effectively ensure the authenticity of the initial information input on the blockchain,consistency between on-chain transaction data and off-chain physical transactions,the controllability of risks in the set up and execution of smart contracts,and the removal of information constraints,resource allocation constraints,and institutional constraints in the agricultural supply chain financing.This aims to improve the efficiency of financing in agricultural supply chains and contribute to the industrial development of rural areas and rural revitalization.展开更多
Agricultural production(especially intensive rice production)is a primary income source for over 2.0×10^(7) people in the Vietnamese Mekong River Delta.However,adverse climate change impacts,socio-economic change...Agricultural production(especially intensive rice production)is a primary income source for over 2.0×10^(7) people in the Vietnamese Mekong River Delta.However,adverse climate change impacts,socio-economic change,and high dependence on farm inputs for intensive production constrain the longer-term sustainability of rice systems.Government and agribusiness actors are encouraging more farmers to grow non-rice crops and supporting the upscaling of alternative crops to paddy rice.We used a qualitative approach to investigate the value chain characteristics,as well as constraints and opportunities of alternative crops via two case studies(baby corn and honeydew melon)in An Giang and Hau Giang provinces,Vietnam.Data collection involved focus group discussions with local farmers and interviews with farmers and industry experts.Thematic analysis was used to compile the findings,and the results were validated with local government staff.The baby corn value chain featured on-going and stable market demand(including value-addition)and better vertical coordination(e.g.,written contracts and financial support).The honeydew melon value chain featured positive relationships between farmers and traders despite less-developed vertical coordination.There are opportunities for value chain engagement through product quality certification,value-addition,and accessing high-value domestic and export markets.However,farmers require crop-specific and generic support from private and public sectors.Increased labour requirements and limited access to finance and credit limit value chain participation.Upscaling and marketing alternative crops can enhance farmer profitability and support non-farming agricultural business establishment,economic growth,and community development.Efficient value chains will be critical to ensure the adoption of alternative crops and development of crop-specific agribusiness models.These findings can inform policy-makers and change facilitators in designing targeted interventions to support the adoption of alternative crops in the study area as well as in Vietnam and globally.展开更多
This study numerically estimates the momentum threshold required to excite solitons in anharmonic chains. For both Fermi–Pasta–Ulam–Tsingou(FPUT)-αβ and FPUT-β chains, regardless of whether the interatomic inter...This study numerically estimates the momentum threshold required to excite solitons in anharmonic chains. For both Fermi–Pasta–Ulam–Tsingou(FPUT)-αβ and FPUT-β chains, regardless of whether the interatomic interaction potential is symmetric, the required excitation momentum converges to the momentum of the soliton center(i.e., the peak momentum of the soliton) as the number of initially excited atoms increases. As the amplitude of the soliton approaches zero, the momentum threshold decreases to nearly zero, allowing soliton being excited with infinitesimal initial excitation momentum.These findings enhance the understanding of soliton dynamics and offer insights for optimizing soliton excitation methods,with potential applications in straintronics and nonlinear wave control technologies.展开更多
The Yangtze River Economic Belt is the main rice producing area in China.The rice industry chain is the agricultural pillar industry chain of this economic belt and it is the key to ensuring national food security and...The Yangtze River Economic Belt is the main rice producing area in China.The rice industry chain is the agricultural pillar industry chain of this economic belt and it is the key to ensuring national food security and promoting comprehensive rural revitalization.This study discusses the entire rice industry chain in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from the national rice production functional zones,agricultural product quality and safety,national famous and excellent new agricultural products,national specialty agricultural products,"China's good grain and oil"products,and national advantageous characteristic industrial clusters.Then,it discusses the geographical indications of rice and its products in this economic belt from geographical indication products,geographical indication trademarks,agricultural geographical indications,geographical indication standards,geographical indication special indications,national geographical indication product protection demonstration zones,and Chinese geographical indication products protected by the European Union.In addition,it analyzes the five main problems between geographical indications and public brands,such as the limited use of geographical indication specific signs and the imperfect intellectual property protection system for geographical indications.Finally,it proposes eight strategies,including promoting the high-quality development of the entire rice industry chain,creating a geographical indication regional public brand for rice and its products,and implementing geographical indication protection projects.展开更多
Background:The phenomenon of academic anxiety has been demonstrated to exert a considerable influence on students’academic engagement,leading to the emergence of a phenomenon known as“learned helplessness”and under...Background:The phenomenon of academic anxiety has been demonstrated to exert a considerable influence on students’academic engagement,leading to the emergence of a phenomenon known as“learned helplessness”and undermining the selfconfidence and motivation of high school students.Using acceptance-rejection theory,this study elucidated how a rejective parenting style affects Chinese high school students’academic anxiety and explored the urban-rural heterogeneity of this relationship.Methods:Data were analyzed using a stratified whole-cluster random sampling method.There are a total of 30,000 high school students in the three regions of northern and central China(from Shanxi,Hebei and Henan).A sample of 2286 high school students aged 14–19 years was ultimately selected from 2760 respondents for this investigation,which was conducted at the beginning of the 2023 school year.Pearson correlation,ordinary least squares(OLS)regression analysis,path analysis,and Fisher’s permutation test(FPT)were used to examine the effects of rejective parenting style on high school students’academic anxiety.Results:Results indicated a significant positive predictive effect between rejective parenting style and academic anxiety among high school students(β=0.815,t=116.211,p<0.001).Students’self-concept was significantly positively related to positive coping style(β=0.424,t=21.208,p<0.001)and chain-mediated this relationship.Therefore,this parenting style may indirectly mitigate academic anxiety through these mediators.The study also found that the effect of rejective parenting style on academic anxiety varied by students’residential background and was more pronounced in urban areas(0.226)than in rural areas(0.130).Conclusion:The research underscores the imperative for Chinese families to reexamine their utilization of rejection parenting and to prioritize the cultivation of students’intrinsic attributes.These findings offer a theoretical framework and practical evidence for policymakers and educators to develop efficacious and targeted interventions.In particular,greater attention should be directed towards the discrepancies in the manifestation of emotional and academic anxiety between urban and rural students,and prompt guidance should be furnished.展开更多
The Yangtze River Economic Belt is the birthplace of the world s rice farming culture,and is the origin of common rice(Oryza sativa L.),wild rice(Oryza Rufipogon Griff.),medicinal rice(Oryza officinalis Wall.ex G.Watt...The Yangtze River Economic Belt is the birthplace of the world s rice farming culture,and is the origin of common rice(Oryza sativa L.),wild rice(Oryza Rufipogon Griff.),medicinal rice(Oryza officinalis Wall.ex G.Watt),and wart-grain rice(Oryza granate Nees et Arn.ex Hook.f.).Rice culture is the main theme of agricultural culture in this economic belt and an outstanding representative of excellent traditional Chinese culture.This study provides an overview of the history of rice cultivation in the belt from the prehistory,post-history and modern progress.It studies the agricultural cultural heritage resources of the whole rice industry chain from the biological genetic resources,world cultural heritage,key cultural relics protection units,national archaeological site parks,movable cultural relics,important agricultural cultural heritage,intangible cultural heritage,China time-honored brands,historical names,traditional markers,tribute culture,archival and documentary heritage.It also analyzes the six main problems in the inheritance and development of rice farming culture,and proposes 8 strategies,including promoting the inheritance and innovative development of excellent traditional Chinese culture through the inheritance of rice farming culture,promoting the Exploration of the Origins of Chinese Civilization Project through rice farming culture,and creating the Yangtze River National Cultural Park with rice farming culture as the main theme.展开更多
基金funded by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program,Grant Nos.2024NSFSC0515,2024ZHCG0182 and MZGC20230013.
文摘To solve the challenges of connecting and coordinating multiple platforms in the automotive industry and to enhance collaboration among different participants,this research focuses on addressing the complex supply relationships in the automotive market,improving data sharing and interactions across various platforms,and achieving more detailed integration of data and operations.We propose a trust evaluation permission delegation method based on the automotive industry chain.The proposed method combines smart contracts with trust evaluation mechanisms,dynamically calculating the trust value of users based on the historical behavior of the delegated entity,network environment,and other factors to avoid malicious node attacks during the permission delegation process.We also introduce strict control over the cross-domain permission granting and revocation mechanisms to manage the delegation path,prevent information leakage caused by malicious node interception,and effectively protect data integrity and privacy.Experimental analysis shows that this method meets the realtime requirements of collaborative interaction in the automotive industry chain and provides a feasible solution to permission delegation issues in the automotive industry chain,offering dynamic flexibility in authorization and scalability compared to most existing solutions.
文摘In response to the challenges presented by the unreliable identity of the master node,high communication overhead,and limited network support size within the Practical Byzantine Fault-Tolerant(PBFT)algorithm for consortium chains,we propose an improved PBFT algorithm based on XGBoost grouping called XG-PBFT in this paper.XG-PBFT constructs a dataset by training important parameters that affect node performance,which are used as classification indexes for nodes.The XGBoost algorithm then is employed to train the dataset,and nodes joining the system will be grouped according to the trained grouping model.Among them,the nodes with higher parameter indexes will be assigned to the consensus group to participate in the consensus,and the rest of the nodes will be assigned to the general group to receive the consensus results.In order to reduce the resource waste of the system,XG-PBFT optimizes the consensus protocol for the problem of high complexity of PBFT communication.Finally,we evaluate the performance of XG-PBFT.The experimental results show that XG-PBFT can significantly improve the performance of throughput,consensus delay and communication complexity compared to the original PBFT algorithm,and the performance enhancement is significant compared to other algorithms in the case of a larger number of nodes.The results demonstrate that the XG-PBFT algorithm is more suitable for large-scale consortium chains.
基金supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)Grant funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(2021R1A2C1014294,2022R1A2C3003319)the BK21 FOUR(Fostering Outstanding Universities for Research)through the National Research Foundation(NRF)of Korea.
文摘A critical challenge hindering the practical application of lithium–oxygen batteries(LOBs)is the inevitable problems associated with liquid electrolytes,such as evaporation and safety problems.Our study addresses these problems by proposing a modified polyrotaxane(mPR)-based solid polymer electrolyte(SPE)design that simultaneously mitigates solvent-related problems and improves conductivity.mPR-SPE exhibits high ion conductivity(2.8×10^(−3)S cm^(−1)at 25℃)through aligned ion conduction pathways and provides electrode protection ability through hydrophobic chain dispersion.Integrating this mPR-SPE into solid-state LOBs resulted in stable potentials over 300 cycles.In situ Raman spectroscopy reveals the presence of an LiO_(2)intermediate alongside Li_(2)O_(2)during oxygen reactions.Ex situ X-ray diffraction confirm the ability of the SPE to hinder the permeation of oxygen and moisture,as demonstrated by the air permeability tests.The present study suggests that maintaining a low residual solvent while achieving high ionic conductivity is crucial for restricting the sub-reactions of solid-state LOBs.
文摘The philosophical concept of one bond connecting the world is an established scientific and economic phenomenon today.The global industrial and supply chains are symbols of that universal link of fraternity,cooperation and globalization.Despite a few major economies still trying to push forward a decoupling agenda and favoring a“small yard,high fence”strategy,globalization and cooperation remain a global trend.
文摘The concept of Supply Chain 4.0 represents a transformative phase in supply chain management through advanced digital technologies like IoT, AI, blockchain, and cyber-physical systems. While these innovations deliver operational improvements, the heightened interconnectivity introduces significant cybersecurity challenges, particularly within military logistics, where mission-critical operations and life-safety concerns are paramount. This paper examines these unique cybersecurity requirements, focusing on advanced persistent threats, supply chain poisoning, and data breaches that could compromise sensitive operations. The study proposes a hybrid cybersecurity framework tailored to military logistics, integrating resilience, redundancy, and cross-jurisdictional security measures. Real-world applicability is validated through simulations, offering strategies for securing supply chains while balancing security, efficiency, and flexibility.
文摘In reward-based crowdfunding, projects are to disclose the operational risks and mitigation strategies for delivering the physical rewards during the funding phase. However, limited knowledge exists regarding projects’ operational risks and mitigation strategies during the funding phase. In contributing to the literature, the study uses data on Kickstarter.com and conducts a content analysis to explore themes and their relationships. The results reveal various operational risks and associated mitigation strategies. Among the identified themes, product-related, contract manufacturers, and supply markets are the most expected risks, while outsourced production and proactive sourcing are the popular mitigation strategies. Also, the finding reveals that proactive sourcing and outsourced production, in-house production and post-campaign sourcing, contract manufacturer risk, and project internal risk are themes forming clusters. The results extend crowdfunding risk disclosure literature and set the tone for future research in crowdfunding operational risk management. Finally, other business implications are drawn for crowdfunding practitioners.
文摘Amid the escalating plastic pollution issue, the development of biodegradable and recyclable polymeric materials has become a focus within the scientific community. Chain extenders, which are an important class of compounds, facilitate the elongation of polymer chains through reactive functional groups, thereby enhancing the performance of the materials. Epoxy-based chain extenders, due to their cost-effectiveness, low toxicity, high reaction efficiency, and effective reactivity with hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, have emerged as a promising class of chain extenders. This manuscript comprehensively elaborates on the varieties, structural characteristics, and performance of chain extenders, the challenges they face, and the methods for their modification. Special emphasis is placed on the application of epoxy-based chain extenders in biodegradable polymers, such as polylactic acid (PLA), and their subsequent influence on the structural and performance properties of these materials.
文摘A substantial body of research has been conducted with the objective of enhancing the understanding of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP) in Central Africa. A significant proportion of the studies focus on medicinal plants, in contrast to those that examine food products. Nevertheless, studies on edible wild mushrooms as NTFPs and cultivated mushrooms, on their economic potential and value chains in the Great Lakes Region, remain scarce and largely absent for some NTFPs. In light of the aforementioned considerations, the present study aims to examine the economic potential and value chain of the production sector of wild edible mushrooms (WEM) and cultivated mushrooms (CM) within the Virunga National Park (PNVi) and its surrounding areas in North Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). To this end, a sample of 432 respondents was selected, distributed equitably among the actors of the Goma-Kitshanga-Mweso value chain, the Goma-Rutshuru chain, the Beni-Mutwanga chain, and the Beni-Mangina chain. A digital questionnaire consisting of open and closed questions was administered, and observations were carried out concurrently. The quantities of mushrooms sold were weighed and photographed. The results demonstrated that, when the eight-month fruiting period of wild and cultivated mushrooms was considered as a single year for all actors within the value chain, a picker could sell 6.1 kg at $2 and earn $12. A seller could sell 16 kg at $4 and earn $64, while a grower could sell 502 kg at $3 and earn $1506. Consequently, the CM grower generates a significantly higher profit than other participants in the value chain, despite the expenses he incurs. Ultimately, the domestication of WEM, highly prized by the local population of the Virunga National Park, has the potential to enhance their household incomes, as evidenced by the findings of this study.
文摘Changes in food production,often driven by distant demand,have a significant influence on sustainable man agement and use of land and water,and are in turn a driving factor of biodiversity change.While the connection between land use and demand through value chains is increasingly understood,there is no comprehensive concep tualisation of this relationship.To address this gap,we propose a conceptual framework and use it as a basis for a systematic review to characterise value-chain connection and explore its influence on land-use and-cover change.Our search in June 2022 onWeb of Science and Scopus yielded 198 documents,describing studies completed after the year 2000 that provide information on both value-chain connection and land-use or-cover change.In total,we used 531 distinct cases to assess how frequently particular types of land-use or-cover change and value-chain connections co-occurred,and synthesized findings on their relations.Our findings confirm that 1)market inte gration is associated with intensification;2)land managers with environmental standards more frequently adopt environmentally friendly practices;3)physical and value-chain distances to consumers play a crucial role,with shorter distances associated with environmentally friendly practices and global chains linked to intensification and expansion.Incorporating these characteristics in existing theories of land-system change,would significantly advance understanding of land managers’decision-making,ultimately guiding more environmentally responsible production systems and contributing to global sustainability goals.
基金the Young Investigator Group“Artificial Intelligence for Probabilistic Weather Forecasting”funded by the Vector Stiftungfunding from the Federal Ministry of Education and Research(BMBF)and the Baden-Württemberg Ministry of Science as part of the Excellence Strategy of the German Federal and State Governments。
文摘Weather forecasts from numerical weather prediction models play a central role in solar energy forecasting,where a cascade of physics-based models is used in a model chain approach to convert forecasts of solar irradiance to solar power production.Ensemble simulations from such weather models aim to quantify uncertainty in the future development of the weather,and can be used to propagate this uncertainty through the model chain to generate probabilistic solar energy predictions.However,ensemble prediction systems are known to exhibit systematic errors,and thus require post-processing to obtain accurate and reliable probabilistic forecasts.The overarching aim of our study is to systematically evaluate different strategies to apply post-processing in model chain approaches with a specific focus on solar energy:not applying any post-processing at all;post-processing only the irradiance predictions before the conversion;post-processing only the solar power predictions obtained from the model chain;or applying post-processing in both steps.In a case study based on a benchmark dataset for the Jacumba solar plant in the U.S.,we develop statistical and machine learning methods for postprocessing ensemble predictions of global horizontal irradiance(GHI)and solar power generation.Further,we propose a neural-network-based model for direct solar power forecasting that bypasses the model chain.Our results indicate that postprocessing substantially improves the solar power generation forecasts,in particular when post-processing is applied to the power predictions.The machine learning methods for post-processing slightly outperform the statistical methods,and the direct forecasting approach performs comparably to the post-processing strategies.
基金supported by the following:the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China[Grant No.JBK2406055]the 2024 Annual General Project of Humanities and Social Sciences Research by the Ministry of Education[Grant No.24XJA790005]the Cultivation Program of High-level Scholarly Representative Achievements for Graduate Students of Southwestern University of Finance and Economics[Grant No.JGS2024055].
文摘This paper examines the impact of upstream merger and acquisition(M&A)activities driven by supply chain integration motives on firm energy performance.By developing a microlevel theoretical framework,we examine the intricate relationship between firms’upstream M&A strategies geared toward supply chain integration and their energy efficiency.We examine the impact of upstream M&A activities on energy performance using data from Chinese listed companies from 2007 to 2021.Our findings reveal that upstream M&A initiatives can enhance firms’energy efficiency,although there are discernible variations in the effects observed for M&A activities targeted downstream or within the same industry.By examining mechanisms,we elucidate the pivotal roles of input substitution effects and productivity enhancements through which upstream M&As boost energy performance.Furthermore,our analysis underscores the catalyzing impact of M&A activities in fostering collaborative innovation in green technologies among firms and suppliers,thus improving productivity and energy efficiency.We provide new microlevel evidence of the relationship between M&A transactions and corporate energy efficiency from upstream and downstream perspectives.
基金supported by the Major Subject of the National Social Science Foundation of China(21&ZD093)the Basic Research Funds of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(16100520240017)+1 种基金the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAASCSAERD-202402,10-IAED-04-2024)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-08).
文摘The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership(RCEP)has created favorable conditions for building deeply integrated agricultural value chains(AVC)in Asia-Pacific.Based on the RCEP agreement,this study employed the global trade analysis project(GTAP)model to evaluate the impact of RCEP on AVC of member countries in terms of time,tariff reduction,and reduction of non-tariff barriers(NTB).The results indicate that(1)the implementation of RCEP boosts the value-added to agricultural exports for most member countries,particularly in competitive industries;(2)the increase in domestic production and processing capacity,reflected in domestic value-added(DVA),is the primary factor driving the rise in the value-added of agricultural exports across various industries of member countries;(3)RCEP enhances the participation of most regional countries in AVC,with varying impacts on AVC positioning,thereby fostering regional AvC development;and(4)RCEP has a positive effect on AVC indicators both in the short and long term,with the effect becoming more pronounced over time.Additionally,reducing NTB enhances the positive effects of tariff reductions on AVC indicators.Based on the analyses,the following recommendations are proposed:(1)Leverage the development opportunities arising from RCEP implementation to enhance the agricultural DVA;(2)capitalize on cooperative opportunities created by RCEP to build cohesive regional AVC;and(3)prioritize the effective implementation of RCEP'shigh-qualityrules.
基金Supported by Zunyi City Municipal and University Joint Science and Technology R&D Funding Project(HZ2023159)Zunyi Science and Technology Support Program Project(NS2023015)+2 种基金Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Commissioner Innovation and Entrepreneurship Service Training Demonstration Base(HHG2023001)Honghuagang District Science and Technology Cooperation Project(HZ[2022]No.08)Honghuagang District Science and Technology Cooperation Project(HZ[2022]No.03).
文摘In order to promote the development of the characteristic industry of fragrant crisp peach in Honghuagang District of Zunyi City,Guizhou Province,and assist the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy,based on the actual situation of the local forest land,this paper studied the development of under-forest economy and the development of products with high added value.Through the combination of field investigation and laboratory analysis,the technology of interplanting soybean in peach orchard was discussed in depth,and the processing technology of high-quality preserved peach was developed.This paper is intended to expand and extend the industrial chain of fragrant and crisp peaches,and to promote the development of modern mountain characteristic and efficient agriculture.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFC3302300)National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant (No.61873309,No.92046024,No.92146002)Shanghai Science and Technology Project under Grant (No.22510761000)。
文摘Blockchain technologies have been used to facilitate Web 3.0 and FinTech applications.However,conventional blockchain technologies suffer from long transaction delays and low transaction success rates in some Web 3.0 and FinTech applications such as Supply Chain Finance(SCF).Blockchain sharding has been proposed to improve blockchain performance.However,the existing sharding methods either use a static sharding strategy,which lacks the adaptability for the dynamic SCF environment,or are designed for public chains,which are not applicable to consortium blockchain-based SCF.To address these issues,we propose an adaptive consortium blockchain sharding framework named ACSarF,which is based on the deep reinforcement learning algorithm.The proposed framework can improve consortium blockchain sharding to effectively reduce transaction delay and adaptively adjust the sharding and blockout strategies to increase the transaction success rate in a dynamic SCF environment.Furthermore,we propose to use a consistent hash algorithm in the ACSarF framework to ensure transaction load balancing in the adaptive sharding system to further improve the performance of blockchain sharding in dynamic SCF scenarios.To evaluate the proposed framework,we conducted extensive experiments in a typical SCF scenario.The obtained experimental results show that the ACSarF framework achieves a more than 60%improvement in user experience compared to other state-of-the-art blockchain systems.
基金an initial outcome of the Research on the Trust Mechanism of Agricultural Supply Chain Financing in the Context of “Blockchain+Supply Chain” Integrated Governance (Project No:20AGL021)a key project under the National Social Science Fund of China (NSSFC)+3 种基金the Research on the Trust Mechanism of Online Bank Lending System Based on Online Social Capital of Long-tail Rural Households (Project No:19BGL155)a project under the NSSFCthe Research on the Cost Formation Mechanism of Data Factor Transactions and the Design of Transaction Mechanism (Project No:23CJY068)a youth project under the NSSFC
文摘This paper begins with a discussion of the trust issues that agricultural supply chain finance faces.It then examines the constraints of using blockchain technology to enhance trust in agricultural supply chain finance in accordance with the technological and institutional logic of combining blockchain with supply chains.This study then proposes the creation of an agricultural“blockchain+supply chain”information service platform and a financing trust mechanism that can effectively ensure the authenticity of the initial information input on the blockchain,consistency between on-chain transaction data and off-chain physical transactions,the controllability of risks in the set up and execution of smart contracts,and the removal of information constraints,resource allocation constraints,and institutional constraints in the agricultural supply chain financing.This aims to improve the efficiency of financing in agricultural supply chains and contribute to the industrial development of rural areas and rural revitalization.
基金funded by the 2022-2023 Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research(ACIAR)Alumni Research Support Facility(ARSF)programme:“Farmers’adaptive capacity and agricultural transformation in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta:understanding and supporting value chain engagement”the ACIAR-funded project“Farmer options for crops under saline conditions(FOCUS)in the Mekong River Delta,Vietnam”(SLaM/2018/144)to this study.
文摘Agricultural production(especially intensive rice production)is a primary income source for over 2.0×10^(7) people in the Vietnamese Mekong River Delta.However,adverse climate change impacts,socio-economic change,and high dependence on farm inputs for intensive production constrain the longer-term sustainability of rice systems.Government and agribusiness actors are encouraging more farmers to grow non-rice crops and supporting the upscaling of alternative crops to paddy rice.We used a qualitative approach to investigate the value chain characteristics,as well as constraints and opportunities of alternative crops via two case studies(baby corn and honeydew melon)in An Giang and Hau Giang provinces,Vietnam.Data collection involved focus group discussions with local farmers and interviews with farmers and industry experts.Thematic analysis was used to compile the findings,and the results were validated with local government staff.The baby corn value chain featured on-going and stable market demand(including value-addition)and better vertical coordination(e.g.,written contracts and financial support).The honeydew melon value chain featured positive relationships between farmers and traders despite less-developed vertical coordination.There are opportunities for value chain engagement through product quality certification,value-addition,and accessing high-value domestic and export markets.However,farmers require crop-specific and generic support from private and public sectors.Increased labour requirements and limited access to finance and credit limit value chain participation.Upscaling and marketing alternative crops can enhance farmer profitability and support non-farming agricultural business establishment,economic growth,and community development.Efficient value chains will be critical to ensure the adoption of alternative crops and development of crop-specific agribusiness models.These findings can inform policy-makers and change facilitators in designing targeted interventions to support the adoption of alternative crops in the study area as well as in Vietnam and globally.
文摘This study numerically estimates the momentum threshold required to excite solitons in anharmonic chains. For both Fermi–Pasta–Ulam–Tsingou(FPUT)-αβ and FPUT-β chains, regardless of whether the interatomic interaction potential is symmetric, the required excitation momentum converges to the momentum of the soliton center(i.e., the peak momentum of the soliton) as the number of initially excited atoms increases. As the amplitude of the soliton approaches zero, the momentum threshold decreases to nearly zero, allowing soliton being excited with infinitesimal initial excitation momentum.These findings enhance the understanding of soliton dynamics and offer insights for optimizing soliton excitation methods,with potential applications in straintronics and nonlinear wave control technologies.
基金Supported by Social Science Foundation of Hubei Province (HBSKJJ20243227),Doctoral Initiation Project of Hubei University of Science and Technology (BK201819).
文摘The Yangtze River Economic Belt is the main rice producing area in China.The rice industry chain is the agricultural pillar industry chain of this economic belt and it is the key to ensuring national food security and promoting comprehensive rural revitalization.This study discusses the entire rice industry chain in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from the national rice production functional zones,agricultural product quality and safety,national famous and excellent new agricultural products,national specialty agricultural products,"China's good grain and oil"products,and national advantageous characteristic industrial clusters.Then,it discusses the geographical indications of rice and its products in this economic belt from geographical indication products,geographical indication trademarks,agricultural geographical indications,geographical indication standards,geographical indication special indications,national geographical indication product protection demonstration zones,and Chinese geographical indication products protected by the European Union.In addition,it analyzes the five main problems between geographical indications and public brands,such as the limited use of geographical indication specific signs and the imperfect intellectual property protection system for geographical indications.Finally,it proposes eight strategies,including promoting the high-quality development of the entire rice industry chain,creating a geographical indication regional public brand for rice and its products,and implementing geographical indication protection projects.
基金funded by the Key Discipline Construction Project of the Liaoning Provincial Social Science Planning Fund(grant ID:L24ZD042)。
文摘Background:The phenomenon of academic anxiety has been demonstrated to exert a considerable influence on students’academic engagement,leading to the emergence of a phenomenon known as“learned helplessness”and undermining the selfconfidence and motivation of high school students.Using acceptance-rejection theory,this study elucidated how a rejective parenting style affects Chinese high school students’academic anxiety and explored the urban-rural heterogeneity of this relationship.Methods:Data were analyzed using a stratified whole-cluster random sampling method.There are a total of 30,000 high school students in the three regions of northern and central China(from Shanxi,Hebei and Henan).A sample of 2286 high school students aged 14–19 years was ultimately selected from 2760 respondents for this investigation,which was conducted at the beginning of the 2023 school year.Pearson correlation,ordinary least squares(OLS)regression analysis,path analysis,and Fisher’s permutation test(FPT)were used to examine the effects of rejective parenting style on high school students’academic anxiety.Results:Results indicated a significant positive predictive effect between rejective parenting style and academic anxiety among high school students(β=0.815,t=116.211,p<0.001).Students’self-concept was significantly positively related to positive coping style(β=0.424,t=21.208,p<0.001)and chain-mediated this relationship.Therefore,this parenting style may indirectly mitigate academic anxiety through these mediators.The study also found that the effect of rejective parenting style on academic anxiety varied by students’residential background and was more pronounced in urban areas(0.226)than in rural areas(0.130).Conclusion:The research underscores the imperative for Chinese families to reexamine their utilization of rejection parenting and to prioritize the cultivation of students’intrinsic attributes.These findings offer a theoretical framework and practical evidence for policymakers and educators to develop efficacious and targeted interventions.In particular,greater attention should be directed towards the discrepancies in the manifestation of emotional and academic anxiety between urban and rural students,and prompt guidance should be furnished.
基金Supported by Social Science Foundation of Hubei Province(HBSKJJ20243227)Doctoral Initiation Project of Hubei University of Science and Technology(BK201819).
文摘The Yangtze River Economic Belt is the birthplace of the world s rice farming culture,and is the origin of common rice(Oryza sativa L.),wild rice(Oryza Rufipogon Griff.),medicinal rice(Oryza officinalis Wall.ex G.Watt),and wart-grain rice(Oryza granate Nees et Arn.ex Hook.f.).Rice culture is the main theme of agricultural culture in this economic belt and an outstanding representative of excellent traditional Chinese culture.This study provides an overview of the history of rice cultivation in the belt from the prehistory,post-history and modern progress.It studies the agricultural cultural heritage resources of the whole rice industry chain from the biological genetic resources,world cultural heritage,key cultural relics protection units,national archaeological site parks,movable cultural relics,important agricultural cultural heritage,intangible cultural heritage,China time-honored brands,historical names,traditional markers,tribute culture,archival and documentary heritage.It also analyzes the six main problems in the inheritance and development of rice farming culture,and proposes 8 strategies,including promoting the inheritance and innovative development of excellent traditional Chinese culture through the inheritance of rice farming culture,promoting the Exploration of the Origins of Chinese Civilization Project through rice farming culture,and creating the Yangtze River National Cultural Park with rice farming culture as the main theme.
