This paper proposes an IoT-Fog-Cloud distributed consensus algorithm for solving the energy hub(EH)dispatch problem with packet-dropping communication links and some of EH elements'uncertainties.Every generating a...This paper proposes an IoT-Fog-Cloud distributed consensus algorithm for solving the energy hub(EH)dispatch problem with packet-dropping communication links and some of EH elements'uncertainties.Every generating and consumption unit in this algorithm is required to estimate total power generated,total load,and power mismatches.Energy node coordination is accomplished using a distributed approach.Such a distributed approach wins in work sharing,enduring a single link failure,effective decision-making,quickest convergence,and autonomy for global power nodes.The method works with all grid types in connected and islanded modes.Minimizing total operation cost and emissions while meeting total demand and system constraints are the most crucial contributions of this paper.Two case studies are applied to explain performance and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm with different packet loss scenarios.Under uncertainty,sensitivity of the system was evaluated.Results show mismatch between generated and consumed power is improved by 100%in the electricity grid,99.94%in heating grid,and 99.91%in gas grid.Also,total operating cost,total emissions,and emissions cost decreased by 8.6%,13.48%,and 18.73%,respectively.展开更多
The Anhui Provincial Bureau of Statistics announced in early March that Hefei’s permanent resident population had reached 10.002 million in 2024,surpassing the 10-million mark for the first time.This achievement posi...The Anhui Provincial Bureau of Statistics announced in early March that Hefei’s permanent resident population had reached 10.002 million in 2024,surpassing the 10-million mark for the first time.This achievement positions Hefei as the fourth most populated city in the Yangtze River Delta region,following Shanghai,Suzhou in Jiangsu Province,and Hangzhou in Zhejiang Province.展开更多
This study proposes a method for analyzing the security distance of an Active Distribution Network(ADN)by incorporating the demand response of an Energy Hub(EH).Taking into account the impact of stochastic wind-solar ...This study proposes a method for analyzing the security distance of an Active Distribution Network(ADN)by incorporating the demand response of an Energy Hub(EH).Taking into account the impact of stochastic wind-solar power and flexible loads on the EH,an interactive power model was developed to represent the EH’s operation under these influences.Additionally,an ADN security distance model,integrating an EH with flexible loads,was constructed to evaluate the effect of flexible load variations on the ADN’s security distance.By considering scenarios such as air conditioning(AC)load reduction and base station(BS)load transfer,the security distances of phases A,B,and C increased by 17.1%,17.2%,and 17.7%,respectively.Furthermore,a multi-objective optimal power flow model was formulated and solved using the Forward-Backward Power Flow Algorithm,the NSGA-II multi-objective optimization algo-rithm,and the maximum satisfaction method.The simulation results of the IEEE33 node system example demonstrate that after opti-mization,the total energy cost for one day is reduced by 0.026%,and the total security distance limit of the ADN’s three phases is improved by 0.1 MVA.This method effectively enhances the security distance,facilitates BS load transfer and AC load reduction,and contributes to the energy-saving,economical,and safe operation of the power system.展开更多
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection is related to various extragastric diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).However,the possible mechanisms connecting H.pylori infection and T2DM remain unkn...BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection is related to various extragastric diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).However,the possible mechanisms connecting H.pylori infection and T2DM remain unknown.AIM To explore potential molecular connections between H.pylori infection and T2DM.METHODS We extracted gene expression arrays from three online datasets(GSE60427,GSE27411 and GSE115601).Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)commonly present in patients with H.pylori infection and T2DM were identified.Hub genes were validated using human gastric biopsy samples.Correlations between hub genes and immune cell infiltration,miRNAs,and transcription factors(TFs)were further analyzed.RESULTS A total of 67 DEGs were commonly presented in patients with H.pylori infection and T2DM.Five significantly upregulated hub genes,including TLR4,ITGAM,C5AR1,FCER1G,and FCGR2A,were finally identified,all of which are closely related to immune cell infiltration.The gene-miRNA analysis detected 13 miRNAs with at least two gene cross-links.TF-gene interaction networks showed that TLR4 was coregulated by 26 TFs,the largest number of TFs among the 5 hub genes.CONCLUSION We identified five hub genes that may have molecular connections between H.pylori infection and T2DM.This study provides new insights into the pathogenesis of H.pylori-induced onset of T2DM.展开更多
BACKGROUND The identification of specific gene expression patterns is crucial for understanding the mechanisms underlying primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)and finding relevant biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic e...BACKGROUND The identification of specific gene expression patterns is crucial for understanding the mechanisms underlying primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)and finding relevant biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation.AIM To determine PBC-associated hub genes and assess their clinical utility for disease prediction.METHODS PBC expression data were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database.Overlapping genes from differential expression analysis and weighted gene coexpression network analysis(WGCNA)were identified as key genes for PBC.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology analyses were performed to explore the potential roles of key genes.Hub genes were identified in protein-protein interaction(PPI)networks using the Degree algorithm in Cytoscape software.The relationship between hub genes and immune cells was investigated.Finally,a Mendelian randomization study was conducted to determine the causal effects of hub genes on PBC.RESULTS We identified 71 overlapping key genes using differential expression analysis and WGCNA.These genes were primarily enriched in pathways related to cytokinecytokine receptor interaction,and Th1,Th2,and Th17 cell differentiation.We utilized Cytoscape software and identified five hub genes(CD247,IL10,CCL5,CCL3,and STAT3)in PPI networks.These hub genes showed a strong correlation with immune cell infiltration in PBC.However,inverse variance weighting analysis did not indicate the causal effects of hub genes on PBC risk.CONCLUSION Hub genes can potentially serve as valuable biomarkers for PBC prediction and treatment,thereby offering significant clinical utility.展开更多
The target of integrated construction of comprehensive transportation hub is to integrate the traffic resources,achieve butt joint of pan-regional transportation mode,and finally realize the"seamless connection&q...The target of integrated construction of comprehensive transportation hub is to integrate the traffic resources,achieve butt joint of pan-regional transportation mode,and finally realize the"seamless connection"of the goods and"zero transfer"of the passenger traffic.Relying on the particularity of the geographical location and the convenience of the Yangtze River channel,Luzhou puts forth effort to build a comprehensive transport hub in Southern Sichuan and has made great efforts in traffic infrastructure construction.However,there are still some problems.Combining practice of Luzhou,using the advanced experience of foreign and domestic cities for reference,the paper pointed out that for the sake of constructing a comprehensive transportation hub,we need to build the traffic integration on the basis of the efficiency.Besides,the paper proposed the strategies for construction.展开更多
The external rotor hub motor adopts direct drive mode,no deceleration drive device,and has a compact structure.Its axial size is smaller than that of a deceleration-driven hub motor,which greatly reduces the weight of...The external rotor hub motor adopts direct drive mode,no deceleration drive device,and has a compact structure.Its axial size is smaller than that of a deceleration-driven hub motor,which greatly reduces the weight of the vehicle and increases the cruising range of the vehicle.Because of the limited special working environment and performance requirements,the hub motor has a small internal space and a large heat generation,so it puts forward higher requirements for heat dissipation capacity.For the external rotor hub motor,a new type of in-tank watercooled structure of hub motor was proposed to improve its cooling effect and performance.Firstly,the threedimensional finite element model of the motor is established to analyze the characteristics of motor loss and temperature field distribution.Secondly,the cooling performance of different cooling structures in the tank was studied.Finally,the thermal network model and three-dimensional finite element analysis were used to optimize the water-cooled structure in the tank,and the power density of themotor was improved by improving the cooling performance under the condition of volume limitation of the hub motor.The results show that the cooling effect of the proposed water-cooled structure in the tank is significant under the condition of constant power density.Compared to natural ventilation,the maximum temperature was reduced by 33.13°C and the cooling effect was increased by about 27.7%.展开更多
Background:Cold exposure is linked to numerous diseases,yet the changes in key genes and pathways in mice under cold exposure remain unexplored.Understanding these alterations could offer insights into the mechanisms ...Background:Cold exposure is linked to numerous diseases,yet the changes in key genes and pathways in mice under cold exposure remain unexplored.Understanding these alterations could offer insights into the mechanisms of cold resistance and contribute valuable ideas for treating cold-related diseases.Methods:The dataset GSE148361 was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database.Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified using the"limma"package in R software.Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway analyses were performed on DEGs.The STRING(Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes)database was used to construct a protein-protein interaction(PPI)network.Additionally,gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA)was conducted to identify pathways associated with key genes.miRNAs and upstream transcription factors(TFs)were predicted using the miRNet database.Results:A total of 208 DEGs were identified,with 137 upregulated and 71 downregulated.In biological processes,DEGs were enriched in nucleotide and purine-containing compound metabolism.For cellular components,DEGs were involved in condensed chromosomes and mitochondrial protein complexes.In molecular functions,proton transmembrane transporter activity was enriched.KEGG pathway analysis showed significant enrichment in biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids,fatty acids,and pyruvate metabolism.From the PPI network,12 hub genes were identified using MCODE.Four hub genes(Col3a1,Ifi203,Rtp4,Vcan)demonstrated similar trends in a validation set(GSE110420)and were significantly differentially expressed.GSEA analysis indicated that these four genes were enriched in pathways such as ECM-receptor interaction and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction.The hub gene network included 93 miRNAs and one TF.Conclusion:This study identified four hub genes as potential diagnostic biomarkers for cold exposure,providing insights for further research on the effects of cold on gene expression and disease.展开更多
This article discusses the roadbed splicing for hub interchanges.The article starts with a description of the characteristics of junction roadbed splicing.The application of splicing technology is explained using a su...This article discusses the roadbed splicing for hub interchanges.The article starts with a description of the characteristics of junction roadbed splicing.The application of splicing technology is explained using a subgrade splicing scheme of a project.Roadbed splicing involves stepwise excavation and preparative measures like surface cleaning and backfilling.This article serves to provide a valuable reference for road and bridge construction and improve the quality of China’s road and bridge projects,so as to achieve sustainable development of the road and bridge engineering industry.展开更多
Building a low-carbon park is crucial for achieving the carbon neutrality goals.However,most research on low-carbon economic planning methods for park-level integrated energy systems(PIES)has focused on multi-energy f...Building a low-carbon park is crucial for achieving the carbon neutrality goals.However,most research on low-carbon economic planning methods for park-level integrated energy systems(PIES)has focused on multi-energy flow interactions,neglecting the“carbon perspective”and the impact of the dynamic coupling characteristics between multi-energy flows and carbon emission flow(CEF)on carbon reduction and planning schemes.Therefore,this paper proposes a two-layer low-carbon economic planning method for park-level integrated energy systems with carbon-energy synergistic hub(CESH).Firstly,this paper establishes a CESH model for PIES to describe the synergistic relationship between CEF and multi-energy flows from input,conversion,storage,to output.Secondly,a PIES two-layer low-carbon economic planning model with CESH is proposed.The upper model determines the optimal device types and capacities during the planning cycle.The lower model employs the CESH model to promote carbon energy friendly interactions,optimize the daily operation scheme of PIES.The iterative process between the two layers,initiated by a genetic algorithm(GA),ensures the speed and ac-curacy.Finally,case studies show that,compared to planning methods without the CESH model,the proposed method is effective in reducing carbon emissions and total costs during the planning cycle.From a dual“carbon-energy”perspective,it enhances investment effectiveness and carbon reduction sensitivity by deeply exploring the energy conservation and carbon reduction potential of PIES.展开更多
针对轮毂电机驱动汽车(hub motor driven vehicle,HMDV)因开关磁阻电机自重和电机气隙偏心导致产生的垂向振动负效应严重恶化车辆的平顺性和操稳性的问题,提出一种基于分数阶滑模控制的HMDV可控动惯性悬架优化设计方法。首先,在轮毂驱...针对轮毂电机驱动汽车(hub motor driven vehicle,HMDV)因开关磁阻电机自重和电机气隙偏心导致产生的垂向振动负效应严重恶化车辆的平顺性和操稳性的问题,提出一种基于分数阶滑模控制的HMDV可控动惯性悬架优化设计方法。首先,在轮毂驱动电机气隙偏心产生的不平衡径向力基础上,建立HMDV 1/4混棚动惯性悬架,理论证明二阶混棚正实网络的优异性能;其次,采用HMDV二阶混棚正实网络作为参考模型,构建基于分数阶滑模控制理论的HMDV协调控制系统,在随机路面下进行平顺性仿真和分析;最后,进行HMDV 1/4悬架台架试验。试验结果表明,HMDV可控动惯性悬架与HMDV传统被动悬架相比,车身加速度均方根值、悬架动行程均方根值以及轮胎动载荷均方根值最大降幅分别为7.72%、30.64%以及11.54%。验证了所设计的HMDV可控动惯性悬架对于由开关磁阻电机造成的垂向振动负效应有优异的抑制性能。展开更多
文摘This paper proposes an IoT-Fog-Cloud distributed consensus algorithm for solving the energy hub(EH)dispatch problem with packet-dropping communication links and some of EH elements'uncertainties.Every generating and consumption unit in this algorithm is required to estimate total power generated,total load,and power mismatches.Energy node coordination is accomplished using a distributed approach.Such a distributed approach wins in work sharing,enduring a single link failure,effective decision-making,quickest convergence,and autonomy for global power nodes.The method works with all grid types in connected and islanded modes.Minimizing total operation cost and emissions while meeting total demand and system constraints are the most crucial contributions of this paper.Two case studies are applied to explain performance and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm with different packet loss scenarios.Under uncertainty,sensitivity of the system was evaluated.Results show mismatch between generated and consumed power is improved by 100%in the electricity grid,99.94%in heating grid,and 99.91%in gas grid.Also,total operating cost,total emissions,and emissions cost decreased by 8.6%,13.48%,and 18.73%,respectively.
文摘The Anhui Provincial Bureau of Statistics announced in early March that Hefei’s permanent resident population had reached 10.002 million in 2024,surpassing the 10-million mark for the first time.This achievement positions Hefei as the fourth most populated city in the Yangtze River Delta region,following Shanghai,Suzhou in Jiangsu Province,and Hangzhou in Zhejiang Province.
基金supported in part by the National Nat-ural Science Foundation of China(No.51977012,No.52307080).
文摘This study proposes a method for analyzing the security distance of an Active Distribution Network(ADN)by incorporating the demand response of an Energy Hub(EH).Taking into account the impact of stochastic wind-solar power and flexible loads on the EH,an interactive power model was developed to represent the EH’s operation under these influences.Additionally,an ADN security distance model,integrating an EH with flexible loads,was constructed to evaluate the effect of flexible load variations on the ADN’s security distance.By considering scenarios such as air conditioning(AC)load reduction and base station(BS)load transfer,the security distances of phases A,B,and C increased by 17.1%,17.2%,and 17.7%,respectively.Furthermore,a multi-objective optimal power flow model was formulated and solved using the Forward-Backward Power Flow Algorithm,the NSGA-II multi-objective optimization algo-rithm,and the maximum satisfaction method.The simulation results of the IEEE33 node system example demonstrate that after opti-mization,the total energy cost for one day is reduced by 0.026%,and the total security distance limit of the ADN’s three phases is improved by 0.1 MVA.This method effectively enhances the security distance,facilitates BS load transfer and AC load reduction,and contributes to the energy-saving,economical,and safe operation of the power system.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82100594.
文摘BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection is related to various extragastric diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).However,the possible mechanisms connecting H.pylori infection and T2DM remain unknown.AIM To explore potential molecular connections between H.pylori infection and T2DM.METHODS We extracted gene expression arrays from three online datasets(GSE60427,GSE27411 and GSE115601).Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)commonly present in patients with H.pylori infection and T2DM were identified.Hub genes were validated using human gastric biopsy samples.Correlations between hub genes and immune cell infiltration,miRNAs,and transcription factors(TFs)were further analyzed.RESULTS A total of 67 DEGs were commonly presented in patients with H.pylori infection and T2DM.Five significantly upregulated hub genes,including TLR4,ITGAM,C5AR1,FCER1G,and FCGR2A,were finally identified,all of which are closely related to immune cell infiltration.The gene-miRNA analysis detected 13 miRNAs with at least two gene cross-links.TF-gene interaction networks showed that TLR4 was coregulated by 26 TFs,the largest number of TFs among the 5 hub genes.CONCLUSION We identified five hub genes that may have molecular connections between H.pylori infection and T2DM.This study provides new insights into the pathogenesis of H.pylori-induced onset of T2DM.
基金Supported by School-Level Key Projects at Bengbu Medical College,No.2021byzd109。
文摘BACKGROUND The identification of specific gene expression patterns is crucial for understanding the mechanisms underlying primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)and finding relevant biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation.AIM To determine PBC-associated hub genes and assess their clinical utility for disease prediction.METHODS PBC expression data were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database.Overlapping genes from differential expression analysis and weighted gene coexpression network analysis(WGCNA)were identified as key genes for PBC.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology analyses were performed to explore the potential roles of key genes.Hub genes were identified in protein-protein interaction(PPI)networks using the Degree algorithm in Cytoscape software.The relationship between hub genes and immune cells was investigated.Finally,a Mendelian randomization study was conducted to determine the causal effects of hub genes on PBC.RESULTS We identified 71 overlapping key genes using differential expression analysis and WGCNA.These genes were primarily enriched in pathways related to cytokinecytokine receptor interaction,and Th1,Th2,and Th17 cell differentiation.We utilized Cytoscape software and identified five hub genes(CD247,IL10,CCL5,CCL3,and STAT3)in PPI networks.These hub genes showed a strong correlation with immune cell infiltration in PBC.However,inverse variance weighting analysis did not indicate the causal effects of hub genes on PBC risk.CONCLUSION Hub genes can potentially serve as valuable biomarkers for PBC prediction and treatment,thereby offering significant clinical utility.
文摘The target of integrated construction of comprehensive transportation hub is to integrate the traffic resources,achieve butt joint of pan-regional transportation mode,and finally realize the"seamless connection"of the goods and"zero transfer"of the passenger traffic.Relying on the particularity of the geographical location and the convenience of the Yangtze River channel,Luzhou puts forth effort to build a comprehensive transport hub in Southern Sichuan and has made great efforts in traffic infrastructure construction.However,there are still some problems.Combining practice of Luzhou,using the advanced experience of foreign and domestic cities for reference,the paper pointed out that for the sake of constructing a comprehensive transportation hub,we need to build the traffic integration on the basis of the efficiency.Besides,the paper proposed the strategies for construction.
基金supported by National Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51705306).
文摘The external rotor hub motor adopts direct drive mode,no deceleration drive device,and has a compact structure.Its axial size is smaller than that of a deceleration-driven hub motor,which greatly reduces the weight of the vehicle and increases the cruising range of the vehicle.Because of the limited special working environment and performance requirements,the hub motor has a small internal space and a large heat generation,so it puts forward higher requirements for heat dissipation capacity.For the external rotor hub motor,a new type of in-tank watercooled structure of hub motor was proposed to improve its cooling effect and performance.Firstly,the threedimensional finite element model of the motor is established to analyze the characteristics of motor loss and temperature field distribution.Secondly,the cooling performance of different cooling structures in the tank was studied.Finally,the thermal network model and three-dimensional finite element analysis were used to optimize the water-cooled structure in the tank,and the power density of themotor was improved by improving the cooling performance under the condition of volume limitation of the hub motor.The results show that the cooling effect of the proposed water-cooled structure in the tank is significant under the condition of constant power density.Compared to natural ventilation,the maximum temperature was reduced by 33.13°C and the cooling effect was increased by about 27.7%.
文摘Background:Cold exposure is linked to numerous diseases,yet the changes in key genes and pathways in mice under cold exposure remain unexplored.Understanding these alterations could offer insights into the mechanisms of cold resistance and contribute valuable ideas for treating cold-related diseases.Methods:The dataset GSE148361 was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database.Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified using the"limma"package in R software.Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway analyses were performed on DEGs.The STRING(Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes)database was used to construct a protein-protein interaction(PPI)network.Additionally,gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA)was conducted to identify pathways associated with key genes.miRNAs and upstream transcription factors(TFs)were predicted using the miRNet database.Results:A total of 208 DEGs were identified,with 137 upregulated and 71 downregulated.In biological processes,DEGs were enriched in nucleotide and purine-containing compound metabolism.For cellular components,DEGs were involved in condensed chromosomes and mitochondrial protein complexes.In molecular functions,proton transmembrane transporter activity was enriched.KEGG pathway analysis showed significant enrichment in biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids,fatty acids,and pyruvate metabolism.From the PPI network,12 hub genes were identified using MCODE.Four hub genes(Col3a1,Ifi203,Rtp4,Vcan)demonstrated similar trends in a validation set(GSE110420)and were significantly differentially expressed.GSEA analysis indicated that these four genes were enriched in pathways such as ECM-receptor interaction and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction.The hub gene network included 93 miRNAs and one TF.Conclusion:This study identified four hub genes as potential diagnostic biomarkers for cold exposure,providing insights for further research on the effects of cold on gene expression and disease.
文摘This article discusses the roadbed splicing for hub interchanges.The article starts with a description of the characteristics of junction roadbed splicing.The application of splicing technology is explained using a subgrade splicing scheme of a project.Roadbed splicing involves stepwise excavation and preparative measures like surface cleaning and backfilling.This article serves to provide a valuable reference for road and bridge construction and improve the quality of China’s road and bridge projects,so as to achieve sustainable development of the road and bridge engineering industry.
基金financially funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant/Award Numbers:52177107 and 52222704).
文摘Building a low-carbon park is crucial for achieving the carbon neutrality goals.However,most research on low-carbon economic planning methods for park-level integrated energy systems(PIES)has focused on multi-energy flow interactions,neglecting the“carbon perspective”and the impact of the dynamic coupling characteristics between multi-energy flows and carbon emission flow(CEF)on carbon reduction and planning schemes.Therefore,this paper proposes a two-layer low-carbon economic planning method for park-level integrated energy systems with carbon-energy synergistic hub(CESH).Firstly,this paper establishes a CESH model for PIES to describe the synergistic relationship between CEF and multi-energy flows from input,conversion,storage,to output.Secondly,a PIES two-layer low-carbon economic planning model with CESH is proposed.The upper model determines the optimal device types and capacities during the planning cycle.The lower model employs the CESH model to promote carbon energy friendly interactions,optimize the daily operation scheme of PIES.The iterative process between the two layers,initiated by a genetic algorithm(GA),ensures the speed and ac-curacy.Finally,case studies show that,compared to planning methods without the CESH model,the proposed method is effective in reducing carbon emissions and total costs during the planning cycle.From a dual“carbon-energy”perspective,it enhances investment effectiveness and carbon reduction sensitivity by deeply exploring the energy conservation and carbon reduction potential of PIES.
